PHS 503Seminar Assignmemt1

BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF C’ DOTS

PRESENTED BY PATIL AKSHAY SHASHIKANT

M PHARM Ist Yr. (PHARMACEUTICS) ROLL-RY1607A01 REG.NO11612535

GUIDED BY DR VIJAY MISHRA (M PHARM, PHD)

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1 What are C'dots ?2 Properties of C'dots 3 Synthesis of C’dots4 Applications of C’dots5 Advances in bioapplications6 New era of cancer treatment7 References

CONTENTS

What are C’dots ?

C’dots (or CD’s)are small carbon nanoparticle(less than 10nm in size )with same form of surface passivation .

C’dots were First discovered by XU et al., in 2004 accidently during the purification of single walled carbon nanotubes .This Discovery triggered extensive studies to exploit the florescence properties of C’dots.

much progress has been achieved in synthesis , properties and applications of C’dots.

C’dots are Biocompatible , have small size with relatively large surface area , photostable and having photoluminescence properties.

Fluorescent carbon dots-carbon dots (C’dots)are currently emerging as a class of promising fluorescent probe on account of their low photobleaching ,versatile surfaces and excellent biocompatibility.fluoroscent carbon Dots (C’dots ) have attracted increasing attention due to their potential application in sensing ,catalysis and biomedicine.

CONTINUE…

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Excellent water solubilityBiocompatibilityGood conductivityPhotochemical stabilityLow toxicityEnvironmental friendliness

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Properties of carbon Dots

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Natural method of manufacturing

C’dots using biomass

C’dots using plasma induced pyrolysis

C’dots from coffee grounds

C’dots using Pollen as carbon source

food wastes and harmful cyanobacteria

by carbonization of oleic acid

Synthesis of C’dots

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FIG DIAGRAMS FOR THE LARGE-SCALE SYNTHESIS OF CARBON DOTS BY ADOPTING

(A) CHINESE INK METHOD

(B) ORANGE JUICE METHOD

(C) BEE POLLENS, AND

(D) SUCROSE AS THE CARBON SOURCE

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Bio sensingOptoronics CatalysisDrug DeliveryBio imaging

Applications of C’Dots

C’dots were also applied in bio sensing as biosensor carriers for their flexibility in modification, high solubility in water, nontoxicity, good photo stability, and excellent biocompatibility.

 The biosensors based on C’dots could be used for visual monitoring of cellular copper, glucose, pH, and nucleic acid.

A general example is about nucleic acid lateral flow assays. The discriminating tags on the amplicons are recognized by their respective antibodies and fluorescence signals provided by the attached C’dots.

Bio sensing

C'dots possess the potential in serving as materials for dye-sensitized solar cells,organic solar cells, super capacitor, and light emitting devices.

C'dots can be used as photosensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is significantly enhanced.

 C'dots incorporated hybrid silica based sol can be used as transparent Fluorescent paint. 

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Optoronics

Catalysis

The flexibility of functionalization with various groups C’dots make them possible to absorb light of different wavelength which offer good opportunities for applications in photocatalysis.

C’dots modified P25TIO2 composites exhibit improved photocatalytic H2 evaluation under irradiation with UV Visible.

The C’dots serve as Reservoir for electron to improve the

efficiency of separating of electron hole Paris of P25

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C’dots have recently entered in the field of drug delivery; moreover, it can be speculated that C’dots can act as excellent dual functional nano-carriers for delivering therapeutic payloads to targeted sites.

The particle size and surface properties of C’dots can be manipulated to circumvent rapid clearance by phagocytic cells, allowing both passive and active drug targeting.

Drug delivery

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Drug loading capacity can be enhanced due to the porous nature of C’dots and can be achieved without harsh chemical reactions thus maintaining the activity of the drug.

The drug release profile can be altered and adjusted using polymer coatings and pH responsive linkers. Potential for administration through various routes, including oral, pulmonary, nasal, parental, intra-ocular etc.

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C’dots with superior photo stability and low cytotoxicity have been widely studied in optical imaging applications as an alternative to QDs.

Both in vitro and in vivo evaluations indicated that C’dots are excellent candidates in bio applications due to their visible excitation and emission wavelengths, high brightness at the individual dot level.

Bio imaging

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Continue…

Fig. Intradermal injection of CZnS-Dots: a bright field, b as-detected fluorescence, and c color-coded images. Insets dissected (in the circled area) axillary lymph node (LN).The results demonstrated that C’Dots injected in various ways into mice maintained strong fluorescence in vivo (as shown in fig)Due to their high biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity, C’Dots are very promising for bio imaging and other related bio applications.

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Fig. Bioimaging using fluorescent carbon dots. S. cerevisiae treated with bare C-dots (13mg mL−1) under (a) normal light and (b) fluorescence ( = 350 nm).𝜆

17Advances in bioapplications

Absorbance and photoluminescence

C’Dots display strong optical absorption in theUV region, with a tail extending out into the visible range (as shown in Fig.).

Most of the one-step prepared CDs exhibit absorbance in the range 280–360 nm . The absorption band could be regulated via various surface passivation or modification (as shown in Fig. )

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Fig. UV–Vis absorption and normalized photoluminescencespectra of the CDs and t-CDs. Inset: photograph of the CD (left) and t-CD (right) aqueous solutions under visible light and 365 nm UV light, respectively. b Emission spectra of the CDs with excitation at different wavelengths.

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Quantum yield (QY)QY is an essential parameter for luminescent nanomaterial. The excellent photo stability wasobserved in pristine C’Dots, thermally reduced C’dots. This superior optical property attracts researchers to concentrate on developing CDs with higher QY.

CytotoxicityThe C’dots with low toxicity and High compatibility are applied in bioapplications as biosensors and Bioimaging agent

20New Era Of Cancer Treatment

Cancer is considered as one of the leading cause of death worldwide. Due to the ever changing lifestyle of the modern society, the incidence of cancer is on the rise. In cancer treatment,5-FU has been proven effective against a variety of cancers including skin, colorectal, liver, breast, pancreatic and lung cancers with a known mechanism of action.Now a days , New era of cancer treatment involves 5FU and C’dots combination for cancer treatment. It was possible to combine the merits of both CDs and 5-FU on a common platform through hydrogels.

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Fig: Multifunctional C’dots integrated hydrogels loaded with chemotherapeutic drug, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU@CD-HY) for simultaneous monitoring of cellular uptake and triggering of apoptotic signaling pathway in cancer cells. Abbreviations used: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), Carbon dots (CDs), Hydrogels (HY), B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl 2), basal cell lymphoma-extra large (bcl-xl), bcl 2 associated X protein (bax), bcl 2 associated death promoter (bad), cytochrome c (cyt c).

22References

[1] Camphor-mediated synthesis of carbon nanoparticles, graphitic shell encapsulated carbon nanotubes and carbon dots for Bioimaging". Scientific Reports. 6: 21286. doi:10.1038/srep21286.[2] "Photoactivatable carbon nanodots for cancer therapy". Applied Physics Letters. 103: 063701. doi:10.1063/1.4817787[3] Abhay Sachdev, Ishita Matai and P.” “GopinathFluorescent carbon dots integrated hydrogels for lung cancer therapy”research april2016[4] Jia Zhang and Shu-Hong Yu* Carbon dots: large-scale synthesis, sensing and bioimaging Materials Today _ Volume 00, Number 00 _ December 2015 research[5]. Jilong Wang1 Jingjing Qiu1 A review of carbon dots in biological applications Received: 24 September 2015 / Accepted: 29 January 2016 Springer Science Business Media New York 2016[6]http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2015/cs/c4cs00269e#!divAbstract

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THANK YOU….