application of genetic control mechanism in industrial fermentation process
TRANSCRIPT
Application of genetic control mechanism in Industrial
fermentation Process
By,Abhinava J V
University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
FermentationFermentation is a metabolic process in
which an organism converts a carbohydrate, such as starch or a sugar, into an alcohol or an acid.
Example: yeast perform fermentation to obtain energy by converting sugar into alcohol.
Industrial Fermentation
PharmaceuticalChemical
Food processing
Application of GE in Fermentation
Increase an organism’s productive capability
Construction of strains with other characteristics like objectionable color, odor, or slime can be removed for better performance.
The formation of spores that could lead to airborne spread of the microorganism can be suppressed.
The formation of harmful byproducts can be eliminated or reduced.
It can also help in resistance to bacterial viruses and increased genetic stability, can be given to micro-organisms that lack them.
Applying recent genetic engineering techniques to the production of industrially valuable enzymes may also prove useful in the future.
Limitation of GE on Fermentation
• Need identification of gene
Genetic maps
• Vectors
Genetic Systems
• Many Physiological Pathways is unknown
Physiological pathways
Production of
Recombinant Proteins
Proteins are the most abundant organic molecules of the living system. They have significant role in structural and functional organization of the cell.
Proteins that result from the expression of recombinant DNA within living cells are termed recombinant proteins.
Once a Recombinant DNA is inserted into bacteria, these bacteria will make protein based on this rDNA. This protein is know as Recombinant Protein
ProcessIsolation of genes.Insertion of isolated gene to expression
vector.Transfer of recombinant vector into host cell
through Transformation.Identification and isolation of cells containing
recombinant vector.Growth of cells through fermentation.Isolation and purification of protein.
Cloning processGene of interest is cut out
with restriction enzymes.
Host plasmid is cut with same RE
Gene is inserted into plasmid and ligated with ligase.
New (engineered) plasmid inserted into bacterium (transform)
Production of recombinant Insulin
Insulin
Insulin is produced by β cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas.
Human insulin contains 51 amino acids ,arranged in two polypeptide chains.
The chain A has 21 amino acids while chain B has 30 amino acids both are held together by disulfide bonds.