application of innovative technologies to phase out …
TRANSCRIPT
APPLICATION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES TO PHASE OUT SWD IN SOUTH OMAN
Rashid Al-MasfryInnovative Water & Wastewater Technologies Workshop,
SAWEA 29-30th of November 2005
Email:
Extended list:
PDO: Mohamed Al-Lamki
Shell: Paul Verbeek, Maarten Schaapveld, Ewout Biezen, Jip van Eijden, Paul van den Hoek
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW• Case for Phasing out SWD….?• PDO Water Management Principles• Approach used to handle PW water:
– Reservoir: Water Shut Off-Mechanical/Chemical– Wellbore: Downhole Seperation and Wellbore control– Surface/Subsurface:
– Utilising water to enhance hydrocarbon recovery by Water Injection– Dispose off surplus into deep horizon by Deep Water Disposal
– Surface:– Taking opportnity to green the desert by Reedbed and;– Desalination of produced waterd by Solar Dew
PDO PW PROFILE: Injection and disposal
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032
Wat
er ra
te [m
3/d]
Water productionWater injectionPPB '04PPB '04Water disposal
Shallow Water Disposal Aquifers
PDO SALINITY DISTRIBUTION
Fars and UeR Salinities
< 1000 ppm
Potable water in the south area
High salinity region
AQUIFER RECHARGE & SEA WATER
South
DHOFARMOUNTAINS
SeaLevel Umm Er Radhuma
Haushi(Gharif)
Nahr Um
Haima?
CENTRAL OMANHIGH
SOUTH OMAN SALT BASIN
BIRBA HIGH
200 km
2 km NORTH OMAN SALT BASIN
OMANMOUNTAINS
North
Aquifers of Oman
Dr. No. : 105822 PC
Author : X
EM
/31D
ate : October 2001
Fig. :D
r. No. : 15822 P
C
Produced Water and Shallow Water Salinity ComparisonFormation/ Water Type
MarmulTDS (ppm)
Nimr(TDS ppm)
Rima(TDS ppm)
TDS (ppm) of Fresh Water Lens
1,800 - 2,000 600 - 1,800 160 - 350
Fars - 600 - 5,500 160 - 7,000
Dammam 1,800 - 2,000 - 7,000 -12,000
Fars + Dammam - 1,300 - 8,000 7,000 - 14,500
Rus 4,000 - 5,000 4,000 - 9,000 -
Rus + UeR - 5,000 - 8,000 8,000 - 11,000
UeR 1,000 - 6,500 5,000 - 7,500 8,000 - 14,000
Disposed Water (TDS)
4,000 - 4,500 7,000 - 8,000 10,000 - 13,000
SWD Depths 50 – 150 mbgl 90 – 160 mbgl 300 – 650 mbgl
SWD Formation Dammam + Rus Fars + Dammam UeR
Fresh water Lens UeR in Sabsab, (Western asset),
Localised lenses inDammam
Fars/Dammam Fars/Dammam
KEY SUSTAINABLE PRINCIPLES
Minimise water volumes produced to surface
Return water to producing reservoir for increased oil production or disposal
Maximise water re-use at surface
Safeguard open waters & fresh water aquifer
Water Management Approach
• Re-use:• Taking opportunity to green the desert by Reedbed• Desalination of produced water by Solar Dew
•Reduce:•Water Shut Off-Mechanical/Chemical (Profile control and diversion)•Downhole Separation
•Re-inject:•Dispose off surplus into deep horizon by Deep Water Disposal•Utilising water to enhance hydrocarbon recovery by Water Injection
WATER LIFE CYCLE and VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIESCompact Fluid
Separators
D ownhole S eparation
Deep WellInjection/disposal
Induced Fracture
Water Shut-off
DH Metering & Control
Surface disposal
Offshore Water Discharge
Water Aquifer
Compact Fluid Separators
D ownhole S eparation
Deep Well
Induced Fracture
Water Shut-off
DH Metering & Control
Surface disposal
Offshore Water Discharge
Fresh Water Aquifer
ProducerInjector
Reduce water: By Shallow perforation Shut-off
• ADIPEC 2004: Gel-Cement system described in SPE 88765
Reduce water by Shut-off NaturalFractures and Faults While Drilling
Reduction of Produced Water at the Source
Benefits include:reduction in Mud losses
enabling low draw down production contributing to delaying water coning
improving oil production
Cross-sectional view
v
v
injectedchemical
forfractureshut-off
matrix
fracture
Reduce water by Downhole Separation
Results
Production zone,
1543mah-2013mahInjection zone
1415m TVD
1470m TVD
4 1/2” liner
7” liner
9 5/8” casing
2 7/8” injection tubing2 7/8” liner
Pump intake
REDA AQWANOT
1050m TVD
Dual port packer1120m TVD
OIW: injected water quality is 35ppm
Additional Oil 40 m3/d (drawdown & stimulation)
(Rates in m³/d)
Before DHOWS up to June 2000
With DHOWS 25 Feb 2001
Downhole equipment ESP ESP Gross rate 717 277 Oil to surface 77 118 Water to surface 640 159 Water injected 0 approx. 700 Surface watercut 89.3 57.4
Bulk water removal for PWRI by compact separation (10,000m3/d gross)
Re-inject water: Nimr Area and south of PDO
N
NRPS
DWD Phase 1(Site 1)
SWD Wells
32”Pipeline32”Pipeline
32”Pipeline
All Produced Water
Site Number of Pumps / Wells Site Capacity
Site 1 2 Pumps3 Wells
45,000 m3 /day
Site 22 Pumps3 Wells 43,000 m 3/day
Site 34 Pumps5 Wells 90,000 m 3/day
Site 4 4 Pumps6 Wells
90,000 m 3/day
Total 12 Pumps20 Wells
268,000 m 3/day
DWD Phase 2(Site 2)
DWD Phases 3 & 4(Site 3)
DWD Phases 5 & 6(Site 4)
Re-inject water: : General Nimr Disposal Schemes
Re-inject water: DEEP WATER DISPOSAL
Re-inject water: Deep Aquifers and DWD
Re-inject water: Matrix vs Fractured injection Analysis
Parted Pressure(PP)
W ater Injection Rate, Q w
Inje
cti o
n Pr
essu
r e, P
i
M atrix Injction
Fractured Injection
Parted Pressure(PP)
W ater Injection Rate, Q w
Inje
cti o
n Pr
essu
r e, P
i
M atrix Injction
Fractured Injection
Re-inject water: Data Analysis of South Well
Hall plot of NM-373 showing response to hydraulic fracturing job
RE-INJECT WATER: INDUCED FRACTURE MODELING RE-INJECT WATER: INDUCED FRACTURE MODELING
PWRI-FRAC:• Frac size• Skin• BHP (frac prop) MoRes:
• Well productivity• 3D pressure • UR
353
355351
354
Re-use water: Flow Scheme Greening the Desert
Pre-treatment ?
Water from Dehydration System
•Reed Beds
•Solar Dew
•Bioremediation ponds
•Other
Bio-treatment
(Bio-saline) irrigation Beneficial biomass
Re-use water: Nimr Reed Beds Experimental Plot
Biosaline Plot
Solar Dew
Reed BedsB1
B2
B3
B4
A1
A2
A3
A4
Spray pond
Evap.pond A
Evap.pond B
Scale: 6 hectares in total
Biosaline agriculture
C1
Solar Dew water plant
Fresh water agriculture
Reed Beds
C2
C3
C4
B1
B2
B3
B4
A1
A2
A3
A4
Spray pond
Evap.pond AEvap.pond A
Evap.pond B
Evap.pond B
Scale: 6 hectares in total
Biosaline agriculture
C1
Solar Dew water plant
Fresh water agriculture
Reed Beds
C2
C3
C4
Q: 250 m3/dayFeed: OiW 200-300 mg/l;
TDS 6-8,000 mg/lOutlet: OiW 0-5 ppm
TDS ~8-10,000 mg/lMetals removal: up to 90%Residence time: 5-6 days
11 months old Acacia plantsSeveral species tested; survivors mainly tree species
• Water quality meets WHO drinking water standard (Q ~ 4.5 liter/m2/d)• Influent: O-i-W~10 ppm, salinity of 32,000 ppm (evap. pond) • Effluent O-i-W ~ 0 ppm, salinity of 1,000 ppm (fresh water) • Selectivity for Boron proven; VOC, BTEX, phenols undetectable
Other ideas: Inter Asset Water Utilisation Trans Oman Water Line
Nimr
MukhaisnaSteam
Bahjawater Floods
QA Steam
YibalAl HuwaisahWater floods
Lekhwair
Business case…
Enhanced recovery steam/waterfloods
Protect exploitable ground water
Save groundwater abstraction costs
Open water supply to communities (Bio-saline and solar dew)
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Marmul
GCC Countries
Other Ideas: PDO Water balance and distribution
PDO Water balance by area
LegendDisposal water ,000 m3/dxx
xx Injection make-up ,000 m3/d
xx Water for steam ,000 m3/d
Trans Oman Water Line (TOWL)
15
2007
20
2011
20xx Snapshot in year
Area21
62007 2011
2011
Area
Area
1815
2007
164
15
2007 2011
BahjaArea
Area 2011
824
20074
35
176247
2007 2011Area
CONCLUSION• PDO has taken several initiatives to eliminate disposal of PW into
shallow aquifers and thereby reduce environmental impact. • There is no unique solution to PW problem; optimal solution
depends on actual field conditions, like need for pressure support, water quality and local opportunities for re-use.
• Huge investment has gone to DWD to phase out Shallow Water Disposal and eliminate potential HSE risks.
• Technological initiatives have been deployed as alternative to DWD:– Reduce methods, like DHOWS and WSO, achieve pressure
support & debottlenecking– When PW serves no other purpose opportunities for re-use
emerge particularly when water salinity is low.
BACK UP SLIDES
NM-411 Well Casing and Completion Design
9 5/8" Csg. Shoe at 1322.3 mbdf
7” Kill string Surface - 44.53 m
Base Nahr Umr at 913- 930.8mAH
13 3/8" CSG
9 5/8" Csg.
Mahwis
Shammer(741.83m)
Perforations at :1200 - 1300 m
9 5/8" Csg. Shoe at 1322.3 mbdf
7” Kill string Surface - 44.53 m
Base Nahr Umr at 913- 930.8mAH
13 3/8" CSG
9 5/8" Csg.
Mahwis
Shammer(741.83m)
Perforations at :1200 - 1300 m