Appetizer: 1. What country does this person represent? 2. What kind of tool is he using? 3. What is he digging up?

Journalists who Journalists who exposed corruption exposed corruption

and other problems of and other problems of the late 1800’s and the late 1800’s and

early 1900’searly 1900’s

Thomas Nast – Problem Exposed

• Exposed Boss Exposed Boss Tweed’s corruption Tweed’s corruption in NYC politicsin NYC politics

• ““Bosses” were Bosses” were powerful politicians powerful politicians who controlled all who controlled all work done in the work done in the city & demanded city & demanded payoffs.payoffs.

Problem Exposed

• During 1860s & 1870s Boss During 1860s & 1870s Boss Tweed’s political organization, Tweed’s political organization, Tammany Hall, Tammany Hall, cheated NY out cheated NY out of $100 million!of $100 million! False Bill Actual

AmountDifference

Courthouse 13,416,932 3,000,000

Lumber account 460,000 48,000

Printing Stationary and Advertising

7,168,212 1,300,000

Total 24,911,644 4,820,500

Thomas Nast – Exposes Problems

• Used political cartoons.

• Nast felt that even if people could not read, that most would understand the drawings.

During the 1860s and 1870s, Tweed and his Tammany Hall organization cheated New York out of more than $100 million.

That would be worth approximately

$1,849,792,880.16 today!!

Who Stole the People’s Who Stole the People’s Money? ‘Twas HimMoney? ‘Twas Him

Reforms Made

• “Good Government Leagues”– Replace corrupt

officials w/ honest leaders

• Exposed Rockefeller and Standard Exposed Rockefeller and Standard Oil TrustOil Trust

• Wrote a series of magazine articles, Wrote a series of magazine articles, The History of the Standard Oil The History of the Standard Oil CompanyCompany

• Credited with helping to breakup Credited with helping to breakup Standard Oil trust and helping to Standard Oil trust and helping to eliminate pools and rebates.eliminate pools and rebates.

Ida Tarbell

On a side note..

• Her father was an oil producer whose business failed due to his inability to compete with John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil

•"They had never played fair, and that ruined their greatness for me," she wrote about the company

• Exposed the poverty in citiesExposed the poverty in cities•Photographer and writer. He Photographer and writer. He

wrote a book, “wrote a book, “How the Other How the Other Half Lives.”Half Lives.”

•His book led to zoning laws, His book led to zoning laws, building codes, fire building codes, fire protection, compulsory protection, compulsory education lawseducation laws

Jacob Riis

Home of an Italian Rag picker - 1888

Upton Sinclair•EXPOSED THE DANGERS OF

THE MEAT PACKING INDUSTRY.•Wrote a graphic, stomach

turning novel called, “The Jungle.”

•HE ALSO EXPOSED THE ABUSIVE TREATMENT OF IMMIGRANT WORKERS THERE.

Quote from The Jungle

• “These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for them: they would die, and

then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together. “

Sinclair’s book led the Sinclair’s book led the government to pass the government to pass the Meat Inspection Act, and Meat Inspection Act, and the Pure Food and Drug the Pure Food and Drug

Act!Act!