ap psychology unit xiv - overview attribution, attitudes, and actions – module 74attribution,...
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AP PSYCHOLOGYUnit XIV - Overview
•Attribution, Attitudes, and Actions – Module 74
•Conformity and Obedience – Module 75
•Group Behavior – Module 76
•Prejudice and Discrimination – Module 77
•Aggression – Module 78
•Attraction – Module 79
•Altruism, Conflict, and Peacemaking – Module 80
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To aid in your note taking…
I suggest that you print these as note pages.
As you read each day, use them to add your own notes.
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Social PsychologyIntroductionModule 74
Attribution, Attitudes, and Actions
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Introduction
• Social Psychology
• What is the focus of the social psychologist?
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The Fundamental Attribution Error• Attribution theory
–Dispositional vs. situational attribution
–Examples:
–Fundamental attribution error
–Self-serving bias
–Example:
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Attitudes and ActionsAttitudes Affect Actions
• Attitude–Central route persu
asion
–Example:
–Peripheral route persuasion
–Example:
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Attitudes and ActionsActions Affect Attitudes:
The Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon
• The Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon–“start small and build”
–Example:
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Attitudes and ActionsActions Affect Attitudes:
Role Playing Affects Attitudes
• Role-Playing Affects Attitudes–Role - Stanford prison study
–Who and what?
–Abu Ghraib
–Who and what?
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Attitudes and ActionsActions Affect Attitudes:
Cognitive Dissonance: Relief from Tension
• Cognitive Dissonance: Relief From Tension–Cognitive dissonance theory
–Example:
–“Attitudes follow behavior”
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Conformity: Complying With Social Pressures – Module 75
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Conformity: Complying With Social Pressures
Automatic Mimicry
• Chameleon effect
• Example:
• Mood linkage
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Conformity: Complying With Social Pressures
Conformity and Social Norms
• Conformity–Solomon Asch study
–Describe:
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Conformity: Complying With Social Pressures
Conformity and Social Norms
Draw Figure 75.1 and explain
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Conformity: Complying With Social Pressures
Conformity and Social Norms• Conditions That Strengthen Conformity
– One is made to feel incompetent or insecure– Group has at least three people– Group is unanimous– One admires the group’s status– One has made no prior commitment– Others in group observe one’s behavior– One’s culture strongly encourages respect for
social standards
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Conformity: Complying With Social Pressures
Conformity and Social Norms
• Reasons for Conforming–Normative social influence
–Example:
–Informational social influence
–Example:
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Obedience: Following Orders
• Obedience–Milgram’s studies
on obedience• Procedure
• Results
• Ethics
• Follow up studies
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Obedience: Following Orders
Lessons From the Obedience Studies
• Ordinary people being corrupted by an evil situation
• What did these experiments demonstrate?
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Social Facilitation• Social Facilitation
–Task difficulty
–Example
–Expertise effects
–Example
–Crowding effects
–Example
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Social Loafing
• Social Loafing
• Define.
–Reasons why?• Less accountability
• View themselves as dispensable
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Deinviduation
• Deindividuation
• With an example, can you describe?
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Group Polarization
• Group Polarization
• Discuss.
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Group Polarization
• Group Polarization
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Groupthink• Groupthink
–Bay of Pigs
–What?
–Challenger explosion
–How does this relate to Groupthink?
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The Power of Individuals
• Social control vs personal control
• Difference?
• Minority influence
• Example:
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Cultural Influences
• Culture–Culture within animals
What?
–Culture in humans
–What?
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Cultural Influences
Variation Across Cultures
• Norm–Culture shock
–Example:
–Pace of life
–Example:
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Cultural Influences
Variation Over Time
• Changes over the generations
• What?
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Prejudice• Prejudice
• Example:
• Stereotype
• Example:
• Discrimination
• Example:
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Prejudice
How Prejudiced Are People?Summarize:
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PrejudiceSocial Roots of Prejudice:
Social Inequalities
• Just world phenomenon
• Example:
• Blame the victim
• What?
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PrejudiceSocial Roots of Prejudice:
Us and Them: Ingroup and Outgroup
• Us and Them: Ingroup and Outgroup–Ingroup
–Example:
–Outgroup:
–Example:
–Ingroup bias
–Example:
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Prejudice
Emotional Roots of Prejudice• Emotional roots of prejudice
–Scapegoat theory
–What?
–Economic variables
–Negative emotions
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Prejudice
Cognitive Roots of Prejudice• Categorization
– Outgroup homogeneity
– Other-race effect
– Examples:
• Vivid cases
• Believing the world is just
– Hindsight bias
– Example:
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The Biology of Aggression• Genetic Influences
• What?
• Neural Influences
• What?
• Biochemical Influences
• What?
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Psychological and Social-Cultural Factors in Aggression
Aversive Events• Aversive Events
–Frustration-aggression principle
–Example:
• Social and cultural influences–Aggression-replacement program
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Psychological and Social-Cultural Factors in AggressionAversive Events:
• Reinforcement and Modeling
– Aggression-replacement program
– What?
• Media Model for Violence
– Social scripts
– Example:
• What does your author say about violent video games teaching social scripts for violence?
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The Psychology of Attraction
Proximity
• Proximity–Mere exposure effect
–Example:
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The Psychology of Attraction
Physical Attractiveness• Physical attractiveness
• Example:
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The Psychology of Attraction
Similarity• Similarity
– Positive correlation between similarity and liking
– Yes or No?
– Reward theory of attraction– Example:
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Romantic Love
• Love
– Passionate love
– What?
– Companionate love
– What?
• Equity
• Example:
• Self-disclosure
• Example:
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Altruism• Altruism
– Kitty Genovese
– Who?
• Bystander Intervention
– Diffusion of responsibility
– What?
– Bystander effect
– Example:
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AltruismFigure 80.1
Draw or summarize.
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Altruism
Summarize Figure 80.2
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Altruism
The Norms for Helping
• Social exchange theory
• Example:
• Reciprocity norm
• Example:
• Social-responsibility norm Example:
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Conflict and Peacemaking
Elements of Conflict
• Conflict• Example:• Social trap
What is the non-zero sum game?
Summarize Figure 80.3.
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Conflict and PeacemakingElements of Conflict:
Enemy Perceptions
• Mirror-image perceptions
• Example:
• Self-fulfilling prophecy
• Example:
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Conflict and Peacemaking
Promoting Peace
• Contact
• Example:
• Cooperation
What?–Superordinate goals
–Example:
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Conflict and PeacemakingPromoting Peace
• Communication
• Example:
• Conciliation
• Example:
• GRIT – What?
• Which social psychologist advocated this strategy?
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Now what?It would behoove you to answer the MC questions at the end of
each Module.
If you would like the correct answers, come see me before or
after school!