APPENDIX-I

List of Men Resident on the Coast, 1654

'Worshipfull Henry, Green hill, Agent; Robert Wignchester, Minister; Robert Doughty,

Godovag keeper; William Broadbent, William Johnson, Assistants;

Edward Whitening, Cherurgeon; William Browne, Steward.'

Garsison : Richard Minors, Lieutenant; Jeoffry Broadford, sergeant; Timothy Sutton,

William Newbegin, William Colbert (and 17 others)

Campe: Jeremy Roote, Gunner; High Dixon, Richard Emerson.

Metchelepatam: Mr. Yardley, chief; Mr. Chamber (and 3 others).

Verasheroone: Edward Winter, William Palmer.

Petapoley : Mr. Lee (Leigh)

Pegu: Martyn Bradgate, William Jersy (and 4 others)

Hukely and Bengala: James Bridgman man, William Nettam, William Blake.

264

I

2

3 4 5 6 7

8 9 10

II

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

APPENDIX- II RECORDSOFFORTST.GEORGE

A list of persons in the Service of the Rt Honble English East Arrivail in India Compa in Fort St. George according to their Degrees by India

the Rules. Elihu Yale Esqr President and Govenor Commission'd

£ to Succeed William Gyfford Esqr Salary June 23th 1682 200

Gratuity£ 100 p ann

John Gray Bookkeeper June 2" 1684

Sr. John Biggs Judge Advocate July 22th 1687 John Littleton Warehouskeeper July 17'" 1682 Robert Freeman Sea Customer Sept 8"' 1688 Thomas Wave! Mintmaster and Storekeeper July 28m 1686 Nathaniell Higginson Paymaster March 19"'

1683/4 William Fraser Land Customer May 31th 1685 Richard Elliot Chaplain June 28,1679 John Cheney his time and Sallary begins the Deer 7,1684

Daniel Gyfford order'd 2d ofVizagapatnam Deer 25, 1679

Thomas Yale July pmo 1683 John Stables Seery Sallary £30 Gratuity£ 10 p Ann. July 4m 1681 Henry Alford Assistant to the Warehouseperson July 4"' 1681 Henry Moss Attorney Generall July 17 1682 Ambrose Moody order'd for the West Coast. Deer 4 1684 John Heathfield Chirurgeon James Johnson Assay Master his Sallary begins Janry20, 1685/6

William Cawley receiver of the Sea Customes June 16, 1684 John Pitt. Janry 30"'

1684/5 Daniell DuBois Assistant to the Warehousekeeper Aug II'" 1685 Edward Tredcroft dto and Register July 22 1687 Giles Litcott Assistant to the Customer July 22 1687 John Meverell Assistant to he Warehousekeeper July 22 1687 Francis Willicox under the Customer July 3d 1681 Zouch Troughton Steward July 17, 1682 Samuell Owen under the Sea Customer July 30, 1682 Wiliam Proby under the Land Customer June 2, 1683 Gabriell Roberts under the Warehousekeeper June 2, 1683 Francis Bett under the Sea Customer Thomas Wright under the Paymaster June 16, 1684 John Butterfield under the Bookkeeper June 16, 1684 George Wingfield under the Minstmaster June 16, 1684 Thomas Constable under the Judg Advocate June 16, 1684 Richard Farmer under the President Sepr 20, 1684 Stephen Mabb under the Seery June 3, 1685 Thomas Jordan under the Register Augt 11, 1685 Heighs Tilson under the Seery July 22, 1687 Enooch Walsh under the Bookkeeper Octr 15, 1687 Mathew Mildmay under the Seery. Octr 15, 1687 GONE TO MERGEN ON THE PEAL FRIGAT William Hodges May 6, 1676

John Hill Novr 19, 1684 GONE TO PERSIA ON THE DRAGON. Robert Leveson Janry 30th

1684/5

265

Present Present Degree sallary

£ 1'1 Council 300

2"" 100 Council 3" Council 100 4m Council 70 5"' Council 50 6m Council 40 7"' Council 40

8"' Council 40 Chaplain 100 Senr 40 Mercht Senr 40 Mercht Mercht 30 Mercht 40 Mercht 30 Mercht 30 Mercht 30 Chirurgeon 36 Assay 40 Master Factor 25 Factor 15

Factor 15 Factor 15 Writer 15 Writer 15 Writer 10 Writer 10 Writer 10 Writer 5 Writer 5 Writer 5 Writer 5 Writer 5 Writer 5 Writer 5 Writer 5 Writer 5 Writer 5 Writer 5 Writer 5 Writer 5

Senr 40 Mercht Factor 15

Writer 5

A LIST OF THE FREEMEN LIVING AT FORT ST. GEORGE

John Bridger married to an English woman.

William Jearsey married to a Dutch woman.

Thomas Lucas married to an English woman.

James Wheeler married to an English woman.

John Styleman married to an English woman.

John Affloeck married to a Castees.

Thomas Betsworth married to an English woman.

Charles Metcalf married to a Castees.

Peter Large married to an English woman.

John Coventry married to a Castees.

John Stephenson married to an English woman.

Richard Monke married to a Portugues.

John Inch married to a Castees.

John Barker married to a Portugues.

Emanuel! Morley married to a Portugues.

James Mackleland married to a Portugues.

Henry Law married to a Portuguese.

Samuel Barron married to a Portuguese.

William Hatsill.

Charles Barwell.

John Faulkingham.

Edward Commell.

James Coventry.

Richard Leigh.

Nathaniell Bonus.

Richard Langford.

Nehemiah Sewell.

Joseph Hiller.

Mathew Mead.

266

Edward Dutton.

Francis Devenport.

Samuell Glover married to an English woman.

Theodore Gregory.

Charles Daniell.

Bartholomew Rodrigues.

Domingo do Porto.

Alvares da Fonseca.

Salvadore Rodrigues.

Daniell Chardin.

NAMES OF SEA FAREING MEN THAT ARE NOT CONSTANT TOWN INHABITANTS

William Harrison married to an English woman.

John Callender married to a Castees.

Edward Inglish married to an English woman.

Robert Masfen married to an English woman.

John Strangeways married to a Castees.

Thomas Bowrey.

John Spencer.

Thomas Walthrop.

Robert Mellish.

Edward Greenhill.

Samuel! Prickman married to an English woman.

Henry Burton married to a Castees.

Henry White.

William Pennystone.

John Pennyman.

John Naylor.

Thomas Flemming.

Richard Metcalf.

267

John Downing.

Armiger Gostlin

John Kiddell married to an English woman.

Ursula ONeal.

Mary Ann Richardson.

Ann Titford.

Sarah Halloway.

Sarah Haddock.

Jane Biggs.

Ann Steyleman.

Elizabeth Steyleman.

Elizabeth Price.

Ann Baker.

Elenor Naylor

Penellope Duncan.

Mary Fisher.

Persis Bonus.

Christnings this year 11.

Marriages this year 14.

Burialls this year 101.

ENGLISH WOMEN UNMARRIED

268

APPENDIX- III

LIST OF PERSONS IN THE SERVICE OF THE RT: HONOURABLE ENGLISH EAST INDIA COMPANY IN FORT ST: GEORGE AND C: PLACES ON THE COAST OF CHOROMANDELL.

Arrival in India Present Degree Salary £

1. Thomas Pitt Esqr : his wife in England. July T": 1698. Govr: 200£ Gratuity 100

2. Francis Ellis accomptant July 23, 1672 2 Council 100 3. Roger Braddyll Warehousekeeper April13, 1688 3 Council 70 4. Thomas Wright Sea Customer married E.W. June 16, 1684 4 Council 50 5. Matthew Empson Paymaster married a Casteez July 20, 1687 5 Council 40 6. Thomas Marshall Judge advocate married E.W. February 3, 169% 6 Council as 40

Judge. 100 7. John Meverell Land Customer July 22, 1687 7 Council 40 8. John Foquet Rental Generall October 15, 1687 Senr: Mercht: 40 9. Francis Bett Provisional Storekeeper --- Ditto 40 10. Vicessimus Griffith married a Casteez May 29, 1685 Ditto 40 11. Richard Hunt Tobacco Manager and Under yc: --- Ditto 40 accompt: 12. Stephen Frewen Searcher at Y: Sea Custom Feby: 3, 169% Merchnt 30 house 13. Thomas Wigmore Receiver of the Sea Customs. Novemr: 23, Ditto 30

1692 14. John Penford assistant to the Land Customer. Novemr: 23, Ditto 30

1692 15. Matt: Mead atty: Genl: & sorter Entertain'd Jany 1, 1692/3 Ditto 30 here As attorney Genl. 50 Mard: E.W. 16. Gulston Addison under searcher at ye: Sea Gate. Feby 3, 169% Mercht 30 17. James Eustace Feby 4, 169% Factor 15 18. Henry Dobyn's Register married E.W. Feby 19, 169% Ditto 15 19. Charles Bugden Secretary Novemr 23, 1692 Ditto 15

Gratuity 10 20. Tho: Harris Translater of Jentue and to look Novemr 23, 1692 Factor 15 after ye: new Towns. 2 I. Thomas Matthews under the Paymaster Novemr 21, Ditto 15

1697. 22. William Bull under the warehousekeeper May 31, 1699 Ditto 15 23. John Hutchinson at the Sea Gate Feb 4, 169'/6 Writer 5 24. Henry Davenport steward Feb 4, 169J/6 Ditto 5 25. Henry Marshal under the Bookkeeper Novemr 21, 1697 Ditto 5 26. Lewis de Paz under the Secretary October 23, 1699 Ditto 5 Entertain' d'here 27. George Lewis (Ministers) 28. James Wendy (Ministers) 29. Edward Bulkley surgeon 30. Edward Rawdon assaymaster

269

Fort St. George, December 1699 Fort St : David

1. William Fraser Esqr. 2. John Haynes Book-keeper married E.W. 3. Ralph Ingram warehousekeeper married E.W. 4. Edmund Mountague Sea Customer of Cuddalor. 5. Richard Farmer Paymaster married E. W. 6. Trevor Games Land Customer: Cuddalore married Casteez. 7. Robert Cranwell Storekeeper 8. John Berlu Sea and Land Customer ofTevanapm. 9. Edward Bawgus Steward I 0. Edmund Bug den Assistant to Y: Sea Customer. 11. John Bulteel Secretary 12. Bezaleel Morrice assistant to the warehouse keeper 13. Joseph Royer Surgeon

1. Simon Holcombe married E.W. 2. Samuel Owen Bookkeeper 3. Thomas Stables ware housekeeper

Arrival in India May 3I st I685

September 5, I684

June 6, I688

July 22, I687 July 22, I687

November 5, 1689 November 23, I692

October I, I692 February 3, 1643

/ 8

VIZAGAPATAM May 3I, I685 July 30, I682

Present Degree Dy. Govt. 2nd Council

3rd Council

4th Council

5 Counl:

6 Counl:

7 Counl: 8 Counl:

Junr: Mert Factor

Ditto Ditto

Chief 2"d: Counl: 3rd: Counl:

LIST OF FREEMEN INHABITANTS

1. Nathania! Higginson Esqr. married E.W. 2. John Styleman his wife in England 3. James Sowdon late Governor of York Fort. 4. Jeremiah Peachie late Chief of Maulda. 5. Charles Fleetwood Late Governor of York Fort. 6. William Proby married E.W. 7. Alvaro Dafonseca a Hebrew merchant. 8. John Affleck married a Casteez. 9. Daniel Chardin married a ffrenchwoman 10. Charles Metchalfmarried a Casteez. I1. William Brooke married E. W. 12. John Wessendonck married E.W. 13. Christopher Allen married a Casteez. I4. William Soame. 15. John Perriman 16. Peter Wallis I7. Samuel Berth on I8. Peter Grossin, married a Casteez. 19. Simon Kilpatrick. 20. William Mayhew, married a Musteez 21. Peter Griffith 22. William Griffen 23. George Turvil, married a Musteez. 24. Abraham Plymer, his wife in England 25. George Heron married a Georgian

270

Salary

40£

40

40

40

40

40 40

15 I5

15 I5

40 40 40

26. William How 27. John Scattergood. 28. Aron Cohen. 29. John Barker 30. John Powell 31. Josuah Page 32. Joseph Newman 33. Simon Musgrove 34. William Smith 35. Charles Alleyn.

Fort St. George, December 1699

List of Sea-Faring Men not Constant Inhabitants

1. John Dolhen, his wife in England. 2. Robert Pitt. 3. Armiger Gosdin married E.W. 4. Edward Fleetwood married E.W. 5. James Howell married E.W. 6. John Wheeler, married E.W. 7. Samuel Glover. 8. Samuel Harp married a Casteez. 9. Richard Phrip married E.W. 10. Henry Griffith married a Casteez. 11. Charles Sherrer married E.W. 12. Henry Harnett married E.W. 13. Wiliam Morrice 14. Lockyr Watts. 15. Joseph Lister 16. George Weoley. 17. John Mabb 18. John Parham, married French woman. 19. William Handcock 20. John Cockroft married Musteez. 21. Christopher Dixon married Casteez. 22. William Leggat, married a Casteez. 23. William Stock married E.W. 24. Joseph Child married a Casteez. 25. Zachariah Stilgo married a Casteez 26. John Tyler married E.W. 27. Thomas Plumb married a Casteez. 28. William Rogers married E.W. 29. Francis Holt. 30. Richard Williams 31. Francis Holt. 32. Richard Williams. 33. George Willock married a Casteez. 34. John Ferguson. 35. William Cawley. 36. Alexander Delegarno married E.W. 37. Samuel Vincent. 38. Owen Channell married E.W.

271

Widows

1. Elizabeth Carrell 2. Ursula Oneal 3. Mary Large 4. Mary Ivory 5. Mary Lacy 6. Sarah How 7. Susanna Harbin 8. Ann Brown 9. Johanna Martine 10. Sarah Blacwall. 11. Mary Gyfford 12. Margery Heathfield 13. Ann Masfen 14. Trenchfeild

Young Women Unmarried

Lucy Poireir Ann Masters Isabella Budd. Mary Man Ann Wright Philadelp: Lesly. Judith Paine Rebeccah: Graves. Jane Gibson Theopalah Heathfield

272

APPENDIX- IV

List of Presidents I Agents/Governors of For St. George (Madras)

Francis Day 1643-44

Thomas Ivie 1644-48

Henry Greenhill 1648-52

Aaron Baker 1652-55

Henry Greenhill 1655-59

Thomas Chamber 1659-62

Edward Winter 1662-65

George Foxcroft 1665*

Edward Winter 1665-68

George Foxcroft 1668-72

William Langham 1672-78

Streynsham Master 1678-81

William Gyfford 1681-87

Elihu Yale 1687-92

Nathaniel Higginson 1692-98

Thomas Pitt 1698-1709

273

APPENDIX-V

CHARTERS GRANTED TO THE EAST INDIA COMPANY FROM WHICH THE JUDICIAL POWERS WERE DERIVED

The Charter of Elizabeth, 31st December 1600: Constituted the 'Governor and Company of merchants of London Trading to the East Indies a body corporate, and granted it the exclusive right of trading to the East Indies for a period of fifteen years. The charter gave the company power to make laws for its own government and for that of the factors, the masters and the marines employed in voyages, provided such laws were not repugnant to the laws of England. It also conferred the authority to punish offenders by imprisonment or fine.

The Charter of James I, 31st May 1609: Confirmed and extended the Charter of Elizabeth.

The Charter of Crowwell, 1657: Copy of the Charter is not available.

The Charter of Charles IT, 3rd April1661: This Charter gave the Company the authority over all forts and factories in the East Indies, empowered it to appoint Governors and other officers and authorized the Governor and Council of a place to judge all persons living under them in all cases, civil or criminal, according to the laws of England and to execute judgment. The Company was given the power to send out ships of war men and ammunition, to erect fortifications, to provide men for their defence, to govern the forces by martial laws, and to make peace or war with any non-Christian power. This charter was a turning point whereby the Company managed to accumulate important powers with itself.

The Charter of Charles ll, 9th August 1683: This Charter authorized the establishment of a Court of Judicature at any factory, consisting of one person learned in the civil laws and two merchants. It was designated primarily as a Court of Admiralty.

The Charter of James ll, 12th April1686: This Charter confirmed the Charters of 1661 and 1683, and empowered the Company to appoint admirals and other sea officers, who might raise naval forces. The company was also authorized to coin any kind of money issued by the princes ofthe country.

The Charter granted by the Governor and Company of Merchants Trading into the East Indies to the Mayor, Aldermen and Burgesses of Madras, 30th December, 1687. 'We, the said Governor and Company, having found by experience and the practices of other European nations in India that the making and establishing of Corporations in Cities and Towns that are grown exceeding populous tends more to the well-governing of such populous Places, and to the Increase of Trade and than the Constant Use of the Law Martial in trivial Concerns, We have therefore, ... for the speedier Determination of small Controversies of little Moment, frequently happening among the unarmed Inhabitants, thought it convenient to make, ordain and constitute our town of Fort St. George, commonly called the Christian Town and City of Madrasspatam upon the Coast of Coromandel in East Indies, and all the Territory thereto belonging not exceeding the Distance of Ten Miles from Fort St. George, to be a Corporation under Us by the Name and Title of the Mayor, Aldermen and Burgesses of the town of Fort St. George and City ofMadrasspatam ... really and fully for ever ... '

Source: John Shaw, Charters relating to the East Indian Company, Madras, 1887, cited in H.D. Love, Viestiges of Old Madras, vol. I, Asian Educational Service, New Delhi, 1996, p. 271-2.

274

APPENDIX- VI

A GLOSSARY OF TEXTILE TERMS

Allejaes, Allegaes, South India. This word is probably a regional corruption of

ALACHA (s.v.), although the Coromandel Allegaes were

apparently of cotton rather than cotton-and-silk. Like Alachas, they

were mostly striped, either red-and-white or blue-and-white, but

checkered allejaes are also mentioned. They do not appear in

Coromandel trade before 1670, whence they were shipped to

Europe as handkerchiefs, Chiefly made near Masulapatam.

Ambertees, Bihar. A superior grade of white cloth woven in the Patna area. It

was much in demand for the London market in the first quarter of

the seventeenth century, but was only occasionally exported after

the middle of the century. It was especially used for the lining of

quilts, and also for re-export to North Africa.

Baftas, Baffetas, etc. Western India. Persian bafta, 'woven'. A generic term for

plain calico ofGujarat (esp. Broach and Nosari), varying in quality

from coarse to fine- the latter costing double the former. Saleable

in most markets. Baftas sent to Europe were usually white, but for

Asian markets they were more commonly dyed red, blue or black.

After the Gujarat famine of 1630 they became scare and were

imitated in many other parts of India, the term thus losing all local

significance.

Betilles South India. From Portuguese beatilla, 'veiling'. A Deccan name for

muslin. Coromandel exports came mostly from Golconda,

especially the neighbourhood of W arangal. Lengths varied from 15

to 25 yards; breadth usually llh yards. They were sometimes dyed

red, and sometimes striped or flowered with embroidery, much in

demand in Europe as Neckcloths. The fine grades were sometimes

reinforced with thin wire thread.

275

Boxshaes, Boxshawes, South India, Piece goods of uncertain description; but the

fact that they were sometimes called boxshawe ginghams suggests

that they were a particular type of gingham (s.v.). They were sent

mainly to Siam and Japan.

Caingoulons, Caingoulons. South India. From Malay kain, "cloth" and gulong,

'rolled'. The term implies that they were exported in rolls. Cloths

named thus were apparently patterned in the loom and usually

incorporated gold thread. They were woven in Tanjore area and

perhaps intended chiefly for making into Malay sarongs.

Catches, Cattaketchies, Cashees, etc., South India, especially Tuticorin. A calico

of unknown description, in demand in many parts of Asia. A few

shipped to Europe as well.

Chillies, Chellies, South India. A Cheap checkered cotton cloth, woven mainly

in Madras area and exported to Malay Archipelago.

Chintes, (Modem English Chintz). From vernacular (non-Aryan) chitta', spotted

cloth'; Hindichint; Marathichit. Applied in the English records to

any painted or printed calico. The factors used 'chintes', as a

plural, and our modem 'chintzes' is therefore a re-duplication.

Cummuns. South India. A particular type of Golconda muslin, otherwise known

as cummun betilles (s.v.)

Dragam, Dragon. South India. Cheap dyed cotton cloth, much in demand in the

Malay Archipelago. Usually described as "black and red"

presumably either striped or checkered.

Dungarees, Dongerijs (Dutch). West Caost. Hindi, dungri. A Strong coarse

calico with multiple warps and wefts woven mainly in the Goa

region, usually dyed brown. Exported to Malayan Archaepelago

and also to Europe. Samples can be seen in Forbes Watson, vol.

XII, nos. 471,473 and 474.

276

Ginghams. North East India. The origin of the term is obscure, and the evidence

confusing. The original Gingham was apparently a cloth of mixed

cotton and Tussur silk. Since the true nature of Tussur as a wild

silk was commonly misunderstood by Europeans in the early 1 ih

century and thought to have been "spun from a herb (hence giving

rise to the synonym 'Herba ')", Gingham is often wrongly

described as a having been a mixture of cotton and grass or bark­

fibre. Further complications arise from the fact that the true

Gingham of cotton-and-Tussur was imitated in pure cotton, the

main distinguishing feature of all cloths traded under this name

being apparently its unusual texture with multiple-stranded warps

and wefts. Bengal Ginghams, extensively exported to Europe in

the second half of the seventeenth century, were perhaps always of

mixed cotton-and-Tussur, and usually had striped patterns: it was

presumably these which brought the word into the English

language in the sense of a cloth "woven of dyed yam, often in

stripes and checks", as the Oxford English Dictionary describes it.

Pure cotton Ginghams, presumably imitating Bengal Gighams, in

texture and pattern (but sometimes also plain white), were

exported in smaller quantities from Masulipatam and further

South. Atypical striped Bengal Gingham of the mid-19th century is

preserved in Victoria and Albert Museum (I.S. 8848), but in this

case the silk is moonga, not tussur.

Guinea-Stuffs, Guinea-Cloths. Western India. After Guinea, the name applied to

part of the western coast of equatorial Africa, which was the main

source of the slaves sent to the West Indies. Guinea-stuffs was the

generic term for a wide range of cheap, brightly-coloured Indian

calicoes, mostly striped or chequred, and very popular with

Negroes. They were shipped first to London, where they were sold

for re-export by the slave-traders to Guinea and the West Indies.

They are not to be confused with gunnies.

277

Izarees. Andhra region. From Telugu istree, 'pressed'. Hence langeloth izaree or

izaree gingham's implies that the cloth was finished with a very

smooth surface.

Jeckandames, Yechandames. South India. The name given to a particular sort of

painted cotton dophatta (s.v.) mainly sent to Siam.

Lansoll, Lauzolls, South India. A Sub-category of Ginghams (see above),

otherwise known as Lauzoll ginghams, especially noted for their

greater breadth than ordinary ginghams. They were exported

chiefly to Siam, and the word Lauzoll may be the corruption of a

place name. The occasional mention of painted lauzoll ginghams

in the records is difficult to explain.

Longcloths, South India. The ordinary staple cotton-cloth or Coromandel trade,

especially esteemed in Europe on account of its length (usually

about 37 yards). It varied widely in quality, and price. In the first

·half of the century most Langeloth was woven in Golconda but

later it was produced mainly in the mainly in the Madras area. It

was usually exported white, but it could also be bought blue or

brown. Samples can be seen in Forbs Watson, vol. XII, nos. 464

and 465.

Madafons. South India. A striped cloth woven chiefly in Golconda and Madras

State and exported to Malay Archipelgo. Little else about it is

recorded.

Morees, South India. One of the categories of staple cotton-cloth woven on the

Coromandel Coast, usually of superior quality and much in

demand in Europe as a substitute for linen Cloth. It was also used

for chintz-making. The traditional cetnre of manufacture was

Masulipatam, but later in the century it was also woven in the

Madras area. Usual dimensions were about 9 yards x I yards 8

inches.

278

Palamposh, Palampore. Persian and Hindi palangposh, 'bed-cover'. Assimilated

into English as 'palemopore'. usually in the sense of chintz

bedspread.

Patta. South India. A cheap dyed cotton cloths, usually striped, but varying in

style according to the particular local market for which it was

intended (for instance, there was Patta chara malayu, 'Patta in

Malay-style', Patta macasser, 'Patta in Makassar-style', etc). There

is one isolated reference to 'Petas striped with silk' (Letter

received, II, 32.).

Percallas, Percallaes, Paricals. South India. A high-grade plan cotton cloth,

especially noted for fineness and regularity of weave as well as for

durability. They were woven in the Madras area as well as

Golconda and were the kind of calico best suited for chintz.

Dimensions were about 8 x I yards. They were occasionally bought

red.

Salalas, Sallalo. South India. A dyed cotton cloth, the style varying according to

the particular market for which they were intended. They are

usually described as either blue and black. Or black. Mainly

exported to the Malayan Archipelago.

Salempores, Salampouries, South India. One of the categories of staple cotton­

cloth woven on the Coast, varying widely in quality and price. The

usual dimensions were 16 x I yard, thus coming between Morees

(s.v.) ad langeloth (s.v.), Exported in large quantities to Europe

from 1660 onwards. At first obtained mostly from Golconda, but

later also from Madras area.

Sarassa. South India, Possibly from Hindi sarasa, 'superior'. A patterned cloth

much in demand in the Malay Archipelago as a waist-cloth, and in

Japan for other uses. The pattern could be either painted or woven,

and as there is occasional reference to sarassa patolas (s.v. patola)

279

it could be either cotton or silk. The word appears to have been

used as the generic term for a sort of unsewn garment, rather than

as in indication of style or pattern.

Taffatie, Taffety. A trade term for silk piece-goods, introduced into Bengal by

Europeans who found the Persian term tafta already in use and

applied to similar materials (e.g., fine glossy Chinese silks). The

European medieval term 'taffeta' had been applied at different

times to different varieties of fine fabric, but probably derived

ultimately from the Persian source- i.e., tafta, 'a glossy twist'.

Tappe, Tapichindaes Western India. From Javanese tapih, 'skirt', and Hindi

chint, 'chintz'. This term indicates a type of garment rather than a

particular material. The two main categories were painted cotton

(tapichindae) and ikat weave (tappe patola- s.v., patola). Gujarat

specialized in these goods and it was considered that they could

not be satisfactorily imitated in other parts of India. Exported to

Malay Archipelago.

Tussur, Tusser, Tussore, etc. North-east India, especially Bengal. Hindi tasar.

Silk produced from the wild silk-worm Antheraea paphia. The

characteristics colour of Tussur-cloth was a yellow less bright and

glossy than the Assam wild silk known as Muga (s.v.). with which

it was sometimes confused. Both wild silks were wrongly thought

by European merchants to have been "spun from a herb", hence

also called Herba (s.v.), Tussur was much used in the making of

mixed cotton-and-silk fabrics such as Ginghams, Nillaes, etc.

280

APPENDIX- VII

Year Quantity Value Improve Value Quantity sold Value Sale Mark

Pieces £ price£ as% p1eces sold£ pnce up of £ total

1664 12265 48496 0.43 35.1 107049 127320 1.19 2.75

1665 107279 49888 0.47 31.4 8930 9744 1.09 2.35

1666 0 0 0.00 0.0 87293 104971 1.20 0.00

1667 12295 3766 0.31 7.8 26391 28280 1.07 3.50

1668 0 0.00 0.0 11090 13090 13096 1.18 0.00

1669 65815 30056 0.46 21.7 71659 102154 1.43 3.12

1670 174600 70182 0.40 32.4 165512 172867 1.04 2.60

1671 94567 41152 0.44 20.4 129424 120467 0.93 2.14

1672 232805 108810 0.47 33.3 237796 228691 0.96 2.06

1673 183774 85204 0.46 33.0 80434 81984 1.02 2.20

1674 159515 70432 0.44 39.5 307264 292717 0.95 2.16

1675 118365 58568 0.49 34.6 211303 177146 0.84 1.69

1676 205396 87112 0.42 26.0 326631 381934 1.17 2.76

1677 161704 80376 0.50 25.1 184290 195157 1.06 2.13

1678 203392 109685 0.54 33.7 194801 219730 1.13 2.09

1679 277656 145481 0.52 40.9 276351 303413 1.10 2.10

1680 253117 131532 0.52 36.9 269439 288728 1.07 2.06

1681 278962 125816 0.45 31.9 262743 242149 0.92 2.04

1682 304242 151860 0.50 36.0 -- -- -- --1683 430506 205261 0.48 39.2 -- -- -- --1684 77332 313196 0.40 39.0 -- -- -- --

1685 341529 170834 0.50 29.3 -- -- -- --1686 245238 128687 0.52 39.9 -- -- -- --1687 365479 163829 0.45 48.1 -- -- -- --1688 88011 57006 0.65 35.9 -- -- -- --1689 180068 88055 0.49 65.9 -- -- -- --1690 38501 16219 0.42 13.4 -- -- -- --

1691 2793 1709 0.61 2.0 -- -- -- --1692 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --1693 12090 5991 0.50 10.0 -- -- -- --1694 38660 18305 0.47 23.1 -- -- -- --

281

1695 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --1696 48657 16134 0.33 10.4 -- -- -- --1697 42978 15713 0.37 10.7 -- -- -- --1698 175185 64815 0.37 24.9 -- -- -- --1699 164815 100604 0.61 26.0 -- -- -- --1700 87734 53553 0.61 10.7 -- -- -- --1701 236163 172658 0.73 29.0 -- -- -- --1702 49683 40313 0.81 10.8 -- -- -- --1703 88442 66122 0.75 26.4 -- -- -- --1704 62672 46494 0.74 29.7 -- -- -- --1705 114303 71127 0.62 34.9 -- -- -- --1706 89630 49540 0.55 23.7 -- -- -- --1707 102588 57040 0.56 32.0 -- -- -- --1708 91870 59014 0.64 35.6 -- -- -- --1709 96800 55312 0.57 27.7 -- -- -- --1710 132804 81840 0.62 22.1 -- -- -- --1711 66600 40668 0.61 9.0 -- -- -- --1712 161836 98688 0.61 20.4 -- -- -- --1713 156030 101843 0.65 18.9 -- -- -- --1714 232940 138566 0.59 27.9 -- -- -- --1715 148730 83158 0.56 29.4 -- -- -- --1716 144489 85523 0.59 25.4 -- -- -- --1717 285645 171148 0.60 34.0 -- -- -- --1718 91934 55172 0.59 11.9 -- -- -- --1719 331679 196647 0.69 30.4 -- -- -- --1720 126840 8771 0.55 15.1 -- -- -- --

Source: K.N. Choudhuri, The Trading World of Asia and English East India Company, 1660-1760, pp. 542-43.

282

Thesis 325.305482

R1837 Ri

r lin'/ ;)11/illl/1111:/l:ali/ Th11918

1695 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --1696 48657 16134 0.33 10.4 -- -- -- --1697 42978 15713 0.37 10.7 -- -- -- --1698 175185 64815 0.37 24.9 -- -- -- --1699 164815 100604 0.61 26.0 -- -- -- --1700 87734 53553 0.61 10.7 -- -- -- --1701 236163 172658 0.73 29.0 -- -- -- --1702 49683 40313 0.81 10.8 -- -- -- --1703 88442 66122 0.75 26.4 -- -- -- --1704 62672 46494 0.74 29.7 -- -- -- --1705 114303 71127 0.62 34.9 -- -- -- --1706 89630 49540 0.55 23.7 -- -- -- --1707 102588 57040 0.56 32.0 -- -- -- --1708 91870 59014 0.64 35.6 -- -- -- --1709 96800 55312 0.57 27.7 -- -- -- --1710 132804 81840 0.62 22.1 -- -- -- --1711 66600 40668 0.61 9.0 -- -- -- --1712 161836 98688 0.61 20.4 -- -- -- --1713 156030 101843 0.65 18.9 -- -- -- --1714 232940 138566 0.59 27.9 -- -- -- --1715 148730 83158 0.56 29.4 -- -- -- --1716 144489 85523 0.59 25.4 -- -- -- --1717 285645 171148 0.60 34.0 -- -- -- --1718 91934 55172 0.59 11.9 -- -- -- --1719 331679 196647 0.69 30.4 -- -- -- --1720 126840 8771 0.55 15.1 -- -- -- --

Source: K.N. Choudhuri, The Trading World of Asia and English East India Company, 1660-1760, pp. 542-43.

282

Thesis 325.305482

R1837 Ri

r lin'/ ;)11/illl/1111:/l:ali/ Th11918