Appendix 1: Fieldwork Risk Assessments and Approvals Flow Chart

Appendix 2a: Fieldwork Planning Checklist

General fieldwork planning checklist  (amended from Appendix 3 USHA (2010), this list is not exhaustive)  

What does the fieldwork involve?  Describe the general purpose and scope of the proposal  

   

Who is involved?

Is it individual field work / part of a staff/research group / unsupervised student/postgraduate work

Identify number and profile of participants - including anyone with special requirementsList of participants, contact details and more required to carried by all staff on course

 

  

Identify stakeholders  

 

Identify number of fieldwork leaders/supervisors/participants - level of supervision required, existing competencies, gaps and vacant roles   

Identify first aid / medical requirements

See guidelines on health and first aid in the field (Appendix 7)

  

 Identify any Third party providers required for travel, accommodation, catering, services, specific activities etc.     Identify other interested parties, e.g. government agencies, foreign embassies  

 When will it take place, and for how long?        Travel requirements:  

Where will the fieldwork take place, including all travel, stopovers and bases?Will it require any particular health considerations / vaccinations/ etc?Will it require any particular documentation / visas / passports / other?Will it require special transport of equipment?Will it require cultural integration/awareness training / translators/ etc.?

Why is this work necessary? What are the benefits - both to participants and in terms of research value  

   

How will the fieldwork be carried out? Give as detailed an itinerary and list of activities as is available.  

      

   Identify hazards, risk levels and, controls

See hazard identification and risk

profiling chart (Appendix 3b)

       

Have you completed a Risk Assessment Form? Have you submitted it to the Fieldwork Safety Committee?

See Risk Assessment forms (Appendix 4)

   Budgetary considerations:  Have health and safety costs been factored into proposals?  What are the projected costs for health and safety requirements?  Are there other logistical issues that need to be considered? E.g. access to cash, services, equipment, transport ..  

  

Insurance considerations:  

Does UCC insurance cover all aspects of the field work? Check for exceptions in e.g. travel to areas of instability, high risk field work activities, pre-existing medical conditions, pregnancy, insurance in emergency situations etc.

UCC insurance policies at

http://ocla.ucc.ie/General/insurance.asp

Access / permits / certification required:  Are there any specific permissions required for: See list of potential

licenses, permits, certifications required, if

fieldwork involves diving see the Code of Conduct for Scientific

Diving – Appendix 9&10

Access to private/public/protected land?Specific sampling activities?Specific vehicle/equipment/training/certification requirements?If so have they been applied for and secured in advance?

Are there ethical considerations to be considered? See relevant University policy at

http://www.ucc.ie/research/rio/ethics.html

If so, has approval been sought separately?  Contingency and emergency planning:

See the Emergency incident procedure

(Appendix 8)

Do you have/need a contingency plan? For travel, health, activities, etc.Do you have/need an emergency plan?  

Appendix 2b: Field course Planning ChecklistFieldcourse planning checklist  

(amended from Appendix 3 USHA (2010), this list is not exhaustive)  What does the fieldwork involve?  Describe the general purpose and scope of the proposal  

   

Who is involved?

See guidelines for field course participants

(Appendix 5)

Identify number and profile of participants - including any young/vulnerable/participants with special requirements(attach list)

Identify stakeholders e.g. parents /guardians of young/vulnerable participants  

   

      

Identify number of fieldwork leaders/supervisors/postgraduates/technical staff /participants     

Levels of supervision required (min. 1 staff to 25 students)   

Existing competencies, gaps and vacant roles

Identify first aid / medical requirements including numbers of medically trained staff required (min. 1 First Aider to 25 students)

See guidelines on health and first aid in the field (Appendix 7)

Identify any Third party providers required for travel, accommodation, catering, transport, services, specific activities…

See Appendix 12

       Identify other interested parties, e.g. government agencies, foreign embassies etc.  

When will the field course take place, and for how long?     

      Travel requirements:  Where will the fieldwork take place, including all travel, stopovers and bases?     Will it require any particular health considerations / vaccinations/ etc?   Will it require any particular documentation / visas / passports / other?   Will it require special arrangements for transport of equipment?

Will it require cultural integration/awareness training / translators/ other ?

Other considerations?

Why is this work necessary? What are the benefits - both to participants and in terms of research value  

   

How will the fieldwork be carried out? Give as detailed a list of activities and locations as is available.  

        

   Identify hazards, risk levels and potential controls

See hazard identification and risk

profiling chart (Appendix 3b)

        

Have you completed a Risk Assessment Form? And submitted it to the Risk Approvals Board?

See Risk Assessment forms (Appendix 4)

   Budgetary considerations:  

Have health and safety costs been factored into proposals?    

What are the projected costs for health and safety requirements?    

Are there logistical issues with access to cash etc. that need to be considered?    

Insurance considerations:  

Does UCC insurance cover all aspects of the field work? Check for exceptions in e.g. travel to areas of instability, high risk field work activities, pre-existing medical conditions, pregnancy, insurance in emergency situations etc.

UCC insurance policies at

http://ocla.ucc.ie/General/insurance.asp

 Access / permits / certification required:  Are there any specific permissions required for:

See checklist of external permissions for

potential licenses, permits, certifications

required (Appendix 9 & 10)

Access to private/public/protected land? Specific sampling activities? Specific vehicle/equipment requirements? Specific training/certification requirements? and if so have they been applied for and secured in advance? 

  

Are there any ethical considerations? See relevant University policy at

http://www.ucc.ie/research/rio/ethics.html

If so, has approval been sought separately?  Contingency and emergency planning:

See Emergency Protocol (Appendix 8)

Do you have a contingency plan? For travel, health, activities, etc. 

Do you have an emergency plan? 

 Provision of information:  

Have you prepared a verbal and written statement (participant information booklet) on all aspects of the field course to potential participants?

See Guidelines for field course participants

(Appendix 5) 

Have you prepared a consent form to be distributed to all potential participants (and/or guardians where necessary), to be returned prior to acceptance on the field course?

See Template Consent forms (Appendix 11)

 Have you provided time and staff availability for individual participants to express any concerns regarding participation in the field course in private?  

Appendix 2c: Equipment Checklist(adapted from Dept. of Geology Safety Documents) This list is not exhaustive.

Basic Equipment ChecklistWork and Personal Protective Equipment Checklist

Rucksack Tools (chisels, hammers, shovels, corers etc.)Emergency rations (e.g. chocolate, mint cake, glucose tablets)

Collection/marking tools (sample bags/containers, traps, tags etc)

Whistle Hard hatMaps/Charts/other navigational aids Safety goggles/glassesTorch Protective glovesSpare batteries Safety shoes/boots with steel toe caps if necessaryFirst Aid Kit WellingtonsWatch WadersMobile Phone / other communications device Wet suits / dry suitsSurvival multi-blade / multipurpose knife LifejacketsWater canteen Recording/marking/tagging/labelling equipmentThermos flask with hot drink Waterproof pens/markers and labelsWater sterilisation/purification tablets Ladder / climbing equipmentCompass / GPS  Waterproof bivi-bag/survival bagChange of clothes  Personal hygiene items     Miscellaneous Equipment Checklist Boat Equipment ChecklistSunscreen Check sea worthiness of vehicle regularly

Sunglasses (Polaroid)Operators must be licensed, insured, authorised and experienced

Insect repellent Tide tablesBinoculars / Telescopes Local bye-lawsCameras/ Night vision goggles / other recording equipment ChartsRear warning lights/ reflectors (night work) Ship's compassRope GPSTent Satellite phoneWading pole Life jackets/life raftsCooking utensils, camping stove Life belt and lineWaterproof matches / lighter etc. Loudhailer  HornVehicle Equipment Check List Large torchCheck road worthiness of vehicle regularly Spare batteries for navigation lightDriver must be licensed, insured and authorised Fire extinguisherBasic tool kit First aid kitSpare fuel (in safe approved container) Tool kitSpare tire(s) / foot pump Engine spares (spark plugs, shear pins, gaskets)Water and oil BailersFirst aid kid BoathookFire extinguisher Oars and rowlocks

Anchor and warpSnow Equipment Checklist Spare fuelCrampons Marine band radio

Ice axeDistress flares (renew annually), red hand flares, orange smoke type

Sunglasses (Polaroid), sunscreen Star shells, (red (larger vessels) Skis  Rope  Dead Boy  

Appendix 3a: Breakdown of Risk Types (from UCC Health and Safety Office)Available at:http://www.ucc.ie/en/occupationalhealthandsafety/risk/RiskCalculator/

"Risk assessment is the determination of level or magnitude of risk having regard to:1. the frequency/chance of any given hazard manifesting itself2. the time of exposure to the hazard (as a % of the 24 day or a year)3. the consequence of  exposure to the hazard e.g. severity of loss/injury/ illness"

Analysis of Consequences from Risk Types Each Risk Type is scored I to IV for category of consequences

Category I Category II Category III Category IV Category V Category VIMinor Appreciable Substantial Major Loss Severe Loss Total Loss

< €1000 < €10,000 < €100,000 < €1m < € 10 m - - - - - - - - - -

Insignificant Minor Major Severe Fatality Multiple Fatalities

An Injury/illness requiring less than 3

days loss of work with total recovery or no

human injury is expected.

An injury/illness requiring 3-56 days loss of work

with total recovery.

An injury/illness requiring 2 months loss of work with total recovery or an injury where a permanent slight

incapacity may result.

Permanent incapacitating injury/illness Self explanatory Self explanatory

Type 3(a). Effects on People: Nuisance Complaints Clinical Advice Required Hospital

Treatment Potential Serious

Injury Fatality

Type 3(b) Public Reaction: None/Mild Minor Local Outcry

Considerable Local & National Media

Reaction

Severe Local & Substantial Media

Reaction

Severe National Media Reaction

Severe National Media Pressure to

Stop Business

Type 4. Effects on the environment Insignificant Temporary short-term

Damage Major Pollution Severe Pollution Widespread Damage Catastrophic Damage

The Overall Risk Level is assessed with reference to all risk types, the probability of occurrence, and the exposure to hazard time.Overall Risk Levels are classified as: Low Moderate Substantial High

Type 1. Economic (Damage to

Plant/Works):

Type 2. Effects on Personnel

Appendix 3b: Hazard Identification, Control and Risk Profiling ChartMultiple hazards and multiple controls may apply. List is not exhaustive.

Potential Hazards Potential Controls Comment on Risk Levels

First Aid / Medical Hazards

Illnesses or allergies causing problems, particularly in remote locations

All fieldwork must adhere to School Safety guidelines and will have gone through the RAAP thus reducing all risks

Health effects on personnel is the risk type of major concern here, multiple

controls should be applied to maintain overall low risk level

Accidents or injuries resulting from inadequate clothing or footwear i.e. not suitable for the environment

All field work leaders have recognised First Aid training

Health issues resulting from inadequate preparation for the environment: sunburn, sunstroke, wind chill, hypothermia etc.

A minimum ratio of 1 to 25 First Aid trained staff to students is required on all field courses (UCC guideline)

  First Aid equipment is carried on all field courses

 Accidents and incidents must be reported to Safety Committee & safety protocols updated accordingly - annual review process in place, immediate updating where relevant

  Adequate access to emergency medical care is available: relevant emergency services communicable

 Alternative transport available from field sites to medical access point for field courses: e.g. staff car follows bus to field site in case of need for transport to doctor/hospital

  Emergency protocols in place (Appendix 8)

Solo researchers

Lack of adequate knowledge of risks

Where unsupervised/individual fieldwork is carried out, all safety advice, procedures and guidelines are given to the student/researcher, orally and in written form in advance, receipt of such is acknowledged in writing by individual

Health effects on personnel are the risk type of major concern, working alone

always carries a higher risk level. Multiple controls should be applied to maintain overall low to moderate risk levels.

Lack of adequate planning for safety All fieldwork must adhere to School Safety guidelines and will have gone through the RAAP thus reducing all risks

Accident/injury in the field Individual researchers advised to carry personal first aid kits

Solo researchers unable to contact help if required

Individual researchers are advised to provide notification of itinerary, estimated time scale, and activities to a colleague in advance

 

Adequate communication equipment for the situation is available e.g. mobile phones carried by all field leaders/staff on field courses/ a nominated person is advised of estimated departure and return times /in remote/inaccessible areas another form of communication such as radio transmitters/satellite phones used

  Details of suitable safety equipment/protective gearSupervision Failure of supervision Minimum ratio of staff to students on field courses Health effects on personnel are the risk

requirements / vulnerable groups

type of major concern, working alone always carries a higher risk level. Multiple

controls should be applied to maintain overall low risk levels for field courses.

Under 18's or other vulnerable members / members requiring specific support in the group

All fieldwork must adhere to School Safety guidelines and will have gone through the RAAP thus reducing all risks

Lack of adequate planning for safety Buddy systemIsolation from main group Increased ratio of supervision in particular circumstancesRisks of accidents/ other during personal/down time Minimise personal/down time

Psychological / emotional support requirements

Additional supervision from within the student group, appoint student supervisors

Privacy issues Under 18's restricted from particular activitiesStaff go with student groups at night for at least part of time i.e. to restaurant/pub/other

Time made prior to and during field course for one to one meetings with students to discuss any concerns

  Confidential Health Questionnaires examined prior to course and potential needs of individuals highlighted

 

Privacy issues addressed in advance of field courses, i.e. arrangements for private/shared rooms discussed and opportunities for any issues with arrangements to be discussed/altered

   

General hazards relating to exposure / activities

Exposure to potentially dangerous insects, vegetation or animals which may pose physical danger, or carry disease / release toxins

All fieldwork must adhere to School Safety guidelines and will have gone through the RAAP thus reducing all risks

All risk types may be a factor here depending on specific activities and

potential for effects on people, equipment and environment. As well as general

controls listed specific controls should be described to keep risk levels as low as

possible.

Difficulties in navigation of the particular terrain

Fieldwork safety training is given by experienced staff who have completed field based postgraduate and post doctoral work and are familiar with fieldwork hazards

Isolation from main group / solo research

Advice on specific environments is provided in the BEES field safety manual and can be further detailed in RA form

Hazards from portable tools or machinery used for sampling, boring, cutting, trapping etc. particular to the work undertaken

Specific courses in field safety/navigation and/or survival training taken by field work leaders and/or individuals where necessary

Accidents or injuries resulting from inadequate clothing or footwear i.e. not suitable for the environment

Adequate communication equipment for the situation is available e.g. mobile phones carried by all field leaders/staff on field courses and in very remote/inaccessible areas another form of communication such as radio transmitters/satellite phones/personal location beacon are available

Exposure to adverse weather conditions

Where specialised tools or equipment are used, e.g. portable electric tools, only competent, authorised persons are allowed to operate them

Lack of essential equipment from inadequate planning including maps, compasses, first aid, survival equipment etc.

Adequate access to emergency medical care is available: relevant emergency services communicable at all times, and/or alternative transport from field sites to medical access point available

  Avoidance of potentially dangerous situations, routes, animals, plants, insects, etc. where possible

Specific hazards inherent in some sites / activities

Add controls detailing specific certifications, training, expertise, safety equipment, protection of specific

equipment etc. in this section

Boating / use of other aquatic transport / vehicles / specialised equipment  

Dangers of rising waters or changing tidal conditions, unknown currents etc.    

Diving, snorkeling, swimming, wading, electrofishing, tagging, and other mark/capture-type field work activities

   

Caving, rock climbing, cliff faces, underground workings    

Danger of falling rocks, subsidence or floods    

Dangers of soft/unsafe underfoot conditions    

Dangers of lack of visibility in dense woodland, whiplash of branches, forest fires

   

Dangerous fauna/flora    Hiking, climbing fences/ditches, digging, coring, clearing vegetation, taking samples etc.

   

Exposure to extreme environmental conditions to temperature / altitude / pressure

   

Field activities at night / alone / in poor visibility etc.    

        

Damage to property / environment

Damage to the environment from unnecessary collection of specimens/ trampling or disturbance of area, littering / other damage/ pollution

All fieldwork must adhere to School Safety guidelines and will have gone through the RAAP thus reducing all risks Risk Type 4 is the main consideration

here. Controls should be applied to maintain low risk level.

Damage to property from lack of due care

All fieldwork participants advised of requirement to adhere to guidelines and code of conduct relating to respect for environment, property, people etc.

Complaints and/or altercations due to trespass or sampling without permits

Guidelines on requirement for external permissions provided in safety manual and should be highlighted with regard to specific environments

      

Hazards due to problems with

travel/accomodation/catering/other third party

providers

  Auditing of third party providers in advance of field course

Multiple controls should be applied to maintain low risk level for field courses.

Use only reputable and approved providers

   

Hazards from vehicular traffic during fieldwork

  Avoidance of potentially dangerous situations and routes where possible Health effects on personnel are the risk

type of major concern, working alone always carries a higher risk level. Multiple controls should be applied to reduce risk

levels

  Use of reflective clothing / markers

  Advance notice of fieldwork locations to relevant authorities where relevant

  Requirement for permits in some cases.. If so provide detail in RA

Crime / personal security issues

 

Adequate communication equipment for the situation is available e.g. mobile phones carried by all field leaders/staff on field courses and in remote/inaccessible areas another form of communication such as radio transmitters/satellite phones/personal location beacon

Health effects on personnel and economic effects (loss of field equipment, personal property etc.) are the risk types of major

concern here. Multiple controls should be applied to keep risk levels as low as

practically possible.

Individual researchers are advised to provided notification of itinerary, estimated time scale, and activities to a colleague in advance

Additional supervision from within the student group, appoint student supervisorsUnder 18's restricted from particular activitiesStaff go with student groups at night for at least part of time i.e. to restaurant/pub/other

Use of reputable and approved third party providers

 

 

NOTE: there are limits to insurance cover for theft etc. these should be checked in advance of fieldwork / field courses

Appendix 4a: Fieldwork Risk Assessment Template  Contact details: First Aid qualifications: Position/Role on Field Course:Fieldwork Leader / Supervisor:      

       Other participants:       If solo fieldwork and/or unsupervised undergraduate / postgraduate fieldwork involved elaborate here :

Brief description of and reason for Fieldwork:

If applicable:  

Number of participants: Participants with special needs / under 18's / other:

Staff to participant ratio: First Aid staff to participant ratio:Fieldwork Details:

Time period / Dates: Activities: Permissions/licenses required:Specialised equipment / training required Other comments:

       

        

         

Travel Arrangements:        

Accommodation details:  Other third party providers:  Checklist of prerequisites:  

Yes / No / Yet to do / NA / Comment

Read BEES Field safety manual and sign consent at bottom of this RA form.  

Health Questionnaire (including next of kin contacts) and consent form retrieved from all participants if necessary  

Contacts for Medical Service and Emergency

Protocol

Local GP, Hospital & Emergency services School/Base Emergency Contacts Irish Embassy / consulate UCC Overseas 24 hr Emergency

Medical Contact: AIG Assistance

     Phone: 0044 208 762-8514

Travel Policy Number: PAE61285

Hazard identified Control measures in placeFurther control measures

required including methods and timescale for implementation

Action byResidual Risk Level (i.e. risk after

controls) Low / Moderate / Substantial / High

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         Yes / No / NA

Follow Tier 1 or 2 protocol as appropriate:

Overall risk level is LOW Tier 1: approval by Fieldwork Leader, forward to Approvals Board for records only  

Overall risk level is MODERATE TO HIGH Tier 2: forward to Approvals Board for assessment and approval.  

I have read and understood the School of BEES Guidance on Safety in Fieldwork Manual. I am fully aware of my responsibilities within the School policy, as an individual researcher / Fieldwork Leader / Supervisor to myself and to my co-workers / student(s) (delete as appropriate).

Signature of Fieldwork Leader: Date: 

Tier 2:     Date: Approved / Not Approved

Signature of Approvals Board member(s):      Signature of Head of School:      Further Action required:        

Appendix 4b: Field Course Risk Assessment TemplateModule: Module Co-ordinator:Brief description of Field Course: Field Course Leader (if different from above)

Staff: Name: Contact details: First Aid qualifications: Position/Role on Field Course:                  

                           

Number of participants: Participants with special needs / under 18's / other:

Staff to participant ratio: First Aid staff to participant ratio:

Field Course Details: Dates: Travel Arrangements: Accommodation details: Other third party providers: Activities:

         

         

         

         Checklist of prerequisites:     Yes / No / Yet to do / CommentParticipant information pack provided to all participants, including General Guidelines for Field Course participants, Confidential Health Questionnaire, Consent Form and specifics of Field Course travel, accommodation, requirements and any other relevant details

 

Health Questionaire (including next of kin contacts) and consent form retrieved from all participants  

Contacts for Medical Service and Emergency

Protocol

Local GP, Hospital & Emergency services

School/Base Emergency Contacts Irish Embassy / consulate UCC Overseas 24 hr Emergency

Medical Contact: AIG Assistance

     Phone: 0044 208 762-8514

Travel Policy Number: PAE61285

Hazard identified Control measures in place

Further control measures required including methods and

timescale for implementationAction by

Residual Risk Level (i.e. risk after controls) Low / Moderate /

Substantial / High

         

         

         

         

         

         

         

         Yes / No / NA

Follow Tier 1 or 2 protocol as appropriate:

Overall risk level is LOW Tier 1: approval by Field Course Leader, forward to Approvals Board for records only  

Overall risk level is MODERATE TO HIGH Tier 2: forward to Approvals Board for assessment and approval.  

Signature of Field Course Leader: Date:

Tier 2:     Date: Approved / Not Approved

Signature of Approvals Board member(s):      

Signature of Head of School:      Further Action required:

Appendix 5: Guidelines for Field Course Participants(with contributions USHA, (2010) OCLA (2011), internal safety documents from the Departments

of Plant Science and Geology)

Field courses can be extremely enjoyable and educational experiences. However fieldwork may

involve some potentially hazardous activities and environments. To ensure the health and safety of

Field Course participants at all times we ask that you have read and understood the Field Course

participant information pack and complete the required Health and Consent forms. Further detailed

information on field work safety is available in the School of BEES Guidance on Safety in

Fieldwork available from the BEES Office. You should be aware of the University ‘Code of

conduct and safety instructions for students on fieldwork’, UCC, Office of Corporate and Legal

Affairs, available at http://ocla.ucc.ie/Insurance/page.asp. Below are some guidelines on preparation

for fieldwork, safety procedures, protection of the environment and personal/down time on field

courses.

1. PREPARATION FOR FIELDWORK

1.1 General Behaviour

1.2 Clothing and Footwear

1.3 Equipment

1.4 First Aid – Medical Issues

2. GENERAL FIELDWORK SAFETY PROCEDURES

2.1 Setting out

2.2 In the field - general safety precautions

2.3. Safety Procedures for some specific field environments

3. PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT & PROPERTY

4. GENERAL BEHAVIOUR / PERSONAL TIME

PREPARATION FOR FIELDWORK

1.1 General BehaviourA high standard of behaviour is expected and required of all field course participants, in accordance

with the University and School Code of Conduct, to ensure the safety of all participants in

fieldwork activities and in down time. In accordance with the Health and Safety at Work Act,

leaders will follow safety precautions and take every reasonable care to ensure the safety of

members of their parties. However each individual is responsible for the observance of safety

provisions, and may be held liable if accidents arise through failure to meet obligations. Participants

should therefore

observe sensible manners and consideration for others in all aspects of the field course

respect the property of others

maintain the reputation of the School and University for order and discipline

cooperate fully with the instructions of Field Course Leaders

inform the Field Course Leader of any problems, e.g. fitness, medical problems that may be

a problem in the field.

observe any additional rules regarding activities and behaviour in personal / down time.

1.2 General Guidelines on Clothing and Footwear for Fieldwork – (as for UCC guidelines: http://ocla.ucc.ie/Insurance/page.asp)

You should wear clothing appropriate for the type of weather and terrain likely to be encountered,

as well as appropriate to local customs regarding dress.  If in doubt, observe how local people dress

and adjust your behaviour and clothing accordingly. If working in urban areas, and especially if you

are likely to be interacting with local people, smart but casual clothing is more likely to gain you a

good reception. 

Footwear: Field work, whether in rural or urban settings, invariably involves considerable

walking, and you should come suitably prepared.  Proper walking shoes or boots are essential, even

if you are working in town; they should be broad fitting and comfortable, and should be well

“broken in” before the start of the field work.

General Clothing:  Several layers of loose clothing give better control of body temperature

than one or two thicker layers.  Natural fibres (wool, cotton) are preferable to artificial fabrics.

Trousers:  Denim jeans are unsuitable for wearing in open country as they have little

warmth in them, and if they become wet can be heavy and take too long to dry out.  Wool, flannel,

or tweed trousers are better.  Waterproof over-trousers should be used in bad weather.  Snow gaiters

are a useful addition in heather or snowy conditions.  Skirts and dresses are generally less practical

than trousers.

Outer clothing:  An anorak or other windproof, waterproof and preferably brightly

coloured jacket is essential if you are working in remote or exposed conditions.  A thermal “body

warmer” (waistcoat) can be worn underneath for extra warmth.  If working outdoors, the garment

should be long enough to be sat on while still being worn.

Gloves:  protect the hands from scratches and minor injury, as well as helping preserve body

warmth.  Tough gloves with extended wrist covering are preferable.

Headgear:  A woollen balaclava or hat and scarf is essential in mountain or coastal

environments in particular.  Elsewhere (including in town) a waterproof head covering is strongly

recommended.  Umbrellas are impractical because they require holding and are vulnerable to

damage in wind.

Spare Clothing: should always be taken with you (i.e. not left on the coach or in the hotel

room).  It may also be helpful to bring a day-pack or small ruck sack for carrying your belongings.

1.3 Equipment The equipment required will depend on the nature of the work to be undertaken, the terrain to be

encountered and the prevailing climatic conditions. Any specific safety equipment will also have

been planned for and provided by field course leaders. However basic equipment which can be

useful in most situations include a rucksack, watch (waterproof and accurate), water canteen,

emergency rations/high calorie snacks (e.g. chocolate, glucose tablets), sunscreen, sunglasses

(Polaroid lenses), hat, raingear, compass, whistle, torch/flashlight, insect repellent and mobile

phone. An additional equipment checklist is available in the BEES fieldwork safety manual.

1.3 First Aid – Medical issues A CONFIDENTIAL Health Declaration form must be filled in prior to approval for

participation in any field course. This is to advise the Field Course Leader / Supervisor on any

medical conditions such as diabetes, epilepsy or other condition which might require treatment in

the field. It also requires next of kin and home contact information in case of an emergency.

A number of qualified first aiders will be in attendance on all field courses and ideally only

qualified personnel should render first aid. However, in certain circumstances it may be necessary

for an unskilled person to give immediate first aid before a rescue party and professional medical

treatment can be summoned.

A School first aid kit specifically designed for fieldwork will be carried by the

supervisor/fieldwork leader. This kit contains basic first aid equipment including eyewash and foil

emergency blanket for treatment of hypothermia. A small personal first aid kit can also be carried in

a waterproof container, particularly if you are on medication. If so advise the field work leader in

advance, bring adequate supplies, and a note from your doctor/photocopy of prescription in case of

restrictions in other jurisdictions.

The ‘Guidelines on Health and First Aid in the Field’ and the School ‘Emergency Incident

Procedure’ should be read prior to the field course. Sufficient numbers of supervisory and first aid

staff will be present on field courses to ensure that you may need these guidelines only as a last

resort.

Relevant accident and emergency procedures and specific fieldwork safety procedures will

be detailed by the fieldwork leader/supervisor at the outset of the field course/particular activity.

Accidents must be reported using the University Accident/Dangerous Occurrence Report Form.

Note: there are some exclusions as regards conditions of insurance including, for example,

relating to pre-existing medical conditions and pregnancy related medical issues. Insurance details

can be checked here: http://ocla.ucc.ie/General/insurance.asp. If you think this applies to you please

alert the Field Course Leader when completing the Health Questionnaire. You may need to consider

additional personal insurance options.

2. GENERAL FIELDWORK SAFETY PROCEDURES

2.1 Setting OutHave a good breakfast. Dress in suitable clothing for the fieldwork. Take note of weather forecast

and be prepared. Always inform a friend or colleague of the plans for the field trip, the destination

and the expected time of return. Ensure you keep the contact details for your accommodation with

you in case of becoming separated from the group. Be aware of local emergency numbers. Any

known hazards and/or safety issues will be discussed with the group by the fieldwork/field course

leader in advance and any questions in this regard should be directed to them as early as possible. If

carrying out unsupervised solo fieldwork always carry a means of contact in case of emergency.

2.2. In the Field – General safety proceduresWhile the planning of fieldtrips will need to be done in advance so as to arrange transport or ensure

that suitable tides will occur, for example, students must recognise that fieldwork in Ireland often

means rain, cold and windy weather. There may, sometimes, be a need to depart from the schedule,

change study area, alter a route plan or cut short the work in cases of severe weather. The person in

charge will take these decisions on the day with full regards for the safety of the group. The lecturer

and demonstrators that are present to guide the running of the fieldtrip are experienced

fieldworkers. They are aware of the potential hazards of fieldwork in Ireland and will not

knowingly lead students into areas that present danger if sensible behaviour and guidelines in this

manual are observed.

Before starting any activity (sampling, observations, etc.), examine the surroundings

carefully, note and avoid any hazards present (including power transmission lines).

Do not take risks.

Decide on the "escape-route" well in advance of having to use it.

Keep a constant look out for changes in the weather and rapidly rising tides.

Do not tackle anything that is beyond your training or experience.

Take regular breaks for resting, eating and drinking.

Do not touch suspect or unidentified objects, machinery or equipment.

Take care with electrical equipment in damp or wet conditions.

Check in with the fieldwork leader/supervisor when you complete a visit to a site.

Avoid "horseplay" -this can lead to accidents and will not be covered by insurance.

Avoid the consumption of alcohol and/or illicit drugs during fieldwork.

2.3. Safety Procedures for some specific field environments 2.3.1. Low to moderate relief and altitude

Watch out for and avoid potentially dangerous animals, especially bulls, and vegetation. Move

carefully over wet grass on cliff paths or grassy slopes since it can be slippery. Move carefully over

rough, rock, or vegetation-covered ground, avoiding loose boulders, burrows etc. Never run down

screes or steep hills and take care not to dislodge loose rocks or other objects. Protective headgear

should be worn where there is a danger of falling stones. If necessary shout a warning to those

below. In areas where game shooting takes place, wear high visibility clothing.

2.3.2 Mountains and uplands

Avoid becoming tired, cold or wet. Watch the weather conditions very carefully as they can

deteriorate rapidly. In conditions of poor visibility, constantly refer to a compass and make progress

cautiously. Stop frequently and each time take a sight on an object ahead. An alternative is to send a

companion ahead 20 yards or so at a time. The sighting should be made while both parties are

stationary. Know how and where to shelter from electric storms. If immobilised and separated from

the group for any reason, put on all spare clothing and use the survival bag without delay. Call for

assistance. Summon aid using the International Distress call.

2.3.3 River crossings

Avoid them if reasonably possible. Heavy rain will cause flooding and make streams rise rapidly

into dangerous torrents, which can wash away bridges, parts of footpaths and submerge fords.

NEVER CROSS such streams in spate. Take a detour, or wait until the spate or flood subsides. If a

stream must be crossed, use stepping stones. Do not jump from boulder to boulder. Use short

shuffling steps and cross on the diagonal.

2.3.4 Woods and forests

Work in woods and forests can be more tiring than elsewhere. There is difficulty in movement and

limited visibility. Plan accordingly. If lost, backtrack. Avoid areas where growth is dense and the

nature of the ground and any obstructions or holes are obscured. Watch for whiplash of branches or

branches sticking out at eye level. Rocks and boulders and fallen trees in forests frequently bear a

covering of moss and are slippery when wet. Avoid screes in forests whenever practicable. If

climbing slopes, take care not to rely too heavily on vegetation for support. It may not be firmly

anchored. Do not smoke or light campfires at times of high fire risk, or as decreed by local forestry

regulations. If applicable, do not park your vehicle in tracks or fire breaks. Do not climb trees unless

strictly necessary for the research. If you must climb trees use a safety rope and ensure that a

ground-based colleague is to hand. Do not climb forest observation towers. Avoid passing through

dense plantations of young trees; they are easily damaged.

2.4.5 Bogs, mires, swamps

Avoid rafts of vegetation overlying water. (Swaying movement when walked on). Take care when

traversing reed swamps on foot. Probe ahead with a pole or auger. Do not attempt to cross a bog-of

any type, especially if alone. If it is essential to cross a bog, probe ahead and try to keep to drier

upstanding parts (preferably to any tussocks of grassy plants) and avoid un-vegetated areas. If you

begin to sink, lie flat on your back, call for assistance. Keep calm. If possible free your legs and feet

to the horizontal. If you are carrying a survival bag or other inflatable object inflate it to give

buoyancy. A plastic bag or waterproof garment may be used to trap air and provide limited support.

Lying flat, move back in the direction of approach using any tussocks for support. If immobilised,

try to get behind some vegetation for shelter. Put on spare clothing and use the survival bag. Call for

assistance.

2.4.6. Estuaries, mudflats, salt marshes, seashores and beaches

Avoid working solo in these areas. Tides and time are the major considerations. Make allowance for

local conditions and changes in the weather e.g. an on-shore wind can bring forward the time of

high tide. When the terrain is flat the tide advances quickly, sometimes faster than walking pace.

Allow ample time to return to base before the flood tide starts to advance across the work area.

Because of the time limitation due to the tides, any illness or injury that slows down progress can

become fatal. Suitable clothing and footwear are essential in these areas, which are generally very

exposed and can be extremely cold. The conditions underfoot are often highly variable and

treacherous. Probe ahead. If your boots or waders become stuck, slip one foot out slowly, rest the

leg on the surface and gradually free the other foot. Lie on the surface and gradually free the other

foot. Lie on the surface and spread your weight to avoid sinking. Move to firm ground using a

'leopard crawl' (spread-eagled face down, keeping the maximum area of the body in contact with

the ground all the time).

2.4.7. Railways, Motorways and Other Roads

Specific permission must be obtained before conducting work on or beside railways and

motorways. Comply with safety regulations laid down by the relevant authorities. Wear high

visibility clothing (reflective bibs). Never enter rail tunnels without prior authorisation. Avoid road

tunnels lacking a footpath. If such work is essential, post a lookout and prominent warning signals

or signs at least 100 metres ahead. Display a clear warning signal (orange flashing light or red

triangle when working near bends, hill crests or in narrow cuttings). Employ a lookout if feasible.

Never leave debris on roadways or verges. Be extra careful if there is a strong wind blowing as it

can mask the sound of approaching trains or vehicles. Beware of a second train approaching

simultaneously from the opposite direction on the other track. Beware of cars passing out other

traffic and approaching your position on the ‘wrong’ side of the road.

2.4.8. Quarries, Cuttings and Cliffs

Report to the Quarry Manager on arrival and on safe departure. Comply fully with all local safety

rules. Comply with blast warnings. Keep a sharp look out for moving vehicles and machinery.

Never pick up explosives or detonators. Wear a safety helmet and appropriate footwear at all times.

Wear safety glasses of goggles when hammering or chiselling rock. Avoid hammering near or

above another person. Do not look towards another person hammering. Never work under an

overhang. Avoid loosening rocks on steep slopes. Avoid the edges of cliffs, quarries and other steep

slopes or sheer faces. Ensure that rocks above are safe before going below them.

Beware of sludge lagoons. Beware of landslides on clay slopes, in clay puts or on other

questionable slope or scree. Watch the tide flow when working beneath sea cliffs. Do not roll rocks

down slopes for amusement or run down scree slopes. Do not climb cliffs, rock faces or crags. Do

not enter old mine workings or cave systems unless authorised and given proper instruction.

2.4.9. Hot/tropical climates

Carry an adequate supply of drinking water and rehydration sachets of salt and sugar. Avoid the

temptation to wear shorts, light shirts and light footwear. Contact the University Health Service

regarding appropriate immunisation and vaccination, and the hazards associated with prolonged

exposure to strong sunlight.

2.4.10 Rivers, lakes, reservoirs and their margins

Be aware of the possible health risks from polluted water. Be aware of the hazards associated with

waterfalls, weirs and spillways. Watch out for freak waves (localised short and steep) which can be

rapidly set up in gusts over open stretches of water and may develop in otherwise calm conditions.

Be familiar with the “rules of the road” for river navigation. Always have anchors ready to use to

prevent drifting.

2.4.11 Marine environments

A thorough knowledge of the local tides and times of movement is essential. The direction of tide

flow along the coast will depend on whether it is rising or falling. Always keep a sharp lookout.

Beware of ‘FREAK’ waves which can occur in a regular periodic pattern without any prior warning

and during otherwise very calm conditions. Keep a very close watch on the sea state constantly

while working along rocky coastlines where ‘freak’ waves can appear without warning and

inundate areas which are well out of reach of the normal background waves. Know what to do in

the even of the boat capsizing.

2.4.12 Other environments:

Other environments include:

Excavations, trenches, wells and boreholes

Mines, adits, tunnels and caves,

Glaciers

Underwater surveys (diving)

If working on these or other environments detailed information should be sought in advance from

project supervisors/department safety offices.

3. PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT & PROPERTY Do not collect specimens unless required for serious study.

Observe conservation requirements.

Keep to paths where provided.

Do not trample crops or disturb living plants and animals unnecessarily.

Do not pollute streams or leave litter behind.

Keep fire risks to a minimum, remove glass objects that might subsequently cause fire and

do not discard smouldering cigarette butts.

Respect other people’s property; do not damage property, trample crops, knock stones off

walls, leave gates open, or disturb livestock.

4. PERSONAL / DOWN TIMEPersonal time can be defined as time when programmed fieldwork activities are not taking

place but participants remain under the general jurisdiction of the institution. It is unlikely

that participants will be directly supervised during these periods. Common examples of

personal time activities include sightseeing, social activities and outings. Down time can be

defined as a period of time, occurring within the overall duration of the fieldwork but outside the

jurisdiction of the institution. Field course leaders will issue instructions on permitted activities and

movements during personal/down time.

Appendix 6: Template Confidential Health Questionnaire

CONFIDENTIAL FIELD TRIP / EXPEDITIONS / HEALTH DECLARATION FORM

1. To participate in a School field trip you must complete and sign the following health declaration form.

2. In the majority of cases the information provided by you in this, your “Health Declaration”, will be sufficient, when signed by the Fieldwork Leader/Supervisor to pass you as medically suitable for your field trip. Some students however may be required to discuss information contained in their Health Declaration in further detail with a Doctor or travel health adviser and may subsequently require a medical examination.

3. Additionally you may need to arrange an appointment for your travel advice and any recommended vaccinations if required.

4. Please note any medical details supplied will remain confidential to the Fieldwork Leader/Supervisor and no information will be provided to others without your informed consent.

NB

You will be excluded from the field trip, by the School, if you do not complete a Health Declaration form.

Your Health Declaration form must be signed by the Fieldwork Leader/Supervisor to pass you as medically suitable for the field trip.

Vaccinations are often required when travelling overseas. It is the applicants own responsibility to check their vaccination status is fully up to date and any necessary vaccinations needed for overseas travel have been completed prior to departure.

Confidential

HEALTH DECLARATION

Surname: Forename:

Student No: Degree and Year of Study:

Next of Kin and contact details: Address:

Term:

Home:

Telephone and mobile: Email:

Date of Birth: Name of GP:

Telephone No.

Academic Year: School/Dept:

Previous Overseas travel to exotic locations, if applicable:(Dates & Destinations)

Your Health and Functional Capabilities

1. Do you have any medical or other conditions of which we should be aware? These may be classed as any condition which could potentially impact upon you when travelling and/or conducting fieldwork. eg. Allergies, diabetes, epilepsy.

If yes please to the above, give details (e.g. when condition developed, severity, effects, medication and other treatment). Continue on another sheet if required.

2. Do you have any special dietary requirements/restrictions?

If yes give details:

If you would like any further advice on your health in relation to your course, please contact the Fieldwork Leader/Supervisor.

NB Ensure you have answered ALL questions as not doing so may result in not being permitted to travel.

DECLARATION

I certify that my answers to the questions are complete, accurate and no information has been withheld. I understand that if this is later shown not to be the case it may result in exclusion from the Field Course/travel. If, between now and my due date of departing, my medical circumstances should change, I undertake to seek medical advice regarding my suitability to travel and to inform my Fieldwork Leader/Supervisor accordingly of such changes.

Signed:

Print Name: Date:

Appendix 7: Guidelines on First Aid and Health Issues for Fieldwork and Field Courses (with contributions from USHA, (2010) OCLA (2011), as well as internal safety

documents from the Departments of Plant Science and Geology)

The minimum School requirements for First Aid / Medical Access on field work and field courses

are described below, followed by a general guide to common health and first aid considerations in

the field, particularly for individual/unsupervised field workers, or in case of isolation from a

qualified First Aid provider and/or other medical support. It is not possible to provide

comprehensive details of all possible health / medical conditions, this list is not exhaustive; the

more common considerations for fieldwork are described, however assistance from qualified

medical personnel should be sought first in all cases. The Emergency Incident Protocol is given in

Appendix 8.

Provision of and Access to First Aid and Medical Services on Fieldwork or Field courses:

UCC policy on access to First Aid in terms of accident or injury relates to convenient access to a

qualified medical doctor or State Registered Nurse generally. In the case of first aid for employees

in the Republic of Ireland access to the aforementioned suffices, or access to a qualified

Occupational First Aider OR a designated first aider (designated by the employer) at a place of

work (for any place where work is undertaken by employees - fixed or otherwise). In such cases a

designated first aider may be a qualified medical doctor or SRN with a current AED & CPR cert,

who is designated by the employer/ local head of School/Department as a designated first aider

within UCC OR a qualified Occupational First Aider who has a valid occupational first aid

certificate. An occupational first aider must hold a FETAC occupational first aid certificate or

equivalent, after completion of an approved Occupational First Aid course of some 24 hours tuition

minimum, content as prescribed by the national regulatory body, and attainment through

examination of the designated standard in both practical first aid and the written knowledge of first

aid practice. Attendance at refresher first aid courses with a prescribed duration & course content, at

prescribed intervals (generally 2 year maximum) is required thereafter to keep the first aider current

and their certificate validated. Note: completion of a 1 day first aid awareness courses does not

satisfy the above. SHWW First Aid regulations cover the provision of First Aid at places of Work in

Ireland and the provisions of and the training of Occupational First Aiders.

School guidelines are as follows:

Minimum of 1 staff member with Occupational First Aid qualifications per group,

depending on the nature of the fieldtrip, environment and risks. UCC guidelines suggest 1

per 25 students if the fieldtrip is not particularly hazardous, and 2 per 25 if fieldtrip is more

hazardous.

All participants must be made aware of the availability and identity of qualified First Aid

staff at the outset.

A School first aid box must be carried on all field courses, and personal first aid kits are

advised on all fieldwork. School first aid boxes should be routinely inspected and updated

according to School policy.

Contingency plans must be put in place for all field courses and are advised for all field

work activities.

Information on local health care facilities and services, emergency numbers should be

obtained in planning fieldwork and particularly field courses abroad.

This information must be made available to all participants prior to field courses and field

work.

If other particular first aid/medical training needs are considered to be required and/or

beneficial in fieldwork/field courses these should be highlighted in the planning stage and

risk assessment. Provisions should be made for access to these services and/or arrangements

made for training of staff members where necessary.

In the case of Field Courses all participants must fill out a confidential health questionnaire

(Appendix 6) prior to the Field Course, including contact details of next of kin. The list of

participants, next of kin details and any relevant medical information should be held by the

Fieldwork Leader at all times.

It is advisable for all fieldwork activities that participants are made aware of potential health

risks and plan accordingly. General first aid and medical advice for fieldwork are given

below.

General First Aid & Medical Advice for all field workers:

Basic field equipment:

The equipment required for fieldwork will depend on the nature of the work to be undertaken, the

terrain to be encountered and the prevailing climatic conditions. However it is advisable that basic

field equipment which can be useful in most situations, and can help avoid the most common

medical considerations is carried by all field workers.

Rucksack containing a water canteen, emergency rations/high calorie snacks (e.g.

chocolate, glucose tablets),

Sunscreen, sunglasses (Polaroid lenses), hat, raingear

Insect repellent

Watch (waterproof and accurate), compass, whistle, torch/flashlight with batteries,

and mobile phone

Basic personal first aid kit*, including provision for any personal medical conditions

which may be problematic in the field

*Basic first aid kit contents: Sterile un-medicated dressings in various sizes, sterile eye pad with

dressing, wash-proof assorted plasters, non-adhesive bandages, safety pins, sterile cleansing wipes,

saline and sugar solutions/salt and sugar sachets, antiseptic cream, small blunt ended scissors, and

First Aid Notes for guidance.

General Principles

Always seek help from qualified First Aid staff / other qualified medical personnel first. If no help

is available ensure your own safety and that of the party before attempting to give first aid or rescue

the casualty. Check the airway. Check it frequently and keep it clear. (Clear the mouth. Remove any

obstructing solid or liquid. Make sure the tongue does not block the back of the throat). Stop the

bleeding. Do not move the injured person unless you are quite sure that there is no injury to the

spine and unless there is imminent danger in thin location. Treat for shock. Keep the patient warm

and relieve the pain. Immobilise broken limbs to prevent pain and prevent further damage. Do not

experiment. When in doubt, do as little first aid as possible, since an unskilled person can do

considerable damage by applying the wrong treatment.

Common Health and Medical Conditions

1. Cramp / Strain

2. Sprained and twisted ankles

3. Bleeding

4. Broken Bones

5. Sunstroke / Heat stroke / Hyperthermia

6. Hypothermia / Exposure

7. Travel / Altitude /Sea Sickness

8. Diarrhoea

9. Jet Lag

10. Deep Vein Thrombosis

11. Contact with / ingestion of toxins / dangerous poisonous species

1. Cramp / Strain

Massage the affected part and apply warmth. Relieve by drinking a dilute salt solution. When

carrying loads keep the load light, well balanced and if on the back keep the weight of the load

high, close to the back and as directly above the spine as possible. Carrying a load will upset your

balance, be careful on scree, ridges or other awkward places. Learn how to lift objects -lift with the

legs bent and the back straight When lifting keep the load close to the body, turn with your feet and

do not twist with the back.

2. Sprained and twisted ankles

Do not remove boot as it forms an excellent splint. Loosen laces to give relief from swelling. If the

boot is removed, apply a cold compress and bandage firmly to limit swelling.

3. Bleeding

Wash your hands (if possible) or use cleansing wipes. Control severe bleeding by direct pressure

and (where possible) elevate the injured part. Apply a sterile dressing and a firm bandage.

4. Broken Bones

Do not move the casualty unless absolutely necessary. Support the injured parts and secure them so

they cannot move. Keep the patient warm and still. Reassure the patient.

5. Sunstroke / Heat stroke / Hyperthermia

Never underestimate how ill you can become following exposure to the sun. It is sensible advice to:

• Wear a hat with a brim, long loose clothing, sunglasses etc.

• Use appropriate sun block.

• Avoid the midday sun.

• Avoid dehydration and ensure that you drink copious fluids (non alcoholic), especially if

exercising.

Hyperthermia results from a dangerous gain in body heat. The main causes are muscular activity in

hot sunshine and/or high ambient air temperature. High humidity will accentuate these conditions

by reducing the body's ability to lose heat by perspiration. In extreme cases hyperthermia can lead

to coma and death.

Symptoms are weakness, dizziness, pale, clammy skin, person becomes close to state of collapse.

Avoid by: limiting excessive activity in hot weather, wearing loose fitting clothing, taking regular

rest breaks in shade, taking regular intakes of salt and fluids.

Basic Treatment: If person becomes ill keep the casualty still, in shade and receiving the

maximum of any breeze available. Sponge the casualty with tepid water to provide evaporative

cooling. Provide cold salted water to drink but keep the rate of intake moderate to avoid stomach

cramp.

6. Hypothermia / Exposure

Hypothermia results from a dangerous loss of body heat. The main causes are wind chill through

inadequate clothing in land-based operations and accidental total immersion in cold water in

waterways and during marine operations. Unless the symptoms are recognised and preventative

action taken immediately it can rapidly result (in extreme cases) in death.

Typical symptoms: slowing down of pace or effort, which may alternate with sudden outbursts of

energy, aggressive response to advice or counsel, abnormality of vision, stumbling and slurring of

speech shivering and tiredness.

Avoid by: wearing good clothing (windproof and waterproof), not getting overtired and eating

energy-giving foods at regular intervals.

Basic Treatment: If person becomes ill provide shelter from the wind and keep the casualty dry.

Insulate the casualty against further heat loss, particularly from the cold ground. Cover the casualty

with additional clothing or a large plastic bag/survival bag. The bag should be pulled up over the

patient and tied at the neck Provide hot food and hot sugary drinks (sugar, glucose, condensed milk)

if the patient is conscious. Do not rub the patient to restore circulation. Do not give alcohol. Avoid

rapidly re-heating the patient.

7. Travel / Altitude Sickness

Travellers who arrive at high altitude airports, and those who climb mountains above 2400 metres,

are at risk of developing altitude sickness. There is no way of anticipating who will be affected, and

neither does a previous episode predict whether a traveller/participant will be vulnerable on another

occasion. It is important to allow time in your schedule for acclimatisation which allows for the

physiological changes required to cope with the potentially fatal effects of low oxygen at altitude.

On arrival at a high altitude airport from low altitude/sea level, you should try to schedule one to

two days of rest before attempting ascent to a higher level. If walking, plan to climb no more than

400 metres each day. However, this should be reduced to 150 to 300 metres per day if your total

ascent will be more that 4300 metres. For those visiting multiple destinations, it is important to

remember that any physiological changes gained are lost within one to two days after descending to

sea level and you should therefore plan your itinerary with this in mind.

Basic Treatment: simple headaches can be relieved by using analgesics such as paracetamol.

Acetazolomide at 125-250mg twice daily may provide a useful prophylaxis against acute altitude

sickness. However in the case of persistent symptoms e.g. headaches, nausea etc it is advisable to

descend 300 metres immediately and if the symptoms fail to subside you should continue descent.

8. Diarrhoea

This is the most common ailment to affect travellers, especially in hot countries. It may result

purely from a change in routine, temperature, diet etc but may also be due to infection which can

largely be avoided by taking simple hygiene precautions.

• Wash hands before handling food and after going to the toilet.

• Check the potability of the water supply and if appropriate or in doubt use bottled or

sterilised water (use this also to clean teeth.)

• Eat only hot, freshly cooked food from appropriate sources, e.g. avoid street vendors.

• Avoid ice cream and ice in drinks.

• Only eat “peelable” fruit.

• Avoid salads which may have been washed in contaminated water.

• Avoid shellfish.

• Avoid unpasteurised milk.

9. Jet Lag

Crossing time zones can result in fatigue and disorientation.

• Try to adapt as quickly as possible to the new local time, e.g. by resting at night even if not

tired; and avoid “naps” as this delays adaptation.

• Be cautious with the use of drugs to induce sleep as these may prolong adaptation.

• If at all possible avoid driving for at least twenty-four hours after arrival.

10. Deep Vein Thrombosis

It is believed that there is an association between long haul travel and the risk of Deep Vein

Thrombosis even though the incidence is low. It is possible that aircraft conditions and sitting in a

fixed position for long periods of time may contribute to this risk which can be reduced by the

following:-

• If you have concerns vis-à-vis your medical history, discuss this with the Occupational

Health Service / your General Practitioner / Specialist.

• Wear compression stockings (below the knee and correctly fitted)

• Avoid sleeping tablets

• Exercise legs and calf muscles during the flight

• Avoid dehydration by drinking lots of water and fluids during the flight but try to avoid

alcohol.

11. Contact with / ingestion of toxins / dangerous poisonous species

There are many species of plant, animal and aquatic life that present a health hazard to humans (e.g.

bites/stings etc). An ability to recognise the dangerous/poisonous species indigenous to the

particular field environment under study is desirable. So far as reasonably practicable, avoid those

dangerous/poisonous species of flora and fauna.

Symptoms of ingestion are: vomiting, diarrhoea, flu-like symptoms, fever.

Avoid: ingestion of dangerous/poisonous species.

Symptoms of contact are: skin irritation, rashes.

Avoid by: Wearing protective clothing and gloves to prevent contact. Keep cuts covered with

waterproof dressings. Wash thoroughly or use cleansing wipes to remove splashes.

Some examples are given below:

Leptospirosis (Weil’s Disease)

Bacterial disease caused by exposure to infectious animals (e.g. pigs, rats, dogs, cattle) or to water

contaminated by their urine (e.g. near banks of canals, stagnant ponds, landfill sites). The infection

may enter the body through damaged skin or inhalation and is particularly liable to occur in wet or

damp conditions. The symptoms are similar to those associated with flu. Wear protective clothing

and gloves. Keep cuts covered with waterproof dressings. If in contact with rodents, farm animals

or any areas that may have been contaminated by them, wash hands and rinse thoroughly. If clothes

or footwear have been contaminated, wash thoroughly after handling them.

Lyme Disease

A tick borne bacterial disease, which is becoming increasingly common in areas where there are

sheep and/or deer. It can be treated successfully if detected early but if undetected it can produce

serious and permanent debility. Protect against bites by wearing trousers made from fine, closely

woven materials. Wear high boots or wellingtons. Cover the gap between footwear and trousers

with smooth gaiters. Light clothing shows up ticks better than dark clothing. Wear insect repellent.

Keep your arms covered. On return from fieldwork remove any ticks found on the body. To remove

cover the attached tick with petroleum jelly or suntan oil to suffocate them, then grasp as close to

mouth parts as possible. Pull without squeezing with a twisting motion, tweezers may help. Remove

all traces of the mouthparts and apply skin disinfectant. Keep a tick/other biting insect if possible, it

may be useful for identification purposes. Be aware of the symptoms which often commence with a

"bulls-eye" red ring around the original tick bite and/or persistent flu-like symptoms. If you notice

these symptoms consult a doctor. The rash may appear two to forty days after a bite. The disease is

easily treatable if caught early.

Giant Hogweed

This plant has been introduced into Ireland and has been spreading along watercourses. It is

poisonous and even contact with the skin produces severe blistering and, in some cases, permanent

and painful photosensitivity.

Bracken

Bracken is known to be toxic and carcinogenic to livestock. Avoid cutting, handling or working

with bracken. If bracken is handled, wash thoroughly before eating, drinking, smoking or applying

cosmetics. Do not eat bracken. Breathing in of the spores of bracken has been implicated in chronic

lung problems. It is suggested that a dust mask be worn if walking through a lot of bracken is likely

at the time of spore release (August/September).

Toxic Blue Green Algae

These are common in many inland waterways. Avoid contact with, or ingestion of, water containing

high concentrations of these algae. Symptoms of ingestion are: vomiting, diarrohea, flu-like

symptoms and fever. Symptoms of contact are skin irritation and rashes. Wear protective clothing

and gloves to prevent contact. Wash thoroughly or use cleansing wipes to remove splashes.

Emergency Survival Electrical Storms

Get as far away from exposed ridges as possible. Sit, with knees drawn up and feet together, on a

clean dry rock. If you have a rope or insulating clothing, sit on it. Avoid caves and dirt-filled

crevices. Do not sit under trees and in small hollows.

Bivouacs

Choose a sheltered spot out of the wind. If necessary build a windbreak out of rocks. Put on spare

clothing with dry clothes next to your skin. Use a rucksack or rope to sit on. Use a 500 gauge plastic

sheet, a groundsheet or a plastic mac to shelter from wind and rain. If it is very cold, try to stay

awake and keep warm by gently exercising arms and legs at regular intervals. Loosen clothing and

slacken boot laces so that circulation is not restricted.

Snow bivouacs

Dig or cut a cave into a slope. Keep the entrance small. Hollow the cave out to form an arched roof.

On level snow excavate a hole two feet deep and then use an ice axe to scrape the snow into a

compact wall or walls fro a wind break. Ground sheets can then be used to form a cover or lean-to

shelter.

Capsize

If the boat capsizes away from shore, stay with the boat if possible. Inflate your life jacket. Do not

exercise to keep warm as this increases heat loss and wastes energy, increasing the effects of

hypothermia. Use the whistle on the life jacket to summon assistance.

Emergency Procedure: (see also Emergency Incident Protocol, Appendix 8)

DON’T PANIC – THINK: Speed, First Aid, Send for help

Act quickly to reduce danger to the injured part/other members of the group/yourself.

First Aid should be given to injured persons by qualified personnel if possible. If no qualified

personnel are available use guidelines above. Decide whether the injured part can be moved, if not

send for help. Contact the emergency services. Provide as much information as possible on the

location, number of injured persons, nature of injuries, number in party. Reassure injured parties.

Await rescue. Contact institutional emergency contacts as soon as possible. Fill in form/write

emergency incident report. Once back at the School a full incident report must be completed.

You may require the International Distress Signal:

Six:

blasts of whistle

shouts

flashes of a torch

waves of a bright coloured cloth

Pause for one minute, then repeat the sequence. Continue until answered by three whistle blasts,

shouts or flashes, followed by three more after an interval of one minute. Fieldworkers should also

be familiar with the distress signal from divers on the surface:

Hold arm up and wave from side to side.

Appendix 8: Fieldwork Emergency Incident Procedure Guidance Notes for the Fieldwork Leader and Supervising Staff, (adapted from USHA, 2010)

Definition:

An emergency incident is defined as,

An accident leading to a fatality, serious or multiple fractures, amputation or

other serious injury, or

Circumstances in which a fieldwork team member might be at serious risk or

have a serious illness, or

Any situation in which the press or media are or might be involved.

Introduction:

The following procedure is intended as a guide to enable staff to follow a course of

action covering the main priorities at times of stress. Obviously no such list will ever be

finite and there will be other necessary actions depending upon the situation. However,

it is important that the relevant information is quickly and easily available whenever

groups are off-site and whatever the time of day or night.

All staff supervising a group undertaking fieldwork, particularly an overseas visit, need

to be familiar with the emergency procedures to be followed in the event of a serious

accident/incident or fatality.

Planning and Preparation:

The fieldwork leader and supervising staff must have the following emergency contact

information at hand:

School and Security Emergency Contact telephone numbers.

UCC’S travel policy emergency number in case of emergencies abroad.

Lists of all participants, with address and telephone number of next of kin.

Copy of Risk Assessment together with complete details of the itinerary.

Copy of the Emergency Incident Response Form and the Narrative Log (below).

In the even of a medical emergency in Ireland contact the relevant emergency services followed by

the Head of School or next available contact on the emergency contact list. In the event of a medical

emergency abroad, contact the emergency services. You must also contact American International

Group's 24-hour emergency service, AIG Assistance, quoting the UCC travel policy number (see

table below), and the Head of School or next available contact on the emergency contact list. The

medical emergency service (AIG) must always be contacted in the event of hospitalisation. The

medical emergency service must not be used for general enquiries or requesting claim forms.

Therefore, if you are planning a trip abroad on University business, it is advisable you contact the

above named, for the relevant advice and certificate of insurance - this documentation has all of the

above information along with a schedule of benefits.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN BY THE FIELDWORK LEADER OR SUPERVISING STAFF

1. Assess the situation.

2. Protect the group from further injury or danger.

3. Render first aid or other service as appropriate. Call Emergency/Rescue Services and/or

Police as appropriate. State the nature of the emergency. Give your name and

address/location and telephone number followed by:

The locat ion of the incident.

The nature of the incident.

The names of the individuals involved.

The condition of those involved and where they are located.

4. Phone your School/Department/Base Emergency Contact as soon as possible. Before making

contact, it is advised that a copy of the Emergency Incident Response Form (below) is

completed, to ensure all relevant information is reported. It is likely that both leaders and

participants will be in a state of shock, therefore:

Remove remainder of the group to some secure accommodation and place under the care

of a member of staff able to protect them from the attention of the press/media.

If necessary request the police to assist.

Calm and comfort the participants and arrange for their evacuation.

5. Do not make any statements to press/media or allow anyone else to make statements other

than expressions of sympathy. Refer the press/media to the Press Office at the institution.

6. If possible, do not allow group members to contact home directly until you have received

authorisation. This measure is intended to ensure that relatives of those involved are

contacted either by the institution or the appropriate authorities.

7. Retain all equipment involved in an unaltered condition.

8. Do not allow anyone external to see any group member without an independent witness

being present.

9. No one, unless they are in a relevant official capacity, has the right to see anyone who does

not wish to see them.

WORLD WIDE EMERGENCY MEDICAL ASSISTANCE

UCC’s contracted provider (American International Group's 24-hour emergency service)

will assist in a medical emergency worldwide.

SCHOOL / BASE EMERGENCY CONTACT(S):

Name: 24 Hour Contacts:

Gardaí / Fire / Ambulance 999 / 112

Head of School:

Dr. Sarah Culloty 00 353 490 4646 00 353 087 7822253

School Manager:

Ms. Alison O Connell 00 353 490 4654 Phil 00353214904619

Chair of Safety Committee:

Dr. Barbara Doyle Prestwich 00 353 490 4559 00 353 86 8609818

UCC Security 021 490 3111

Emergency Services in Country of

Fieldwork

(insert as appropriate)

American International Group's

24-hour emergency service, AIG

Assistance

0044 208 762-8514 UCC Travel Policy

Number: PAE61285

EMERGENCY INCIDENT RESPONSE FORM

SECTION 1 - to be completed when making telephone call

a) Name of person reporting the incident:

b) Contact Number: Fax Number:

c) Name of person receiving telephone call:

d) Date: Time:

SECTION 2 - to be completed before telephoning the institution

a) Fieldwork Leader’s Name:

b) Location:

c) Representing Establishment:

d) Name of Contact (if different from 1a above):

e) Dedicated Telephone Number to Use (if different from 1b above):

SECTION 3

a) Nature of incident:

b) Location of incident:

c) Date of Incident: Time of Incident:

SECTION 4

a) Number of people involved in incident:

Injured: Fatalities:

b) Names of Casualties and Witnesses:

Casualty or

Witness

Surname and First Name

or Initial

Adult

or Child

Injuries

SECTION 5

a) Are all party members accounted for?

If not what measures are being taken to locate missing party members?

b) Who is co-ordinating this search?

SECTION 6

a) Which services or advice have been called? (e.g. Police/Ambulance/Fire & Rescue/Mountain

Rescue/Coastguard/Doctor/Health & Safety Team etc)

b) Which services or help are at scene of incident?

c) What other action has been taken?

d) What immediate assistance is required?

SECTION 7

a) Location of Hospital where injured taken:

b) Telephone Number:

c) Name of member of staff accompanying injured to Hospital:

d) Name of member of staff who is supervising the uninjured members of the party:

e) Location of uninjured members of the party:

SECTION 8

Following the initial report of the incident, the Officer identified below is now nominated as the

Contact Officer in respect of this incident.

Name :________________________________

Tel No:_____________________________

FIELDWORK INCIDENT NARRATIVE LOG

DATEThe Narrative Log should include a record of: the event action taken duty times of staff visitors instructions received instructions given

When recording conversations ensure that the names/titles of all parties are given. any queries

This column can be used to highlight any outstanding action to be taken, any remarks made or cross- references to another narrative entry.

TIME NARRATIVE REFERENCE

Appendix 9: Guidelines on External Permissions, Licenses and Certifications

It is the responsibility of the fieldwork leader to identify permissions needed to carry out fieldwork on

public or private lands, i.e. permissions of land owners/state bodies/other may be required for access to

potential field work sites. This must be sought in advance. This does not remove the fieldwork

leader/individual from responsibilities under the Wildlife Act (1976), relevant EU legislation or

equivalent legislation overseas. Field work leaders should be familiar with any relevant local legislation

regarding potential impacts on habitats, flora and fauna. It is the responsibility of the field work leader to

assess whether access to, for example, protected areas including e.g. Special Areas of Conservation,

National Parks, and Marine Reserves are required for field work. It is also the responsibility of the field

work leader to assess whether certain permits/certifications or licenses for specific fieldwork activities are

required. In these cases the relevant authority must be contacted and permissions sought in advance. A list

of such authorities and permissions are provided below. This list is not exhaustive. In the case of overseas

fieldwork it is the responsibility of the fieldwork leader / worker to establish clear and written agreements

on permitted work areas and work practices from the relevant host institutions, embassies, licensing

authorities etc.

Checklist :(not exhaustive)

Permissions may be required for access to private or public land by private individuals and/or public bodies

Contact relevant landowners / state bodies etc.

   

Is your fieldwork area designated or protected under any of the following designations in Ireland:National Park

Check with National Parks and Wildlife Service http://npws.ie/

Nature ReserveNatural Heritage Area (NHA)

Special Area of Conservation (SAC)Special Protection Area  (SPA)

 Does your fieldwork involve working with/tagging/capturing/disturbing/or otherwise wild animals/plants and/or protected species in Ireland? Licenses may be required to:To Mark or Ring Birds or Wild Animals

Contact National Parks and Wildlife Service http://npws.ie/

To Take Nests or Eggs of Wild BirdsTo Take, Capture or Humanely Kill Protected Wild Animals for Educational or Scientific PurposesTo Take, Capture or Humanely Kill Protected Wild Birds for Educational or Scientific PurposesTo Interfere with or Destroy the Breeding Places of Any Wild Animals

To Stop Damage to Flora and Fauna by Wild Animals

To Disturb Bats or Otters or their Breeding or Resting PlacesPermits to import/export wild animals/birdsTo Take or Interfere with Protected Plant Species   Permits that may be required:Research Diving Permits for Lough Hyne and the Upper Lake Glendalough

Contact National Parks and Wildlife Service http://npws.ie/

Marine Scientific Research Permits for:Belgica Mound Province SAC (002327)Hovland Mound Province SAC (002328)South-West Porcupine Bank SAC (002329)North-West Porcupine Bank SAC (002330) Does your fieldwork involve fishing/electrofishing? Contact relevant Fisheries Board Does your fieldwork involve any of the above but overseas? If so permissions may be required Contact relevant bodies overseas

. Do your fieldwork activities require specialised skills, equipment and/or training?Examples  

Equipment / ActivitiesPotential Training/Certification Requirements

Driving motorised vehicles Relevant driving licenses

Diving Various levels of certification required, see BEES Code of Conduct for Scientific Diving

Boating, sailing, use of aquatic vehicles inc. submarines/ROVs/other Sea survival courses

 Specific medical examination required: Seafarers medical certificates

  Boat handling courses

 Relevant safety training, and potentially licenses required

Exposure to potentially chemicals/toxins/substances chemical handling training/licensesappropriate permits/licenses/training

certification may be required for all belowUse of helicopters/planes/other aerial vehiclesShooting Firearms safety certificate and trainingContact with potentially dangerous animals/plantsRock climbing / abseilingFire safety Fire safety course

First aid and other e.g. survival trainingFirst Aid courses, survival courses for specific habitats/terrains

Heavy lifting Manual handling coursesDrillingUse of safety equipmentUse of any other specialised equipmentOther

Appendix 10: Internal Code of Conduct for Scientific Diving School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University College Cork

Experience and Qualifications

All intending divers must be at least CMAS 2* equivalent diving qualification (BSAC Sports

Diver / Dive Leader; PADI Advanced Open water etc) – preferably divers will have European

Scientific Diver or Advanced European Scientific Diver qualifications based on these sports

diving qualifications.

Cf HSE requirements under UK Commercial Diving Regulations - hence introduction of separate

Scientific Code of Conduct in UK. BUT Ireland introducing commercial equivalents not scientific

diving.

All intending divers must have at least 100 logged dives in TEMPERATE WATERS. Tropical

diving experience will be assessed on a case by case basis by the Diving Officer.

All intending divers must have at least 30 logged dives below 20m deep as part of their 100+

logged dives.

All intending divers must present their qualifications and log books to the BEES Diving Officer,

Dr Rob McAllen prior to any diving operations.

All intending divers must submit in date medical evidence of fitness to dive and must be

reassessed every two years following Irish Underwater Council rules by a Medical Doctor.

All intending divers must be covered by DIVERS ALERT NETWORK (DAN) medical insurance

and details should be readily available at Lough Hyne or on the dive site and should go with any

diving casualty to the recompression chamber.

Diving Team

Minimum of 3 persons required for the diving team operation – 2 divers and 1 boat cox acting

as diving supervisor. Preferably, the cox will have diving experience and all the diving team

should be first aid and preferably oxygen administration trained.

Diving supervisor is responsible for checking divers are fit to dive, equipment operating

correctly and conditions are safe for diving.

Diving Supervisor should log times of departure from surface of divers and their time

returning to surface as well as diving cylinder air pressure values before and after the dive.

Diving Team number should be increased depending on the nature and duration of the diving

operation, the location of the dive and the weather conditions expected. Separate boat cox and

diving supervisor are advisable where conditions or diving operations dictate.

NO solo diving is allowed.

Medical Oxygen must be readily available either on the boat itself or at the Renouf lab if

diving within the inner Lough at Lough Hyne to deal with any diving emergencies.

Diving Operations

BEES have a self imposed depth limit of 30m – no diving operations are allowed beyond this

depth without clear planning and prior permission from the Diving Officer. Only in exceptional

circumstances will this depth limit be exceeded and with justifiable project reasons – this must be

agreed in advance.

NO planned necessary decompression stop diving is allowed.

All dives below 20m must incur a precautionary safety stop at 5m depth.

All divers should carry an alternate air source on the dives.

All divers should carry at least two instruments giving depth readings (e.g. computer / dive timer

and a separate depth gauge).

All divers must notify the diving supervisor of any problems with themselves or their diving kit as

soon as they become apparent. Dives must be aborted in the event of any equipment issue

however small.

Post Diving Operations

Lead diver should conduct a post dive briefing to ensure well being of diving buddy and

successful conclusion of diving operation.

All dive operations must be logged in the departmental logbook sheets as soon as practical to do

so using information supplied by diving supervisor and divers own computers.

All kit to be washed down and stored correctly.

Any kit problems should be directed to the diving officer as soon as possible.

Only trained users may operate the compressor to refill diving cylinders.

Appendix 11a: Consent form for field course participants

I, , have read and understood the School of BEES General

Guidelines for Field course participants, the specific risk assessment for this field trip, the Guidelines on

Health and First Aid in the Field and the Emergency Incident Procedure. I am fully aware of the Code of

Conduct of both the University and the School. I have completed the Confidential Health Questionnaire,

which I have already submitted to the School Office at the start of the year. I agree to fully participate in

the field course for the module below in accordance with these guidelines and the instructions of the Field

course leader.

Module Code & Title:

Destination of trip:

(Note: all of the relevant guidelines and forms for field course participants can be printed separately as a

‘Participant information pack’ if that is of interest, in which case the following consent form is more

applicable)

I, , have read and understood the Field course Participant

information pack. There have been no changes to my medical circumstances since completion of the

confidential health questionnaire which I have submitted to the School Office at the start of the year. I

agree to participate fully in the field course below with full regard for the guidelines and codes of conduct

provided and in accordance with the instructions of the Field course leader.

Module Code & Title:

Destination of trip:

Appendix 11b: Consent form for fieldwork leaders, supervisors and individual researchers.

I, , have read and understood the School of BEES Guidance on

Safety in Fieldwork Manual. I am fully aware of my responsibilities within the School policy, as an

individual researcher / Fieldwork Leader / Supervisor to myself and to my co-workers / student(s) (delete

as appropriate).

Appendix 13: Pre-Booking & Supervisory Accommodation Checklist

Standard Accommodation/Property Audit - UK and Europe (USHA, 2010)Property Name:Property Address:

Telephone No:Fax No:Email:Website:Date of Audit:

Before we can confirm our contract we require this short, simple safety audit to be completed. It should take no more than 5 minutes.Please complete as accurately as possible, and answer all questions.

Thank you for assisting us in the important management of safety.Type of Building

A Ground floor only - eg chaletsB Up to 3 floors only (inc ground floor) with all corridors & stairways open to the airC Up to 3 floors only (inc ground floor) with internal corridors and stairwaysD Accommodation with more than 3 floorsNumber of roomsBed Capacity:

Questions Yes No N/ADoes the property have an operating licence?Does the hotel have liability insurance?Date of Issue:Copy of insurance obtained?Does the hotel have a systems test log book for: a) Gas? b) Electrics? c) Lift? d) Boiler? e) Emergency Lighting?If gas appliances are present is a carbon monoxide detector fitted?

Fire AwarenessAre groups given a fire talk by management on arrival?Are combustible materials stored in escape routes (Should be kept clear)?Does electrical wiring appear to be in good condition?Are there ‘No Smoking’ signs in risk areas?Are ashtrays provided in smoking areas?Is there 24hr active staffing at the hotel?Do members of staff receive regular H&S training, and have they been trained on what to do in case of a fire?Is there an electrical or manual fire alarm system fitted?Is the alarm tested regularly?Is there a formal record?Does the alarm include: a) Sounders (Bells or sirens)? b) Manual call points (Alarm push buttons)? c) Back up power supply (battery back up in control panel)?Questions Yes No N/AAre smoke detectors interconnected to each other and a fire alarm panel?Are smoke detectors fitted?If Yes, are they: a) In the bedrooms? b) In the corridors?

c) In stairways? d) In public areas? e) In risk rooms (kitchen, meeting rooms)?If individual detectors (domestic type) how are guest alerted in the event of a fire?Please State: Is the alarm linked to the Fire Service?If No how is the Fire Service called?How far away is the Fire Service? Means of escape in case of fireAre there adequate stairways/escape routes (2 or more for buildings more than 4 floors)?Do all stairways lead to a place of safety?Are escape routes leading to the outside fitted with fire doors or partitions to prevent the spread of fire and smoke?Do all internal fire doors either automatically close when the alarm sounds, or are they always shut at night?Are all bedrooms within 20m of the escape staircase or within 35m if there are 2?Are all exit doors free to open from the inside without the use of a key?Are escape routes (corridors and stairways) totally unobstructed?Are any dead end corridors less than 10 metre in length?(if no dead end corridors tick YES)Signs and NoticesAre all escape routes clearly signed throughout their length with pictogram type signs?Are there clear evacuation signs posted: a) In the bedrooms? b) In the corridors? c) In the reception?Is the fire assembly point clearly identified?Where is it?Are there safety instructions in English posted in the bedrooms?Emergency LightingIs there an emergency lighting system?If YES does it appear to be operational?Fire Fighting EquipmentAre fire extinguishers or hose reels available: a) In corridors? b) In stairways? c) In or near risk rooms? d) In public areas?Are fire extinguishers well positioned (at most 30m apart) and wall mounted (1m from ground)?When have the extinguishers last been checked?

SecurityAre all final exit doors to outside secure from intruders?Do bedroom doors lock from the inside?Do bedroom windows have means to prevent intruders whilst allowing ventilation?Will groups be accommodated together?

Food HygieneIs food prepared and cooked on the premises?Have food preparation & service employees been trained in food hygiene procedures?Are temperature records maintained for hot food?Are temperature records maintained for chilled food?Are formal cleaning records maintained?Is there a current pest control contract in force?Are you inspected annually by an external organisation/authority?

GeneralAre all electrics in good working order and all switches and sockets fixed correctly?Do all plate glass windows or patio doors have ant-collision stickers?(if no plate glass or patio doors tick YES)Are all carpets on stairways in good condition and fixed securely?(If all stairways are uncarpeted tick YES)Do all balconies have guard rails at least 1m high?(If no balconies tick YES)Are any individual water heaters in rooms electrically powered rather than gas?(If no individual water heaters in rooms tick YES)

PoolDoes the property have a swimming pool?Is the poolside safe and in good condition?Are there any trapping risks in the pool construction?Are depth markings in place around the pool?Are sudden changes in depth clearly indicated?Is water clarity checked regularly?Is rescue and first aid equipment available within 5m of the poolside?

Are there any other Health & Safety issues that our group leaders should be aware of?