appendix 4a water sensitive urb

7/31/2019 Appendix 4A Water Sensitive Urb

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APPENDIX 4A

WSUD CASE STUDIES

Carindale Pines Brisbane, Queensland

A water tank concealed under the exterior deckThe road drainage layout at Carindale Pines

Appendix 4A Water Sensitive Urban Design 1

Extracted from Australian Runoff Quality.


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Carindale Pines is a greenfield development site, 20minutes drive from the Brisbane CBD. Thedevelopment site is about 14 hectares, with 31blocks of an average size of 720 square metres.

All homes constructed on the site include a 25 kLrainwater tank, collecting rainwater after filteringthrough a first-flush system. Tank water is used forall household uses, including drinking water.Additionally, homes are fitted with AAA-ratedwater-saving appliances.

On a larger scale, roads in the development weredesigned to conform with natural landforms wherepossible, and catchment runoff is directed through aseries of vegetated swales.

Further information

http://propertymarketing.com.au/cpines/

http://www.wsud.org/casestudies.htm

WSUD features

25 kL rainwater tanks on each house

Collected rainwater supplied for all

household uses

Use of AAA-rated water saving devices

Road runoff treated and conveyed in

vegetated swales

Results/observations

Rainwater provides 70-80% of

household requirements

Fig Tree Place Newcastle, New South Wales




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Figtree Place detention basin under dry and wet conditions

Figtree Place is a 27-unit community housing developmenton 0.6 hectares in the inner city Newcastle suburb ofHamilton. In terms of WSUD, the objectives of thedevelopment were to retain stormwater onsite and reduce thedemand on potable water supply.

Roof runoff from the townhouse-style units on the site isdirected to underground rainwater tanks for storage, whileother impervious surfaces drain to an infiltration basin wherethe stormwater permeates through the base and into anunderground aquifer.

Stormwater stored in the rainwater tanks and underlyingaquifer and is put to use in a number of ways including

garden irrigation, hot water and toilet flushing and washingof buses at the adjacent depot.

Since construction of the site in 1998, monitoring resultshave shown a 60 per cent reduction in the total demand formains water. After passing through a hot water system, thequality of the reused stormwater complies with AustralianDrinking Water Standards.

Further information

http://www.eng.newcastle.edu.au/~cegak/Coombes/

WSUD features

Onsite stormwater harvesting

and storage

Infiltration of runoff from

impervious surfaces

Reuse of stormwater for

irrigation, hot water supply and

bus washing


Quality of stormwater- supplied

hot water complies with

Australian Drinking Water

Standards

Demand on mains water supply

reduced by 60%

Kogarah Town Square, Sydney, New South Wales




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Artist's impression of the Kogarah Town Square Redevelopment

The Kogarah Town Square redevelopment site covers aboutone hectare and includes about 4500 square metres ofcommercial and retail space, along with 193 residentialapartments, a public library and town square. The philosophybehind the Kogarah Town Square redevelopment was to

provide a place where people can meet, live and interact.

The site concept involves the collection and treatment of allrainwater (with the exception of first-flush runoff) intounderground storage tanks or cisterns. The water receivesphysical and biological treatment such as sand filters andbiologically engineered 'ecosoil'. The harvested water is usedfor toilet flushing, carwashing, in the Town Square waterfeature and for landscape irrigation. At least 70 per cent oftoilet flushing water is supplied by harvested stormwater Inaddition, the complex includes AAA-rated water-efficient

fittings and appliances.

The Kogarah Town Square Site also includes innovativeeco-friendly urban design features such as passive solardesign and solar energy use.

Further information

http://www.kogarah.nsw.gov.au/

WSUD features

Collection and treatment of

stormwater

Reuse of collected stormwater in

toilet flushing, car washing and

water features

Use of AAA-rated water saving

facilities


85% of stormwater captured

60% of captured stormwater

reused




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Lynbrook Estate Melbourne, Victoria

Lynbrook Estate bioretention systemOverflow pit at the base of a bioretention system




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Comprising 271 lots on about 55 hectares, thisproject was constructed in Melbourne's outersouth-eastern suburbs between 1999 and 2000.

Roof and road runoff from the site is conveyedthrough a system of roadside swales and medianstrip bioretention systems. Following treatment,stormwater is discharged to a constructed wetlandsystem, which in turn discharges to an ornamentallake.

Preliminary monitoring results indicate thatcompared with a conventional design, nitrogen loadshave been reduced by 60 per cent, phosphorus 80 percent and suspended solids 90 per cent .

Economic analysis has shown the cost of installingWSUD elements to be only marginally higher thanconventional systems, increasing overalldevelopment costs by as little as 0.5 per cent.

Further information

http://www.catchment.crc.org.au

Lloyd, Fletcher, Wong and Wootton (2001),Assessment of Pollutant Removal in a NewlyConstructed Bio-retention System, proceedings ofthe 2nd South Pacific Stormwater Conference,

Auckland, New Zealand

WSUD features

'Treatment train' approach

Runoff directed to vegetated swales,

bioretention systems and constructed

wetland


Significant pollutant reductions

Only a small extra expense for WSUD

Doncaster Park & Ride Melbourne, Victoria




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Interrupted kerbs direct stormwater to treatment facilities

The Doncaster Park & Ride project was initiated to promotepublic transport, primarily for peak-hour commuters who useMelbourne's Eastern Freeway. The 1.9-hectare site includesparking spaces for more than 400 vehicles.

Due to concerns about the impact of the site on the adjacentKoonung Creek, WSUD principles were incorporated into

the design. These included directing most stormwater viaoverland flow and intermittent kerbs to bioretention andinfiltration systems. Litter traps were incorporated into sideentry and grated pits to capture gross pollutants from the highuse areas of the facility.

Monitoring of the performance of the stormwater facilitiesonsite indicate that as much as 93 per cent of runoff from thesite is directed to the treatment facilities.

Further information

Smolenska, Somes and Papadopoulos (2002). EnvironmentalSustainability Through Water Sensitive Design ConvertingTheory To Innovative Reality

WSUD features

Use of overland flow paths

Bioretention

Litter baskets in inlet pits

Infiltration


93% of site runoff is directed to

the stormwater facilities




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New Brompton Estate Adelaide, South Australia

Conceptual layout of the New Brompton EstateThe New Brompton Estate Recreation Reserve




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The scheme to collect, treat and use runoff generatedon the roofs of 15 residences surrounding the threesides of the 50 m x 45 m central recreation reserve inNew Brompton Estate was commissioned in 1991.

Since then the scheme has been improved andexpanded to include aquifer storage and recovery andthe potential for providing irrigation for the estate'scentral reserve.

Roof runoff from the 15 houses is collected and passedinto an underground gravel-filled trench situatedaround the three sides of the reserve. Flow passesalong the underground trench, with some of the watertaken up from the soil by the roots of trees that havepenetrated the trench since commissioning of the

project. The remaining, now clean, runoff congregatesat a central location, where it is conveyed to an aquifer30 metres below present ground level. During thesummer months, water stored in the aquifer is reusedto irrigate the reserve

The system reduces downstream flooding and usesstormwater runoff to provide catchment 'greening'. Italso leads to reduced use of mains water.

Further information

http://www.unisa.edu.au/water/Brompt.htm

http://stormwater.melbournewater.com.au/content/community/community_programs_c5.asp

WSUD features

Collection and treatment ofstormwater

Storage of collected water in an

aquifer

Reuse of collected stormwater for

irrigation during the summer months

Reduced demand on mains water for

irrigation


Reduced downstream flooding

Reduced demand on mains water forirrigation of public space

Ascot Waters Perth, Western Australia




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Ascot Waters stormwater detention basinA vegetated swale drain at Ascot Waters

Ascot Waters is set on 97 hectares in the City ofBelmont in Perth. The challenge of this developmentwas to convert a disused, degraded area of land intoan attractive, cosmopolitan estate.

Redevelopment plans for the site divided the estateinto three zones, each with different roles in themanagement of water quality on the site. Zone Aincludes two lakes, designed to deal with waterquality issues in the Belmont Main Drain, along witha wet detention basin and gross pollutant traps.

Zone B includes a linear park, and WSUD featuressuch as vegetated swales, overland flow across

buffer strips, bioretention and detention basis.Zone C included high conservation wetland areas, somaintaining water supply while also ensuring thequality of runoff was important. This was achievedthrough installation of grass swales and buffer strips,delivering varying volume of water to the wetlandsdepending on runoff volume.

Further information

http://ascotwaters.com.au/

Evangelisti (2002). Sharing the Experience Weare all in the ring: The Ascot Waters Experience.

Proceedings of the 2ndNational Conference on

Water Sensitive Urban Design.

WSUD features

'Treatment Train' approach

Vegetated swales

Bioretention

Sand filters

Overland flow across buffer strips

Wet and dry detention basins


Successful conversion of a degraded,

disused inner city site to an attractive

cosmopolitan development

incorporating WSUD principles

Springfield Development Ipswich, Queensland




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Springfield's water recycling demonstration project




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Springfield Total Urban Development is a newresidential development, located between Brisbaneand Ipswich. It covers 2850 hectares, with aprojected 18,000 home sites, and is estimated tohouse 60,000 people by 2012. The site has beenchosen to demonstrate a water recyclingmanagement program. Springfield will be suppliedwith treated recycled water from the Carole ParkSewage Treatment Plant, which is managed byIpswich City Council. The scheme will feature:

dual reticulation to 30 houses for non-potableuses such as toilet flushing, garden watering andcarwashing

surface and sub-surface irrigation of road verges,

median strips, public parks, pathways, bikepaths, drainage and wildlife corridors, sportsgrounds and school grounds with stormwaterand recycled water

topping up of an urban lake that will be used fornon-contact recreation such as canoeing.

The project also includes a consultation process witha full-time community liaison/education officerattached to the project. Recycled water quality, waterusage and environmental response are being

monitored to ensure the scheme's performance.

WSUD features

Advanced wastewater treatment andreuse via dual reticulation

Urban lakes

Urban wetlands

Overland flow across buffer strips


Successful application of WSUD

principles in a 'conventional' urban

setting

The Healthy Home Gold Coast, Queensland

The Healthy Home




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The Healthy Home is the creation of Queensland University,the Queensland Department of Natural Resources andindustry partners. It was designed by the QueenslandUniversity Architectural Department and incorporates

leading edge technology, passive solar design and resourceefficiency strategies, and won the 2000 Master Builders ofAustralia National Resource Efficiency Award/HousingUnder A$0.5 million category. The water features of thehome include:

A water flow control system that reduces water use by upto 50 per cent and controls the amount of hot water used,saving heating energy.

A triple-filtered rainwater storage system sourced from a22,500-litre concrete rainwater tank. Water is utilised in

the laundry, kitchen, bathrooms and garden sub-surfacewatering system. This system includes a first-flushdevice and water filter to ensure adequate drinking waterquality and has a manually controlled mains refillcapacity for when the stored rainwater runs low.

Ultraviolet water disinfection ensures pure, healthydrinking water. Polypropylene piping ensures a highquality uncontaminated water supply for life.

High-density polyethylene plumbing and ducting used is

highly durable, non-PVC, with minimum environmentalimpact in manufacture or assembly.

A greywater treatment system allows for greywater reuseand will reduce the load on the council treatment plantwhen fully operational.

WSUD features

Collection and treatment ofroofwater

Reuse of collected roofwater for

all internal and external uses


appliances

Greywater treatment


Significant reductions in potable

water use

Significant reductions inwastewater produced

High quality water supplied to

the premises from the rainwater

tank collection and treatment

system

Treated greywater quality

suitable for use in the yard

The Sustainable House Sydney, New South Wales




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The Sustainable House




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The Sustainable House is located in Chippendale, in innerSydney, on a block 35 metres long and 5 metres wide. Allwastewater generated by the household is treated by a wetcompost system located in the backyard of the house.

Wastewater is recycled for toilet flushing, clothes washing,and garden watering. A rainwater tank has also been installedand supplies water to the kitchen, bathroom, and laundry.

WSUD features

Collection and treatment ofroofwater

Reuse of collected roofwater for

all internal and external uses


appliances

Greywater and blackwater

treatment


Significant reductions in potable

water use

Significant reductions in

wastewater produced

High quality water supplied to

the premises from the rainwater

tank collection and treatment

system

Thurgoona campus, Charles Sturt University

Albury, New South Wales




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The water management system of Charles Sturt University's Thurgoona campus received the Best PracticeWater Cycle Management Award in 1999 from the NSW branch of the Australian Water Association and agold Rivercare 2000 award in 1996.

The system is an excellent example of innovative design that minimises the demand for water from externalsources and utilises stormwater and wastewater onsite. Passive energy building design, low-costmaintenance, minimisation of non-renewable resources, use of recycled material, and employment of windand solar energy are also features of the development. For further information on the water managementsystem, see Mitchell and Croft (2000).

Construction of the Thurgoona campus, located 10 kilometres outside Albury, New South Wales, began in1996 and was completed in 1999 (Mitchell and Croft 1999; Webster-Mannison 1997). The 87-hectare sitehouses the university's School of Environmental and Information Sciences and the School of Business, andcomprises research and teaching facilities, academic and administrative offices, residential accommodation,and a regional herbarium.

The water management system takes a holistic approach, minimising the demand for potable water fromexternal sources, virtually eliminating the discharge of water from the campus, providing water-sensitivedesign, and beneficially using stormwater and wastewater onsite. The system incorporates dry compostingtoilets, a greywater system, rainwater tanks, and stormwater harvesting.

Water conservation practices employed onsite include water-efficient taps and showerheads andlandscaping of the site with plants indigenous to the region to minimise the need for irrigation. Waterconservation is promoted through the positioning of rainwater tanks in locations obvious to people living,working, and studying on the campus. Native vegetation planted along the waterways and in the wetlandshelps to filter the water and remove nutrients. Ongoing monitoring has found that the system is meetingrequired water quality standards.


Extracted from Australian Runoff Quality

appendix 4a water sensitive urb

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