ap psych unit ii
DESCRIPTION
AP PSYCH UNIT II . TEST REVIEW. I believe in radical behaviorism. B.F Skinner . I started classical conditioning. Ivan Pavlov. In Pavlov’s classic experiment, I am the CS. CS = the Bell. Bobo Doll is my xperiment. Bandura. YOU CAN CALL ME GUSTATION, OR JUST…. Taste. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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AP PSYCH UNIT II TEST REVIEW
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I believe in radical
behaviorism
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• B.F Skinner
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I started classical conditioning
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• Ivan Pavlov
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• In Pavlov’s classic experiment, I am the CS
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•CS = the Bell
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Bobo Doll is my xperiment
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Bandura
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YOU CAN CALL ME GUSTATION, OR JUST…
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Taste
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If you use me, I will increase the likelihood of
behavior repeating (I could be positive or negative)
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•Reinforcement
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You can’t see me or hear me. I am
below your absolute threshold
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Subliminal stimulation
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THIS STATES THAT DIFFERENCE THRESHOLDS INCREASE IN PROPORTION TO THE SIZE OF THE
ORIGINAL STIMULUS
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WEBER’S LAW
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I SWEAR I SAW YOU IN THE MALL
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FALSE POSITIVE
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THE PROCESS OF TAKING STILMULI IMPUT & TURNING IT INTO SOMETHING MEANINGFUL
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PERCEPTION
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I increase the likelihood that a BX
will be increased
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• Positive reinforcement• Negative reinforcement
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• I am used to decrease the likelihood that a behavior
will be repeated
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• Punishment • Omission training
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I connect a new stimulus to an previously established stimulus - response relationship
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CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
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• In Ivan Pavlov’s classical experiment, I am the CR
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CR = salivating
• Salivating
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• In this experiment, I furthered the understanding
of classical conditioning (oh, and I raised a few ethical
concerns with the APA)
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Little Albert & John B. Watson
• Little Albert & John B. Watson
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Kinesthetic receptors are found here
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Joints and Muscles
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Vestibular receptors are found
here
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Semicircular Canals
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I am a cell in the retina.
I detect black and gray. I am
frequently used in dim lighting
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Rods
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We are the smallest bones in your body
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Malleus, Incus, Stapes
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I am a theory that attempts to explain
pain and can be applied to manage
pain
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Gate Control Theory
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• Cats used to puzzle me, now I explain their
“intrumental conditioning” by the “law of effect”
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Edward Thorndike
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I include these:texture gradient,
shawdowing, relative size cue, and linear
perspective
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Monocular Cues
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I, Eleanor Gibson, used this to
determine when children
understand depth perception
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VISUAL CLIFF EXPERIMENT
325 × 300 - gynomite.wordpress.com
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I am the term used to describe the transformation of stimulus energy into the electrochemical energy of
neural impulses
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•TRANSDUCTION
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• I carry neural messages to the LGN inside the Thalamus
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Optic Nerve
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• If your lens consistently focuses am image in front of your retina the opthamologist
will diagnose you
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• near-sighted
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•This explains afterimages
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•Opponent-process theory
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What perceptual principle?
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• SIZE CONTANCY
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What perceptual principle?
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•SHAPE CONSTANCY
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What did Max Wertheimer
start?
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GESTALT
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What’s this?
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•Reversible figure-ground image
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• The thalamus and I help regulate wakefulness, arousal and attention
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Reticular Formation
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I hang in the brain and I control body temperature, blood pressure, pulse and blood sugar levels
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Hypothalamus
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• Telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition & telekinesis
are my thing
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•Parapsychology
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• I go 1 2 3 4 back to 3 2 1, then REM
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Sleep Cycle
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I show mostly Delta on an EEG
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STAGE 4
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They call me paradoxical
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REM
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I can’t sleep!!!
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Insomnia
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I occur during stage 4
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• Sleep walking, bed-wetting, night terrors, sleep talking
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I am a drug and I am so depressing
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Barbiturates
• Sedatives, tranquilizers, alcohol, valium, Xanax, “roofies”
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I am such a “pain killer”
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narcotics
• Morphine, heroin, codeine, opium, methadone
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I am a stimulant
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• Ritalin, ecstasy, nicotine, caffeine, cocaine
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The neutral stimulus becomes the?
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•Conditioned Stimulus
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The UCR always becomes the
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CS
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The NS always becomes the
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CS
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In higher order conditioning, the CS is is connected to a new?
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NS• – Bully ---- Anxiety– School + Bully Anxiety• = School = Anxiety• TEST + School Anxiety
– TEST = Anxiety
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• “Instrumental Conditioning”, he
believed that his work and
his research was
instrumental in shaping
future BX
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Edward Thorndike
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Responding similarly to a range of similar stimuli
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Generalization
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Terminating an aversive action
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Escape Learning
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This occurs when another NS is attached to an established CS, resulting in new
learning.
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Higher Order Conditioning
•
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I encourage the likelihood of a
behavior repeating, and you need me to
survive
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Primary Reinforcer
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I keep failing, so I give up!
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Learned Helplessness
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Wow Wolfgang…I suddenly got the answer
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Insight Learning
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