apes summer assignment 2014

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Questions? Email Mr. Schultze @ [email protected]

AP Environmental Science

Summer Assignment

The Summer Assignment is due on the first day of class

and will count as 15% of your First Quarter Grade.


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AP Environmental Science Summer Assignment(This assignment is due on the first day of class!)

Part 1 -Concept Formation and Review Basic Science Knowledge and Skills = 60%

Part 2 - Information Processing, Critical Thinking and Decision Making = 40%

Congratulations on your decision to take AP Environmental Science (APES). It is a

challenging and rewarding course. As a precursor, you will be required to complete

the following assignment as part of your preparation. The assignment is due on the

FIRST DAY OF CLASS, and will count as 15% of your first marking period grade.

PART 1: Review (60 points)

The questions below are to help you review basic math and science skills as well as

knowledge from your previous courses. When you begin AP Environmental Science,

you should already be familiar with these concepts. You may use references attached

to this assignment and any other resources as needed. Answer questions in the spaceprovided. You may use additional paper if needed. Show all work, where applicable.

1. Contrast environmental science with ecology.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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2-3. Draw an example of a food chain containing at least four organisms. Correctly

label each organism in your food chain with all of the terms that apply (each organism

may have more than one label): abiotic, biotic, herbivore, omnivore, carnivore,

decomposer, autotroph, heterotroph, producer, primary consumer, secondary

consumer, tertiary consumer


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4. What is the Greenhouse Effect?

______________________________________________________________________________

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5-7. Discuss three primary factors that determine climate zones.

______________________________________________________________________________

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8. What is Climate Change?______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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9-12. What is a biome? Give a brief general description of each of the following

biomes (including location, general flora and fauna):

Define: Biome -________________________________________________________________

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Desert-_______________________________________________________________________

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Grassland -____________________________________________________________________

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Taiga -_______________________________________________________________________

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Deciduous forest-______________________________________________________________

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13. What is a hectare?______________________________________________________________

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14-15. What are Prokaryotes? Eukaryotes? How are they similar/different? Answer this

question using a chart or a Venn Diagram.

16. What is the relationship between Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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17-20. For each of the following four types of molecules, explain what it is used for in

living things, and provide at least one example:

Carbohydrates - ___________________________________________________________________

Lipids - ____________________________________________________________________________

Proteins - __________________________________________________________________________

Nucleic acids - _____________________________________________________________________

21. What is evolution? Explain how evolution happens.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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22-23. What are the three main parts of an atom and how do they relate to atomic

number and atomic mass? How is an atom different from a molecule?

______________________________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________________________

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24. What is concentration? What is pH? What is the equation for pH?

______________________________________________________________________________

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25-26 Explain the Law of Conservation of Matter. Explain the First and Second Laws of

Thermodymanics. What is Entropy?

______________________________________________________________________________

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27-28. Balance the chemical equation below; identify the reactants and the products.

_____CO2+ ______H2O_______C6H12O6+ ______O2

29-30. The specific heat of ethanol is 2.46 J/g oC. Find the heat required to raise the

temperature of 193g of ethanol from 19oC to 35oC.

Ans.______________


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30-31. What is the volume of 3116.05 mg of a substance with a density of 1.8 g/cm3?

Ans._________________

32-34. Write the proper formula for the following six ions:

a. Nitrate Ans._________________

b. Nitrite Ans._________________

c. Phosphate Ans._________________

d. Sulfate Ans._________________

e. Carbonate Ans._________________

f. Ammonium Ans._________________

35-36. What is the formula for the following compounds?

a. Ozone Ans.________________

b. Sulfuric acid Ans.________________

c. Nitric acid Ans.________________

d. Carbon dioxide Ans.________________

e. Methane Ans.________________

37-38. What factors create carbonic acid? Write the balance equation for how it forms

from two common molecules.______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Ans.__________________________________________________

39-40. The speed limit on parts of I-80 is 65 mph. What is this speed in m/s?

Ans._________________


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50-52: A scientist measures the dissolved oxygen concentration in the top 30 cm of

Budd Lake. The dissolved oxygen measurements are shown below:

Time Dissolved Oxygen Concentration (mg/L)

6 AM 0.5

8 AM 1.5

10 AM 2.5

12 PM 3.5

2 PM 4.5

4 PM 6.5

6 PM 6.0

8 PM 5.5

10 PM 3.5

12 AM 2.0

2 AM 1.0

4 AM 0.5

Using the following graph, plot the results using a line graph.

53-55. Explain what is happening in the lake that is causing the observed results. How

might an increased level of wastes and nutrients (such as nitrates and phosphates)

flowing into the lake affect the amount of dissolved oxygen that is available for the

lakes aquatic organisms to use?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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56. What is the term used to describe the above effect in a lake?

Ans.__________________

57-60. Convert the following measurements (use attached reference charts):

Example #1 678.9 m = _______ km (0.6789 km)

57. 50505 ms = __________s

58. 0.033 kg = ______ dg

59. 52 mm = _______ cm

60. 4 das = ________ ds

PART 2: Environmental Science In The News (40 points)

The field of Environmental Science is constantly changing; to help you understand

current environmental issues, media sources and possible bias, find 5 different news

items that pertain to environmental issues. You are going to use these current events to

create the front pageof a newspaper, titled The Environmental Times. Each of youritems needs to be summarized into your own headline and article. Additionally, you will

write an editorial column for your front page.

STEP 1: Select your articles.

These articles can be from the newspaper, magazines, or online news sources. Each

article should be three or more paragraphs in length, and they must be dated between

January 2014 and August 2014. You will need to turn in the articles with your summer

assignment! You may turn in the original articles or make copies. Some examples of

environmental issues you may wish to look for are:

-Chemical contamination

-Population issues

-Oil spills

-Pesticides

-Air Pollution

-Climate Change

-Habitat destruction

-Endangered or threaten species

-Urban sprawl

-Energy resources (e.g., fossil fuels,

solar, wind)

-Water Pollution


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STEP 2: Carefully read each of your articles.

STEP 3: Write a headline and a summary for each article (in your own words)

Each summary should be at least 1-2 paragraphs in length. As you summarize eacharticle, consider the following questions (as they apply to each article):

-When does this environmental event take place?

-Where is this happening?

-Who is involved? How are they affected?

-What is the cause of the problem or event? What are the effects?

-How severe is this problem or event?

-Why is this environmental problem or event significant?

STEP 4: Find pictures or images to include on your front page to accompany your news

stories.

Your front page must have at least three relevant pictures that help the reader

understand the article.

STEP 5: Write an Editorial Column

As the sixth item on your front page, you will write an editorial. Your editorial should

express your response to the following questions, and it must be at least 200 words in

length: What do you think is the most critical environmental problem we are facing

today? Be sure to EXPLAIN the problem. Why do you think that this problem is the most

critical? What do you think could be done to help solve this problem?

STEP 6: Assemble the front page of your issue of the Environmental Times

You can type the information and physically cut/paste each piece onto your front

page. To be more environmentally friendly, use a program like Microsoft Publisher and

submit your Environmental Times to me via email before the first class meeting:

[email protected] .

If you create a hard copy, your front page should be at least 8.5x11 in size, and it

should not be larger than approximately 17x22 (which is about the size of 2 sheets ofpaper taped together). No large poster board, please! All headlines and stories for

your front page MUST be typed! The size and font of your headlines is up to you;

however, the text of your summaries and editorial must be single-spaced and 10-12

point font. Acceptable font styles include Times New Roman, Courier New, or Century

Gothic. Remember to organize your front page so it is easy-to-read and visually

appealing. Look at the front page of a few newspapers to help you get ideas. Feel

free to be as creative as you like, as long as you include all of the necessary

components.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Scoring Rubric for Part 2:Criteria/Level 5 4 3 2 1 ScoreContent

Each summary

and the

editorial will be

assessedseparately for

content

Summary/

editorial

reflects an

insightful and

uniqueunderstanding

of all of the

aspects of the

issue or event

Summary/

editorial

reflects a

thorough

understandingof all of the

aspects of the

issue or event

Summary/

editorial

reflects a

general

understandingof all of the

aspects of the

issue or event

Summary/

editorial

reflects a

general

understandingof most of the

aspects of the

issue or event

Summary/

editorial

reflects an

incomplete

understandingof the issue or

event

4 points

possible

per article

x 6 articles=

_______/24

Relevance Content is

highly relevant

to

environmental

issues.

Most of the

selections

demonstrate a

connection to

environmental

issues

A portion of

the articles are

clearly

connected to

relevant issues

Errors are

apparent - no

clear

connection

between the

content and

the

environment

No true

relevance is

shown or

interpreted.

_______/6

Organization

andMechanics

Front page is

exceptionallywell-

organized,

contains no

mechanical

errors, and

meets all

size/font

requirements

Front page is

very well-organized,

contains 1-2

mechanical

errors, and

meets all

size/font

requirements

Front page is

well-organized,

contains some

mechanical

errors, and

meets all

size/font

requirements

Front page is

somewhatorganized,

contains some

mechanical

errors, and

does not

meet one of

the size/font

requirements.

Front page

shows littleorganization,

contains

many

mechanical

errors, and

does not

meet the

size/font

requirements

_______/3

Formatting Pictures and

text are

assembled in

a highly

attractivemanner that

effectively

communicate

s the key

points of the

stories

/editorial

Pictures and

text are

assembled in

an attractive

manner thatcommunicates

the key points

of the

stories/editorial

Pictures and

text are

assembled in

a clear,

concisemanner that

communicates

the key points

of the

stories/editorial

Pictures and

text are

assembled in

a generally

logicalmanner

Pictures and

text are

incomplete or

assembled in

an illogicalmanner ______/3

Creativity Original

thought is

apparent and

Front page

shows a highly

unique and

creative

approach

Some original

thought was

shown and

Front page

shows that a

generally

creative

approach was

used

Front page

shows that

some

creativity was

used

Front page

shows that

minimal

creativity was

used

Front page

shows no

creativity

_______/4

TOTAL

_______/40


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APES Review Notes:

Significant Figures, Scientific Notation, SI/Metric System

SIGNIFICANT FIGURES: Sig.Fig Review

General Rules

1) ALL NONZERO DIGITS ARE ALWAYS SIGNIFICANT.4.2 and 27 both have two sig.figs.

2) ZEROES BETWEEN TWO NONZERO DIGITS ARE ALWAYS SIGNIFICANT.

ZEROES BETWEEN TWO SIGNIFICANT DIGITS ARE ALWAYS SIGNIFICANT.(Sig. Fig. Sandwich) 8.909 and 1005 both have four sig.figs.

3) ZEROES TO THE LEFT OF NONZERO DIGITS ARE NOT SIGNIFICANT.

0.0006 and 0.06 both have only one sig.fig.

4) TERMINAL ZEROES AFTER THE DECIMAL POINT ARE ALWAYS

SIGNIFICANT. 1.000 and 9.820 both have four sig.figs.

5) TERMINAL ZEROES NOT INVOLVING A DECIMAL POINT ARE NOT

SIGNIFICANT... UNLESS WRITTEN IN SCIENTIFIC NOTATION FOR

CLARIFICATION or UNLESS A DECIMAL POINT IS PLACED AFTER THE

LAST ZERO.

1230 written as 1.23 x 103has three sig.figs.

1230 written as 1230. or 1.230 x 103has four sig.figs.

Rounding Rules

1) Round up if the number after the last sig.fig. is 5 or greater 4.264.3

2) Round down if the number after the last sig.fig. is less than 5 4.214.2

Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division rules

1) IN ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION, THE ANSWER MAY CONTAIN ONLY

AS MANY DECIMAL PLACES AS THE LEAST ACCURATE VALUE.5.2208 + 0.1 = 5.3208 5.3 adjusted

2) IN MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION, THE ANSWER MAY CONTAIN

ONLY AS MANY DECIMAL PLACES AS THE LEAST ACCURATE VALUE

USED. 49.600 / 47.40 = 1.0464135 1.046 adjusted

SCIENTIFIC NOTATION: M x 10nformat

Exponent examples

100= 1 10

1= 10 10

2= 100 10

3= 1000

10-1

= 0.1 (1/10) 10-2

= 0.01 (1/100) 10-3

= 0.001 (1/1000)Scientific notation rules

1) POSITIVE EXPONENTS INDICATE MAKING A NUMBER LARGER.MOVE DECIMAL POINT TO THE RIGHT. (3.11 x 10

2= 311)

2) NEGATIVE EXPONENTS INDICATE MAKING A NUMBER SMALLER.

MOVE DECIMAL POINT TO THE LEFT. (3.11 x 10-2

= 0.0311)


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THE METRIC SYSTEM SI = International System of Units

SI BASE UNIT NAME SYMBOL

length meter m

mass kilogram kg

time second s

temperature Kelvin Kamount of substance mole mol

electric current ampere A

luminous (light) intensity candela cd

Common SI DERIVED UNITS NAME SYMBOL

area square meter m2

volume cubic meter m3

(1L = 1 dm3

& 1 mL = 1 cm3= 1 cc)

speed meter per second m/s

velocity meter per second m/s (with direction)

acceleration meter per second squared m/s2

density gram per cubic centimeter g/cm3(mass/volume)

METRIC PREFIXES

Factor Name Symbol

1024

yotta Y

1021

zetta Z

1018

exa E

1015

peta P

1012

tera T

109 giga G

106 mega M

103 kilo k

102 hecto h

101 deka da

10-1

deci d

10-2

centi c

10-3

milli m

10-6 micro

10-9

nano n

10-12

pico p

10-15

femto f

10-18

atto a

10-21

zepto z


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apes summer assignment 2014

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