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APPENDIX 3. EVAULATION OF ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS DATA

Evaluation of Ecological Effects Data St. Louis River/Interlake/Duluth Tar Superfund Site

Minnesota Pollution Control Agency

Prepared by: Steven Hennes, Environmental Research Scientist

July 29, 2004

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................ ii 1.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 2.0 METHODS ......................................................................................................................... 2

2.1 Sampling ......................................................................................................................... 2 2.1.1 Sediment ................................................................................................................. 2 2.1.2 Biota........................................................................................................................ 2

2.1.2.1 Invertebrates........................................................................................................ 2 2.1.2.2 Aquatic Plants ..................................................................................................... 3

2.2 Sediment and Tissue Chemical Analysis........................................................................ 3 2.3 Laboratory Exposure Tests ............................................................................................. 3

2.3.1 Toxicity Tests.......................................................................................................... 3 2.3.1.1 Hyalella azteca (amphipod) 28-Day Test ........................................................... 3 2.3.1.2 Chironomus tentans (midge) Partial Life-Cycle Test ......................................... 4 2.3.1.3 Typha latifolia (cattail) 17-Day Test................................................................... 4 2.3.1.4 Zizania aquatica (wild rice) 10-Day Test........................................................... 4

2.3.2 Bioaccumulation Test ............................................................................................. 4 2.3.2.1 Lumbriculus variegatus (Oligochaete Worm) 28-Day Test ............................... 4

2.4 Data Management ........................................................................................................... 4 3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......................................................................................... 5

3.1 Sediment Chemistry........................................................................................................ 5 3.2 Laboratory Exposure Tests ............................................................................................. 5

3.2.1 Toxicity Tests.......................................................................................................... 5 3.2.1.1 Hyalella azteca 28-Day Test............................................................................... 5 3.2.1.2 Chironomus tentans Partial Life-Cycle Test....................................................... 6 3.2.1.3 Typha latifolia 17-Day Test ................................................................................ 6 3.2.1.4 Zizania aquatica 10-Day Test............................................................................. 6

3.2.2 Lumbriculus variegatus Bioaccumulation Test ...................................................... 6 3.3 Field-Collected Organism Tissue Residues .................................................................... 7

3.3.1 Benthic Invertebrates .............................................................................................. 7 3.3.2 Aquatic Plants ......................................................................................................... 8

3.4 Weight of Evidence Evaluation to Determine Effects Threshold Ranges...................... 9 4.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 11

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LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Sediment Chemistry Analytes and Methods Table 2. Tissue Chemistry Analytes and Methods Table 3. Analytical Chemistry Data for SLRIDT Site and North Bay Sediment Samples

collected in 10/2001 Table 4. Hyalella azteca 28-day toxicity test results. Table 5. Chironomus tentans partial life-cycle test results. Table 6. Typha latifolia 17-day toxicity test results. Table 7. Zizania aquatica 10-day toxicity test results. Table 8. Lumbriculus Tissue Chemistry Data for SLRIDT Site and North Bay Samples Table 9. Lumbriculus Biomass for SLRIDT Site and North Bay Samples Table 10. Field-collected Invertebrate Tissue Chemistry Data for SLRIDT Site and North Bay

Samples Table 11. Aquatic Plant Tissue Chemistry Data for the SLRIDT Site and North Bay LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Bay West 2001 Sampling Locations Figure 2. Hyalella 28-day Survival Compared to Sediment TPAH Concentration Figure 3. Chironomus 28-day Survival Compared to Sediment TPAH Concentration Figure 4. Lumbriculus Tissue TPAH Concentration Compared to Sediment TPAH Concentration Figure 5. Lumbriculus Biomass Compared to Sediment TPAH Concentrations Figure 6. Lumbriculus Biomass Compared to Tissue TPAH Concentrations Figure 7. Field-collected Invertebrate Tissue TPAH Concentration Compared to Sediment

TPAH Concentration Figure 8. Comparison of Field-collected and Laboratory Invertebrate Tissue TPAH

Concentration Figure 9. Comparison of Field-collected and Laboratory Invertebrate Tissue TPAH with

Sediment TPAH Concentrations Figure 10. Aquatic Plant Tissue TPAH Concentration by Location Figure 11. Aquatic Plant Tissue TPAH Compared to Sediment TPAH Concentrations Figure 12. Multiple Effects Endpoints (normalized to control) Plotted Against Sediment TPAH

Concentrations

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This report summarizes the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) evaluation of the ecological effects data that were used to determine the Remedial Action Objectives (RAOs) and Cleanup Levels for remediation of contaminated sediments at the St. Louis River/Interlake/Duluth Tar Superfund Site (Site). As a part of the re-opened RI/FS process for the SLRIDT site, reviewers from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR), and the Tribal Agencies identified data gaps related to the development of RAOs and Cleanup Levels that would be protective of the environment. To address these data gaps, a Technical Advisory Group (TAG) consisting of technical experts from the above agencies identified ecological effects of concern (assessment endpoints) and recommended specific data collection activities (measurement endpoints). The data collection activities included the following:

• Collection of sediment samples which span a gradient of sediment PAH concentrations at the Site, as well as samples from a reference area, for chemical analysis and laboratory exposure testing. The sediment concentration gradient should encompass the lower range of PAH concentrations to allow estimation of effects thresholds for the more sensitive endpoints because earlier testing had already established effects at high concentrations.

• Collection of co-located benthic invertebrate and submergent aquatic plant samples at

each sediment location to be analyzed for tissue residues of Contaminants of Concern (COCs).

• Performance of longer term (e.g. 28 day Hyalella test) laboratory sediment toxicity tests

on benthic invertebrates and aquatic plants.

• Performance of a laboratory bioaccumulation test using a benthic invertebrate.

• Collection of fish with limited home ranges from the Site and reference area for tissue residue analyses. (This data was collected but is not included in this report because it was not used directly in the development of RAOs and Cleanup Levels. The fish data may be used by the Natural Resource Trustees for injury determination).

In 2001, the MPCA hired Bay West Inc. (Bay West) to collect the field data for laboratory analysis. The purpose of this report is to present a summary of the results of that effort and to determine effects threshold concentration ranges to be used in setting the RAOs and Cleanup Levels for the Site.

2.0 METHODS

2.1 Sampling

Details of the sampling and analysis methods can be found in the Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) (Bay West 2001). In general, samples were analyzed for the following COCs: • Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) • Metals (Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Mercury, Lead, Nickel, Zinc) Sample collection procedures are briefly summarized below.

2.1.1 Sediment

Surficial sediment samples (approximately the upper 6 inches) were collected from locations previously selected based on reconnaissance sampling. Seven locations in Stryker Bay, seven locations in Keene Creek Bay, and five locations in the North Bay reference area were sampled (Figure 1). Approximately 40-50 gallons of sediment were collected using an Ekman dredge from an anchored barge with a moon pool through which the dredge was lowered. Multiple dredge lifts (necessary to obtain the required sample volume) were taken from an approximately 30 square foot area at each location by rotating the moon pool around the marked sampling point. Sediment was pooled and homogenized in a 50 gallon tub before subsampling for chemical analyses and/or exposure testing.

2.1.2 Biota

2.1.2.1 Invertebrates

Sediment sampling for benthic invertebrate organisms was based on a method described in Thijssen et. al, 1997. Benthic invertebrates were collected from each sediment sampling location by sieving a portion of the collected sediment until a sufficient mass of organisms for residue analysis was obtained. The sediment samples were initially screened in the field through a 500-micrometer mesh sieve to separate the organisms from a large portion of the sediments. The organisms and some sediment were retained on the screen and subsequently washed into one-gallon plastic jars using water from the river. The targeted sample mass was 3 grams of tissue. Organisms were sent to the University of Wisconsin-Superior where they were sorted, identified, rinsed, allowed to purge gut contents, blotted dry, weighed and frozen in preparation for chemical analyses. Targeted invertebrates were oligochaetes (worms) and chironomids (midge larvae). However, oligochaetes were not found in sufficient size or volume in any of the sample locations. In addition, chironomids were not found in sufficient numbers in some locations. Therefore, amphipods and tricopterans (caddisfly larvae) were also collected to fill the data gap. At a few locations, there were insufficient organisms of any kind present to provide adequate sample volume for tissue analyses. Tissue samples were analyzed for COCs and lipid content.

2.1.2.2 Aquatic Plants

Rooted submergent aquatic plants were also collected from each sediment sampling location for plant tissue residue analysis. Whole plants, including roots, were separated from sediments, rinsed free of sediment with river water, separated by species and placed in labeled plastic bags. Species collected in sufficient quantity for analysis at most sites were Myriophyllum exalbescens (northern watermilfoil), Valisneria americana (wild celery) and Potamogeton zosteriformis (flat-stemmed pondweed); but all three species were not present at all sites. Plant tissue samples were analyzed for COCs.

2.2 Sediment and Tissue Chemical Analysis

Laboratories, analytical methods and analytes are summarized in Tables 1 and 2 and detailed in the QAPP (Bay West 2001).

2.3 Laboratory Exposure Tests

All laboratory exposure tests were conducted by ASci Corp. in Duluth, MN. Laboratory Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) can be found in Appendix 17 of the QAPP (Bay West 2001). Control sediment used for all tests (except the bioaccumulation test) was collected from West Bearskin Lake in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Cook County, MN. This sediment has been routinely used as a control because it contains low levels of contaminants and results in acceptable survival of test organisms as required by testing protocols.

2.3.1 Toxicity Tests

Reconnaissance sampling was used to target a range of desired PAH concentrations for laboratory tests. Due to the heterogeneous nature of Site sediments, the final Site samples did not provide the expected range of concentrations. Therefore, two sediment samples with relatively high PAH concentrations were used to prepare sediment dilutions to attempt to cover the range of desired PAH concentrations. To prepare dilutions, samples were blended with West Bearskin control sediment. Several samples with higher than expected PAH concentrations, including the two samples used to prepare dilutions, were not used in toxicity tests because of anticipated high mortality rates.

2.3.1.1 Hyalella azteca (Amphipod) 28-Day Test

ASci-Environmental Testing Laboratory (ASci-ETL) performed a 28-day Hyalella azteca test with sediment samples from the lower Site and North Bay reference area (ASci 2002a). The 28-day test was performed to measure the effects of the selected sediment samples to Hyalella azteca (freshwater scud). The test was performed to measure both bulk sediment toxicity and the potential toxicity of bioaccumulated polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) when activated by ultraviolet (UV) light. The Hyalella azteca test endpoints were survival, growth (weight and length), and UV-induced mortality. At the end of the 28 day exposure, three replicates were exposed to UV-A light at an intensity of 65 microwatts per square centimeter (µW/cm2) for four hours and then additional mortality was recorded 20 hours after the end of exposure. This level of UV-A was selected to approximate the midsummer, midday, clear sky UV-A intensity at 30 centimeter water depth in Stryker Bay, based on field measurements of UV attenuation performed by staff of the USEPA Duluth Environmental Research Laboratory.

2.3.1.2 Chironomus tentans (Midge) Partial Life-Cycle Test

ASci-ETL performed a modified life-cycle Chironomus tentans test with sediment samples from the Site and North Bay reference area (ASci 2002b). The life-cycle test was performed to measure the effects of the selected sediment samples with a range of contaminant concentrations to Chironomus tentans (midge), and the potential toxicity of bioaccumulated PAHs when activated by ultraviolet radiation. The Chironomus tentans test endpoints were survival, growth, emergence, and UV-induced mortality. At the end of the 20 day exposure, three replicates were exposed to UV-A light at an intensity of 65 µW/cm2 for four hours and then additional mortality was recorded 20 hours after the end of exposure.

2.3.1.3 Typha latifolia (Cattail) 17-Day Test

ASci-ETL performed a 17-day Typha latifolia test with sediment samples from the Site and reference area (ASci 2003a). The 17-day test was performed to measure the effects of the selected sediment samples to Typha latifolia (cattail). The Typha latifolia test endpoints were 7 day germination, 17-day germination/survival, and growth (ash-free dried weight).

2.3.1.4 Zizania aquatica (Wild Rice) 10-Day Test

ASci-ETL performed a 10-day Zizania aquatica test with sediment samples from the Site and North Bay reference area (ASci 2003b). The 10-day test was performed to measure the effects of the selected sediment samples to Zizania aquatica (wild rice). The Zizania aquatica test endpoints were survival and growth (weight and length).

2.3.2 Bioaccumulation Test

Undiluted field samples from the Site and North Bay reference area were used for the bioaccumulation tests.

2.3.2.1 Lumbriculus variegatus (Oligochaete Worm) 28-Day Test

AScI-ETL performed 28-day bulk sediment exposures to determine the potential for bioaccumulation of contaminants by the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus (ASci 2002c). At the end of 28 days the organisms were collected and allowed to purge gut contents, blotted dry, weighed and frozen in preparation for COC and lipid analysis.

2.4 Data Management

Sediment chemistry, toxicity, and tissue residue data were entered into a NOAA Query Manager database to facilitate analysis. The database as well as the Query Manager program are available at the following web address: http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/cpr/watershed/watershedtools.html

3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Sediment Chemistry

Sediment chemistry results are presented in Table 3. TPAH concentrations in the 14 samples collected at the Site ranged from 5.1 to 1,899 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), whereas TPAH concentrations in the five North Bay reference area samples ranged from 0.41 to 1.48 mg/kg (with a mean concentration of 1.1 mg/kg). The TPAH Probable Effects Concentration quotient (PEC-Q), the ratio of the sediment concentration of TPAH to the MacDonald et al. (2000) PEC value for TPAH, ranged from 0.2 to 83 for Site samples, compared to a range of 0.02 to 0.06 for North Bay. Mean Probable Effects Concentration Quotients (mean PEC-Qs) for summed individual PAHs ranged from 0.3 to 214, compared to 0.03 to 0.11 for North Bay. Equilibrium partitioning-based sediment benchmark toxic units (without an uncertainty factor; EPA 2002) ranged from 0.3 to 64 for Site samples, while North Bay samples had a range of 0.03 to 0.08. Although the highest concentration for each non-mercury metal except chromium occurred in Site samples, ranges for all these metals overlapped with and in general were not significantly different from North Bay concentrations. Mean PEC-Qs for metals ranged from 0.1 to 0.55 for Site samples, similar to the range of 0.19 to 0.38 for North Bay. Similar results were observed for mercury: Site concentrations ranged from 0.013 to 0.5 mg/kg, compared to 0.08 to 0.39 mg/kg for North Bay. No obvious relationships were observed between sediment metals and PAH concentrations. The Site sediments tended to have a somewhat coarser grain size and higher solids content than North Bay sediments, although the ranges overlapped, and had a broader range of TOC concentrations than North Bay.

3.2 Laboratory Exposure Tests

Detailed results of the laboratory exposure tests can be found in the laboratory reports (ASci 2002a, 2002b, 2002c, 2003a, 2003b). Additional statistical analysis of the Hyalella and Chironomus test data was performed by Donald MacDonald of the NOAA Coastal Protection and Restoration Program. Laboratory exposure test results are summarized here.

3.2.1 Toxicity Tests

3.2.1.1 Hyalella azteca 28-Day Test

Sediments were classified as toxic when they were significantly different from the control or reference sediments. Using this criterion, all but four Site samples tested exhibited reduced survival compared to the control or North Bay sediments (Table 4). An additional sample was identified as causing significant effects when the growth as dry weight endpoint is included. Effects generally increased with increasing sediment TPAH concentrations (Figure 2). Stryker Bay sediments appeared to be more toxic than Slip 7 sediments. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) and Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) for reduced survival or growth are estimated to be between 1.5 - 5 mg/kg and between 5 – 15 mg/kg, respectively. Exposure to UV light for 4 hours after the 28 day sediment exposure resulted in significantly increased mortality within 24 hours in four Stryker Bay stations. This photoenhanced toxicity

indicates that PAHs were likely responsible for the toxicity and that the organisms were accumulating sufficient tissue PAHs from the sediments for this effect to be potentially significant. The threshold for the phototoxic effect under the conditions tested was between 33 and 47 mg/kg sediment TPAHs.

3.2.1.2 Chironomus tentans Partial Life-Cycle Test

The same criteria used in the Hyalella azteca test were used to classify sediments as toxic. Seven samples tested caused significant reductions in survival after 20 days of exposure, fewer than for the Hyalella test (Table 5). No additional samples were classified as having significant effects when the growth as dry weight endpoint was included. Four samples with the highest sediment TPAH concentrations resulted in reduced emergence of adults, including one sample (K6C) which did not cause reduced survival. As for Hyalella, Stryker Bay sediments appeared to be more toxic than Slip 7 sediments (Figure 3). The estimated TPAH NOEC and LOEC for reduced survival, growth or emergence are 29 and 33 mg/kg. Exposure to UV-A light for 4 hours after the 28 day sediment exposure resulted in significantly increased mortality within 24 hours in the same four Stryker Bay stations as for Hyalella, plus one station (K7) in Slip 7 (Table 5). This photoenhanced toxicity indicates that sediment PAHs were probably responsible for the toxicity and that the organisms were accumulating sufficient body burdens of PAHs from the sediments for this effect to be potentially significant in the field. The threshold for the phototoxic effect under the conditions tested was between 33 and 47 mg/kg sediment TPAHs.

3.2.1.3 Typha latifolia 17-Day Test

Five sediment samples (K1, K12, K13, S6, and S8) tested caused significant reductions in both germination and 17-day survival of cattail seedlings (Table 6). Four of these sediment samples had TPAH concentrations greater than 100 mg/kg; the fifth sample (K1) had only 5 mg/kg TPAH. None of the test sediments significantly reduced the ash-free dry weight of the cattail seedlings harvested at the end of the test. Longer duration of testing may have resulted in a greater incidence of effects.

3.2.1.4 Zizania aquatica 10-Day Test

None of the sediment samples appeared to affect survival or growth of wild rice seedlings exposed for 10 days (Table 7). Longer duration of testing may have been required for effects to become evident.

3.2.2 Lumbriculus variegatus Bioaccumulation Test

PAHs Lumbriculus exposed to site sediments for 28 days accumulated tissue residues of TPAHs ranging from 0.5 to 62.9 mg/kg wet weight (Table 8). In comparison, residues in North Bay samples ranged from 0.03 to 0.08 mg/kg (mean concentration of 0.056 mg/Kg). Lumbriculus from all Site sample locations accumulated significantly more TPAHs than the North Bay reference area, with tissue concentrations ranging from 9 to 1110 fold higher (Table 8). Lumbriculus tissue TPAH concentrations increased in a concentration dependent manner with sediment TPAHs (Figure 4). Lumbriculus exposed to station S8 sediment, with the highest PAH concentration (TPAH = 1899 mg/kg) avoided burrowing into the sediment and suffered some mortality, but still accumulated the highest tissue residues (62.9 mg/kg). Complete mortality

occurred in the Site sediment with the next highest TPAH concentration (K12; 209 mg/kg), and significant mortality occurred in the third highest concentration sediment (K13; 184 mg/kg). Lumbriculus biomass (as wet weight; a measure of the combined effects of mortality and growth inhibition) declined in a concentration dependent manner with increasing sediment TPAHs (Table 9) (Figure 5) and with increasing tissue TPAH concentration (Figure 6). Lowest mass was observed for station S8, the sample with the highest sediment TPAH concentration. Average masses were significantly lower than the mean North Bay mass at all but one site station (S4, 5.1 mg/kg TPAH). However, because station K1, also with 5.1 mg/kg TPAH, did have reduced biomass, the sediment PAH NOEC and LOEC concentrations are both 5.1 mg/kg. Reductions in biomass were observed when tissue concentrations of TPAHs were between 0.5 and 1.4 mg/kg. Therefore, the tissue TPAH NOEC and LOEC for biomass reduction are 0.5 and 1.4 mg/kg, respectively. Metals Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead and nickel were below detection limits in most tissue samples (Table 8). Of metals for which there was more than one detection, chromium was detected only in some replicates in reference area samples, and lead was detected only in some replicates in several Site samples. Mercury was detected in all tissue samples, but concentrations did not differ between reference and Site samples. Copper and zinc concentrations were somewhat higher in Site samples than in reference area samples, but did not exhibit any relationship with sediment concentrations.

3.3 Field-Collected Organism Tissue Residues

3.3.1 Benthic Invertebrates

Amphipods, chironomids and tricopterans were the most abundant organisms of sufficient size to provide adequate mass for tissue residue analyses across the most stations, so these organisms were selected for analysis. Three stations (S4, S8 and K12) had too few organisms to do any tissue analysis; two of these stations (S8 and K12) also had the highest sediment TPAH concentrations (1899 and 209 mg/kg, respectively). Seven stations had sufficient quantities of all three taxa to analyze tissue residues for all three. The remaining stations had analyses performed for two of the three taxa. PAHs Tissue concentrations of TPAHs ranged from 0.3 to 29 mg/kg wet weight for Site stations, compared to a range of 0.1 to 0.4 mg/kg (mean concentration of 0.23 mg/Kg) in the North Bay reference area (Table 10). One or more taxa from all of the stations which had sufficient organism mass had TPAH residues which were significantly higher than the mean North Bay concentration for all taxa combined. When individual taxa are examined, it is apparent that tricopterans and chironomids accumulated generally similar residues, but consistently accumulated higher body burdens than amphipods at a given station (Table 10). This would be expected given that amphipods live more at the water column/sediment interface and thus likely have less direct sediment contact than the other two taxa. The three stations at which amphipods were analyzed with the lowest sediment TPAH concentrations (K1 - 5 mg/kg; S2 - 15 mg/kg; and K11 - 29 mg/kg) did not have significantly higher residues in amphipods than the reference area mean for amphipods, while all of the remaining stations did, with concentrations ranging

from 4 to 28 fold higher. For chironomids and tricopterans, all stations were significantly higher than their respective reference area means, with concentrations ranging from 5 to 213 fold higher. For all three taxa, tissue TPAH concentrations exhibited a general concentration dependent increase with sediment TPAH concentrations (Figure 7). Metals Arsenic, cadmium, and nickel were below detection limits in all or nearly all samples (Table 10). Chromium was detected only in chironomids in some site and reference samples at similar concentrations. Lead was also detected only in chironomids, but only in three Site samples and at relatively low concentrations. Copper, mercury and zinc were detected in all samples, but there were no significant differences between Site and reference stations. Copper concentrations were highest in amphipods and lowest in chironomids; mercury was highest in chironomids; and zinc was highest in tricopterans and lowest in amphipods. Comparison to laboratory bioaccumulation in Lumbriculus Overall, concentrations of TPAHs in field-collected organisms were roughly similar to concentrations bioaccumulated by laboratory-exposed Lumbriculus after 28 days of exposure (Figure 8), and concentrations generally tracked those in Lumbriculus and sediments (Figure 9). Concentrations in chironomids and tricopterans from the field were more similar to those in Lumbriculus than were amphipod concentrations, which tended to be lower. In Lumbriculus, reductions in biomass were observed when tissue concentrations of TPAHs were between 0.5 and 1.4 mg/kg, i.e., the NOEC and LOEC, respectively for biomass reduction in Lumbriculus. The critical body burden approach predicts that toxic effects in different organisms will occur at similar tissue concentrations of the toxicant (EPA 2002). Therefore, the tissue residue based effects thresholds for Lumbriculus should approximate toxicity thresholds in other benthic invertebrates and can be applied to the field-collected organisms. Making this assumption, it is predicted that growth and/or mortality is occurring to sediment burrowing invertebrates at locations where tissue residues exceed the midpoint between the NOEC and LOEC, 0.95 mg/kg TPAHs. Chironomid tissue residues exceeded both the NOEC and LOEC at all stations, and tricopteran residues exceeded the NOEC at all stations and the LOEC at all but two stations, indicating that sediment concentrations greater than 5 mg/kg TPAHs are likely impacting organisms that live in intimate contact with sediment such as these. Anecdotal support for the predictability of effects in field organisms from Lumbriculus comes from the observation that virtually no invertebrates were found in the sediment at station S8, the same sediment which Lumbriculus avoided burrowing into in the lab.

3.3.2 Aquatic Plants

Three species of submerged aquatic plants, Myriophyllum exalbescens (northern watermilfoil), Valisneria americana (wild celery) and Potamogeton zosteriformis (flat-stemmed pondweed) were the plants that provided adequate mass for tissue residue analyses across most stations, so these organisms were selected for analysis. Valisneria and Myriophyllum both occurred in sufficient quantity at all North Bay reference area and Stryker Bay stations. Therefore, they were selected for analysis there, but did not occur at all of the Slip 7 stations, so Potamogeton was chosen as an additional species in Slip 7 to provide complete coverage of the stations. All three species were analyzed at three stations, to allow comparison of tissue residues among the species.

PAHs Tissue concentrations of TPAHs in whole plants ranged from 0.4 to 25 mg/kg wet weight for Site stations, compared to a range of 0.01 to 1.2 mg/kg (with a mean concentration of 0.15 mg/Kg) in the North Bay reference area (Table 11). One or more species from all of the stations had TPAH residues which were significantly higher than the mean North Bay concentration for all taxa combined. The three species appeared to accumulate PAHs to approximately the same concentrations (Figure 10), with no consistent pattern of differences among species. All stations were significantly higher than their respective reference area mean concentrations, with concentrations ranging from 2 to 674 fold higher. Tissue TPAH concentrations did not exhibit as strong a relationship with sediment TPAH concentrations as did invertebrates (Figure 11). Metals Two metals, arsenic and cadmium, were detected at low levels in samples from three Site stations, but not in North Bay samples. For several other metals, including chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc, maximum concentrations were higher in Site samples than in North Bay samples, but no obvious relationship between plant tissue concentrations and sediment concentrations were observed. Mercury was below or only slightly above detection limits in all samples, with no apparent differences between North Bay and the Site. There were no obvious consistent patterns of differences in metals concentrations among the three plant species.

3.4 Weight of Evidence Evaluation to Determine Effects Threshold Ranges

Individual lines of evidence involving biological effects data often show somewhat variable results that can be difficult to interpret in isolation, but when data from multiple measurement endpoints are combined, often patterns become more evident. In an earlier evaluation of ecological effects data, MPCA concluded that acute toxic effects were likely occurring in benthic invertebrates exposed to sediments at the Site (MPCA 1999). However, determination of effects thresholds could not be made due to a lack of data at sediment PAH concentrations below those which resulted in mortality in short-term tests. The purpose of the 2001 data collection effort was to attempt to fill data gaps and obtain information on additional measurement endpoints which could be combined with the earlier data in a weight of evidence approach. In Figure 12, data for all of the measurement endpoints in this study for which effects were observed are presented along with endpoint data from the Site collected by IT Corp. (IT 1997) and the EPA 1995 R-EMAP study (10-day Hyalella and Chironomus survival and growth). All effects data are normalized to control or reference values so that all endpoints are presented on the same scale (i.e., percent of control response with a range of 0 to 100%). Tissue residue data were transformed by taking the inverse so that decreasing values on the y-axis represent increasing effect (i.e., increasing body burden & reduced biomass). Additionally, points representing “Effect” samples are shaded red, and “No Effect” samples are shaded green for ease of visually distinguishing patterns in the data. The endpoint data are all plotted against sediment TPAH concentration on the x-axis, because effects appear to be primarily related to this stressor at the site. For reference, the consensus-based sediment quality guideline Threshold Effects Concentration (TEC; 1.6 mg/kg) and Probable Effects Concentration (PEC; 23 mg/kg) for TPAHs from MacDonald et al. (2000) are indicated on Figure 12 along with the TPAH concentration of 13.7

mg/kg (0.6 x PEC) selected by MPCA as a preliminary remediation goal (PRG) for use in the Feasibility Study (FS). Sample points to the left of the TEC value represent data from the North Bay reference area, i.e., ambient background PAH concentrations. Sample data are limited between the TEC and PEC, but it is clear that effects begin to become evident within that range, and that the incidence of “Effect” samples rapidly increases in the vicinity of the PEC. Site-specific data appear to indicate that for this Site, the TPAH TEC and PEC values predict effects ranges relatively well for a variety of endpoints in benthic invertebrates and other organisms, and that the PRG value of 13.7 mg/kg was a reasonable level to use in identifying areas to be remediated for the FS. Therefore, a final TPAH RAO and Cleanup Level selected within the range between the TEC and the PEC would be supported by the site-specific data. The most protective level would be the TEC, which would be similar to ambient background. Reasonably protective values include 5 mg/kg, the lowest Site concentration for which effects data are available, or a midrange value between the TEC (1.6 mg/kg) and the PEC (23 mg/kg) such as the 13.7 mg/kg TPAH concentration selected as a PRG for the FS.

4.0 REFERENCES

ASci. 2002a. Results of 28-day Hyalella azteca Toxicity Tests with St. Louis River Sediments Samples Received September 25-October 18, 2001. ASci Corp.

ASci. 2002b. Results of Chironomus tentans Toxicity Tests with St. Louis River Sediments Samples Received September 25-October 18, 2001. ASci Corp.

ASci. 2002c. Summary of Test Results to Determine Bioaccumulation Potential of Selected Sediment Samples to Lumbriculus variegatus. ASci Corp.

ASci. 2003a. Results of 17-day Typha latipholia (Cattail) Toxicity Test with St. Louis River Sediments Samples Received September 25-October 18, 2001. ASci Corp.

ASci. 2003b. Results of 10-day Zizania aquatica (Wild Rice) Toxicity Test with Baywest Sediments Samples Received September 25-October 18, 2001. ASci Corp.

Bay West. 2001. Quality Assurance Project Plan, Saint Louis River/Duluth Tar/Interlake Superfund Site. October, 2001. MacDonald, D.D., C.G. Ingersoll, and T.A. Berger. 2000. Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 39:20-31. MPCA 1999b. MPCA Assessment of Sediment Contamination at the SLRIDT Superfund Site Using the Sediment Quality Triad Approach and Sediment Effect Concentrations. Thijssen, M. 1997. Body burdens of PAHs in benthic invertebrates from the Duluth-Superior Harbor. USEPA. 2000. Methods for Measuring the Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Sediment-associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates. Second Edition. EPA/600/R-99/064. USEPA. 2002. Procedures for the derivation of equilibrium partitioning sediment benchmarks (ESBs) for the protection of benthic organisms: PAH mixtures. EPA 600-R-02-013.

Table 1. Sediment Chemistry Analytes and Methods

FINAL ANALYSIS (SEDIMENT)

ANALYTE LAB/ANALYTICAL METHOD

CONTAINER AND PRESERVATIVE HOLDING TIME

PAH Axys SW 846 8270

8 oz amber glass with teflon-lined lid, cool to 4 degrees C

14 days to extract, 40 days from extract to analysis

Dioxins/Furans Axys SW 846 8290

8 oz. Amber glass, cool to 4 degrees C 30 days to extract

Dioxins/Furan, expressed as 2,3,7,8 - TCDD equivalents

CAS SW 846 4425

8 oz. Amber glass, cool to 4 degrees C 30 days

VOCs EnChem EPA SW 846 8260 MDH 466F List

2 oz glass container with teflon-lined lid, methanol cool to 4 degrees C

14 days

Metals EnChem EPA Method 6020 8 oz glass 6 months

Mercury EnChem SW 846 6020 Included with other metals 28 days

Methyl-Mercury Frontier Geosciences Frontier SOP

8 oz. glass, cool to 4 degrees C 7 days

TOC EnChem EPA Method 150.1/9060

Included with metals 28 days

Total Cyanide EnChem SW 846 9012 Included with metals 14 days

Sulfate EnChem SW 846 9036 Included with metals 28 days

Semivolatiles EnChem SW 846 8081A

8 oz. Amber glass, cool to 4 degrees C


Particle Size CQM ASTM D422 Two 1 L plastic 28 days

PCBs EnChem SW 8460 8082 Included with metals


Table 2. Tissue Chemistry Analytes and Methods

BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE, FISH AND PLANT ANALYSES

(TISSUE) ANALYTE LAB/ANALYTICAL

METHOD CONTAINER AND PRESERVATIVE HOLDING TIME

PAH Axys SW 846 8270

5-gallon bucket, with subsequent invertebrate ID and sampling


Metals EnChem EPA Method 6020 Included with PAHs 6 months

Mercury EnChem EPA Method 6020 Included with PAHs 6 months

Table 3Analytical Chemistry Data for SLRIDT Site and North Bay Sediment Samples Collected in 10/2001

N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 S2 S4 S6 S8 S9 S11 S12 S12A S12B0-6" 0-6" 0-6" 0-6" 0-6" 0-6" 0-6" 0-6" 0-6" 0-6" 0-6" 0-6" Dilution Dilution

Analyte units of S12 of S12METALS

Arsenic mg/kg 4.6 4.5 3.7 4.8 3.1 1.5 2.2 5.1 2.8 1.8 6.7 3.8 3.2 3.4Cadmium mg/kg 0.77 1.1 0.67 1.1 0.43 0.24 0.39 1.3 0.6 0.29 1.4 0.76 0.46 0.5Chromium mg/kg 32 48 34 49 28 9.7 35 39 19 9.9 47 19 19 20Copper mg/kg 26 36 22 34 17 6.1 34 56 13 7.6 60 24 20 22Lead mg/kg 22 27 16 27 8.8 6.7 19 99 12 9.0 84 41 22 27Nickel mg/kg 22 32 24 32 20 11 17 30 14 9.3 36 16 20 20Zinc mg/kg 120 150 110 180 64 34 56 210 48 46 270 110 75 84Mean Metals PEC-Q 0.27 0.37 0.26 0.38 0.19 0.10 0.22 0.50 0.16 0.10 0.55 0.25 0.21 0.22

Mercury mg/kg 0.25 0.29 0.19 0.39 0.079 0.02 0.013 0.34 0.069 0.17 0.50 0.19 0.032 0.029Methyl mercury ng/kg 1.99 0.29 0.805 0.371 0.105 <0.010 0.013 0.15 1.55 0.266 0.103 0.115 - -Cyanide mg/kg <1.8 <2.4 <1.2 <1.7 <1.0 <0.69 <0.70 <1.5 33 <0.67 <1.9 <1.1 <1.4 <1.5Sulfate, soluble mg/kg 240 <100 150 120 200 <140 <140 330 210 <130 700 490 - -Grain size (% fines) % 74.2 82.5 83.8 86.1 68.7 12.9 14.8 56.1 51.3 7.3 93.7 31.3 - -Solids, percent % 28.1 20.5 41.2 30.3 49.6 72.6 75.1 33.2 56.6 75.1 26.7 47.0 34.5 34.1TOC % 5.9 6.2 3.2 3.0 2.0 0.39 1.1 9.1 5.0 0.75 8.0 13.0 2.4 6.9

PAHSAcenaphthene ug/kg 6.22 8.66 5.32 7.87 2.37 <46.5 <48.8 1230 78500 221 1070 1310 392 662Acenaphthylene ug/kg 5.6 5.99 6.54 7.34 2.82 181 <36.5 537 5820 369 557 955 322 544Anthracene ug/kg 21.6 24.9 19.9 26 8.18 295 151 23800 130000 1100 4100 5160 1580 2920Benz[a]anthracene ug/kg 56.6 72.1 70.7 84.1 24.3 1410 275 6600 87300 3830 5610 12000 3310 5400Benzo[b,j,k]fluoranthene ug/kg 120 177 119 182 49.1 2710 668 13200 92100 7990 12200 21600 6970 11100Benzo[g,h,i]perylene ug/kg 109 116 151 178 31.7 870 306 4500 29700 2710 3700 6600 2380 3840Benzo[a]pyrene ug/kg 108 121 149 158 37.1 1670 341 6880 64800 4040 6750 12200 4870 7430Chrysene ug/kg 64 114 122 52.6 32.6 1460 362 7720 83500 4200 6580 13000 4210 6900Dibenz[a,h]anthracene ug/kg 16.2 22.9 28.2 25.6 5.25 230 75.6 1280 8200 895 1110 1960 582 920Fluoranthene ug/kg 119 170 111 165 54.3 2270 656 13900 243000 8280 11600 24800 6290 9830Fluorene ug/kg 19.3 29.1 15.5 26.9 5.09 101 87.6 4200 83100 536 2540 2880 782 1070Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene ug/kg 46 66.1 48 68.4 18.2 913 292 5030 33200 3340 4330 8110 2580 40001-Methylnaphthalene ug/kg 25 51.1 24.4 43.9 10.7 <83.6 217 733 50300 116 1280 902 375 5352-Methylnaphthalene ug/kg 42.2 74.8 42.7 70.4 16.2 120 237 1560 61400 190 1900 1600 727 1050Naphthalene ug/kg 46.5 66.4 42 63.1 18.5 <150 <77.7 9380 228000 780 6590 6960 4940 6690Phenanthrene ug/kg 96.6 127 84.5 131 35.9 658 745 8240 384000 2200 5410 8180 2470 4090Pyrene ug/kg 135 155 146 185 53 1870 657 10900 236000 6610 9230 20600 5180 8550Total PAHs (TPAH) = sum 17 PAHs ug/kg 1037 1402 1186 1475 405 14758 5070 119690 1898920 47407 84557 148817 47960 75531

Individual PAHs Mean PEC-Q 0.08 0.11 0.09 0.11 0.03 0.81 0.32 9.57 213.92 2.75 6.59 9.90 3.44 5.35TPAH PEC-Q 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.02 0.64 0.22 5.20 82.56 2.06 3.68 6.47 2.09 3.28

Metals + Indiv. PAHs Mean PEC-Q 0.17 0.24 0.17 0.25 0.11 0.45 0.27 5.03 107.04 1.43 3.57 5.08 1.82 2.79Metals + TPAH Mean PEC-Q 0.16 0.22 0.16 0.22 0.11 0.37 0.22 2.85 41.36 1.08 2.11 3.36 1.15 1.75

PAH ESG-TUs (without uncertainty factor) 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.04 4.76 0.67 2.03 64.1 8.29 1.57 1.62 3.00 1.61

North Bay Stryker Bay

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Table 3Analytical Chemistry Data for SLRIDT Site and North Bay Sediment Samples Collected in 10/2001

Analyte unitsMETALS

Arsenic mg/kgCadmium mg/kgChromium mg/kgCopper mg/kgLead mg/kgNickel mg/kgZinc mg/kgMean Metals PEC-Q

Mercury mg/kgMethyl mercury ng/kgCyanide mg/kgSulfate, soluble mg/kgGrain size (% fines) %Solids, percent %TOC %

PAHSAcenaphthene ug/kgAcenaphthylene ug/kgAnthracene ug/kgBenz[a]anthracene ug/kgBenzo[b,j,k]fluoranthene ug/kgBenzo[g,h,i]perylene ug/kgBenzo[a]pyrene ug/kgChrysene ug/kgDibenz[a,h]anthracene ug/kgFluoranthene ug/kgFluorene ug/kgIndeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene ug/kg1-Methylnaphthalene ug/kg2-Methylnaphthalene ug/kgNaphthalene ug/kgPhenanthrene ug/kgPyrene ug/kgTotal PAHs (TPAH) = sum 17 PAHs ug/kg

Individual PAHs Mean PEC-QTPAH PEC-Q

Metals + Indiv. PAHs Mean PEC-QMetals + TPAH Mean PEC-Q

PAH ESG-TUs (without uncertainty factor)

K1 K4 K6 K6A K6B K6C K7 K11 K12 K13 K16A0-6" 0-6" 0-6" Dilution Dilution Dilution 0-6" 0-6" 0-6" 0-6" Dilution

of K6 of K6 of K6 Dup. of K6

2.6 3.4 9.9 4 3.8 4.5 4.5 1.8 9.3 9.8 3.20.29 0.91 1.1 0.59 0.50 0.48 0.53 0.35 1.0 1.0 0.415 27 38 22 20 20 28 17 33 34 2019 34 38 25 21 21 20 22 30 25 1928 52 81 30 29 32 25 21 140 130 2215 21 29 23 20 19 20 16 21 22 2047 110 270 97 95 110 100 63 280 270 75

0.17 0.31 0.49 0.25 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.18 0.52 0.50 0.21

0.023 0.050 0.20 0.018 0.023 0.028 0.087 0.026 0.14 0.13 0.0180.109 0.115 0.815 - - - 0.691 0.227 0.768 0.7243.8 2.2 5.6 <1.7 <1.5 1.6 <1.0 1.0 8.3 11 <1.4250 <180 1100 - - - 240 220 240 3908.9 27.2 66.9 - - - 82 7.4 71 62.463.7 55 39.9 29.7 32.8 39.8 48.4 69.3 48.1 41.9 36.32.7 3.2 8.4 5.8 6.9 5.3 5.1 1.6 6.0 11.0 2.7

<93 198 994 178 286 521 653 <94.9 1540 2460 110<93.5 135 1500 203 330 597 1110 188 3660 1350 140143 715 7090 1130 1760 3040 4580 2110 7190 9460 744257 1320 11100 1510 2350 4320 7280 2470 9850 9320 1040580 2560 15900 2620 3910 7180 11300 3390 15300 13700 1740149 1130 4430 690 1090 1980 3180 845 4560 3620 465205 1710 8500 1650 2660 4810 6540 1740 9480 7890 1170389 1630 11100 1690 2550 4610 7090 2640 9280 9410 1200132 280 1290 253 372 672 1020 287 1480 1090 173501 3210 19000 2590 4060 7490 14000 5260 17400 18900 1900

<120 356 3670 440 733 1440 2410 434 5380 5010 313198 1170 5540 775 1180 2400 3990 1130 5740 4430 538352 633 1910 291 521 911 835 179 6890 4450 214426 1020 5770 950 1690 2880 2420 221 20000 10900 661740 6970 43700 14300 24800 45800 25900 932 62900 51700 10000530 2100 11400 1630 2690 5130 8110 2610 15000 16100 1150518 2710 14500 2000 3070 5850 10300 4160 13400 14200 14105120 27847 167394 32900 54052 99631 110718 28596 209050 183990 22968

0.48 2.53 15.85 3.50 5.89 10.76 9.83 1.72 26.04 20.42 2.430.22 1.21 7.28 1.43 2.35 4.33 4.81 1.24 9.09 8.00 1.00

0.33 1.42 8.17 1.87 3.06 5.50 5.04 0.95 13.28 10.46 1.320.20 0.76 3.88 0.84 1.29 2.29 2.53 0.71 4.80 4.25 0.60

0.31 1.50 3.48 1.10 1.54 3.70 3.66 2.53 6.58 3.06 1.65

Keene Cr. Bay

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Table 4Hyalella azteca 28-day Toxicity Test Results

Control Control Control Dry Control Sample ID Survival Normalized Survival Normalized Length Normalized Weight Normalized

(%) (%) (%) (%) (mm) (%) (mg) (%)West Bearskin Control 90.0 100.0 93.3 100.0 3.50 100.0 0.43 100.0N7 75.7 84.1 60.0 64.3 3.70 105.7 0.48 111.6N8 75.0 83.3 86.7 92.9 3.38 97.1 0.41 95.4N9 75.0 83.3 83.3 89.3 3.16 91.4 0.34 79.1N10 80.0 88.9 80.0 85.7 3.48 100.0 0.37 86.1N11 na na na na 3.10 88.6 0.52 120.9Pooled North Bay 76.4 84.9 77.5 83.0 3.36 96.6 0.42 98.6S2 77.5 * 86.1 * 70.0 75.0 3.32 94.3 0.41 95.4S4 72.5 * 80.6 * 73.3 78.6 3.16 * 91.4 * 0.38 88.4S6 87.1 96.8 0.0 * 0.0 * 3.35 91.4 0.39 88.4S9 78.5 * 87.3 * 0.0 * 0.0 * 3.28 94.3 0.40 93.0S11 66.2 * 73.6 * 10.0 * 10.7 * 3.34 94.3 0.36 83.7S12A 66.2 * 73.6 * 63.3 67.9 3.48 100.0 0.47 109.3S12B 77.1 * 85.7 * 26.7 * 28.6 * 3.68 105.7 0.48 111.6K1 83.8 93.1 73.3 78.6 3.44 97.1 0.47 109.3K4 85.0 94.4 86.7 92.9 3.32 94.3 0.37 * 86.1 *K6A 75.0 * 83.3 * 66.7 71.4 3.58 102.9 0.48 111.6K6B 61.7 * 68.5 * 36.7 39.3 3.80 108.6 0.52 109.3K6C 77.5 * 86.1 * 93.3 100.0 3.42 97.1 0.40 93.0K7 64.3 * 71.4 * 43.3 46.4 3.65 105.7 0.55 127.9K11 68.6 * 76.2 * 60.0 64.3 3.56 102.9 0.58 134.9K16A 78.8 87.5 73.3 78.6 3.64 102.9 0.51 118.6

* = significantly lower than control or pooled reference at p < 0.05na = not included in analysis, excluded as an outlier due to extreme variability

Survival, No UV Survival, UV Growth, length Growth, weight

Table 5Chironomus tentans Partial Life-Cycle Toxicity Test Results

Control Control Dry Control Control Sample ID Survival normalized Survival normalized Weight Normalized Emergence Normalized

(%) (%) (%) (%) (g) (%) (%) (%)West Bearskin Control 90.3 100 72.2 100 1.23 100 53.3 100

N7 76.4 84.6 61.1 84.6 1.75 142.3 45.0 84.4N8 90.0 99.7 41.7 57.7 1.33 108.1 25.0 46.9N9 80.0 88.6 47.2 65.4 2.15 174.8 43.3 81.3N10 72.2 80.0 47.2 65.4 1.39 113.0 27.0 50.9N11 84.7 93.8 47.2 65.4 1.77 143.9 35.0 65.6

Pooled North Bay 80.7 89.4 48.9 67.7 1.68 136.4 35.1 65.8S2 88.1 97.6 72.2 100.0 1.55 126.0 35.0 65.6S4 82.1 91.0 75.0 103.9 1.85 150.4 46.7 87.5S6 46.4 * 51.4 * 19.4 * 26.9 * 2.94 239.0 20.0 * 37.5 *S9 78.6 * 87.0 * 0.0 * 0.0 * 1.63 132.5 45.0 84.4S11 54.8 * 60.7 * 0.0 * 0.0 * 1.36 110.6 28.3 * 53.1*

S12A 69.4 * 76.9 * 33.3 46.2 * 1.29 * 104.9 * 33.3 62.5S12B 52.8 * 58.5 * 30.6 * 42.3 * 1.61 130.9 25.0 * 46.9 *

K1 94.5 104.6 80.6 111.6 1.87 152.0 50.0 93.8K4 78.6 87.0 72.2 100.0 2.09 169.9 65.0 121.9

K6A 48.3 * 53.5 * 27.8 38.5 1.31 106.5 30.0 ** 56.3 **K6B 45.2 * 50.1 * 25.0 34.6 1.55 126.0 31.7 59.4K6C 70.2 77.8 55.6 76.9 1.32 * 107.3 * 20.0 * 37.5 *K7 88.1 97.6 25.0 * 34.6 * 1.83 148.8 38.3 71.1K11 82.1 91.0 77.8 107.7 1.69 137.4 48.3 90.6

K16A 82.1 91.0 83.3 115.4 1.74 141.5 36.7 68.8

* = significantly lower than control or pooled reference at p < 0.05** = significantly lower than control or pooled reference at p < 0.10

Survival, no UV Survival, UV Growth Emergence

Table 6Typha latifolia 17-day Toxicity Test Results

7-day 17-day Ash freeSample ID Germination Survival dry weight

(%) (%) (mg)West Bearskin Set #1 95 95 0.14West Bearskin Set #2 96.3 96.3 0.19

N7 100 98.8 0.45N8 96.3 97.5 0.2N9 97.5 96.3 0.13N10 93.8 92.5 0.17N11 96.3 95 0.18

Pooled North Bay 96.8 96 0.23S2 98.8 96.3 0.25S4 100 75 0.16S6 83.8 * 70 * 0.25S8 76.3 * 62.5 * 0.18S9 97.5 98.8 0.16S11 96.3 95 0.21

S12A 93.8 91.3 0.13S12B 97.5 97.5 0.16

K1 95 52.5 * 0.14K4 96.3 95 0.17

K6A 98.8 96.3 0.17K6B 98.8 100 0.19K6C 100 100 0.25K7 93.8 92.5 0.13K11 98.8 91.3 0.17K12 80 * 78.8 * 0.17K13 82.5 * 82.5 * 0.17

K16A 98.8 98.8 0.15

* Significantly different from control and reference

Endpoint

Table 7Zizania aquatica 10-day Toxicity Test Results

10-day Wet ShootSample ID Survival Weight Length

(%) (g) (cm) West Bearskin Control 97.5 0.5719 24.3

N7 100 0.6117 25N8 95 0.6126 23.4N9 95 0.6024 27.1N10 92.5 0.6061 22N11 100 0.6635 22.5

Pooled North Bay 96.5 0.6193 24S2 100 0.7022 23.6S4 100 0.6758 24.1S6 92.5 0.6048 22S8 97.5 0.7019 26.2S9 97.5 0.5677 24.7S11 100 0.6988 24.5

S12A 97.5 0.6292 23.9S12B 97.5 0.7089 21.5

K1 100 0.5635 25.4K4 95 0.5283 21.7

K6A 100 0.722 21.6K6B 100 0.6811 23.3K6C 92.5 0.6376 25.9K7 92.5 0.6068 24.5K11 97.5 0.6006 26.7K12 90 0.498 22.5K13 97.5 0.6902 26.1

K16A 92.5 0.6082 22.5

Endpoint

Table 8Lumbriculus Tissue Chemistry Data for SLRIDT Site and North Bay Samples

Sample number N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 S2 S4 S6 S8Analyte unitsMETALS

Arsenic mg/kg <1 <1 <1 <1 1.065 <1 <1 <1 <1Cadmium mg/kg <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1Chromium mg/kg 0.335 0.3 0.36 <0.3 0.425 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3Copper mg/kg 1.48 1.54 1.58 3.34 1.94 3.28 2.24 1.88 9.68Lead mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5Mercury mg/kg 0.017 0.0204 0.0162 0.0252 0.026 0.0238 0.0178 0.0132 0.0536Nickel mg/kg <0.5 0.88 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5Zinc mg/kg 27 29.8 29.4 35.8 30 38.6 32.8 34.8 102.4

Lipid % 1.01 0.58 0.69 0.97 0.94 0.94 1.17 1.14 na

PAHs Acenaphthene ug/kg 0.873 <0.899 0.492 0.754 0.178 2.004 1.928 145.6 274.5Acenaphthylene ug/kg 0.574 1.277 0.39 <0.415 0.0308 19.84 3.902 62.44 90.8Anthracene ug/kg 1.412 1.01 0.796 0.934 0.329 19.38 7.562 609.2 1786.8Benz[a]anthracene ug/kg 4.152 1.882 3.41 4.444 1.246 277.6 30.2 1528 5122Benzo[a]pyrene ug/kg 4.708 2.78 5.57 7.756 1.290 326 41.06 1952 5650Benzo[b,j,k]fluoranthenes ug/kg 9.244 6.818 7.44 13.08 3.44 856 128.9 4036 12446Benzo[g,h,i]perylene ug/kg 4.894 3.306 5.02 7.106 2.053 171.4 34.94 810.8 1515.4Chrysene ug/kg 8.34 5.054 6.45 7.636 2.774 385.6 73.34 2244 6556Dibenz[a,h]anthracene ug/kg <0.716 0.952 0.914 1.115 0.241 47.14 5.722 254.6 427.8Fluoranthene ug/kg 11.542 7.264 7.632 9.924 5.65 399.6 71.9 3720 12124Fluorene ug/kg 1.0402 0.896 0.748 1.135 0.364 5.042 3.838 353.2 360.2Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene ug/kg 2.252 1.797 1.696 2.865 0.908 164.4 23.74 799 18511-Methylnaphthalene ug/kg 1.395 1.268 1.348 1.302 0.734 1.48 1.936 5.784 24.562-Methylnaphthalene ug/kg 2.102 1.894 2.23 2.178 1.299 2.446 3.056 5.716 22.51Naphthalene ug/kg 4.48 3.008 2.898 3.252 2.284 3.16 4.554 13.15 37.64Phenanthrene ug/kg 4.97 3.014 3.102 3.684 2.224 23.94 23.06 616.6 4590Pyrene ug/kg 12.468 7.474 11.676 12.34 5.328 408.6 75.6 3022 11186Total PAHs ug/kg 73.5 44.3 59.5 78.4 27.9 3114 535 20178 62935

* Each value represents the mean of 5 replicate concentrations

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Table 8Lumbriculus Tissue Chemistry Data for SLRIDT Site and North Bay Samples

Sample numberAnalyte unitsMETALS

Arsenic mg/kgCadmium mg/kgChromium mg/kgCopper mg/kgLead mg/kgMercury mg/kgNickel mg/kgZinc mg/kg

Lipid %

PAHs Acenaphthene ug/kgAcenaphthylene ug/kgAnthracene ug/kgBenz[a]anthracene ug/kgBenzo[a]pyrene ug/kgBenzo[b,j,k]fluoranthenes ug/kgBenzo[g,h,i]perylene ug/kgChrysene ug/kgDibenz[a,h]anthracene ug/kgFluoranthene ug/kgFluorene ug/kgIndeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene ug/kg1-Methylnaphthalene ug/kg2-Methylnaphthalene ug/kgNaphthalene ug/kgPhenanthrene ug/kgPyrene ug/kgTotal PAHs ug/kg

S9 S11 S12 K1 K4 K6 K7 K11 K13

0.094 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1<0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1<0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.33.72 2.98 2.54 4.04 4.48 2.18 4.96 2.2 3.35<0.5 0.47 <0.5 0.68 <0.5 0.47 <0.5 <0.5 0.53

0.0242 0.0178 0.0162 0.0258 0.0248 0.0166 0.0254 0.014 0.0175<0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.547.8 38.8 37.2 48.6 54 38.6 53.2 35 39

1.56 0.59 0.89 0.62 0.5 1.04 0.73 0.82 na

16.55 67.36 139.8 1.475 1.452 31.6 9.156 1.986 22.28108.5 77.4 178.2 5.328 4.062 45.32 12.61 4.476 20.55137.6 409.4 375.2 18.96 11.40 113.2 83.94 22.84 148.51342 2000 3084 71.42 83.06 1390 459.8 94.46 848.52586 2412 4634 101.4 87.65 1400 403 91.6 873.35856 5108 9916 382.8 262.6 2720 873.2 350.8 17831810 1194 2310 80.26 48.84 408.6 117.8 51.74 307.31962 2634 4596 221 159.6 1632 568.2 230 1089499.2 372.4 650.4 13.54 9.514 151.6 34.16 11.78 95.12302 4198 6414 149.4 193.2 2806 1142 197.6 178042.8 123.0 215.8 4.664 3.894 51.44 38.62 5.422 39.781974 1244 2538 60.66 37.06 426.4 112.56 47.18 324.32.854 13.77 10.44 17.63 2.114 15.17 2.212 2.282 12.224.482 9.34 10.24 20.08 3.72 33.96 3.434 4.148 19.936.976 20.73 27.42 31.28 13.43 251.7 12.64 16.1 158.8125.1 519 328.4 27.6 10.00 124.5 117.7 16.88 234.82004 3570 5798 178.2 196.6 2346 931 189.4 1653

20780 23972 41226 1386 1111 13667 4922 1320 9409

* Each value represents the mean of 5 replicate concentrations

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Table 9Lumbriculus Biomass for SLRIDT Site and North Bay Samples

SignificantSediment Tissue difference

Sample TPAH TPAH Mean fromStation (mg/kg) (mg/kg) Biomass reference?

N7 1.04 0.074 6.13 -N8 1.40 0.044 6.33 -N9 1.19 0.060 7.02 -N10 1.48 0.078 6.01 -N11 0.41 0.028 6.56 -S2 14.8 3.11 4.95 yesS4 5.07 0.54 5.62 noS6 120 20.2 4.63 yesS8 1899 62.9 1.95 yesS9 47.4 20.8 4.45 yesS11 84.6 24.0 4.68 yesS12 149 41.2 3.69 yesK1 5.12 1.39 5.05 yesK4 27.8 1.11 4.15 yesK6 167 13.7 4.86 yesK7 111 4.92 4.83 yesK11 28.6 1.32 4.63 yesK12 209 na na naK13 184 9.41 3.03 yes

na = not analyzed due to 100% mortality of organisms

Table 10Field-collected Invertebrate Tissue Chemistry Data for SLRIDT Site and North Bay Samples

Analyte units Amphipod Tricopteran Amphipod Chironomid Amphipod Tricopteran Chironomid Tricopteran Chironomid Amphipod Tricopteran ChironomidMETALS

Arsenic mg/kg <0.98 <0.96 na <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.98 <1 <0.91 <1Cadmium mg/kg <0.098 <0.096 na <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.098 <0.1 <0.091 <0.1Chromium mg/kg <0.29 <0.29 na <0.31 <0.3 <0.3 0.35 <0.37 0.38 <0.3 <0.27 0.47Copper mg/kg 9.5 2 na 2.1 9.8 1.9 2.5 3 2.1 12 2.6 2.7Lead mg/kg <0.49 <0.48 na <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.49 <0.5 <0.45 <0.5Mercury mg/kg 0.014 0.014 na 0.015 0.0083 0.01 0.015 <0.015 0.02 0.0074 0.014 0.02Nickel mg/kg <0.49 <0.48 na <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.29 <0.5 <0.45 <0.5Zinc mg/kg 10 18 na 14 10 24 14 30 9.8 12 26 14

Lipid % 2.9 3.48

PAHsNaphthalene ug/kg 38.7 33.2 77.0 78.2 58.2 28.8 81.8 31.2 43.4 47.5 26.0 97.8Acenaphthylene ug/kg 1.71 0.870 2.53 <1.73 0.968 0.897 1.90 2.73 1.25 0.721 0.532 1.54Acenaphthene ug/kg 13.4 9.99 48.1 21.5 22.6 9.88 27.2 11.0 14.5 24.8 9.10 35.4Fluorene ug/kg 7.37 3.53 17.7 3.97 7.09 2.98 7.53 4.29 2.79 8.33 4.78 9.37Phenanthrene ug/kg 60.6 40.0 162 54 56.9 34.8 93.9 45.1 36.2 91.4 49.7 141Anthracene ug/kg 5.50 2.53 13.5 3.04 4.47 2.55 3.93 4.63 1.68 4.74 1.58 2.51Fluoranthene ug/kg 6.33 5.13 11.5 19.9 4.44 4.23 11.2 7.53 8.27 3.08 4.17 11.2Pyrene ug/kg 6.29 4.58 10.8 25.7 4.06 5.92 12.4 8.56 9.72 2.53 4.05 8.36Benz[a]anthracene ug/kg 4.34 1.93 4.85 3.33 2.32 4.77 2.97 3.58 2.42 2.50 1.07 1.81Chrysene ug/kg 4.37 2.96 7.61 4.77 8.78 9.80 5.75 5.17 4.83 2.36 2.15 4.10Benzo[b/j/k]fluoranthenes ug/kg 8.92 4.36 8.78 7.58 4.93 4.80 5.02 8.28 5.87 3.17 1.94 3.86Benzo[a]pyrene ug/kg 2.83 <0.881 4.11 <1.34 1.77 10.4 <2.09 2.05 1.67 1.14 <0.843 1.32Dibenz[ah]anthracene ug/kg <2.22 0.920 2.81 <1.11 4.43 2.73 <0.987 2.73 0.630 0.716 0.544 0.756Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene ug/kg 4.04 0.940 3.70 <1.14 0.953 1.52 1.06 4.16 2.00 0.894 <0.365 <0.929Benzo[ghi]perylene ug/kg 9.70 0.915 3.32 1.73 <0.992 5.74 <1.04 4.92 2.40 1.46 1.04 1.372-Methylnaphthalene ug/kg 15.5 7.04 31.8 20.7 21.6 12.8 31.4 14.9 13.5 18.2 8.96 28.71-Methylnaphthalene ug/kg 8.85 3.18 19.0 13.3 11.9 5.09 21.7 5.17 9.36 9.80 2.62 21.4Total PAHs ug/kg 198.5 122.1 429.1 257.7 215.4 147.7 307.8 166.0 160.5 223.3 118.2 370.5

na = not analyzed

N7 N8 N9 N10 N11

1 of 4


Analyte unitsMETALS


Lipid %

PAHsNaphthalene ug/kgAcenaphthylene ug/kgAcenaphthene ug/kgFluorene ug/kgPhenanthrene ug/kgAnthracene ug/kgFluoranthene ug/kgPyrene ug/kgBenz[a]anthracene ug/kgChrysene ug/kgBenzo[b/j/k]fluoranthenes ug/kgBenzo[a]pyrene ug/kgDibenz[ah]anthracene ug/kgIndeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene ug/kgBenzo[ghi]perylene ug/kg2-Methylnaphthalene ug/kg1-Methylnaphthalene ug/kgTotal PAHs ug/kg

na = not analyzed

S4 S8Amphipod Tricopteran Amphipod Tricopteran Chironomid Amphipod Tricopteran Tricopteran Chironomid

<1 na na <1 <1 <0.94 na <1 <1 <1 <1<0.1 na na <0.1 <0.1 <0.094 na <0.1 <0.17 <0.1 <0.1<0.3 na na <0.3 <0.3 <0.28 na <0.3 <1.1 <0.61 <0.38.1 na na 11 2.1 1.8 na 10 6.8 3 2.4

<0.5 na na <0.5 <0.5 <0.47 na <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.50.0098 na na 0.006 0.0046 0.0098 na 0.007 <0.031 <0.023 0.0082<0.5 na na <0.5 <0.5 <0.47 na <0.5 0.74 <0.5 <0.510 na na 12 21 12 na 12 45 15 11

0.98

38.0 70.8 na 52.1 27.2 135 na 41.5 64.90 80.2 55.902.00 3.12 na 8.68 4.04 14.7 na 10.0 12.60 44.9 38.7025.7 15.1 na 192 152 72.1 na 42.1 202.00 341 77.2017.4 12.2 na 369 285 157 na 59.2 246.00 336 68.4091.3 63.2 na 805 447 914 na 256 535.00 2460 529.0019.7 14.7 na 536 362 160 na 106 201.00 1230 72.2032.9 173 na 525 1110 2160 na 197 1010.00 8850 1270.0033.5 191 na 351 882 1270 na 152 799.00 7710 1130.005.88 26.3 na 46.6 140 226 na 23.4 172.00 1700 233.0010.4 66.7 na 90.1 310 585 na 47.9 341.00 2440 562.009.85 24.9 na 44.3 154 585 na 40.4 178.00 2250 856.004.20 14.3 na 14.9 85.1 143 na 16.3 123.00 1030 111.001.45 3.04 na 7.29 7.45 32.5 na 7.62 14.30 136 44.903.13 8.01 na 9.19 28.5 155 na 15.8 69.20 372 254.001.84 6.45 na <0.67 26.0 149 na 2.78 63.30 351 286.0014.2 17.2 na 20.1 7.04 34.6 na 15.1 32.00 45.2 20.507.92 8.67 na 13.4 5.70 19.4 na 8.78 24.40 55 15.60319.4 718.7 3085 4033 6812 1042 4088 29431 5624

S11S2 S6 S9

2 of 4


Analyte unitsMETALS


Lipid %


na = not analyzed

Amphipod Chironomid Amphipod Tricopteran Chironomid Tricopteran Chironomid Amphipod Tricopteran Chironomid Amphipod Tricopteran

<0.98 <1 <1 <1 na na na <1 <0.98 <1 <1 <1<0.098 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 na na na <0.1 <0.098 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1<0.29 0.43 <0.3 <0.32 na na na <0.3 <0.29 0.35 <0.46 <0.3

5.9 2.4 15 2.5 na na na 11 1.7 2.2 13 3.4<0.49 0.86 <0.5 <0.5 na na na <0.5 <0.49 0.6 <0.5 <0.50.0059 0.016 <0.01 <0.014 na na na 0.0061 0.0059 0.019 <0.017 0.0087<0.49 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 na na na <0.5 <0.49 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

7 14 12 24 na na na 10 23 13 12 40

2.08 1.98 0.68

47.4 159 54.3 36.6 146 78.4 288 31.5 668 723 61.5 89.232.2 35.0 2.44 1.26 4.43 2.95 12.2 7.5 24.7 15.9 9.89 10.3103 60.8 24.3 23.4 38.3 101.00 80.3 46.1 183 54.6 74.1 88.2153 81.1 11.8 12.2 18.4 40.30 37.6 53.6 296 49.0 107 175669 371 91.1 104 152 483.00 343 153 1020 276 656 992301 110 10.6 15.7 15.8 164.00 51.4 97.1 491 96.9 218 4462550 1940 13.9 201 252 835.00 442 523 2200 901 758 30301560 1550 15.5 269 306 871.00 419 347 1950 637 625 2730524 374 3.8 24.0 38.8 93.70 117 62.4 471 156 66.0 582743 948 9.21 146 171 174.00 290 120 559 396 173 805403 1170 7.77 19.7 189 30.90 333 40.1 443 388 47.4 424126 327 3.37 10.1 23.1 39.90 116 11.8 281 131 11.9 31857.9 712 1.43 1.27 6.45 3.82 17.2 5.79 19.3 30.3 6.11 19.868.0 377 1.87 3.66 36.1 12.30 85.7 5.87 70.7 74.6 6.84 67.268.8 324 2.63 4.38 41.4 10.70 69.1 13.9 59.9 67.7 11.3 64.416.8 35.0 17.8 22.5 39.8 20.40 55.7 9.22 33.4 61.3 25.4 18.811.6 21.0 10.7 8.05 27.1 12.10 35.7 5.62 29.8 28.9 15.9 8.927435 8595 282.5 902.8 1506 2973 2793 1534 8800 4087 2873 9869

K7S12 K1 K4 K6

3 of 4


Analyte unitsMETALS


Lipid %


na = not analyzed

K12Chironomid Amphipod Tricopteran Chironomid Amphipod Tricopteran

<0.88 <1 <1 <1 na <0.96 <1<0.088 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 na <0.096 <0.1

0.35 <0.3 <0.3 0.56 na <0.29 <0.31.6 12 2 2.3 na 9.4 2.7

<0.44 <0.5 <0.51 0.95 na <0.48 <0.50.025 0.007 0.009 0.016 na 0.0064 0.0046<0.44 <0.5 <0.51 <0.52 na <0.48 <0.5

11 11 24 15 na 9.9 22

1.05 2.14 4.04

411 33.2 43.8 192 na 77.2 10788.9 2.30 3.30 4.84 na 17.2 11.1145 25.4 71.5 64.0 na 214 177367 20.3 33.0 33.6 na 238 2202120 87.4 183 217 na 878 8651620 22.8 72.5 19.2 na 245 1553850 23.1 488 410 na 544 16502820 27.2 636 386 na 473 15601560 3.76 72.5 59.5 na 59.0 3341650 10.7 197 270 na 104 4671990 5.01 36.6 254 na 40.2 2351080 1.93 26.1 24.5 na 10.9 215119 0.921 1.79 6.27 na 6.03 13.4338 1.01 6.33 39.3 na 4.78 51.5277 1.09 6.59 33.7 na 4.95 42.871.2 12.9 18.9 49.2 na 26.0 43.340.7 7.96 13.4 30.2 na 28.2 33.2

18548 287.0 1910 2093 2970 6180

K11 K13

4 of 4

Table 11Aquatic Plant Tissue Chemistry Data for the SLRIDT Site and North Bay

Sample numberSLR-PL-N1 SLR-PL-N14 SLR-PL-N5 SLR-PL-N7 SLR-PL-N9 SLR-PL-N16 SLR-PL-N12 SLR-PL-N17

Analyte units Vallisneria Myriophyllum Vallisneria Myriophyllum Vallisneria Myriophyllum Vallisneria MyriophyllumMETALS

Arsenic mg/kg <0.98 <0.98 <0.88 <0.94 <1.0 <0.98 <0.94 <0.98Cadmium mg/kg <0.098 <0.098 <0.088 <0.094 <0.10 <0.098 <0.094 <0.098Chromium mg/kg 0.9 <0.29 0.5 0.78 2.2 0.42 0.31 1.4Copper mg/kg 3.7 1.5 38 3.7 6.2 0.98 2.3 3.2Lead mg/kg 0.89 <0.49 2.4 0.55 1.7 <0.49 <0.47 1.1Mercury mg/kg 0.01 <0.0049 <0.0048 0.0062 0.017 <0.0048 <0.0050 0.014Nickel mg/kg 0.96 <0.49 1.2 0.85 2 <0.49 0.94 1.6Zinc mg/kg 6.4 3.2 25 5.7 13 3.2 3.8 7.7

PAHsNaphthalene ug/kg 9.09 2.74 10.9 14.4 68.1 2.69 5.55 10.9Acenaphthene ug/kg 0.552 0.0701 0.607 0.431 1.82 0.0847 0.203 0.306Acenaphthylene ug/kg 0.616 0.214 0.453 0.575 38.7 0.308 0.418 1.95Fluorene ug/kg 1.43 0.294 1.63 1.52 42.3 0.473 1.61 2.03Phenanthrene ug/kg 5.03 1.14 3.5 4.79 224 1.23 3.25 8.01Anthracene ug/kg 0.97 0.161 0.778 1.17 62.4 0.192 0.74 2.12Fluoranthene ug/kg 6.92 1.48 5.8 7.79 177 1.78 5.56 7.34Pyrene ug/kg 6.65 1.54 4.81 6.56 143 1.51 3.77 6.6Benz[a]anthracene ug/kg 2.46 0.288 1.73 2.16 59.2 0.488 1.53 1.94Chrysene ug/kg 4.85 0.872 3.17 4.21 73.9 0.977 2.53 4.35Benzo[b,j,k]fluoranthene ug/kg 5.51 1.01 4.17 5.62 87.1 1.22 3.21 5.47Benzo[a]pyrene ug/kg 5.18 0.635 2.52 3.3 65.2 0.771 2.11 4.18Dibenz[a,h]anthracene ug/kg 0.732 <0.128 0.468 0.603 9.8 0.101 0.386 0.619Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene ug/kg 2.32 0.357 1.69 2.16 29 0.406 1.15 2.16Benzo[g,h,i]perylene ug/kg 4.55 0.702 2.54 3.42 34.6 0.814 1.86 5.182-Methylnaphthalene ug/kg 3.18 1.56 7.93 6.81 22.3 1.36 2.3 4.671-Methylnaphthalene ug/kg 1.99 1.12 4.5 4.07 12.3 0.845 1.3 2.53Total PAHs ug/kg 62.0 14.2 57.2 69.6 1151 15.2 37.5 70

N7 N8 N9 N10

1 of 5


Sample number

Analyte unitsMETALS


PAHsNaphthalene ug/kgAcenaphthene ug/kgAcenaphthylene ug/kgFluorene ug/kgPhenanthrene ug/kgAnthracene ug/kgFluoranthene ug/kgPyrene ug/kgBenz[a]anthracene ug/kgChrysene ug/kgBenzo[b,j,k]fluoranthene ug/kgBenzo[a]pyrene ug/kgDibenz[a,h]anthracene ug/kgIndeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene ug/kgBenzo[g,h,i]perylene ug/kg2-Methylnaphthalene ug/kg1-Methylnaphthalene ug/kgTotal PAHs ug/kg

SLR-PL-N13 SLR-PL-N18 SLR-PL-S5 SLR-PL-S6 SLR-PL-S1 SLR-PL-S3 SLR-PL-S13 SLR-PL-S15Vallisneria Myriophyllum Vallisneria Myriophyllum Vallisneria Myriophyllum Vallisneria Myriophyllum

<0.89 <0.88 <0.86 0.91 0.91 1.3 <0.91 <0.96<0.089 <0.088 <0.086 <0.088 <0.088 <0.10 <0.091 <0.096

0.52 0.65 0.36 1.5 1.7 31 0.47 0.314.7 1.9 1.0 23 6.5 8.1 1.6 3.7

<0.45 <0.44 0.5 3 2.6 3.7 1.9 0.76<0.0048 <0.0049 <0.0049 0.012 0.0089 0.0052 0.0073 <0.005

0.9 0.87 0.54 3.6 2.5 2.9 0.88 0.617.1 4.4 4.1 24 15 20 5.2 4.7

4.76 2.81 56.8 278 712 177 204 58.40.169 0.0875 8.03 99.8 22.7 7.95 42.3 15.70.328 0.346 16.7 98.8 2.07 1.98 11.5 6.510.851 0.396 19.2 143 39.2 15.5 78.2 24.62.18 0.927 123 833 1140 139 170 83.50.466 0.168 59.9 469 113 19.4 190 58.22.12 1.55 309 2550 187 82.8 348 2301.74 1.37 270 2160 228 77.9 274 1990.626 0.44 157 1550 182 38.2 114 92.11.35 1 196 1660 236 69.0 173 1311.63 1.22 326 2670 257 90.0 293 2120.845 0.646 208 1880 154 46.6 151 1340.119 <0.127 32.6 243 37.4 10.6 30.3 19.10.545 0.408 110 858 69.8 30.9 91.8 69.00.761 0.603 105 738 188 38.7 81.7 59.43.84 1.98 16.8 71.9 1790 246 32.9 19.9

2 1.05 9.54 44.8 1640 203 17.4 10.824.3 15.0 2024 16347 6998 1295 2303 1423

N11 S2 S4 S6

2 of 5


Sample number

Analyte unitsMETALS



SLR-PL-S18 SLR-PL-S20 SLR-PL-S16 SLR-PL-S17 SLR-PL-S7 SLR-PL-S8 SLR-PL-S9 SLR-PL-S10Vallisneria Myriophyllum Vallisneria Myriophyllum Vallisneria Myriophyllum Vallisneria Myriophyllum

<0.93 <2.4 <0.98 <0.93 <0.98 <0.86 <0.94 <0.91<0.093 <0.24 <0.098 0.1 <0.098 <0.086 <0.094 <0.091<0.28 <0.71 <0.29 <0.28 <0.29 <0.26 0.95 1.6

1.6 5.3 1.4 280 <0.98 35 51 4.6<0.46 <1.2 <0.49 12.0 <0.49 2 4.1 3.3

<0.0049 <0.01 <0.0049 <0.005 <0.0050 <0.0049 0.0078 0.0280.57 <1.2 <0.49 11 <0.49 0.5 7 24.1 5 8.7 170 2.8 23 39 15

44.8 14.7 25.6 21.7 18.3 21.5 1220 140030.8 7.44 4.62 6.28 4.99 4.36 143 1857.97 2.92 6.28 3.43 3.12 3.40 111 16256.8 4.29 11.6 7.00 5.37 5.22 222 274414 24 31.5 23.9 12.0 12.5 1060 120093.6 8.54 19.0 9.54 8.50 8.57 631 808805 145 139 77.2 85.6 47.9 2730 3370722 186 117 69.4 71.6 43.4 2230 2800237 66.3 48 21.0 35.5 19.9 1410 1680402 128 77.9 44.3 72.4 34.2 1780 2020376 129 150 78.2 89.8 69.9 3420 4350170 54.5 80.2 35.6 36.5 34.9 2450 293024.2 8.11 15.8 7.55 6.93 7.22 330 50489.8 37.2 60.4 28.7 26.3 27.1 1170 141079 29.2 55.7 25.5 25.6 26.6 1020 1270

13.3 8.02 7.11 7.22 6.13 10.6 251 2999.57 4.94 4.11 4.03 3.84 6.47 154 1803576 858 854 471 512 384 20332 24842

S8 S9 S11 S12

3 of 5


Sample number

Analyte unitsMETALS



K6SLR-PL-K6 SLR-PL-K8 SLR-PL-K9 SLR-PL-K1 SLR-PL-K2 SLR-PL-K17 SLR-PL-K4 SLR-PL-K19 SLR-PL-K5

Vallisneria Myriophyllum Potamageton Myriophyllum Potamageton Vallisneria Vallisneria Myriophyllum Potamageton

<0.93 <0.96 <1 <0.88 <0.88 <1.0 <0.94 <1.0 <0.93<0.093 <0.096 <0.1 <0.088 <0.088 <0.1 <0.094 <0.1 <0.093

0.98 1.2 0.81 <0.26 <0.26 0.94 0.56 0.38 0.4514 47 5.4 <0.88 2.4 2.6 9.3 3.4 2.55.4 8.6 7.5 <0.44 <0.44 3 1 0.64 0.65

<0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.01 <0.005 <0.0048 <0.0055.4 2.3 1.3 <0.44 <0.44 1.2 1.9 0.54 0.814 38 8.8 3.3 4 16 9.6 6.2 6.5

416 703 692 31.1 31.9 2700 2580 262 2424.8 8.25 7.64 3.07 6.33 67.9 68.7 11.6 9.21

17.1 29.4 25.5 0.688 0.889 54.7 105 11.8 16.525.2 41.3 43.4 5.01 11.3 131 199 29.4 21.3208 402 354 14.6 31.0 597 1170 97.7 10350 80.3 80.8 6.99 16.5 443 1060 63.1 50.8

167 278 261 80.1 113 1950 1760 184 295157 259 233 116 135 1530 1350 134 28877.4 121 124 19.8 41.1 604 944 77.9 138139 227 229 34.3 49.6 991 1000 96.6 156180 290 280 28.9 52.0 1280 1260 166 22576.1 127 118 11.8 19.1 813 889 88.1 11314.2 21.4 22.8 1.63 2.06 99.7 108 13 1346.8 76 74 5.51 8.25 303 329 40.2 4456.4 91.5 88.2 5.41 7.38 255 277 35.6 39.9440 635 653 6.61 10.7 232 427 34.9 28.9372 550 528 3.04 5.13 97.3 311 14.5 12.52447 3940 3814 375 541 12149 13838 1360 1796

K1 K4 K7

4 of 5


Sample number

Analyte unitsMETALS



K12SLR-PL-K10 SLR-PL-K12 SLR-PL-K13 SLR-PL-K3 SLR-PL-K14 SLR-PL-K15Vallisneria Myriophyllum Potamageton Potamageton Vallisneria Potamageton

<1.0 0.86 <1.0 <0.86 <0.96 <1.0<0.1 <0.086 0.11 <0.086 <0.096 0.11.6 3.5 2.1 0.29 0.31 0.6224 8.7 59 11 9.4 3.63.4 5.2 7.9 0.98 2.4 4.5

0.0054 0.0085 0.0072 <0.005 <0.0048 0.00644.5 5.2 4.2 1.3 0.79 1.322 24 51 12 9.4 10

151 382 200 337 725 14505.1 5.77 6.79 7.37 8.46 29

91.3 16 23.1 4.62 25.9 72.690.6 23.2 36.2 13.2 23.4 110948 139 342 41.0 108 552341 61.4 143 15.3 49 332907 245 496 124 292 922698 212 383 162 254 707239 110 184 68.7 107 434274 172 222 83.0 124 433282 276 252 125 148 659173 156 159 50.6 94.7 45217.5 26.3 18.9 6.34 10.4 42.564.4 97.8 60.9 19.7 32.7 14761.2 88.7 54.7 18.0 29.5 11748.5 168 76.1 31.6 73.6 15938.8 117 54 12.7 39.3 86.64430 2296 2712 1120 2145 6705

K13K11

5 of 5

Figure 2. Hyalella 28-day Survival Compared to Sediment TPAH Concentration

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Sediment TPAH (mg/kg)

Surv

ival

(%)

28-d No UV4-hr UV

Figure 3. Chironomus 20-day Survival Compared to Sediment TPAH Concentrations

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120


Surv

ival

(%)

20-d No UV4-hr UV

Figure 4. Lumbriculus Tissue TPAH Concentration Compared to Sediment TPAH Concentration

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000

Sediment TPAH (ug/kg)

Lum

bric

ulus

TPA

H (u

g/kg

)

Figure 5. Lumbriculus Biomass Compared to Sediment TPAH Concentrations

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 1000.0 10000.0


Lum

bric

ulus

Wet

Wei

ght (

g)

North BayStryker BayKeene Cr. Bay

Figure 6. Lumbriculus Biomass Compared to Tissue TPAH Concentrations

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

Tissue TPAH (ug/kg)

Lum

bric

ulus

Wet

Wt.

(g)

Figure 7. Field-collected Invertebrate Tissue TPAH Concentration Comparedto Sediment TPAH Concentration

10

100

1000

10000

100000

100 1000 10000 100000 1000000


Inve

rteb

rate

TPA

H (u

g/kg

)

AmphipodChironomidTricopteran

Figure 8. Comparison of Field-collected and Laboratory Invetebrate Tissue TPAH Concentrations

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

NB S4 S2 S9 S11 S6 S12 S8 K1 K4 K11 K7 K6 K13

Station

Tiss

ue T

PAH

(ug/

kg)

AmphipodChironomidTricopteranLumbriculus

Figure 9. Comparison of Field-collected and Laboratory Invertebrate Tissue TPAH with Sediment TPAH Concentrations

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

10000000

NB S4 S2 S9 S11 S6 S12 S8 K1 K4 K11 K7 K6 K13

Station

TPA

H (u

g/kg

) SedimentAmphipodChironomusTricopteranLumbriculus

Figure 10. Aquatic Plant Tissue TPAH Concentration by Location

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000N

7

N8

N9

N10

N11

AV

G S4

S2

S9

S11 S

6

S12 S

8

K1

K4

K11 K

7

K6

K13

K12

Sample location

Tiss

ue T

PAH

(ug/

kg)

VallisneriaMyriophyllumPotamogeton

Figure 11. Aquatic Plant Tissue TPAH Compared to Sediment TPAH Concentrations

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000

1E+07


Plan

t TPA

H (u

g/kg

)

VallisneriaMyriophyllumPotamogeton

Figure 12. Multiple Effects Endpoints (normalized to control) Plotted Against Sediment TPAH Concentrations

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000

Sediment TPAH Concentration (mg/kg)

Perc

ent o

f con

trol

Lumbriculus 28d Biomass - EffectLumbriculus 28d Biomass - NoEffectChironomus 10d Survival - EffectChironomus 10d Survival - NoEffectHyallela 10d Survival - EffectHyallela 10d Survival - NoEffectHyallela 10d Weight - EffectHyallela 10d Weight - NoEffectChironomus 10d Weight - EffectChironomus 10d Weight - NoEffectTypha 17d Survival - EffectTypha 17d Survival - NoEffectcHyallela 28d Survival - EffectHyallela 28d Survival - NoEffectHyallela 28d Length - EffectHyallela 28d Length - NoEffectHyallela 28d Weight - EffectHyallela 28d Weight - NoEffectChironomus 20d Survival - EffectChironomus 20d Survival - NoEffectChironomus 20d Weight - EffectChironomus 20d Weight - NoEffectChironomus Emergence - EffectChironomus Emergence - No EffectAmphipod Tissue - EffectAmphipod Tissue - NoEffectChironomid Tissue - EffectChironomid Tissue - NoEffectTricopteran Tissue - EffectTricopteran Tissue - NoEffect

13.7TEC PEC

appendix 3. evaulation of ecological effects data · appendix 3. evaulation of ecological effects...

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