AOS 1: LearningClassical Conditioning

In classical conditioning, an organism develops an association between the

A. conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response

B. neutral stimulus and the conditioned stimulus

C. conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus

D. neutral stimulus and the unconditioned response

In classical conditioning, an organism develops an association between the

A. conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response

B. neutral stimulus and the conditioned stimulus

C. conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus

D. neutral stimulus and the unconditioned response

Ella's cat runs to the back door when the microwave bell sounds as this usually signals that her dinner is about to be served. The cat also runs to the back door when Ella's doorbell rings.  - Ella's cat is demonstrating an example of .

A. stimulus discrimination B. stimulus generalisation

C. spontaneous recovery D. extinction

Ella's cat runs to the back door when the microwave bell sounds as this usually signals that her dinner is about to be served. The cat also runs to the back door when Ella's doorbell rings.  - Ella's cat is demonstrating an example of .

A. stimulus discrimination B. stimulus generalisation

C. spontaneous recovery D. extinction

After a meal of seafood, Rastus became ill, suffering from nausea and vomiting. Now Rastus feels nauseated at the sight of seafood and can no longer eat it.

Rastus has experienced…

A. a conditioned reflex B. a phobia

C. stimulus discrimination D. taste aversion

After a meal of seafood, Rastus became ill, suffering from nausea and vomiting. Now Rastus feels nauseated at the sight of seafood and can no longer eat it.

Rastus has experienced…

A. a conditioned reflex B. a phobia

C. stimulus discrimination D. taste aversion

In Pavlov's experiment on salivation in dogs, the neutral stimulus was __________ and the conditioned stimulus was ______________

A. the bell; the bell B. the bell; salivation

C. the meat powder; the bell D. the meat powder; salivation

In Pavlov's experiment on salivation in dogs, the neutral stimulus was __________ and the conditioned stimulus was ______________

A. the bell; the bell B. the bell; salivation

C. the meat powder; the bell D. the meat powder; salivation

In classical conditioning, learning takes place by association.

This means that an association forms between two events that...

A. are similar in nature B. are completely unrelated

C. have similar consequences D. occur closely together in time

In classical conditioning, learning takes place by association.

This means that an association forms between two events that...

A. are similar in nature B. are completely unrelated

C. have similar consequences D. occur closely together in time

In classical conditioning, nature provides the ________________ connection and conditioning provides the ______________ connection.

A. UCS-CS; UCR-CR B. UCR-CR; UCS-CS

C. CS-CR; UCS-UCR D. UCS-UCR; CS-CR

In classical conditioning, nature provides the ________________ connection and conditioning provides the ______________ connection.

A. UCS-CS; UCR-CR B. UCR-CR; UCS-CS

C. CS-CR; UCS-UCR D. UCS-UCR; CS-CR

A bell rings, then a puff of air into the eye causes a reflexive blink. After this happens on several occasions, the bell ringing alone causes a conditioned reflexive blink. The UCS is ______________ and the CS is _______________

A. puff of air; blinking B. bell; blinking

C. puff of air; bell D. bell; puff of air

A bell rings, then a puff of air into the eye causes a reflexive blink. After this happens on several occasions, the bell ringing alone causes a conditioned reflexive blink. The UCS is ______________ and the CS is _______________

A. puff of air; blinking B. bell; blinking

C. puff of air; bell D. bell; puff of air

A researcher conditions a dog to salivate at the sound of a bell. This is then followed by food. After some time the sound alone (that is, without food) no longer leads to salivation.

This is referred to as…

A. spontaneous recovery B. extinction

C. Acquisition D. stimulus generalisation

A researcher conditions a dog to salivate at the sound of a bell. This is then followed by food. After some time the sound alone (that is, without food) no longer leads to salivation.

This is referred to as…

A. spontaneous recovery B. extinction

C. Acquisition D. stimulus generalisation

Before learning, an unconditioned stimulus elicits

A. an unconditioned response B. a conditioned response

C. a conditioned stimulus D. negative reinforcement

Before learning, an unconditioned stimulus elicits

A. an unconditioned response B. a conditioned response

C. a conditioned stimulus D. negative reinforcement

Neil was bitten by a spider when he was eight years old. He then developed a phobia about spiders. He is now sixteen and runs away every time he sees a spider, or a picture of one. He avoids any films about insects and going near a wildlife area. This behaviour can be explained by…

A. spontaneous recovery B. extinction

C. stimulus discrimination D. stimulus generalisation

Neil was bitten by a spider when he was eight years old. He then developed a phobia about spiders. He is now sixteen and runs away every time he sees a spider, or a picture of one. He avoids any films about insects and going near a wildlife area. This behaviour can be explained by…

A. spontaneous recovery B. extinction

C. stimulus discrimination D. stimulus generalisation

The light switch in Lauren's bedroom is faulty so that every time she touches the switch she receives a mild electric shock. After this has happened a few times, Lauren associates light switches with a startle response.

In this scenario, the unconditioned stimulus is...

A. the light switch B. Lauren's bedroom

C. the electric current D. the startle response

The light switch in Lauren's bedroom is faulty so that every time she touches the switch she receives a mild electric shock. After this has happened a few times, Lauren associates light switches with a startle response.

In this scenario, the unconditioned stimulus is...

A. the light switch B. Lauren's bedroom

C. the electric current D. the startle response

In Pavlov's original experiments, a conditioned response that had been extinguished was seen again when the ______________ was delivered again. This reappearance of the conditioned response is known as ______________

A. unconditioned stimulus; spontaneous recovery

B. conditioned stimulus; reverse extinction

C. conditioned stimulus; spontaneous recovery

D. unconditioned stimulus; reverse extinction

In Pavlov's original experiments, a conditioned response that had been extinguished was seen again when the ______________ was delivered again. This reappearance of the conditioned response is known as ______________

A. unconditioned stimulus; spontaneous recovery

B. conditioned stimulus; reverse extinction

C. conditioned stimulus; spontaneous recovery

D. unconditioned stimulus; reverse extinction

One-trial learning, particularly in the context of taste aversion, is often argued to differ from classical conditioning because

A. in classical conditioning the conditioned response often takes a long time to appear, whereas in one-trial taste aversion, the conditioned response always occurs immediately

B. stimulus generalisation is less likely to occur with one-trial taste learned responses than classically conditioned responses

C. one-trial learned responses are acquired more slowly than classically conditioned learned responses

D. one-trial learned responses are generally extinguished more quickly than classically conditioned responses

One-trial learning, particularly in the context of taste aversion, is often argued to differ from classical conditioning because

A. in classical conditioning the conditioned response often takes a long time to appear, whereas in one-trial taste aversion, the conditioned response always occurs immediately

B. stimulus generalisation is less likely to occur with one-trial taste learned responses than classically conditioned responses

C. one-trial learned responses are acquired more slowly than classically conditioned learned responses

D. one-trial learned responses are generally extinguished more quickly than classically conditioned responses

Influential research on one-trial conditioned taste aversion in a variety of animal species was pioneered by John Garcia.

This research supports the notion that one-trial conditioned taste aversion…

A. demonstrates the powerful effect of punishment on animal behaviour

B. is the same as classical conditioning

C. has an adaptive survival value for animals

D. shares many features with negative reinforcement

Influential research on one-trial conditioned taste aversion in a variety of animal species was pioneered by John Garcia.

This research supports the notion that one-trial conditioned taste aversion…

A. demonstrates the powerful effect of punishment on animal behaviour

B. is the same as classical conditioning

C. has an adaptive survival value for animals

D. shares many features with negative reinforcement

In trying to defend the ethics of Watson and Rayner's (1920) 'Little Albert' experiment, it is argued that the knowledge gained about the development of phobias from this experiment clearly outweighed the negative impact on Little Albert.   This argument is based on the ethical principle of...

A. Respect B. beneficence

C. integrity D. justice

In trying to defend the ethics of Watson and Rayner's (1920) 'Little Albert' experiment, it is argued that the knowledge gained about the development of phobias from this experiment clearly outweighed the negative impact on Little Albert.   This argument is based on the ethical principle of...

A. Respect B. beneficence

C. integrity D. justice