“zero emission” fossil fuel power generation · 2008. 11. 12. · soothill/alstom, frederic...

POWER

Nick Otter

27th November 2007

“Zero Emission” Fossil Fuel Power Generation

: where are we heading?

FORUM ON FOSTERING INVESTMENT IN CLEANERELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM FOSSIL FUELS

UNECE Geneva Switzerland

UNECE ZEPG OTTER Geneva - 27th November 2007 - P 2

Agenda

1st topic Why is the topic so important?

2nd topic What is it all about?

3rd topic What is happening in Europe and elsewhere?

4th topic What is the way forward?


Agenda






Market Driver : GDP GrowthIncreasing demand for electricity

Growth of installedbase is ~linked to

GDP

World RealGDP ~ 3% pa

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

35

25

15

5

Trillion2000 USD GW

Installed Base~ 3% pa

'05

Note: 180 GW missing due to unknown commission year,mainly Conventional ST, Hydro & OthersSource: Alstom, UDI

Old Fleet>30y : 1224 GW

Tot. Installed : 4231 GW

Tot. Installed : 4231 GW

Old Fleet>30y : 1224 GW

150 0 50100GW

050 100 150

Age

1

21

26

31

36

41

46

2005

Year

1995

1985

1975

1965

6

11

16

GW

ChinaASIALAMMEANAMEurope

ChinaASIALAMMEANAMEurope

OthersHydroNuclearConventional steamGasPlant (GT & CC)

OthersHydroNuclearConventional steamGasPlant (GT & CC)

Age pyramid of world installed capacity

2%

36%

42% 3%4%

13%

2%

36%

42% 3%4%

13%

1%

29%

4%

61%

5%1%

29%

4%

61%

5%

29 % of installed capacity older than 30

years


Market Driver : GeographySuccessive peaks in fundamentally growing market

Future growth - importance of

developing countries

Order volumes by region

Order Year

0

100

200

86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04

China

Asia excl. China

Americas

M EA

Europe

US Boom

China Boom

Forecast

GW / Y

0

100

200

86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04

Nuclear Plant

Hydro Plant

Gas Turbine Plant

Steam Plant

Gas Dominant Coal

Dominant Balanced Mix

Forecast

Future growth - importance of fossil fuels in a balanced

mix


Market Driver : EnvironmentPower generation industry: a major contributor to CO2emissions

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

2004 2030

million tonnes

Power Generation Industry Transport Residential & Services OtherSource: IEA

x2

* Includes agriculture and public sector** includes international marine bunkers, other transf ormation and non-energy use

CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion(reference scenario)


� Importance of clean use of fossil fuels, especially coal

� Importance of accelerating the take-up of clean fos sil

� Importance of addressing regionally and worldwide

“Take away” Messages Summary

� critical transitional issue for a sustainable energy fu ture

� an essential part of the portfolio

� cannot ignore fossil fuels


Agenda






Pathway to zero emission power for fossil fuels

CarbonReduction

Time

Zero EmissionsTarget

Near-term Mid-term Long-term

High efficiency plant, one key element of zero emission

power generation

Framework/Market?Value of CO2?Policy/Regulation?Geography?

Capture ready concept90%

20%

Storage of CO2

EOR

an integrated approach to “zero emission”


Specific CO2-Emissions of Coal Power Plants

CO2 impact of efficiency increase

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

Efficiency [%]

Spe

c. C

O2-

Em

issi

ons

[g/k

Wh]

- 35% CO2- 35% CO2

Status of Technology

Worldwide Average

- 42%- 42%

Advanced SteamPower Plant (700°C)


Power Plant with CO2 Capture Pipeline

UndergroundStorage

CO2 CO2

Process Chain of Carbon Capture and Storage

Saline Aquifers

Enhanced Oil Recovery

Storage Options


Carbon Capture Technologies

• Accepted need for a portfolio approach

• All technologies need to be addressed

• Retrofit and new plant applicationMain goal : Cost of CO 2

avoided: < 20 €/t CO 2


CO2 CAPTURE SOLUTIONSPre Combustion Solution for New Plants: IGCC+Capture

• CO2 Capture technology is proven and economical in other industries

• High Capital and Operating Costs

• Limited operation flexibility

• Plant retrofit: not generally possible

• Landspace 1,5 x PC plant for same MW

Coal gasification

Tampa Electric Company, Polk Power Station, 252 MWe , Mulberry, USA (FL)

Hydrogen-fired gas turbines


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Hea

t of R

eact

ion

(BT

U/lb

)

Going down the “Experience Curve” forPost Combustion CO2 Capture

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Parsons- Study (Fluor)

ABB Lummus

ProcessOptimisation

AdvancedAmines

ProcessInnovations

ChillledAmmonia Process

Data of current projects

1,350 BTU/lb3150 kJ/kg

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

Hea

t of R

eact

ion

[kJ/

kg]

Process Optimisation

CO2 €/T 45-35 35-25 25-15 (not including transport and storage)

Advanced Amines


Development Plan of Chilled Ammonia Process

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Main Steps

Laboratory Scale

• First technical hypotheses

Large Bench Scale (0,25 MWt)

• Optimize absorber design

• Establish absorber removal rate

• Demonstrate limited ammonia emissions

Field Pilot Scale (5 MWt)

• Validate key performance parameters

1

3

Demonstration Scale (30-40 MWt)

• System reliability4

2

Utility Scale (+200 MWt)

• Integration5


•Hea

tof R

eact

ion

(BT

U/lb

)

Going Down The Experience Curve forOxy Combustion CO2 Capture

2000 2010 2020 2030

Process Optimisation

Integration & Process Improvt

Process Innovation

400

375

300

250

200

150

Ene

rgy

requ

irem

ents

[KW

h / T

CO

2]

LargeDemos

Large ASU

Chemical Looping

ENCAP studies

Scale economy

Advanced Non cryo O2production

CO2 €/T 40-25 30-15 25-10 (not including transport and storage)


Chemical Looping Gasification

Advanced Capture Processes

• Oxygen Fired CFB

• Chemical Looping

�Combustion�Gasification

Chemical Looping Combustion

OxidizerReducer

CaS

CaSO4

CO2 & H2O

Coal,Limestone Air

Depleted Air, Ash,

CaSO4

OxidizerReducer

CaS

CaSO4

CO2 & H2O

Coal,Limestone Air

Depleted Air, Ash,

CaSO4

OxidizerReducer

Calciner

Cold Solids

CaCO3 CaO

CaS

CaSO4

Coal,Steam

CO2

Air

CaCO3

Depleted Air, Ash,CaSO4

Hot Solids

H2

CONDENSATE

GASRECIRCULATION

FAN

FLUIDIZINGGAS

BLOWER

COMBUSTOR

Cyc

lon

e

BA

CK

PA

SS

HE

AT

E

XC

HA

NG

ER

S

CFB Steam Generator Unit

ASHCOOLER

ExternalHeat

Exchanger

NITROGENAIR

INDUCED DRAFTFAN

AIRSEPARATION

UNIT

GasCooler

PARTICULATEREMOVALSYSTEM

OX

YG

EN

HE

AT

ER

PFWH

CO2-RICH PRODUCTTO GAS PROCESSING

SYSTEM

LIMESTONE

COAL

OXYGEN

AIRINFILTRATION

O2 fired CFB


Long term products: Oxy-fired PC,Oxy-fired CFB and Chemical Looping

2010 2016 - 202004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Commercialization

Oxy-fired PC

Lab scale tests (500kWt)

Demonstration scale tests (30MWt)

Utility scale tests (250MWe)

Oxy-fired CFB

Chemical Looping

1

2

3

4

Pilot scale (3MWt)

Demonstration Scale tests (10-40MWe)

Utility scale tests (>150MWe)

Commercialization4

2

3

1

1 Bench tests (10-100 kWt)

Pilot scale (1-3 MWt)

Demonstration scale tests 10-20 MWe

2

3

Com5

Source : ALSTOM analysis

Utility scale 50-100MWe4


30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

CoE

($

/ M

Wh

net)

IGCC with Capture

SCPC with Ammonia Capture

Oxy PC SCPC without Capture

IGCC without Capture

SCPC with Advanced Amine

Capture

Oxy CFB

Cost discovery zone

Carbon capture technology comparison

Cost of electricity comparison

A portfolio of technologies must be validated at la rge scale

** Based on a 400 MWnet design, versus 650 Mwnet for other technologies


……….. multi-pollutant control

• Integrated APC system based around commercially proven and reliable technologies

• Uses readily available reagents

• Produces reusable byproduct(s)

• Superior cost/performance ratio:− Extremely compact design− Fewer moving parts reduces maintenance − Superior environmental performance

• Targeted emissions levels:− SO2: 0.02 lb/MMBTU (> 99.5%)− Hg: 1.0 lb/TBTU (> 90%)− PM: 0.01 lb/MMBTU (99.99%)− NOx: 0.05 lb/MMBTU w/SCR Controls SOx, PM10/PM2.5

Mercury & NOx

Not just CO2


Construction

…….. overall system performance and reliability

Air Preheater

Mills

Low NOx Systems- LNCFS- TFS 2000TM

- Fuel Switching

Burner NOx Retrofits- RSFC™- P2™

Research andDevelopment- Air Modeling Capabilities

- CFD Modeling

Environmental Systems- SNCR- FGD- Precipitators- Scrubbers

Transformer

Steam Turbine

ExisitingFGD

ExistingStack

2 stageCooling

Chiller

CO2Absorber

Regenerator

HX

CO2

HPPump

Wash

Wash

Reboiler

Schematic of Ammonia-based CO2 Capture System

Flue Gas

Water

Rich Slurry

Lean Slurry

CO2

Flue Gas

Purge

Lean AC

Rich ABC

120F

35F

Cooling & Cleaning of FG CO2 Absorption CO2 Regeneration

CO2 Capture

Importance of System Integration : more complex plant


..…preparing the way forward : CO2 “Capture Ready”Plant

Improve gas clean upOr possibility to add cleaning

Provisions for steam extractionsIncluding provisions for adding stagesIn the IP cylinder of the steam turbine

Control system adaptation

Provisions in arrangement planning

Provision for auxiliaryPower consumption

OptimisationOf the cooling systemRecovery of heat in the CO2 capture and compression

Optimisation of theBoiler surfaces accordingModifications of the heat load sharing


CO2 Transport and Storage

Key Issues

� Infrastructure Requirement

� Cost Reduction

� Public Acceptance

� Safe and Effective Storage

� Developing the Legal, Regulatory & Fiscal Framework

Safety and acceptance of CO2 storage


Agenda






4th October 2007 ZEP Overview OTTER IFP CCS Conference Paris 4

ETP ZEP :Set-up and Vision

• Primary task to set and implement strategic researc h agenda (SRA) and deployment document (SDD) as a major European action

• Advisory Council formed in June 2005, updated June 2007 : individuals represent

– 6 Generators : E.ON, Endesa, Enel, Energi E2, RWE, Vattenfall – 6 Equipment suppliers : Ansaldo, ALSTOM, Air Liquide, Foster Wheeler, Doosan

Babcock, Siemens– 5 Oil and Gas : BP, Shell, Statoil, Total, Schlumberger– 6 Research : BGS, CIRCE, IFP, Polish CMI, GEUS, TU-Hamburg– 3 NGOs: Bellona, E3G, WWF– 1 Financeer : Morgan Stanley– Chair: Kurt Haege/Vattenfall Vice-Chairs: Olivier Appert/IFP, Gardiner Hill/BP, Charles

Soothill/ALSTOM, Frederic Hauge/Bellona

• Formally launched : 1 st December 2005

• First General Assembly, Brussels : 12-13 th December 2006• Second General Assembly, Paris : 3 rd October 2007

The Vision: To enable European fossil fuel power plants to have zero emission of CO 2 by 2020.

MAJOR EUROPEAN ACTION



ETP ZEP :Strategic Recommendations

• Urgently implemen10-12 integrated large scale CCS demonstration projects EU-wide

• Establish a robust technology action across whole of CO2 chain

• Kick start the CO2 value chain with urgent short and long term commercial incentives

• Establish a regulatory framework for storage

• Gain public support through a comprehensive public information campaign

SRA : set a major R&D action to reduce costs and risks of deployment

SDD : accelerate the market for efficient zero emission power plant


� EU Energy Policy for Europe 2007-2009� “underlines importance of substantial improvements in generation efficiency and clean fossil fuel technologies”

� “urges Member States and EC to work towards strengthening R&D anddeveloping the necessary technical, economic and regulatory framework to bring environmentally safe CCS to deployment with new fossil-fuel power plants, if possible by 2020”

� “welcomes intention of EC to establish a mechanism to stimulate the construction and operation by 2015 of up to 12 demonstration plants of sustainable fossil fuel technologies in commercial power generation."

� EU Strategic Energy Technology [SET] Plan� priority item for Spring 2008� specific reference to CCS as part of plan

Output from EU 2007 Spring Council


ETP ZEP :Scope of the EU Flagship Programme

Type of CO 2

Infrastructure Plant

technology

Trapping mechanism

(single phase gravitational, dissolution, residual, mineral; over different

timescales)

Storage geology

(cap rock and reservoir quality, overall

properties, volume etc)

Storage type (aquifers, exhausted

petroleum structures, EGR, EOR,

CBM/ECBM)

Fuel type

Capture technology

Public perception

(factors influencing the public

acceptance)

Geographical location

Portfolio of up to 12

demonstration plants give sufficient

confidence to do CCS at

scale


Worldwide Engagement

• Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF)− CSLF Technology Route Map− CSLF Project Portfolio− CSLF Stakeholder engagement

• G8 Action Plan− Financial Mechanisms/World Bank− `Capture Ready` Technology/IEA− CCT data base and worldwide case studies

• IPCC Special Report on CCS− Summary for Policy Makers : issued Sept06− Topic embraced by 2007 IPCC Report : Feb07

Australia

BrazilCanada

ChinaColombiaDenmark (new)

European CommissionFrance (new)

Germany (new)IndiaItaly

Japan

MexicoNetherlands (new)

NorwayRepublic of Korea (new)Russian Federation

Saudi Arabia (new)South Africa (new)

UKUSAGreece (applied)

Thrust for co-ordination and engagement internationally


Agenda






Lighthouse Project of RWE‘s Climate Strategy:The zero-CO 2 power plant

gasificationgas conditioningCO2 separation

gas and steamturbines

CO2

dry coal

H2

electricity

coal drying

Aquifer

2,000 –3,000 m

pit coal

Industry getting ready …………many projects being announced …… but the right regulatory and

fiscal conditions needed

Acknowledgement to RWE, EON, SSE, NUON, Vattenfall, TOTAL, Statoil

Industry oriented actions : large scale demonstration

A portfolio of technologies must be validated at la rge scale



ETP ZEP :Importance of pan-EU infrastructure/storage

Oil fields

Gas fieldsCoal fields

IndustrialCenters

Potential Storage Sites

Fossil fuel pp

Flagship projects Flagship projects will find adequate will find adequate storage optionsstorage options

Large lines will be Large lines will be away from cities away from cities

Safety and Safety and regulatory regulatory

oversight will be oversight will be paramountparamount

EuropeEurope ’’s geography will s geography will limit interconnectionlimit interconnection

Large lines will Large lines will carry up to 60Mt/yrcarry up to 60Mt/yr


� Importance of clean use of fossil fuels� a critical transitional issue in getting to a sustainable energy future� an essential part of the portfolio

� Importance of accelerating the take-up of clean fos sil�need for incentives for early action on `zero emission` power plant�stable financial and regulatory framework to get “many of a kind”

� Importance of addressing issue worldwide� use of high efficiency technologies, and ……….� …………. prepare the way `zero emission`

• retrofitting of high efficient coal plant with capture to avoid “carbon lock-in”• how to ensure new plant is “capture ready”• use of low carbon technologies for new plant

Concluding Remarks

Urgent need for action

POWER

27th November 2007FORUM ON FOSTERING INVESTMENT IN CLEANERELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM FOSSIL FUELS

UNECE Geneva Switzerland

thank you for listening

www.alstom.com

“zero emission” fossil fuel power generation · 2008. 11. 12. · soothill/alstom, frederic...

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