appendices 4

8/9/2019 Appendices 4

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A fire safety m aintenance checklist can be

used as a m eans of supporting your fire safety

policy. This list is not intended to be

com prehensive and should not be used as a

substitute for carrying out a fire risk assessm ent.

You can m odify the exam ple, w here necessary,

to fit your prem ises and m ay need to incorporate

the recom m endations of m anufacturers and

installers of the fire safety equipm ent/system s

that you m ay have installed in your prem ises.

Any ticks in the grey boxes should result in

further investigation and appropriate action as

necessary. In larger and m ore com plex prem ises

you m ay need to seek the assistance of a

com petent person to carry out som e of the checks.

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f i re precaut i ons

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Appendix A

A1 Exam ple fire safety m aintenance

checklist

C an all fire exits be opened im m ediately and easily?

Are fire doors clear of obstructions?

Are escape routes clear?

Fire w arning system s

Is the indicator panel show ing ‘norm al’?

Are w histles, gongs or air horns in place?

Escape lighting

Are lum inaires and exit signs in good condition and undam aged?

Is em ergency lighting and sign lighting w orking correctly?

Firefighting equipm ent

Are all fire extinguishers in place?

Are fire extinguishers clearly visible?

Are vehicles blocking fire hydrants or access to them ?

Weekly checks

Escape routes

D o all em ergency fastening devices to fire exits (push bars and

pads, etc.) w ork correctly?

Are external routes clear and safe?

Fire w arning system s

D oes testing a m anual call point send a signal to the indicator

panel? (D isconnect the link to the receiving centre or tell them

you are doing a test.)

D id the alarm system w ork correctly w hen tested?

D id staff and other people hear the fire alarm ?

D id any linked fire protection system s operate correctly?

(e.g. m agnetic door holder released, sm oke curtains drop)

Daily checks (not normally recorded)

Escape routes

Yes No N/A Comments


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116

Monthly checks

Escape routes

D o all electronic release m echanism s on escape doors w ork

correctly? D o they ‘fail safe’in the open position?

D o all autom atic opening doors on escape routes ‘fail safe’in

the open position?

Are fire door seals and self-closing devices in good condition?

D o all roller shutters provided for fire com partm entation w ork correctly?

Are external escape stairs safe?

D o all internal self-closing fire doors w ork correctly?

Escape lighting

D o all lum inaires and exit signs function correctly w hen tested?

H ave all em ergency generators been tested? (N orm ally run for one hour.)


Is the pressure in ‘stored pressure’fire extinguishers correct?

Additional item s from m anufacturer’s recom m endations.

Three-monthly checks

G eneral

Are any em ergency w ater tanks/ponds at their norm al capacity?

Are vehicles blocking fire hydrants or access to them ?


Six-monthly checks

G eneral

H as any firefighting or em ergency evacuation lift been tested by

a com petent person?

H as any sprinkler system been tested by a com petent person?

H ave the release and closing m echanism s of any fire-resisting

com partm ent doors and shutters been tested by a com petent person?

Fire w arning system

H as the system been checked by a com petent person?

Yes No N/A Comments

D o all visual alarm s and /or vibrating alarm s and pagers

(as applicable) w ork?

D o voice alarm system s w ork correctly?

W as the m essage understood?

Are charging indicators (if fitted) visible?


Is all equipm ent in good cond ition?


Escape lighting

Weekly checks continued


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Escape lighting

D o all lum inaires operate on test for one third of their rated value?


D o all self-closing fire doors fit correctly?

Is escape route com partm entation in good repair?

Escape lighting

D o all lum inaires operate on test for their full rated duration?

H as the system been checked by a com petent person?


H as all firefighting equipm ent been checked by a com petent person?

Miscellaneous

H as any dry/w et rising fire m ain been tested by a com petent person?

H as the sm oke and heat ventilation system been tested by a

com petent person?

H as external access for the fire service been checked for

ongoing availability?

H ave any firefighters’sw itches been tested?

H as the fire hydrant bypass flow valve control been tested by a

com petent person?

Are any necessary fire engine direction signs in place?

Annual checks

Six-monthly checks continued

Escape routes

Yes No N/A Comments


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118

A2 Exam ple form for recording

significant findings

Risk Assessment – Record of significant findings

Risk assessment for

Company

Address

Sheet number Floor/area Use

Step 1 – Identify fire hazards

Sources of ignition Sources of fuel Sources of oxygen

Step 2 – People at risk

Step 3 – Evaluate, remove, reduce and protect from risk

(3.1) Evaluate the risk of the fire occuring

(3.2) Evaluate the risk topeople from a fire startingin the premises

(3.3) Remove and reducethe hazards that maycause a fire

(3.4) Remove and reducethe risks to peoplefrom a fire

Assessment undertaken by

Date

Completed b y

Signature

Assessment review

Assessment review date Completed by Signature

Review outcome (where substantial changes have occurred a new record sheet should be used)

Notes:

(1) The risk as ses sment reco rd of significant findings should refer to other plans , records or other d ocuments as neces sa ry.

(2) The information in this reco rd should a ssist yo u to d evelop an emergency plan; coo rdinate mea sures w ith other ‘respons ible pe rsons’

in the building; a nd to inform and train staff and inform other relevant persons .


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B1 Fire-resisting separation

GeneralThe m aterials from w hich your prem ises are

constructed m ay determ ine the speed w ith

w hich a fire m ay spread, affecting the escape

routes that people w ill use. A fire starting in a

building constructed m ainly from readily

com bustible m aterial w ill spread faster than

one w here m odern fire-resisting constructionm aterials have been used. W here non-

com bustible m aterials are used and the internal

partitions are m ade from fire-resisting m aterials,

the fire w ill be contained for a longer period,

allow ing m ore tim e for the occupants to escape.

Because of the requirem ents of the B uilding

Regulations you w ill probably already have

som e w alls and floors that are fire-resisting and

lim itations on the surface finishes to certain

w alls and ceilings.

You w ill need to consider w hether thestandard of fire resistance and surface finishing

in the escape routes is satisfactory, has been

affected by w ear and tear or alterations and

w hether any im provem ents are necessary.

The follow ing paragraphs give basic inform ation

on how fire-resisting construction can provide

up to 30 m inutes protection to escape routes.

This is the standard recom m ended for m ost

situations. If you are still unsure of the level of

fire resistance w hich is necessary after reading

this inform ation, you should consult a firesafety expert.

Fire-resisting constructionThe fire resistance of a w all or floor is

dependent on the quality of construction and

m aterials used. Com m on exam ples of types

of construction that provide 30-m inute fire

resistance to escape routes if constructed to

the above standards are:

• internal fram ed construction w all, non-loadbearing, consisting of 72m m x 37m m

tim ber studs at 600m m centres and facedw ith 12.5m m of plasterboard w ith all joints

taped and filled (see Figure 60);

• internal fram ed construction, non-loadbearing, consisting of channel section steel

studs at 600m m centres faced w ith

12.5m m of plasterboard w ith all joints

taped and filled; and

• m asonry cavity w all consisting of solidbricks of clay, brick earth, shale, concrete

or calcium silicate, w ith a m inim um

thickness of 90m m on each leaf.

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Appendix B

Technical inform ation on fire-resisting

separation, fire doors and door fastenings


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120

There are other m ethods and products

available w hich w ill achieve the required

standard of fire resistance and m ay be m ore

appropriate for the existing construction in your

prem ises. If there is any doubt about how your

building is constructed, then ask for further

advice from a com petent person.

Fire-resisting floorsThe fire resistance of floors w ill depend on the

existing floor construction as w ell as the type

of ceiling finish beneath. If you need to upgrade

the fire resistance of your floor it m ay not be

desirable to apply additional fire resistance to

the underside of an existing ornate ceiling. In

older buildings there m ay be a requirem ent to

provide fire resistance betw een beam s and joists.

A typical exam ple of a 30-m inute fire-resistingtim ber floor is tongue and groove softw ood

of not less than 15m m finished thickness

on 37m m tim ber joists, w ith a ceiling below

of one layer of plasterboard to a thickness

of 12.5m m w ith joints taped and filled and

backed by supporting tim ber.

There are other, equally valid, m ethods and

products available for upgrading floors. If you

are in any doubt you should ask the advice of

a com petent person and ensure that the product

is installed in accordance w ith instructions from

the m anufacturer or supplier.

Fire-resisting glazingThe m ost com m on type of fire-resisting glazing

is 6m m G eorgian w ired glazing, w hich is easily

identifiable. Clear fire-resisting glazing is available

and can quickly be identified by a m ark etched

into the glass, usually in the corner of the glazed

panel, to confirm its fire-resisting standard.

Although this is not com pulsary, the m arking

of glass is supported by the G lass and G lazing

Federation, you should check w hether the glazingw ill be m arked accordingly before purchase.

The glazing should have been installed in

accordance w ith the m anufacturer’s instructions

and to the appropriate standard,68 to ensure that its

fire-resisting properties are m aintained.

The perform ance of glazed system s in term s

of fire resistance and external fire exposure

should, w herever possible, be confirm ed by

test evidence. Alternatively, w here there is a

lack of test inform ation, ask for an assessm ent

of the proposed construction from suitablyqualified people.

Fire separation of voidsA com m on problem encountered w ith fire

separation is fire-resisting partitions w hich do

not extend above false ceilings to true ceiling

height. This m ay result in unseen fire spread

and a loss of vital protection to the escape

routes. It is im portant therefore to carefully

check all such partitions have been installed

correctly.

CLASP and SCOLA type constructionCLA SP (Consortium of Local Authorities Special

Program m e) and SCO LA (Second C onsortium

of Local Authorities) are total or system atic

m ethods of construction that w ere developed

Basement

1st floor

Fire-resisting floor construction to protect route above

Cavity fire barrier

Efficient smoke seal

Fire-resisting partition constructedup to underside of floor overhead

Protected route

False ceiling

Fire-resisting floor construction

Figure 60: Fire-resisting c onstruction


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to provide consistent building quality, w hile

reducing the need for traditional skilled labour.

They consist of a m etal fram e upon w hich

structural panels are fixed. This results in

hidden voids through w hich fire m ay spread.

It is im portant that cavity barriers that restrictthe spread of fire are installed appropriately,

especially to w alls and floors that need to be

fire-resisting. If you are in any doubt as to

w hether any rem edial w ork w ill be required,

then ask for advice from a com petent person.

Breaching fire separationTo ensure effective protection against fire,

w alls and floors providing fire separation m ust

form a com plete barrier, w ith an equivalent

level of fire resistance provided to any openings

such as doors, ventilation ducts, pipe passages

or refuse chutes.

The passing of services such as heating pipes

or electrical cables through fire-resisting

partitions leaves gaps through w hich fire and

sm oke m ay spread. This should be rectified

by suitable fire stopping and there are m any

proprietary products available to suit particular

types of construction. Such products should

be installed by com petent contractors.

Décor and surface finishes of walls,

ceilings and escape routesThe m aterials used to line w alls and ceilings

can contribute significantly to the spread of

flam e across their surface. M ost m aterials that

are used as surface linings w ill fall into one of

three classes of surface spread of flam e. The

follow ing are com m on exam ples of acceptable

m aterials for various situations:

Class 0: Materials suitable for circulationspaces and escape routes

• Such m aterials include brickw ork,

blockw ork, concrete, ceram ic tiles, plasterfinishes (including rendering on w ood or

m etal lathes), w ood-w ool cem ent slabs and

m ineral fibre tiles or sheets w ith cem ent or

resin binding.

Note: Additional finishes to these surfaces m aybe detrim ental to the fire perform ance of the

surface and if there is any doubt about this

then consult the m anufacturer of the finish.

Class 1: Materials suitable for use in allrooms but not on escape routes

• Such m aterials include all the C lass 0m aterials referred to above. Additionally,

tim ber, hardboard, blockboard, particle

board, heavy flock w allpapers and

therm osetting plastics w ill be suitable if

flam e-retardant treated to achieve a

Class 1 standard.

Class 3: Materials suitable for use in roomsof less than 30m2

• Such m aterials include all those referred toin Class 1, including those that have not

been flam e-retardant treated and certain

dense tim ber or plyw ood and standard

glass-reinforced polyesters.

The equivalent European classification standard

w ill also be acceptable. Further details about

internal linings and classifications are available

in A pproved D ocum ent B.24 Appropriate testing

procedures are detailed in BS 476-732 and

w here appropriate BS EN 13501-1.33

Further guidance on types of fire-resisting

construction has been published by the

Building Research Establishm ent.34

B2 Fire-resisting doors

Requirements of a fire-resisting doorEffective fire-resisting doors (see Figure 61) are

vital to ensure that the occupants can evacuate

to a place of safety. Correctly specified and

w ell-fitted doors w ill hold back fire and sm okepreventing escape routes becom ing unusable,

as w ell as preventing the fire spreading from

one area to another.

Fire-resisting doors are necessary in any

doorw ay located in a fire-resisting structure.

M ost internal doors are constructed of tim ber.

These w ill give som e lim ited protection against

fire spread, but only a purpose-built fire-resisting

door that has been tested to an approved

standard w ill provide the necessary protection.

M etal fire-resisting doors are also available and

specific guidance for these follow s.

All fire-resisting doors are rated by their

perform ance w hen tested to an appropriate

standard. The level of protection provided by

the door is m easured, prim arily by determ ining

the tim e taken for a fire to breach the integrity

(E), of the door assem bly, together w ith its

resistance to the passage of hot gases and flam e.

It m ay be possible to upgrade the fire resistance

of existing doors. Further inform ation is available

from the B uilding Research Establishm ent69 orTim ber Research and D evelopm ent Association.70

Tim ber fire-resisting doors require a gap of

2-4m m betw een the door leaf and the fram e.

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H ow ever, larger gaps m ay be necessary to

ensure that the door closes flush into its fram e

w hen sm oke seals are fitted. Further inform ation

is available in BS 4787-1.71 For fire-resisting

purposes the gap is norm ally protected by

installing an intum escent seal, in either thedoor or, preferably, the fram e. The intum escent

seal expands in the early stages of a fire and

enhances the protection given by the door.

Additional sm oke seals w ill restrict the spread

of sm oke at am bient tem peratures. D oors fitted

w ith sm oke seals, either incorporated in the

intum escent seal or fitted separately, have their

classification code suffixed w ith an ‘S’.

The principal fire-resisting door categories are:

• E20 fire-resisting door providing 20 m inutes

fire resistance (or equivalent FD 20S).(N ote: M any suppliers no longer provide

an E 20 type fire-resisting door.)

• E30 fire-resisting door providing 30 m inutesfire resistance (or equivalent FD 30S).

• E60 fire-resisting door providing 60 m inutesfire resistance (or equivalent FD 60S).

Tim ber fire-resisting doors are available that

w ill provide up to 120 m inutes fire resistance

but their use is lim ited to m ore specialised

conditions w hich are beyond the scope ofthis guidance.

Metal fire-resisting doorsAlthough the m ajority of fire-resisting doors are

m ade from tim ber, m etal fire-resisting doors,

w hich m eet the appropriate Standard, can

often be used for the sam e purpose. H ow ever,

there are situations w here they are m ore

appropriate. The m ajority of m etal fire-resisting

door m anufacturers w ill require the use of

bespoke fram es and hardw are for their door sets.

See BS EN 1634-135 and BS 476-2236 for m oreinform ation.

For detailed guidance refer to Approved

D ocum ent B.24

Glazing in fire-resisting doorsAlthough glazing provides additional safety in

everyday use and can enhance the appearance

of fire-resisting doors, it should never reduce

the fire resistance of the door. The opening

provided in the door for the fire-resisting

glazing unit(s), fitted in a proven intum escentglazing system , and the fitting of the beading

are critical, and should only be entrusted to a

com petent person. In all cases the door and

glazing should be purchased from a reputable

supplier w ho can provide docum entary

evidence that the door continues to achieve

the required rating.

Fire-resisting door furniture

HingesTo ensure com pliance w ith their rated fire

perform ance, fire-resisting doors need to be

hung w ith the correct num ber, size and quality

of hinges. N orm ally a m inim um of three hinges

is required, how ever the m anufacturer’s

instructions should be closely follow ed. BS EN

193537 including Annex B, is the appropriate

standard.

Alternative door mountingsAlthough the m ost com m on m ethod of hanging

a door is to use single axis hinges, alternativem ethods are em ployed w here the door is

required to be double sw ing or m ounted on

pivots for other reasons.

Floor m ounted controlled door closing devices

are the m ost com m on m ethod regularly found

w ith tim ber, glass and steel doors w hile transom

m ounted devices are com m only used w ith

alum inium sections. In each case reference

should be m ade to the fire test report for

details as to com pliance w ith the com position

of the door assem bly including the doorm ounting conditions.

Self-closing devicesAll fire-resisting doors, other than those to

locked cupboards and service ducts should

be fitted w ith an appropriately controlled self-

closing device that w ill effectively close the

door from any angle. In certain circum stances,

concealed, jam b-m ounted closing devices m ay

be specified and in these cases should be

capable of closing the door from any angle

and against any latch fitted to the door; spring

hinges are unlikely to be suitable. Furtherinform ation is available in BS EN 1154.38

Rising butt hinges are not suitable for use as

a self-closing device due to their inability to

close and latch the door from any angle.

Automatic door hold-open/release devicesfor self-closing fire doorsThese devices are designed to hold open self-

closing fire doors or allow them to sw ing free

during norm al use. In the event of a fire alarm the

device w ill then release the door autom atically,allow ing the self-closing m echanism to close

the door.

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Such devices are particularly useful in situations

w here self-closing doors on escape routes are

used regularly by significant num bers of

people, or by people w ith im paired m obility

w ho m ay have difficulty in opening the doors.

Typical exam ples of such devices include:

• electro-m agnetic devices fitted to the fire-resisting door w hich release w hen the fire

detection and w arning system operates,

allow ing a separate self-closer to close

the door;

• electro-m agnetic devices w ithin thecontrolled door closing device w hich

function on the operation of the fire

detection and w arning system ; and

• ‘free sw ing’controlled door closingdevices, w hich operate by allow ing the

door leaf to w ork independently of the

closing device in norm al conditions. An

electro-m agnetic device w ithin the spring

m echanism linked to the fire detection

and w arning system ensures that the door

closes on the operation of the system .

Note: Free sw ing devices m ay not be suitablein som e situations, such as corridors, w here

draughts are a problem and the doors are

likely to sw ing uncontrolled, causing possibledifficulty or injury to certain people e.g. those

w ith certain disabilities, the elderly and frail, or

young children.

Autom atic door hold open/release devices

fitted to doors protecting escape routes should

only be installed in conjunction w ith an

autom atic fire detection and w arning system

incorporating sm oke detectors, that is designed

to protect the escape routes in the building

(see Part 2, Section 2).

In all cases the autom atic device should releasethe fire-resisting door allow ing it to close

effectively w ithin its fram e w hen any of the

follow ing conditions occur:

• the detection of sm oke by an autom aticdetector;

• the actuation of the fire detection andalarm system by m anual m eans, e.g.

operation of break glass call point;

• any failure of the fire detection and alarm

system ; or

• any electrical pow er failure.

O ther devices, including self-contained devices

w hich perform a sim ilar function, that are not

connected directly to a fire alarm system and

are not therefore able to m eet the above criteria

are available and m ay be acceptable w here a

site-specific risk assessm ent can show that theyare appropriate. Such devices are unlikely to

be suitable for use on doors protecting single

stairw ays or other critical m eans of escape.

In all cases w here a door hold open device is used

it should be possible to close the door m anually.

A site-specific risk assessm ent should be

undertaken before any type of autom atic door

hold open/release device is installed. If you are

unsure about the suitability of such devices in

your prem ises, you should seek the advice of a

com petent person.

Further guidance about autom atic door hold

open/release devices is given in BS EN 115572

or BS 5839-3.40

Door co-ordinatorsW here pairs of doors w ith rebated m eeting

stiles are installed it is critical that the correct

closing order is m aintained. D oor coordinators

to B S EN 115873 should be fitted and fully

operational in all cases w here the doors are

self-closing.

Installation and workmanshipThe reliability and perform ance of correctly

specified fire-resisting doors can be underm ined

by inadequate installation. It is im portant that

installers w ith the necessary level of skill and

know ledge are used. Accreditation schem es for

installers of fire-resisting doors are available.

Fire-resisting doors and shutters w ill require

routine m aintenance, particularly to pow er

operation and release and closing m echanism s.

Further inform ation is available on fire-resisting

doors in B S 8214.41 If you are unsure about the

quality, the effectiveness or the fitting of your

fire-resisting doors consult a fire safety expert.

For further guidance on the selection and

m aintenance of door furniture suitable for use

on tim ber fire resisting and escape doors refer

to the B uilding H ardw are Industry Federation

(BH IF) Code of Practice –H ardw are for Tim ber

Fire and Escape D oors.74

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B3 Door-fastening devices

The relationship betw een the securing of

doors against unw anted entry and the ability toescape through them easily in an em ergency

has often proved problem atical. Careful

planning and the use of quality m aterials

rem ain the m ost effective m eans of satisfying

both of these objectives.

Any device that im pedes people m aking good

their escape, either by being unnecessarily

com plicated to m anipulate or not being readily

openable, w ill not be acceptable.

G uidance on fire exits starts from the position

that doors on escape routes should not befitted w ith any locking devices (electrically

operated or otherw ise). H ow ever, it is accepted

that in m any cases the need for security w ill

require som e form of device that prevents

unlim ited access but still enables the occupants

of a building or area to open the door easily

if there is a fire. These devices can take m any

form s but, in the m ajority of cases, prem ises

w here there are m em bers of the public present

or others w ho are not fam iliar w ith the building

should use panic exit bar devices (i.e. push

bars or touch bars). See B S EN 112542 for

further inform ation

Prem ises that have lim ited num bers of staff or

others w ho are fam iliar w ith the building and

w here panic is not likely m ay use devices (i.e.

push pads or lever handles). See B S EN 17943

for further inform ation.

In som e larger prem ises, w hen only certainstaff are on the prem ises and there is a security

issue, it m ay be acceptable to restrict the

num ber of em ergency exits im ediately

available, e.g. w hen only security staff are

124

Ideally the frame should be to the

same standard as the door,purchased together as a door set

Door closer, see BS EN 115438 for

further information

Hinges – see BS 1935.37 Hinges should

be tested as part of the door set to

BS EN 1634-239

Vision panel should be fire-resisting glazing

Door handles and locks – see BS EN 190686

Annex C and BS EN 1220985 Annex A

respectively for further information.

Door handles and locks should be tested

as part of a door set – see BS EN 1634-135

for further information

Securing device –

lock, emergency

exit device

or panic

exit device. See

BS EN 12209,85BS EN 17943

or BS EN 112542

respectively for

further information

Intumescent strip and cold smoke seal

to resist the passage of smoke and fire

Figure 61: A fire resisting and smoke stopp ing door


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present at night, or prior to opening the prem ises

in the m orning. Staff should be m ade fully aw are

of any restrictions and the num ber of exits not

im m ediately available should be lim ited.

Electrical locking devicesElectrically operated entry control devices have

been developed for use as locking devices on

fire exits. They fall into tw o m ain categories,

electronm echanical and electrom agnetic.

• Electrom echanical devices

Electrom echnical devices com prise

electrom echanical lock keeps and draw bolts,

w hich can be controlled by people inside the

prem ises by entering a code or by using ‘sm art

cards’, w hich have been adapted to control the

exit from certain areas. These devices havebeen fitted in m any prem ises and m ay be

linked to the fire-detection and/or w arning

system . Experience has show n that these

devices can fail to open in a num ber of w ays.

They are dependent on a spring m echanism to

return the lock keep or draw bolt(s) and are

liable to jam w hen pressure is applied to the

door. It is also relatively easy to fit them

incorrectly. Electrom echanical locking devices

are norm ally unacceptable on escape doors,

unless they are fitted w ith a m anual m eans of

overriding the locking m echanism such as apush bar, push pad or lever handle or that

they do not rely on a spring m echanism , fail-

safe open and are not affected by pressure,

in w hich case the criteria for electrom agnetic

devices should be applied.

• Electrom agnetic devices

These devices com prise of a m agnet and a

sim ple fixed retaining plate w ith no m oving

parts and are therefore generally considered

to be m ore reliable due to their inherent ‘fail-

safe unlocked’operation. Electrom agnetic lockingdevices go som e w ay to addressing the

particular concerns surrounding electrom echanical

locking system s. The release of this type of

device is controlled by the interruption of

electrical current to an electrom agnet either

m anually via a sw itch or other m eans, break-

glass point (typically coloured green), or by

linking to the fire-w arning and/or detection

system of the prem ises.

Time-delay devices on escape routesA further developm ent is the fitting of a tim e-

delay system to the electronic door-locking

device. This delays the actual opening of an

exit door for a variable period follow ing

operation of the panic bar or other exit device.

Periods of betw een five and 60 seconds can be

pre-set at the m anufacturing stage or can be

adjusted w hen fitted. These are not usually

acceptable for use by m em bers of the public,

pupils or students. H ow ever, they m ay beacceptable in non-student areas for use by staff

w ho are fam iliar w ith their operation and are

suitably trained in their use.

Management of electronic door-controldevices including time delaysThe use of such devices m ay be accepted by

enforcing authorities if the responsible person

can dem onstrate, through a suitable risk

assessm ent for each individual door, both the

need and the adequate m anagem ent controls

to ensure that people can escape safely from

the prem ises. In particular:

• Access control should not be confusedw ith exit control. M any devices are

available w hich control the access to the

prem ises but retains the im m ediate escape

facility from the prem ises.

• In public areas, w hen push bars areoperated on escape doors, they should

release the electrom agnetic locks

im m ediately and allow the exit doors to open.

• The requirem ent for exit control should becarefully assessed and should not be seenas a substitute for good m anagem ent of the

em ployees and occupants.

• All other alternatives should have beenexplored/evauated prior to using these

devices to ensure they do not affect the

safety of occupants.

• The device should be connected to thefire w arning and/or detection system .

• The device should incorporate a bypass

circuit for im m ediate release on activationof the fire w arning and/or detection system .

• Each door should be fitted w ith a singlesecuring device.

• The em ergency exit doors should beclearly labelled about how to operate them .

• Adequate control m easures shouldbe put in place to ensure the safety of

the occupants.

The use of electronic door-locking devices

should be considered w ith particular carein prem ises w ith a num ber of different

occupancies. The m anagem ent of a com plicated

system of evacuation for m any different groups

is unlikely to be practicable.

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The technical standards in respect of sourcing,

m aintaining and testing m ust be extrem ely high.

W hen part of the m anagem ent control system

involves trained personnel helping others at

these doors, it is vital to ensure these peopleare available.

The use of exit control devices should not

be considered w here the num ber of trained

personnel is low or students/pupils w ould be

expected to operate the devices w ithout help.

Their use in educational prem ises should

generally be restricted to staff only areas of

the prem ises.

In prem ises w here there m ay be large num bers

of people, the devices should only be considered

w hen linked to a com prehensive autom atic fire-

detection and w arning system in accordance

w ith BS 5839-1.16 There should be an additional

m eans of m anually overriding the locking

device at each such exit (typically a green

break-glass point).

The use of tim e-delay system s that prevent the

opening of em ergency exits for a pre-set tim e

are prim arily used to im prove security. These

add a further layer of com plexity to the fire

strategy and should not be considered in areas

used by students/pupils. They should onlybe used in staff areas w hen all other options

such as exterior boundary m anagem ent have

been addressed.

British Standard 822044 gives further advice on

security in buildings and w hile this standard

does refer to electronic locking devices, it also

acknow ledges that the balance m ust rem ain

on the side of em ergency escape rather

than security.

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General considerationsThis appendix offers additional inform ation

about listed and historical buildings.

Fire risk assessm ents conducted for an

educational prem ises w hich is w ithin a listed

or historic building w ill need to ensure that a

balance is struck betw een ensuring sufficient

fire safety m easures are in place for the safety

of people, yet avoid extensive alterations and

helping to m aintain the character of the building.

As w ell as the fire risk assessm ent it is

recom m ended that a general fire policy statem ent

and m anual is com piled. A person m ust be

nom inated to take responsibility for all aspects

of fire safety. U sually the person charged w ith

the m anagem ent and control of the prem ises

w ill be the ‘responsible person’under the O rder.1

The advice and/or consent of a building

control body or any other relevant bodies (e.g.

English H eritage)should form part of any firerisk assessm ent that im pacts on the character

of the building (e.g. replacem ent of doors,

fittings, w ooden panelling and dècor) or m aterial

changes to existing escape routes. An ideal

solution is one that is reversible, enabling the

historic elem ents to be reinstated.

A fire safety advisor w ill be able to suggest

alternatives to conventional fire precautions,

such as:

• a fire engineering solution;

• upgrading existing doors and partitions in asym pathetic m anner to im prove their fire

resistance; and

• considering the installation of specialistfire-detection or suppression system s.

Should the design and nature of the historic

building preclude the introduction of

conventional fire safety features, it w ill be

necessary to m anage the building in such a

w ay that:

• lim its the num ber of occupants, either staffor m em bers of the public, inside the

building;

• lim its activities in the building; and

• provides adequate supervision w ithin thebuilding.

H istoric buildings that open to the public m ay

w ish to designate parts as ‘off lim its’to the

general public. The locking of internal doors or

the use of fixed or m ovable barriers should not

restrict alternative escape routes being m ade

available.

Liaison with the fire and rescue service

The responsible person w ill need to ensureeffective liaison w ith the fire and rescue service

to enable them to carry out firefighting

operations. These m ay include inform ation on:

• the provision of w ater supplies, seasonalponds, lakes and underground tanks, and

any associated pum ps;

• difficult access for fire engines;

• particular hazards in the constructionfeatures of the building (including

asbestos);

• the use of com bustible under floorinsulation;

• underground vaults ducts and voids w herefire m ay spread unchecked;

• w orn stone slabs in stairw ay construction; and

• the presence of cast iron colum ns andw rought iron beam s.

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Appendix C

H istoric buildings


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128

Emergency planningAn im portant consideration for the ow ners and

trustees is the protection of valuable artefacts

and paintings from the effects of fire. H ow ever,

the efficient evacuation of all occupants m ust

take precedence over procedures for lim itingdam age to property and contents. Salvage

w ork should be lim ited to those parts of the

building not directly affected by the fire.

Fire w ardens and others tasked w ith carrying

out salvage w ork should have received form al

training, adequate protection and be fully

briefed about the health and safety risk

assessm ent carried out to identify the dangers

associated w ith this activity. Further detailed

advice on fire safety in historic buildings can

found in the follow ing publications:

• BS 7913: G uide to the principles of theconservation of historic buildings, British

Standards Institution.

• H eritage under fire: A guide to theprotection of historic buildings, Fire

Protection Association (for the U K W orking

Party on Fire Safety in H istoric B uildings)

1991, ISBN 0 902167 94 4.

• The Installation of Sprinkler System s inH istoric Buildings (H istoric Scotland

Technical Advice N ote S.), Fire ProtectionAssociation (TCRE D ivision/Scottish

Conservation Bureau, H ist.) 1998,

ISBN 1 900168 63 4.

• Fire Protection M easures in Scottish H istoricBuildings: Advice on M easures Required to

M inim ise the Likelihood of Fire Starting and

to Alleviate the D estructive Consequences

of Fire in H istoric B uildings (Technical

Advice N ote), TCRE D ivision/Scottish

Conservation Bureau, H ist. 1997,

ISBN 1 900168 41 3.

• Fire Risk M anagem ent in H eritage Buildings(Technical Advice N ote), TCRE

D ivision/Scottish Conservation Bureau,

H ist. 2001, ISBN 1 900168 71 5.

• Sum m ary and conclusions of the reportinto fire protection m easures for the Royal

Palaces by Sir Alan Bailey follow ing the

W indsor Castle fire, 1992.

• The fire at U pton Park, The N ational Trust.

• Tim ber panelled doors and fire,English H eritage

• Fire safety in historic tow n centres,English H eritage and Cheshire Fire and

Rescue Service.


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These definitions are provided to assist the

responsible person in understanding som e of

the technical term s used in this guide. They are

not exhaustive and m ore precise definitions

m ay be available in other guidance.

Appendix D

G lossary

Term Definition

Ac ces s room A room through which the only escape route from an inner room passes.

Ac c ommo da tio n s ta irw a y A s ta irw a y, a dd itio na l to tha t re q uire d fo r me a ns o f e sc a pe

purposes, provided for the convenience of occupants.

Altera tions no tic e If your premis es a re c ons id ered by the enforc ing a uthority to be

high risk, they ma y issue a n a lterations notice that req uires you to

inform them before making any material alterations to your premises.

Alte rna t ive es c a pe ro ute Es c a pe ro ut es s uffic ie ntly s e pa ra t ed by e it he r d ire c tio n a n d s p a ce ,

or by fire-resisting construction to ensure that one is still available

irrespective of the location of a fire.

Approved Document B (ADB)24 Guidance issued by Government in support of the fire safety

a spe cts of the building reg ula tions .

As low a s reaso nably practicable Is a concept where risks should continue to be reduced until yourea ch a point whe re the c os t a nd effort to reduc e the risk further

would be grossly disproportionate to the benefit achieved.

Automatic f ire-detection system A means of automatical ly detecting the products of a f ire and

se nding a signal to a fire w a rning s ystem. The de sign and

installation should conform to BS 5839-1. 16 S ee ‘Fire w arning’.

B a sement A s torey w ith a floor w hich a t s ome point is more tha n 1,200mm

below the highest level of ground adjacent to the outside walls,

unless , and for esc ape purposes only, such area has ad eq uate,

independent and separate means of escape.

Child Anyone who is not over compuls ory school a ge, i.e. before or jus ta fter their 16th birthda y.

Clas s 0, 1 or 3 surfa ce spread Clas se s of surfac e sprea d of fla me for ma teria ls neede d to line

of fla me the w a lls a nd ceilings of esca pe routes . S ee Appendix B for

further information.

Combus tible ma teria l A subs ta nce tha t c a n be burned

Compartment wa ll and/or f loor A f ire-resisting wa ll or f loor that sepa rates one f ire compartment

from another.

C ompetent pers on A pers on w ith enoug h tra ining and experienc e or know ledg e a nd

other q ualities to e nab le them properly to a ss ist in undertaking the

preventive a nd protective mea sures.


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130

Term Definition

Da ng erous s ubs ta nc e 1. A s ub sta nc e w hic h b ec aus e of its phys ic o-c hemic al or

chemical properties and the way it is used or is present at the

workplace creates a risk.

2. A substa nce subject to the Dangerous Subs tances and

Explos ive Atmos phere R eg ula tions 2002 (DS EAR).

Dea d end Area from w hich esca pe is poss ible in one d irec tion only.

Direc t dis ta nce The shortes t dis ta nce from a ny point w ithin the floor a rea to the

nearest storey exit, or fire-resisting route, ignoring walls, partitions

and fixings .

Domes tic premis es P remis es oc cupied a s a priva te dw elling , exc luding thos e a rea s

used in common b y the occ upants of more than one s uch dw elling.

Em ergency escape ligh ting Ligh ting p rovided to illum ina te escape routes tha t w ill func tion ifthe no rmal light ing fails.

Enfo rc ing autho rity The fire a nd res cue a utho rity o r a ny o the r a utho rity s pe cifie d in

Article 25 o f the Reg ula tory Re form (Fire S a fety) Orde r 2005.1

Esca pe route Route forming tha t pa rt of the mea ns of esca pe from a ny point in

the premises to a final exit.

Eva cua tion lift A lift tha t ma y be used for the eva cua tion of people w ith

disa bilities , o r others, in a fire

Exte rna l e sc a pe s ta ir S ta ir pro vid ing a n es ca pe ro ute , e xte rna l to the b uild ing .

Fa il-sa fe Locking a n output device w ith the a pplica tion of power a nd

having the d evice unloc k when the p ow er is removed . Also known

as fail unloc k, reverse a ction or powe r loc ked.

Fa lse a la rm A fire s igna l, usua lly from a fire w a rning sys tem, res ulting from a

ca use o ther tha n fire.

Fina l exit An exit from a building w here people ca n continue to disperse in

sa fety and where they a re no longer a t da nger from fire a nd/or smoke.

Fire c ompa rtment A build ing , or pa rt o f a build ing , c ons truc ted to prevent the s prea d

of fire to or from another part of the same building or an adjoining

building.

Fire door A door or shutter, together w ith its fra me a nd furniture, provided

for the pas sa ge of people, a ir or good s which, w hen closed , is

intended to restrict the pa ss a ge of fire a nd/or smoke to a

predicta ble level of performance .

Firefig hting lift A lift, d es ig ned to ha ve a dd itiona l protec tion, w ith c ontrols tha t

ena ble it to b e us ed under the direct co ntrol of the fire a nd resc ue

service when fighting a fire.

Firefig hting s ha ft A fire -re sis ting enc lo sure co nta ining a firefig hting s ta ir, fire ma ins ,

firefighting lobb ies a nd, if provided , a firefighting lift.


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Term Definition

Firefighting s ta irw a y S ee firefighting sha ft.

Fire-res is ta nce The a bility o f a c omponent or c ons truction of a building to s atis fy,

for a s ta ted period of time, so me o r all of the a ppropria te c riteria

of releva nt sta nda rds . (Ge nerally de sc ribed as 30 minutes fire-

resisting o r 60 minutes fire-res isting.) Se e B S EN 1363-1,45

BS 476-732 and associated standards for further information.

Fire s a fe ty ma na g er A no mina te d pers on w ith res po ns ib ility fo r c a rrying out d a y-to -d a y

ma nag ement of fire s afety. (This ma y or may not be the sa me a s

the ‘respons ible person’.)

Fire sa fety s tra teg y A number of pla nned and co-ord ina ted arra ng ements des ig ned

to reduce the risk of fire a nd to ensure the s a fety of peo ple if there

is a fire.

Fire s topping A sea l provided to c lose a n imperfec tion of fit or des ign tolera ncebetween elements or components, to restrict the passage of fire

and smoke.

Fire-w arning sys tem A mea ns of a lerting people to the exis tenc e of a fire.

(See automatic fire detection system.)

Fla mma ble ma teria l Ea sily ignited and ca pa ble of burning ra pidly.

Highly fla mma ble G enera lly liq uids with a fla shpoint of below 21° C.

(The C hemica ls (Haza rd Informa tion a nd P a ckag ing for Supply)

Reg ulations 200246 (CHIP) give mo re deta iled guidanc e.)

Ha za rdous subs ta nce 1. S ee Da ngerous subs ta nce.

2. A substa nce s ubject to the C ontrol of Subs tances Hazardous to

Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH).

Inner room A room from which esca pe is poss ible only by pa ss ing through

a nother room (the a cc es s room).

Lic ens ed premis es Any premis es tha t req uire a lic enc e und er a ny s ta tute to und erta ke

trade or conduct business activities.

Ma teria l c ha ng e An a ltera tion to the premis es , proc es s or s ervic e w hic h s ig nific antly

affects the level of risk to people from fire in those premises.

Mea ns of es ca pe Route(s) provided to ensure sa fe egress from premis es or other

loca tions to a plac e of tota l safety.

P lace o f reasonab le sa fe ty A p lace w ithin a b uild ing or s t ruc ture where , fo r a lim ited period o f

time, people will have some protection from the effects of fire and

sm oke. This plac e, us ually a co rrido r or sta irwa y, will norma lly

have a minimum of 30 minutes fire resista nce and a llow people

to continue their escape to a place of total safety.

P la ce of tota l s afety A pla ce, a wa y from the premis es , in w hich people a re a t no

immed iate da nger from the e ffects of a fire.


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Term Definition

P remises Any pla ce, such a s a building a nd the immedia te la nd bounded by

any e nclosure of it, any tent, movea ble or temporary structure or

any insta llation or w orkplac e.

P rotected lobby A fire-res is ting enc losure provid ing access to an es ca pe sta irwa y

via two sets of fire doors and into which no room opens other

than toilets a nd lifts.

P rotected sta irw ay A s ta irw ay w hich is adeq ua tely protec ted from the res t of the

building by fire-res ist ing co nstruction.

P rotected route An esca pe route w hich is adeq ua tely protec ted from the res t of

the building by fire-resisting construction.

Refuge A pla ce of rea sona ble sa fety in w hich a dis a b led person a nd

others w ho may need as sitance may rest or wait for ass ista nce

before rea ching a pla ce of tota l sa fety. It sho uld lead directly to afire-resisting escape route.

Res po ns ib le pe rs on The pers on ultima tely re spo ns ib le fo r fire sa fe ty a s de fine d in the

Reg ula tory Re form (Fire S a fety) Orde r 2005.1

Releva nt persons Any pers on la wfully on your premises and any person in the

immediate vicinity, but does not include firefighters carrying out

firefighting duties .

S elf-c los ing device A devic e tha t is ca pa ble of c los ing the door from a ny a ng le and

against any latch fitted to the door.

S ig nifica nt find ing A fea ture of the premis es , from w hic h the fire ha za rd s a ndpersons at risk are identified.

The a ctions yo u have taken o r will take to remove o r reduc e the

chance of a fire occuring or the spread of fire and smoke.

The a ctions peo ple need to ta ke in ca se of fire.

The nec es sa ry information, instruction a nd training neede d a nd

how it will be given.

S moke a la rm Device conta ining w ithin one hous ing a ll the components , except

possibly the energy source, for detecting smoke and giving an

aud ible a la rm.

S ta ged fire a la rm A fire w arning w hich ca n be g iven in tw o or more s ta ges for

different purposes within a given area (i.e. notifying sta ff, s tand by

to e vac uate, full evacua tion).

S torey exit A fina l exit or a doorw a y g iving direct a ccess into a protec ted

stairway, firefighting lobby, or external escape route

Tra vel dis ta nce The a ctua l d is ta nce to be tra velled by a person from a ny point

within the floor area to the nearest storey exit or final exit, having

reg a rd to the layout of w alls, pa rtitions a nd fixings .


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Term Definition

Vis ion pa nel A tra nspa rent pa nel in a wa ll or door of a n inner room ena bling the

occ upant to bec ome a wa re of a fire in the ac ces s a rea during the

early stages.

Wa y g uida nce Low mounted luminous tra cks pos itioned on esca pe routes in

combination with exit indicators, exit marking and intermediate

direction indica tors a long the route, provided for use when the

supply to the normal lighting fails, which do not rely on an

electrica l supply for their luminous output

Where nec es sa ry The Ord er req uires tha t fire prec autions (s uc h a s firefig hting

equipment, fire detection and warning, and emergency routes and

exits) should be provided (and maintained) ‘where nec es sa ry’.

What this mea ns is that the fire preca utions you mus t provide

(and maintain) are those which are needed to reasonably protect

releva nt pers ons from risks to them in ca se of fire. This w ill bedete rmined by the findings of your risk a ss ess ment, including the

preventative mea sures you ha ve or will ha ve ta ken. In practice,

it is very unlikely that a properly conducted fire risk assessment,

which takes into account all the matters relevant for the safety of

persons in case of fire, will conclude that no fire precautions

(including ma intenanc e) are nec ess a ry.

Young person (a ) A person a ged 16 yea rs , from the da te on w hich he a tta ins tha t

a ge until a nd including the 31st August w hich next follow s that d ate .

(b) A person a ge d 16 yea rs and over who is undertaking a co urse

of full-time education at a school or college which is not advanced

education.

(c) A person a ge d 16 yea rs and over who is undertaking a pproved

tra ining tha t is not provided through a contrac t of employment.

For the purposes of pa ragraphs (b) and (c) the perso n:

(a) sha ll ha ve c ommenc ed the c ourse o f full-time e duca tion o r

approved training before attaining the age of 19 years; and

(b) shall not have attained the age of 20 years.


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The follow ing docum ents are referenced in this guide. W here dated, only this version applies.

W here updated, the latest version of the docum ent applies.

1 Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) O rder 2005, SI 2005/1541. The Stationery O ffice, 2005.

ISBN 0 11 072945 5.

2 Fire Precautions Act 1971 (c 40). The Stationery O ffice, 1971. ISBN 0 10 544071 X .

3 Fire Precautions (W orkplace) Regulations 1997, SI 1997/1840. The Stationery O ffice 1997.

ISBN 0 11 064738 6.

4 Fire Precautions (W orkplace) (Am endm ent) Regulations 1999, SI 1999/1877.

The Stationery O ffice, 1999. ISB N 0 11 082882 8.

5 H ealth and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996, SI 1996/341.

The Stationery O ffice, 1996. ISBN 0 11 054093 X .

6 Safety signs and signa ls. The Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signa ls) Regula tions 1996.

Gui dan ce on regul ati ons, L64. H SE B ooks, 1996. ISBN 0 7176 0870 0.7 D angerous Substances and Explosive A tm ospheres Regulations 2002, SI 2002/2776.


8 Dangerous substan ces an d explosive atmospheres. Dangerous Substan ces an d Explosive

Atmospheres Regula tions 2002. Approved code of practi ce an d gu idan ce, L138. H SE B ooks, 2003.

ISBN 0 7176 2203 7.

9 Storage of fu ll an d empty LPG cyli nders and car tri dges. Code of practice 7. LP G as Association,

2000. Available from LP G as Association, Pavilion 16, H eadlands Business Park, Salisbury Road,

Ringw ood, H am pshire BH 24 3PB .

10 Main taini ng portable electri cal equi pment i n offi ces and other low-r isk envi r onmen ts, IN D G 236.

H SE Books, 1996. (ISBN 0 7176 1272 4 single copy free or priced packs of 10).

11 Construction (H ealth, Safety and W elfare) Regulations 1996, SI 1996/1592. The Stationery O ffice,

1996. ISBN 0 11 035904 6.

12 A guide to the Constru ction (Heal th, Safety and Welfa re) Regula tions 1996, IN D G 220.

H SE Books, 1996. (ISBN 0 7176 1161 2 single copy free or priced packs of 10).

Health and safety in construction, H SG 150 (second edition). H SE B ooks, 2001. ISBN 0 7176 2106 5.

13 D isability D iscrim ination Act 1995 (c 50). The Stationery O ffice, 1995. ISB N 0 10 545095 2.

14 BS 8300:The design of bu i ld in gs an d their approaches to meet the needs of di sabled people. Code

of practi ce. British Standards Institution. ISB N 0 580 38438 1.

15 O D PM /CACFO A/BFPSA guidance on reducing false alarm s.

16 BS 5839-1:Fir e detection and a lar m systems for bu i ldi ngs. Code of practice for system design,

in stallation, commi ssioni ng and main tenance. British Standards Institution.

ISBN 0 580 40376 9.

17 M anual H andling O perations Regulations 1992, SI 1992/2793. The Stationery O ffice, 1992.

ISBN 0 11 025920 3.

18 BS 5306-8:Fir e exti nguishing in stalla tion s and equipmen t on premises. Selection and

in stalla tion of portable fir e exti nguishers. Code of practi ce British Standards Institution

ISBN 0 580 33203 9

19 BS 5306-3:Fir e exti nguishing in stalla tion s and equipmen t on premises. Code of practice for the

in spection and maintenan ce of portable fir e exti ngu ishers. British Standards Institution.

ISBN 0 5808 42865 6.

20 BS 7863:Recommendati ons for colour codin g to indi cate the exti ngu ishing media contai ned in

portable fi re exti ngui shers. British Standards Institution. ISB N 0 580 25845 9.

21 BS EN 671-3:Fixed f ir efi ghtin g systems. Hose systems. Mai n tenan ce of hose reels wi th semi -ri gid

hose an d hose systems wi th l ay- flat hose. British Standards Institution. ISB N 0 580 34112 7.

22 BS EN 12845:Fixed fi r efi ghtin g systems. Automatic spri nkler systems. Design, instal la tion an d

maintenance. British Standards Institution. ISB N 0 580 44770 7.

23 W orkplace (H ealth, Safety and W elfare) Regulations 1992, SI 1992/3004. The Stationery O ffice,

1992. ISBN 0 11 025804 5.

R eferences


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24 The Buil di ng Regula tions 2000: Approved Document B fi r e safety. The Stationery O ffice.

ISBN 0 11 753911 2.

25 Local G overnm ent (M iscellaneous Provisions) Act 1982 (c 30). The Stationery O ffice, 1982.

ISBN 0 10 543082 X.

26 BS 5395-2:Stai rs, ladders an d wa lkways. Code of practice for the design of industri al type stai rs,

perman en t ladders and wal kways. British Standards Institution. ISB N 0 580 14706 1.

27 BS 5266-8:Emergency l ighti ng. Code of practi ce for emergency escape lighti ng systems.

British Standards Institution.

27A BS 5266-1:Emergency li ghting. Code of practi ce for the emergency li ghtin g of premises.


28 BS EN 1838:Lighti ng appli cations. Emergency l ighti ng. British Standards Institution.

ISBN 0 580 32992 5.

29 BS 5499-5:Graphical symbols and signs. Safety signs, includi ng fir e safety signs.

Sign s wi th specif ic safety mean ings. British Standards Institution.

30 BS 7974:Appli cation of fi r e safety engineeri ng prin ciples to the design of bui ldi ngs.

Code of practi ce. British Standards Institution. ISB N 0 580 38447 0.

31 Successfu l health and safety management, H SG 65 (second edition). H SE B ooks, 1997.

ISBN 0 7176 1276 7.

32 BS 476-7:Fir e tests on bu i ldi ng materials and stru ctur es. Method of test to determi ne

the classi fi cati on of the sur face spread of flame of produ cts . British Standards Institution.

33 BS EN 13501-1:Fire classifi cation of constru ction products and bu il ding elements. Classifi cation

usin g test data fr om r eacti on to fir e tests. British Standards Institution.

34 Guideli nes for the constru ction of fi r e-resistin g stru ctural elemen ts , BR 128. Building Research

Establishm ent, 1988.

35 BS EN 1634-1:Fir e resistan ce tests for door an d shu tter assembli es. Fir e doors an d shu tters.

British Standards Institution. ISB N 0 580 32429 X .

36 BS 476-22:Fire tests on bu il di ng materi als and stru ctur es. Methods for determi nati on

of the fi r e resistan ce of non -loadbear in g elements of constru ction . British Standards Institution.

ISBN 0 580 15872 1.

37 BS EN 1935:Buil di ng hardwar e. Single-ax is hi nges. Requi rements and test methods.

British Standards Institution. ISB N 0 580 39272 4.

38 BS EN 1154:Buil di ng hardwar e. Contr olled door closing devices. Requ ir ements an d test methods.


39 BS EN 1634-2:Fir e resistan ce tests for door an d shutter assembl ies. Part 2 . Fir e door har dwar e.

Bui ldi ng hardwar e for fi r e-resistin g doorsets and openable win dows. British Standards Institution.

40 BS 5839-3:Fire detection and a lar m systems for bui ldi ngs. Specifi cation for automa tic r elease

mechan isms for certai n fir e protection equi pmen t. British Standards Institution.

ISBN 0 580 15787 3.

41 BS 8214:Code of practi ce for f i r e door assembl ies wi th n on-metal li c leaves. British StandardsInstitution. ISB N 0 580 18871 6.

42 BS EN 1125:Bui ldi ng har dware. Pan ic exit devices opera ted by a horizontal bar. Requi rements

an d test methods. British Standards Institution. ISB N 0 580 44586 0.

43 BS EN 179:Bui ldi ng har dwar e. Emergency exi t devices opera ted by a lever handle or push pad.

Requi rements and test methods British Standards Institution. ISB N 0 580 28863 3.

44 BS 8220:Guide for secur ity of bu il dings again st crime. British Standards Institution.

ISBN 0 580 23692 7.

45 BS EN 1363-1:Fir e resistan ce tests. General requ ir ements . British Standards Institution.

ISBN 0 580 32419 2.

46 Chem icals (H azard Inform ation and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 2002, SI 2002/1689.


47 BS 5588-12:Fire precauti ons in the design, constru ction and use of bui ldi ngs –

Part 12: Man agin g fir e safety . British Standards Institution. ISB N 0 580 44586 0.

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136

48 The Electricity at W ork Regulations 1989, SI 1989/635.

49 The Electrical Equipm ent (Safety) Regulations 1994, SI 1994/3260.

50 The Construction (D esign and M anagem ent) Regulations 1994 (CO N D AM /CD M Regs). H M SO , 1994.

51 Constru ction In formation Sheet No. 51: Constru ction fir e safety. H ealth and Safety Executive.

52 Fire safety in constru ction work. H ealth and Safety Executive. ISBN 0 7176 1332 1.53 Fir e preven tion on con stru ction si tes. The join t code of practi ce on the protection f rom fi r e of

constru ction sites and bui ldi ngs un dergoin g renovation (fifth edition). Fire Protection

Association and Construction Federation, 2000. ISB N 0 902167 39 1.

54 BS 7157:Method of test for ign itabili ty of fabr ics used i n the constru ction of lar ge ten ted

structures . British Standards Institution.

55 BS 6661:Guide for the design , constru ction and maintenan ce of sin gle-skin ai r supported

structures . British Standards Institution.

56 Design , constru ction, specifi cation and fir e management of in sul ated envelopes for temperatu re

controlled envir onments. International Association for Cold Storage Construction.

57 The Furniture and Furnishings (Fire) (Safety) Regulations 1988. The Stationery O ffice.

ISBN 0 11 087324 6.58 The Furniture and Furnishings (Fire) (Safety) (Am endm ent) Regulations 1989. The Stationery

O ffice. ISBN 0 11 098358 0.

59 BS 5867:2 Specifi cation for fabri cs for cur tains and dr apes. Flammabi li ty requir ements.


60 BS 1892:2 Gymnasium equi pmen t. Parti cula r r equi rements. Specifi cation for boxin g ri ngs.


61 BS 5588-6:Fir e precauti ons in the design , constru ction and u se of bu il dings. Code of practice for

pla ces of assembly . British Standards Institution. ISB N 0 580 19865 0.

62 BS 5306-2:Fir e exti nguishing in stalla tion s and equipment on premises. Specifi cation for

spri nkler systems. British Standards Institution.

63 BS 5588-5:Fir e precauti ons in the design , constru ction and u se of bu il dings. Access and fa cili ties for fir efighting. British Standards Institution. ISB N 0 580 43804 X.

64 The Buil di ng Regula tions 1991: Approved Document M access to and use of bui ld ings

(2004 edition).

65 BS 5588-8:Fir e precauti ons in the design , constru ction and u se of bu il dings. Code of practice for

mean s of escape for di sabl ed people. British Standards Institution. ISB N 0 580 28262 7.

66 CIBSE Guide Volume E: Fire engin eeri ng. Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, 1997.

67 Design methodologies for smoke and heat exhau st ven ti la tion , Report 368, BRE, 1999.

68 A gui de to best pra ctice in the specif ica tion and u se of fi r e-resistan t glazed systems.

G lass and G lazing Federation, 2005.

69 In creasing the fi r e resistance of exi sting timber doors, Inform ation Paper 8/82. BRE.

70 Fir e resisting doorsets by upgradi ng , W ood Inform ation Sheet 1-32. Tim ber Research andD evelopm ent Association.

71 BS 4787-1:In ternal and extern al wood doorsets, door leaves and frames. Specif icati on for

dimensional r equi rements. British Standards Institution.

72 BS EN 1155:Bui ldi ng har dware. Electri cally powered hold-open devices for swin g doors.

Requi rements an d test methods. British Standards Institution.

73 BS EN 1158:Bui ldi ng har dware. Door coord in ator devices. Requi rements and test methods.


74 Code of practi ce: Har dwar e for timber fi r e and escape doors. The B ritish H ardw are Industry

Federation (BH IF).

75 BS 5266-6:Emergency li ghtin g. Code of practice for n on-electri cal low moun ted way guidan ce

systems for emergency use. Photoluminescen t systems. British Standards Institution.

76 Toys (Safety) Regulations, 1995. SI 1995/204.

77 Access for di sabled people to school bu i ld in gs: Management an d design gui de, Building B ulletin

91. The Stationery O ffice, 1999. ISBN 0 902167 42 1.


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78 BS EN 3-7:Portable fi r e exti ngui shers. Char acteristics, per formance requ ir ements an d test

methods. British Standards Institution.

79 BS 5499-4:Safety signs, includi ng fir e safety signs. Code of practice for escape route signi ng.


80 BS 5287:Specif icati on for assessment an d labelli ng of texti le floor coveri ng tested to BS 4790.


81 BS EN 1101:Texti les and textile products. Bur ni ng behaviour. Curta in s and dr apes.

Detai led pr ocedu re to determi ne the igni tabil ity of verti cally ori en tated specimens (sma ll flame).


82 BS EN 1102:Texti les and textile products. Bur ni ng behaviour. Curta in s and dr apes.

Detai led procedu re to determi ne the flame spread of verticall y orien tated specim ens.


83 BS 5852:Methods of test for the assessment of the igni tabi li ty of upholstered seati ng by smolderi ng

and flame ignition. British Standards Institution.

84 BS 7176:Specifi cation for r esistance to igni tion of upholstered fu r ni tur e for n on-domestic seating

by testi ng composi tes. British Standards Institution.

85 BS EN 12209:Bui ldi ng ha rdwar e locks and latches. Mechan ical ly operated locks, latches and

locking plate. British Standards Institution. ISB N 0 580 43143 6.

86 BS EN 1906:Bui ldi ng har dware. Lever handles and knob fur n itu re. Requi rements and test

methods. British Standards Institution. ISB N 0 580 39271 6.

87 BS 5306-1:Fir e exti ngui shi ng in stal la tions an d equi pment on premi ses. Hydr an t systems, hose

reels and foam in lets. British Standards Institution.


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138

Further reading

The latest versions of all docum ents listed in

this section should be used, including any

am endm ents.

Any view s expressed in these docum ents are

not necessarily those of the D CLG .

B S 4422 Fire. Voca bula ry. B ritish S ta nda rds Ins titution.

B S PD 6512-3 Use of elements of s truc tura l fire protec tion w ith pa rticula r

reference to the reco mmenda tions given in B S 5588 Fire

precautions in the design and construction o f buildings.

Guide to the fire performance of glass. British Standards

Institution.

B S EN 81-70 S a fety rules for the cons truc tion a nd ins ta lla tion of lifts .

Pa rticular a pplica tions for pas senger a nd g oods pas senger lifts.

Accessibility to lifts for persons including persons with disability.

British S tand a rds Institution.

B S 5041-1 Fire hydra nt sys tems eq uipment. S pec ific a tion for la nd ing va lves

for wet rise rs. British S ta nda rds Institution.

B S 5041-2 Fire hydra nt sys tems eq uipment. S pec ific a tion for la nd ing va lves

for dry risers. British Standards Institution.

B S 5041-3 Fire hydra nt sys tems eq uipment. S pec ific a tion for inlet breeching sfor dry riser inlets. British Standards Institution.

B S 5041-4 Fire hydra nt sys tems eq uipment. S pec ific a tion for boxes for

landing valves for dry risers. British Standards Institution.

B S 5041-5 Fire hydra nt sys tems eq uipment. S pec ific a tion for boxes for foa m

inlets and dry riser inlets. British Standards Institution.

BS 9990 Co de of practice for non-automa tic firefighting sys tems in

buildings. British Standards Institution.

BS 7944 Type 1 hea vy duty fire blankets and type 2 hea vy duty hea t

protec tive b la nkets. British S tand ards Institution.

B S EN 1869 Fire bla nkets . B ritis h S ta nda rds Ins titution.

BS IS O 14520-1 Ga se ous fire-extinguishing sys tems. P hysical properties a nd

system design. General requirements. British Standards

Institution.

B S 5266-2 Emergency lig hting . Code of pra c tice for electric a l low mounted

way guidance for emergency use. British Standards Institution.

B S EN 60598-1 Lumina ires . G enera l req uirements a nd tes ts . B ritish S ta nda rds

Institution.

B S 5499-1 G ra phica l s ymbols a nd s ig ns . S a fety s igns , inc lud ing fire sa fety

signs. Specification for geometric shapes, colours and layout.

British S tand a rds Institution.


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139

B S EN 1634-3 Fire res is ta nce tes ts for door a nd shutter a ssemblies .

Smoke control doors and shutters. British Standards Institution.

Dra ft BS EN 14637 B uild ing ha rd wa re. Elec tric ally controlled hold -open sys tems for

fire/smo ke door a ss emblies . Req uirements , test method s,

a pplica tion a nd ma intenanc e. (Co nsultation do cument.) BritishStandards Institution.

B S EN 45020 S ta nda rdisa tion a nd rela ted ac tivities . G enera l voca bula ry. B ritish

Standards Institution.

IS O 13784-2 Rea ction to fire tests for sa ndw ich pa nel building sys tems .

P a rt 2: tes t method for large rooms . British S tand a rds Institution.

B S 5268-4.2 S truc tura l use of timber. Fire res is ta nce of timber s tructures .

Reco mmenda tions for calcula ting fire resistanc e of timber stud

wa lls and joisted floor co nstructions . B ritish S ta nda rds Institution.

Managing schoo l facilities guide 6: Fire Safety. DfES.

Fire safety in schools. Building our future: Scotland’s schoo l estate. Scottish Executive. ISBN 0 7559 4063 6.

Design Principles of Fire Safety The S ta tionery Office 1996 IS B N 0 11 753045 X

Che mica ls (Ha za rd Information a nd P a cka ging for S upply) Reg ula tions 2002, SI 2002/1689. The S ta tione ry

Office, 2002. ISBN 0 11 042419 0. Supporting guides: The idiot’s guide to CHIP 3: Chemicals (Hazard

Information and Packaging for Supp ly) Regulations 2002 , INDG 350. HS E B oo ks, 2002. (IS BN 0 7176 2333 5

single copy free or priced packs of 5); CHIP for everyone, HSG 228. HS E Bo oks, 2002. IS BN 0 7176 2370 X.

Guidance on the acceptance of electronic locks to d oors required for means of escape .

The C hief a nd Assista nt Chief Fire Office rs’ Ass oc ia tion.

Ensuring best practice for passive fire protec tion in buildings. Building Re se arch Esta blishment, 2003.

ISB N 1 870409 19 1.

Smoke shafts protec ting fire shafts; their perform ance and design, BRE Project Report 79204.

Building Res ea rch Esta blishment, 2002.

Fire safety of PTFE-based m aterial used in bu ilding, BRE Re port 274. B uilding Res ea rch Es tab lishment,

1994. ISBN 0 851256 53 8.

Fires and human behaviour. David Fulton Publishers, 2000. ISBN 1 85346 105 9.

Managem ent of health and safety at work. Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999.Approved co de of practice and guidance, L21 (second edition). HSE Books, 2000. ISBN 0 7176 2488 9.

LPC rules for autom atic sprinkler installations. The Fire P rote ct ion Ass oc ia tion, 2003.

Fire safety in const uction w ork, HSG 168. HS E Bo oks, 1997. IS BN 0 7176 1332 1.


26/30

Aaccess for firefighters 23, 24, 60, 61, 116,

117, 127

alarm s see fire detection and w arning system s

alterations 8, 26, 39, 48–9, 50, 61, 66, 131

alterations notices 33, 35, 40, 49, 129

arson 12, 15, 18, 19, 42–3, 44, 45, 55, 60

assem bly points 25, 38, 110, 111, 113

autom atic fire detection system s 20, 21, 43, 48,

54, 55, 75,76,

79, 88, 91–2, 98,100,

129

Bbasem ents 77, 78, 94, 96, 129

building w ork 8, 48–9

Ccavity barriers 26, 52, 65,120, 121

ceilings

fire-resisting 26, 65, 78

lining m aterials 13, 18, 26, 119, 121

children 6, 35, 98, 109, 129, 133

evacuating 24, 25, 38, 53, 87, 108, 110,

111, 113see also crèches; students/pupils

CLASP (Consortium of Local Authority Special

Program m e) construction m ethod 26, 52,

65, 120–1

classroom s 49

escape routes 26, 27, 70, 92,107

fire risk assessm ent 10, 39, 92

close dow n procedures 43, 46, 110

co-operation and co-ordination 5, 6, 34,

36–7, 110–11

com petent persons 6, 10, 129

conduction, fire spreading by 16construction, fire-resisting 25–6, 47, 50–1, 52,

65, 75,76, 82, 108, 119–21, 131

contingency plans 108, 109

contractors

certifying 31, 114, 123

fire safety training 6, 37, 109, 110, 111

m anaging 48–9

perm it to w ork 18, 48

risk to 14, 66, 108

source of ignition 12, 18, 48

convection, fire spreading by 16

cooking 12, 18, 43, 49, 51, 52, 59, 111

crèches 4, 15, 28, 87, 108

Ddangerous substances 7, 13, 14, 37, 109–10, 130

storage 18, 45–6, 110

dead ends

escape routes 65, 70, 74–5, 76–7, 130

fire alarm s 55

disability see people w ith special needs

display m aterials 18, 39, 42, 52, 70

doors

door-fastenings 87, 106,124,

124–6

door furniture 122–3, 124

final exit 26, 28, 31, 87, 110, 113

fire-resisting 52, 61, 65, 77, 94, 108, 111,

121–6, 130

glazing 122,124

m aintenance 7, 17, 30, 115, 116, 117, 123, 126

notices 103, 104

revolving 86

roller shutter doors 63, 86, 116

self-closing 63, 78, 94, 104, 108, 117, 122

sliding 86

vision panels 65, 124, 133

w icket 86

Eelectrical safety 12–13, 15, 18, 44, 46, 47, 48

em ergency escape lighting 28–9, 85, 101–2,

108, 130

tests, checks and m aintenance 30, 31, 32,

102, 106, 115, 116, 117

torches 28, 31, 101

em ergency plans 27, 33, 34–5, 37, 41, 60, 64,

106, 108–9, 111–12, 128

equipm ent and m achinery 12, 15, 18, 38, 39,

43, 46–7, 108, 112escape routes

age and construction of the prem ises 24,

25–6, 28, 49, 66

alternative exits 25, 73, 77, 81, 88, 90, 92,

112, 129

basem ents 77, 78, 94, 96, 129

corridors 27, 65, 66, 77, 78, 79, 80, 94,

96–8,99

dead ends 55, 70, 74–5, 76–7, 130

em ergency lighting 28–9, 85, 101–2, 108, 130

escape tim e 25, 28, 68

final exits 26, 28, 31, 54, 58, 70, 81, 87, 88,

110, 130

inner room s 72, 75, 131, 133

layouts 87–100

140

IndexPage num bers in italics refer to inform ation in Figures or Tables.


27/30

levels of risk 64, 66

lifts 27, 38, 66, 85, 108, 116, 130

lobbies 61, 65, 66, 77, 80, 89, 94, 96–8,

99, 132

m aintenance 7, 27, 28, 84, 85

m anaging 27, 66, 125–6num ber required 26, 28, 66, 88

obstructions 27, 28, 42, 48, 49, 65, 88, 115

people w ith special needs 24, 27, 28, 53

reception areas 83

roof exits 85,86

seating and gangw ays 69, 71

signs and notices 29–30, 36, 86, 103–5, 108

suitability 65

tests and checks 30–2, 102, 115, 116, 117

training 38, 111

travel distance 20, 25, 27, 55, 64, 68, 70–1,

74–5, 88, 93, 94, 96–7, 132

type and num ber of people using prem ises

25, 26, 28, 66, 89

w idths and capacity of 49, 60, 66, 68–9

see also doors; stairw ays

extinguishers 22–3, 24, 30, 31, 57–9, 106

Ffalse alarm s 21, 55, 56, 106, 130

fire

classes of 57–9

spread of 16–17, 38, 42, 49, 50–2, 85

fire blankets 59, 106

fire certificates 5, 52fire dam pers 51, 65

fire detection and w arning system s 20–2

autom atic fire detection system s 20, 21, 43,

48, 54, 55, 75,76, 79, 88, 91–2, 98,100, 129

auxiliary pow er supply 22, 56

false alarm s 21, 55, 56, 106, 130

m anual call points 21, 54–5, 56, 108, 113

m onitoring 21, 39, 54, 55, 56, 113

phased evacuation 25, 55, 60, 80, 109

quality assurance 114

record-keeping 56, 106

sm oke detectors 72, 77, 123, 132sound levels 54

staged alarm s 21, 25, 55–6, 60

tests and checks 7, 30, 31, 32, 56, 106,

112, 113

voice alarm s 21, 53, 54, 116

fire drills 37, 38, 106, 112–13

fire m arshals 22, 38, 111, 112, 113, 128

fire-resisting separation 50, 52, 65, 119–21

fire risk assessm ent

aim s 9

co-operation and co-ordination 5, 6, 34,

36–7, 110–11

em ergency plans 27, 33, 34–5, 37, 41, 60, 64,

106, 108–9, 111–12, 128

evaluating risk 11, 15–17, 32, 111

Fire Safety O rder and 5–8

flexibility 20, 41

historic buildings 65, 127–8

identifying fire hazards 11, 12–14, 33,

107, 118

identifying people at risk 11, 14–15, 33,107, 111, 118

inform ation and instruction 7, 35–6, 109–10

m ethod 10–11

plan of action 41

record-keeping 9,11, 33–4, 39, 106,107,

108, 118

rem oving or reducing fire hazards 17–19, 33,

41, 42, 118

rem oving or reducing risk to people 4–5, 11,

19–32, 33, 41, 42,107, 118

review ing 11, 39–40,118

sources of fuel 12, 13, 18–19, 42, 43–6, 64

sources of ignition 12–13, 15, 17–18, 44, 45,

46–8, 50

sources of oxygen 12, 13–14, 19

fire safety audit 106, 108

fire safety m anagem ent 4–5, 41, 48–9, 60

Fire Safety O rder 5–8, 10

fire stopping 65, 121, 131

fire suppression system s 23, 39, 43, 50, 51, 52,

59–60, 61, 62, 106, 108, 112, 116, 127

firefighters’sw itches 30, 60, 63, 107, 117

firefighting equipm ent and facilities 22–4

access for firefighters 23, 24, 60, 61, 116,

117, 127extinguishers 22–3, 24, 30, 31, 57–9, 106

fire suppression system s 23, 39, 43, 50, 51,

52, 59–60, 61, 62, 106, 108, 112, 116, 127

firefighters’sw itches 30, 60, 63, 108, 117

firefighting lifts and shafts 24, 27, 60, 61, 66,

85, 95, 110, 116, 130

foam inlets 23, 62

hose reels 23, 31, 59, 106

m aintenance 7, 23, 24, 30, 31, 32, 59, 60, 61,

62, 106, 115, 116, 117

quality assurance 114

rising m ains 23, 60, 62, 117signs 23, 63, 104

tests and checks 30, 31, 32, 59, 115, 116, 117

training 22, 36, 38, 57, 111

flam e-retardant m aterials 18, 19, 44, 51, 121

flam m able liquids 13, 18,19, 42, 44, 45–6, 57,

58, 131

floors

covering m aterials 13, 51

fire-resisting 26, 65, 119, 120

foam , fire risk of 13, 19, 44, 51

foam inlets 23, 62

foyers 51, 52

fuel, sources of 12, 13, 18–19, 42, 43–6, 64

furniture and furnishings 13, 18, 39, 44, 49,

51, 70

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Ggas cylinders 14, 19, 46, 49

see also LPG

glass, fire-resisting 120, 122

Hhazard

definition 9

identifying fire hazards 11, 12–14, 33,

107, 118

rem oving or reducing 17–19, 33, 41, 42,118

hazardous m aterials 17, 38, 39, 109, 110, 131

heating 12, 17, 46–7, 49, 50

historic buildings 65, 127–8

hose reels 23, 31, 59, 106

housekeeping 38, 43

Iignition, sources of 12–13, 15, 17–18, 44, 45,46–8, 50

inform ation and instruction 7, 35–6, 46, 47,

103–5, 109–10

insulated core panels 42, 50

Llaboratories 12, 54, 59

fire risk assessm ent 10, 43

lecture theatres 69, 70

fire risk assessm ent 7, 10

lifts

escape routes 27, 38, 66, 85, 108, 116, 130firefighting 24, 27, 60, 61, 66, 85, 95, 110,

116, 130

LPG 13, 46, 47, 49

lum inaires 101–2, 115, 116, 117

Mm aintenance

checklist 115–17

em ergency escape lighting 30, 31, 32, 102,

106, 115, 116, 117

equipm ent and m achinery 18, 46–7

escape routes 7, 27, 28, 84, 85fire detection and w arning system s 7, 30, 31,

32, 56, 106, 115, 116

fire doors 7, 17, 30, 115, 116, 117, 123, 126

firefighting equipm ent and facilities 7, 23, 24,

30, 31, 32, 59, 60, 61, 62, 106, 115, 116, 117

m arquees 49

escape routes 27, 70, 87

m ezzanine floors 88, 91

m ulti-occupied buildings 4, 5, 61

em ergency plans 35, 36, 106

escape routes 65, 85, 98

fire detection and w arning system s 21

fire risk assessm en

appendices 4

Documents