“your ultimate solution partner” - listed company · 2020-03-16 · 2019 achievements...
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“Your Ultimate Solution Partner”
WHA Corporation Public Company Limited
Opportunity Day
16 March 2020
DisclaimersWHA Group
The information contained in this presentation is for information purposes only and does not constitute an offer or invitation to sell or the solicitationof an offer or invitation to purchase or subscribe for share in WHA Corporation Public Company Limited (“WHA” and shares in WHA, “shares”) in anyjurisdiction nor should it or any part of it form the basis of, or be relied upon in any connection with, any contract or commitment whatsoever.
In addition, this presentation contains projections and forward-looking statements that reflect the Company's current views with respect to futureevents and financial performance. These views are based on a number of estimates and current assumptions which are subject to business, economicand competitive uncertainties and contingencies as well as various risks and these may change over time and in many cases are outside the control ofthe Company and its directors. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward looking statements, which are based on the currentview of the management of the Company on future events. No assurance can be given that future events will occur, that projections will be achieved,or that the Company's assumptions are correct. The Company does not assume any responsibility to amend, modify or revise any forward-lookingstatements, on the basis of any subsequent developments, information or events, or otherwise. These statements can be recognized by the use ofwords such as “expects,” “plans,” “will,” “estimates,” “projects,” or words of similar meaning. Such forward-looking statements are not guarantees offuture performance and actual results may differ from those forecast and projected or in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factorsand assumptions.
2
Agenda
II. 2019 Achievements
IV. 2020 Outlook
I. WHA Group Overview
III. 2019 Financial Performance
3
Appendix
2012 2017 20192015 2018
Key MilestonesWHA Group Overview
WHA’s First & Biggest Buit-to-Suit Distribution
Centers in Southeast Asia
2006 2010
• Warehouse Asia Allianceis set up in June 2006, inpartnership with GLOMAC from Malaysia. It launches the first Built-to-Suit Customer goods distribution center, considered then as Southeast Asia’s biggest facility underone roof, with a total of 53,000 sq.m. along the BangnaTrad Highway, Km 19
IPO and Listed Company• On November 8, 2012,
WHA Corporation becomes a listed company traded on the Stock Exchange ofThailand (SET), raising its invested capital toBaht 1,709 million(USD 56.97 million)
Establishment of Publicly Listed Fund (WHAPF)
• December: WHAPF (WHA Premium Factory and Warehouse Fund) isestablished, comprising twowarehouse buildings and one factory, with a combinedspace of nearly 40,000 sq.m.
Significant Acquisition
• April: Acquisition of a 92.88% shareholding equity of Hemaraj Land And Development Plc., Thailand’s leadingdeveloper of Industrial Estates, Utilities & Power, and Property Solutions
Branching Out To The Greater Growths
• WHA Utilities and Power Plc. received the approval of WHAUP as a SET-listed company
• WHA Group to develop first industrial zone in Nghe An Province, Vietnam with an investment of USD 100 million. Phase 1 of WHA HemarajIndustrial Zone - NgheAn covers the area of 498 hectares. This is part of a long term plan
Remarkable Year
• Double anniversary celebration for WHA Group’s 15th and 30thof success in industrial estate development
• WHAUP expands overseas water business in Vietnam with exclusivity rights to invest and operate water business in WHA Industrial Zone 1 - NgheAn
A Big Leap Forward
• WHAUP (SG) 2DR PTE. LTD, a subsidiary of WHAUP signed share purchase agreement to acquired 34.00% of total issued shares in Duong River Surface Water Plant Joint Stocks Company in Vietnam
• Chonburi Clean Energy Company Limited (CCE), associated company of WHAUP group with 33.33% stake, started commercial operation of its 8.6 MW waste-to-energy power plant
4
#1 Logistics
Properties Developer#1 Industrial
Estate Developer
Leading Industrial
Utilities and Power
Provider
Strengthened Digital
Platform
110 mm m3 Utilities
Sales & Management Volume
2,350,000 sqm
Owned & Managed
559 4 Data Centers 3 Tier-III facilities and the only Tier IV Gold
Certified data center in Asia Pacific
(Excl. Australia)
FTTx covering 7 Estates
11 Industrial Estates
Installed Equity
MW Power
Performance Highlights
200+world-class tenants
Remark: The data is as of 31 December 2019/1Including land in Thailand and International
68,900 Rai/1 including 44,400
Rai Operating And Under Development
WHA GROUP AT-A-GLANCEWHA Group Overview
5
WHA Strategic LocationsWHA Group Overview
6
WHA 50+ Prime Locations
Mainly in EEC
Key Developing
Location in Vietnam
Agenda
II. 2019 Achievements
IV. 2020 Outlook
I. WHA Group Overview
III. 2019 Financial Performance
7
Appendix
2019 Achievements
2019 Achievements
Delivering Our Growth Strategy
New STRATEGIC PARTNERS
New WATER PLANT in Hanoi – Duong River110 mm m3 /year
New INDUSTRIAL ESTATE – WHA ESIE3 2,198 Rai
New PRODUCTS – Demineralized Water,
NGD4, Cloud Service
New Commissioned POWER PLANTS – Chonburi Clean Energy 9 MW
– Gulf NLL2 127 MW
– PTT, GPSC
Aqua One
GROUND Inc
8
New LOGISTICS PROPERTY – WHA E-Commerce Park 200,000 SQM
Year of Thailand Expansion
9
2019 Achievements
Launch of 10th Industrial Estate in Thailand – WHA ESIE3
WHA ESIE 3 with 2,198 rai of industrial land(equal to 879 acres or 352 hectares)
Promoted S-curve Industries
Year of Thailand Expansion
10
2019 Achievements
2 New Commissioned Power Plants – GNLL2 & Chonburi Clean Energy (CCE)
• WHAUP owns 33.3% stake of its 9 MW waste-to-energy power plant
• Equipped with the most advanced technologies in terms of reliability, sustainability, stability and environmental protection, CCE is the first industrial waste to energy facility in Southeast Asia to meet European emission standards.
• GNLL2 is the 8th SPPS power plant in the WHA Group portfolio investment, achieved COD on Jan 2019.
• The project has an installed power generation capacity of 127 megawatts along with an installed steam generation capacity of 10 tons per hour.
Year of International Expansion - Vietnam
11
2019 Achievements
Completed Construction of Milestone 1 of WHA Industrial Zone Nghe An (145 Ha or ~1,000 Rai)
Industrial Zone
Pump Station and
Retention Pond
Aerated Lagoon
Year of International Expansion - Vietnam
12
2019 Achievements
Successfully Acquired 34.0% Stake in Duong River Water Plant
Successfully Acquired 47.3% Stake in Cua Lo Water Supply
110 million m3/year capacity
Awards and Recognitions
13
2019 Achievements
Eco Industrial Town Award 2019
(Eco-Champion category)
by Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand, Department of
Industrial Works, Federation of Thai Industries and Water and
Environment Institute for Sustainability (WHA EIE, WHA ESIE1,
WHA CIE1 and ESIE)
Golden Trowel Asia
Award 2019
by FACE ® Certifies that the Concrete Floor Constructed
for WHA E-Commerce Park, Chachoengsao, had been
honored as the Most Flat and Level of the Year in the
Category of Elevated Slab on Pile
Business Person of the Year
2019by Bangkok Biz News
Awards and Recognitions
14
2019 Achievements
Note : *Digital Economy Promotion Agency (DEPA) is under Ministry of Digital Economy and Society (MDES)
Comprise an area : 2,037 rai
Target Industry : This industrial estate is EEC promoted to serve investors in the Next Generation Automotive, Robotics ,Aviation Electronics, Construction Material, etc.
Progress : EIA Process
Operation : Approx. 2022
WHA Industrial Estate Rayong Only 1 Private Sector Receives Recognition as Smart Industrial Estate in 2019
WHA Industrial Estate Rayong (WHA IER) received a Smart Industrial Estate certificate in the New City category from Digital Economy Promotion Agency’s Smart City Thailand Office*, covering all 7 categories in line with the government’s Thailand 4.0 initiative .
“SMARTCITY”A city that takes advantage of modern
technology and innovation to increase the efficiency of the city service and management, reduce the cost and resource usage of the target city and citizen.
WHA IER - Project Details
Customers Highlights
15
2019 Achievements
1,450 TOTAL CONTRACTS
80 NEW CUSTOMERS in 2019
130 NEW CONTRACTS in 2019
900 TOTAL CUSTOMERS
11,622 13,386
2018 2019
10,882
13,059
2018 2019
2,423 2,933
2018 2019
2,907 3,229
2018 2019
2019 Financial Performance Highlights
All Time High Normalized Performance
THB mm THB mm
To
tal R
eve
nu
e a
nd
Sh
are
of
Pro
fit
2019 Achievements
THB mm THB mm
Statutory Normalized
Net
Pro
fit
Att
rib
uta
ble
to
th
e P
are
nts
16
Logistics Business2019 Achievements
17
Logistics Business
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Logistics Business – 2019 Operating Performance
Group-Owned assets and preleased
Asset Under Management
Area owned by WHA Industrial Development and its subsidiaries
Area sold to HPF and HREIT
Industrial Properties
Area owned by WHA and its subsidiaries
Area sold to WHART and WHABT
Logistics Properties
701,677
219,199
482,478
1,317,703
341,185
1,658,889
88,913 141,619 141,619 169,433
891,286
298,139192,341
505,051
1,108,740
Total2,360,556
Unit : sq.m.
CAGR 28.7% (2006A – 2019A)
CAGR 24.6% (2012A – 2019A)
25%
20%
17%
17%
10% 11%
Thai
Japan
Europe
Asia(Exclu.Japan, Thai)
USA
China
40%
30%
17%
12%
1% 3PL
FMCG&Healthcare
Manufacturer
E-Commerce
Other
26%
23%15%6%
9%
19%
2%Japan
Europe
Asia(Exclu.Japan, China)USA
Australia
China
Other
27%
23%14%
22%
3%11%
Auto&Parts
Logistic
Electronic
Consumer
Industrial Service
Other
Industrial Properties BusinessLogistics Properties Business
Customer by Nationality Customer by Industry
Industrial Properties BusinessLogistics Properties Business
2,150,410
Remark: Figures as of Dec 31,2019 18
2,115,2931,975,361
2,321,721
2019 Achievements
108,382
150,225
49,530
293
45,243
135,777
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
2017 2018 2019
RBF/RBW BTS/Warehouse farm
Unit: Sq.m.
New Projects / Net Rent
• During 2019, WHA group has secured newprojects/net rent for Built-to-Suit, warehouse farmand RBF/RBW total of 185,307 sq.m.
o 49,530 sq.m. for Built-to-Suit, mainly fromE-commerce, automotive and healthcare.
o 135,777 sq.m. for RBF and RBW, mainly fromautomotive, consumer product and electronic.
• Decrease in new projects/net rent during 2019 dueto shifting of few projects, mainly fromE-commerce, construction material customers.
108,675
195,468185,307
19
2019 Achievements
Logistics Business – 2019 Operating Performance
Industrial Estate Business2019 Achievements
20
Industrial Estate Business
No. 1 by Land Sale since 2008 with 50% Average Market Share for the past 5 years
Unit: rai
21
Breakdown by Country
Overall Portfolio 2019
Japan 33% 8%
Thailand 18% 12%
Europe 11% 1%
USA 8% 3%
China 9% 54%
Taiwan 4% 14%
Korea 3% 3%
Other Asia 14% 5%
Total 100% 100%
Customer Breakdown*
Breakdown by Industry
Overall Portfolio 2019
Auto 32% 20%
Consumer 15% 31%
Petrochemical 9% 7%
Steel/Metal 8% 6%
Electronics 9% 24%
Logistics 5% 0%
Others 22% 12%
Total 100% 100%
Our Domestic Land Sales Record
Remark: * By number of contracts
No.1 Domestic Industrial Market Share
2009 … 2017 2018 9M2019
42
58
WHAIDWHAID
Industrial Estate Business – 2019 Customer Profile2019 Achievements
665
1043
835
974933
816
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
16%57%
42%44%
Total BOI Application Growth 40% CAGR for the past 5 years
Incoming Wave of Investments2019 Achievements
Chinese investment
applications in Thailand
surpassed those made by
Japanese companies for the
first time in 2019, worth almost
4 times as much.
Recent surge in
CHINESE
INVESTMENTS
already observed in
WHA Group
Source: Bangkok Post, “BOI: Chinese in the lead” published 14 Jan 2020, The Board of Investment of Thailand
60%+WHA Industrial Land Sales
in 2019 (in Rai) come from
CHINESE Investors
Target Applications 2019 Actual Applications 2019Actual Applications 2019
in 12 Targeted Industries
THB 750 bn THB 756 bnTHB 257 bn (38%)
Actual Applications 2019 in
3 EEC Provinces
THB 445 bn(59% of total value)
Northeast
THB 27.2 bnNorth
THB 27.2 bn
Central
THB 92.5 bn
West
THB 6.6 bn
South
THB 132 bn
2019 BOI total investment
applications stood at THB
756 bn from 1,624 projects.
Total FDI applications
amounted to THB 506 bn,
or 66% of total BOI.
BOI applications value is
16.2% lower than 2018,
which were worth THB 902
bn.
In 2019, Chinese led the investment in Thailand.
22
Chinese BOI
applications worth
THB 262 bn
US - China Trade Tension creates global negative economic impact,
but results in opportunities for well-positioned WHA group
96301 289
543 506102
283 325
272250
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Total Value by Non-FDI Total Value by FDI
Unit : THB Bn
198
584 614
815 756
BOI Application Value and FDI Value
Utilities and Power Business2019 Achievements
23
Utilities and Power Business
24
Sole provider of utilities to manufacturers/factories in leading industrial estates with a concrete plan to capture increasing demand from heavy users and expand outside i.e. other IEs, non-IE area and international
Water Sales & Managed Volume
Utilities Business - Overview2019 Achievements
2018
110million m3
105million m3
2019
Municipal Water
Industrial Water
Wastewater Treatment
Reclaimed & Demineralized Water
Water Product/Services & Capacity
25
Utilities Business – 2019 Operating Performance
2019 Achievements
43 46 49 53 55
19 17 17 17 1732 33 34 35 35
394 96 100 105 110
-10
10
30
50
70
90
110
130
150
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Industrial Water Raw Water Wastewater SDWTP & Cua Lo
Million m3/ year
Remark: The Utilities & Power business’s operating matrix under WHA level may differ from one shown in WHAUP level as a result of Pre-IPO restructuring, resulting in partial recognition in FY2016 under WHAUP.
37%
26%
11%
9%
5%
12%
Petrochemical
Energy
Automotive
Steel
Consumer
Others
2019 Volume by Industry
Utilities Portfolio Growth – Sale & Management Volume
• 63% of WHAUP’s volume are dispatched by Blue Chip Customers
26
Power Business2019 Achievements
521Installed
Equity MW
559Installed
Equity MW
Conventional Power Plant
Renewable Energy
Natural Gas
2018 2019
Continuing Growth from Projects Under Construction and Committed Projects in Pipeline
547 Equity MW of Existing
Conventional Power
Operating Projects – WHANGD 2 and WHANGD 4
Under Development – EIA Approved for WHANGD 3
Solar Rooftops
Equity MW COD9
Industrial Waste to Energy
Equity MW COD3
Power Business – 2019 Operating Performance2019 Achievements
GWh
IPP Group Energy Dispatch% AF
IPP Group Availability20182019
2018
2019
5,503
41738
4,905
5100
Gheco-One HHPC Glow IPP
95.6% 99.2%
85.6%
99.0%
Gheco-One Glow IPP
EGATIU SPP Group Energy Dispatch
GWh
4,5525,070
1,459 1,595
2018 2019
6,0116,665
% AF
SPP Group Average Availability
97.8% 98.0%
2018 20192018 20192018 2019
Digital Business
2019 Achievements
28
Digital Business
Digital Platform Business
Strengthening Competitiveness
Expand Customer CoverageLeverage from WHA Group’s customers base to capture captive demand
Attract customers through cross selling with existing services(network infrastructure, DC & Backup and System Integrators)
ENERGY STORAGEBIG DATA AIIOTSMART GRID
29
Business Collaboration with Reputable Partners
Well-Known Customers
2019 Achievements
FTTx
Covering
7 Industrial
Estates
4Data Centers
Agenda
II. 2019 Achievements
IV. 2020 Outlook
I. WHA Group Overview
III. 2019 Financial Performance
30
Appendix
Total Revenue and Share of Profit 2019 Financial Performance
11,389
1,670
33751
9,080
2,542
11,440
1,946
Total Revenue and Share of Profit
• Solid growth in Normalized Revenue and Share of Profit, mainly contributable from Sale of Properties Business , Rental Properties Business and Utilities and Power Business.
Unit: THB mmNormalized Basis
Remark: (1) Representing Total Revenue Inclusive Share of Profit (Financial Statement)
Remar (2) Representing Total Revenue Inclusive Share of Profit (Normalized)
(3) Include Share of Profit from JVs Asset Monetization to WHART in 4Q2018(4) To show the retroactive impact for comparing in the same basis with new TFRS15
accounting standard
11,622(1)
13,386(1)
+20%
+ 15%
13,059(2)
20192018
Rental Revenue from asset in WHABT before one time recognition in deferred revenue from monetization to WHART
Impact from FX Total Revenue Share of Profit One-Off ItemTFRS 15 Impact Adjustment (4)
Statutory
8,876
2,006
55255
204
(71)
10,882(2)
20192018
Normalized Basis
(61)
3131
2,933
23610615
32
Net Profit 2019 Financial Performance
21% 22%
2,907
Net Profit
• All time high Normalized Net Profit, mainly contributable from strong all business performance as well as lower financial cost
Remark: (1) Representing Net Profit (Financial Statement) (3) Impact from FX attributed to parent
Remark: (2) Representing Net Profit (Normalized) (4) To show the retroactive impact for comparing in the same basis with new TFRS15 accounting standard
Net Profit Impact from FX(3) One-Off Item
Net Profit Margin
TFRS 15 Impact Adjustment(4) Impact from Callable Bond
Rental Revenue from asset in WHABT before one time recognition in deferred revenue from monetization to WHART
5,458 2,947
1,317 2,252
464 247
2,425
3,343
2,296
3,520
6,279
-1,689
2,362
14,163
6,290 5,765
8,382
32% 47% 43%
2 0 1 6 A 2 0 1 7 A 2 0 1 8 A 2 0 1 8 BLogistics Share of Profit from JV's Asset Monetization
Industrial Development Asset Monetization to HREIT
Margin
2,933(2)
+21%
Unit: THB mm Normalized Basis
Statutory Normalized Basis
20192018 20192018
2,423
381 397044
3,229
3,229(1)
+ 11%
(50)
2,907(1)
2,423(2)
(61)
25% 24%
Summary of Financial Performance
33
2019 Financial Performance
Normalized Revenue and Share of Profit : THB 13,059 mm 20% | Normalized Net Profit : THB 2,933 mm 21%
Reported Revenue and Share of Profit : THB 13,386 mm 15% | Reported Net Profit : THB 3,229 mm 11%
Rental Properties Business Normalized Revenue
THB 951 mm 5% • Due to gradual increase in occupied area of RBF/RBW
Sale of Properties Business Normalized Revenue and Share of Profit
THB 7,396 mm 32% Sale of Industrial Land: THB 3,505 mm• Mainly from higher number of land transfer in 2019
compared to previous yearSale of Investment Properties: THB 3,891 mm• Mainly from revenue realized from deferred revenue
from asset monetization to WHABT in 2015. • Asset monetization to WHART in 2019 amounting of
THB 1,791 mm
Utilities Business Normalized Revenue
THB 2,245 mm 7% • Due mainly to higher demand of industrial water from
new and existing industrial clients as well as increasing in water demand from the completion of COD of 1 SPPs since 1Q19
Power Business Normalized Share of Profit
THB 1,442 mm 5% • Mainly due to lower Availability Payment Rate from the Planned Major Maintenance of Gheco-One
Normalized Finance Cost THB 1,092 mm 13% • Mainly due to accounting impact of early bond redemption and lower weighted average cost of fund
Net Profit Attributable to Owners of the ParentsNormalized Basis
THB 2,933 mm 21% • Strong Performance in 2019 mainly due to the following:
1. Increase in number of Industrial land transfer
2. Lower financial costNet Profit Attributable to Owners of the Parents
THB 3,229 mm 11%
Note : % of growth represent Y-o-Y growth basis
Performance by Business
34
2019 Financial Performance
Industrial Revenue
Normalized Margin without realized revenue from asset sold to WHABT
2,125 3,505
1,689
2,1011,317
1,551
464
240 5,594
7,396
45%
35%
2 0 1 8 2 0 1 9
Real GPM before PPA of 2019: 50% (GPM before PPA only Industrial Development Land sales : 55%)
Note : Gross profit margin on consolidated financial statement is different from that on operation financial statement (genuine performance) due to the effect of PPA adjustment after acquisition
RENTAL PROPERTY BUSINESS (NORMALIZED) SALE OF PROPERTIES BUSINESS (NORMALIZED)
In 2019 the GPM excluded revenue realized from asset sold to WHABT, increased Y-o-Y from 45% to 49%.
The Reported Basis of GPM from Properties sales in 2019 decreased to 35%.
The Normalized GPM slightly decreased to 57% in 2019 due mainly to change in product mix between BTS and RBF/RBW.
The Normalized GPM represent the rental income excluded rental
revenue from asset in WHABT before one time recognition in deferred revenue from monetization to WHART.
Real GPM before PPA of 2019 : 57%
Realized revenue from asset sold to WHABT
Normalized Margin
Share of Profit from JV's Asset Monetization
Asset Monetization to HREIT
Logistics Revenue
Industrial Revenue
5,458 2,947
1,317 2,252
464 247
2,425
3,343
2,296
3,520
6,279
-1,689
2,362
14,163
6,290 5,765
8,382
32% 47% 43%
2 0 1 6 A 2 0 1 7 A 2 0 1 8 A 2 0 1 8 BLogistics Share of Profit from JV's Asset Monetization
Industrial Development Asset Monetization to HREIT
Margin
Unit: THB mmUnit: THB mm
5,458 2,947
1,317 2,252
464 247
2,425
3,343
2,296
3,520
6,279
-1,689
2,362
14,163
6,290 5,765
8,382
32% 47% 43%
2 0 1 6 A 2 0 1 7 A 2 0 1 8 A 2 0 1 8 BLogistics Share of Profit from JV's Asset Monetization
Industrial Development Asset Monetization to HREIT
Margin
Project A Revenue
49%
Logistics Revenue Normalized Margin
524 636
385 315
909 951
58% 57%
2 0 1 8 2 0 1 9
312 321
460 694
772 1,015
2018 2019
2,070 2,148
27 111 2,096
2,245
43% 42%
2018 2019
Utilities Revenue Share of Profit
35
Performance by Business2019 Financial Performance
UTILITIES BUSINESS (NORMALIZED) POWER BUSINESSUnit: THB mm
The GPM of Utilities sale in 2019 slightly at 42% mainly from decrease in natural water volume, which is the source of raw water.
Unit: THB mmReal GPM before PPA of 2019 : 45%
The normalized performance in 2019 dropped Y-o-Y, Mainly due to lower
Availability Payment Rate from the Planned Major Maintenance of Gheco-One.
(558)
(71)459 60 1,031 1,461 1,284
Nomalized Share of Profit Impact From FX Write-Off Tax PaymentOne-Off Item TFRS 15 Impact
Adjustment(1)Normalized Share of Profit
OTHER REVENUES
The increase in other revenues in 2019 was mainly due to increase in
dividend and management income as well as one‐time charge to one built‐to‐suite client for contract restructuring.
Unit: THB mm
Normalized Margin
5,458 2,947
1,317 2,252
464 247
2,425
3,343
2,296
3,520
6,279
-1,689
2,362
14,163
6,290 5,765
8,382
32% 47% 43%
2 0 1 6 A 2 0 1 7 A 2 0 1 8 A 2 0 1 8 BLogistics Share of Profit from JV's Asset Monetization
Industrial Development Asset Monetization to HREIT
Margin
Note: Other revenues consist of property and REIT management fee, acquisition fee, dividend income, share of profit from JV, revenue from digital business and other income
Note : Gross profit margin on consolidated financial statement is different from that on operation financial statement (genuine performance) due to the effect of PPA adjustment after acquisition
(14)
1,511 1,442
552
55
337
2,046
1,779
(71)
2018 2019
Excessive Charge
Industrial RevenueLogistics Revenue
Revenue and Gross Profit Breakdown
36
2019 Financial Performance
Rental property539 8%
Sale of Industrial Estates
1,777 25%
Sale of IP's964 14%
Utilities941 14%
Power1,779 25%
Div & Mgt 541 8%
Other444 6%
Rental property
951 7% Sale of Industrial
Estates3,505 26%
Sale of IP's3,891 29%
Utilities2,245 17%
Power1,779 13%
Div & Mgt 541 4%
Other474 4%
GROSS PROFIT BREAKDOWNREVENUE AND SHARE OF PROFIT BREAKDOWN
Unit: THB mm Unit: THB mm
2019TOTAL
THB 13,386 mm
2019TOTAL
THB 6,985 mm
Remark: Share of profit from JV’s and Associates included Remark: Share of profit from JV’s and Associates included
Gross profits are based on consolidated financial statements and thus
affected by PPA adjustment
Recurring vs Non-Recurring = 45:55 Recurring vs Non-Recurring = 61:39
Remark: Power & Utility Businesses were full-year performance, comparing to WHAUP, which was partial consolidation
Bond Issuance &
Redemption
Financial Management
REIT Asset Monetization
37
Stand-by Credit Facilities totaling approx. 20 bn, available to drawdown for operating and investment (if needed)
Completion of Asset Monetization to WHART approx. 155,000 sq.m. of BTS warehouse/factory with net proceeds of THB 4,880 mm, transferred on 11 Dec 2019
Apr 19 Bond of THB 3,500 mm at 3.2% average cost of fund and 4 years average tenor
Jun 19 Bond of THB 200 mm at 2.8% average cost of fund and 3 years average tenor
Jul 19 Bond of THB 2,000 mm at 2.8% average cost of fund and 3 years average tenor
Early Bond Redemption of THB 2,500 mm at 5.8% cost of fund
Key Financial ActivitiesFinancing Performance
Financial Position
38
Unit: THB mm
CAPITAL STRUCTURE RETURN ON INVESTMENT
Total asset increased by THB 3,919 mm in 2019 due mainly to increased in operating performance, market price of investment trust unit and retain earning.
Total liability increased by THB 1,832 mm due mainly to increase in short-term loans from financial institutions
The total shareholders’ equity increased by THB 2,087 mm in 2019 due mainly to WHA-W1 exercise as well as increase in retain earning.
14.00%
11.08%12.42%
8.59%7.76% 7.73%
5.17% 5.10% 5.34%
2017 2018 1H'19
ROE ROIC ROA
14.00%
11.08% 11.39%
8.59%7.76% 7.13%
5.17% 5.10% 4.93%
2017 2018 2019
ROE ROIC ROA
73,619 78,345 82,264
28,533 31,014 33,101
45,086 47,331 49,163
1.58 1.53 1.49
1.12 1.04 1.19
(2 .0 0)
(1 .5 0)
(1 .0 0)
(0 .5 0)
-
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
0%
2019 Financial Performance
Debt Profile
39
As of December 2019Unit: THB mm
Weighted Average
Interest Rate
3.41%
WHA+WHAID WHAUP
Weighted Average
Interest Rate
3.59%
Weighted Average
Interest Rate
3.00%
As of December 2018
Unit: THB mm
Weighted Average
Interest Rate
3.88%
WHAUP
Weighted Average
Interest Rate
3.17%
IBD/E Ratio : 1.17 time IBD/E Ratio : 1.18 time
Bond25,573 mm
95%
Short Term Note
1,390 mm5%
Weighted Average
Interest Rate
4.12%
WHA+WHAID
Bond34,573 mm
96%
Short Term Note1,390 mm4%
Credit Rating
A-
Bond9,000 mm
100%
Bond9,000 mm
76%
Term Loan2,565 mm
22%
Short Term Note200 mm
2%
Bond33,280 mm
86%
Term Loan3,065 mm
8%
Short Term Note
2,350 mm6%
Bond24,280 mm
90%
Term Loan500 mm
2%
Short Term Note2,150 mm
8%
2019 Financial Performance
40
Bond Maturity Profile
5,538 mm 6,000 mm4,754 mm
1,428 mm 1,280 mm2,380 mm
400 mm
4,000 mm 2,390 mm
1,500 mm
1,290 mm1,320 mm
1,500 mm
2,500 mm
-1,000 mm -1,500 mm
12,038 mm
8,390 mm
6,254 mm
2,718 mm
1,280 mm
3,700 mm
400 mm1,500 mm
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
WHA: Bond WHA: Term Loan WHAUP: Bond/ Term Loan WHA: Callable Bond
Bond Maturity as of 21 February 2020
Unit: THB mm
Remark :THB 1,000 mm bond and THB 1,500 mm bond which will mature in 2022 and 2025 respectively, have embedded call option
from the year 2020.
2019 Financial Performance
Agenda
II. 2019 Achievements
IV. 2020 Outlook
I. WHA Group Overview
III. 2019 Financial Performance
41
Appendix
42
2020 Growth Remains Subdued2020 Macro Environment Outlook
Higher Growth Rate Expected, But Still Fragile
WORLD
2.4 - 2.9% 2.5 - 3.3%
2019F
2020F
2.2 - 2.3 %
USA
1.7 – 2.0%
EURO
1.1 – 1.4% 1.0 – 1.6%
MIDDLE EAST
0.1 – 0.8% 2.4 – 2.8%
4.80 – 5.7%
INDIA
5.8 - 6.6%
CHINA
6.0 – 6.1% 5.8 – 6.0%
2.5 – 3.0%
THAILAND
2.7 – 3.1%
0.7 – 1.0%
JAPAN
0.5 – 0.9%
VIETNAM
6.8% - 6.9% 6.5 – 6.6%
“Fragile, Handle with Care”
World Bank, Jan 2020
Source: Forecasted GDP growth range is based on World Bank (Jan 2020), IMF (Jan 2020), UNCTAD (Jan 2020), Morgan Stanley (Dec 2019)
“Potential Threats to Mitigate” or “Opportunities to Grab”
2020 Key Events2020 Macro Environment Outlook
EEC Progress
Technologies and
Disruptions
Global Trade Tensions
Climate and Environment
43
US 2020 Presidential
Election
Logistics Business2020 WHA Plan
44
Logistics Business
30 January 2020Note: Key deliverables 2019 Latest View includes net rent, new rent & new contract of approx. 200,000 sq.m.
2020 Target
2019 2020F
2,560,000SQM
2,360,000SQM
Assets under Owned and Managed
E-Commerce Park Phase II 70,000 sq.m.
E-Commerce Center Phase II 30,000 sq.m.
Automotive 25,000 sq.m.
Construction Material 30,000 sq.m.
Food Process 10,000 sq.m.
Food Production 10,000 sq.m.
Multi-temperature 11,000 sq.m.
45
Logistics Business2020 WHA Plan
UPCOMING High Value Projects in 2020
Target New Projects/Net Rent
in 2020
250,000 SQM
30 January 2020
Emphasis on Strategic Partnerships and High-Growth Industries
Aviation and
Aerospace
E-Commerce
Seaport & Transportation
Infrastructure
Automotive
Food Processing
Establish long-term partnership with GLOBAL & REGIONAL players
Extend EXISTING relationship
46
Logistics Business
2020 WHA Plan
Focus on high-potential industry clusters Establish & Extend Strategic Partnerships
Develop Win-Win Partnerships
30 January 2020
AI Logistics Software
Barcode Scanning
Signed MOU with “GROUND Inc.”
a leading LogiTech® business in Japan
To optimize warehouse
operation using Artificial
Intelligence & Robots
Dynamic
Allocation
System
“DyAS”
Goods-to-Person Robots Gripper (Soft Robotics) Autonomous Mobile Robot
Automated Guided Vehicle
AGV IoT, Big Data
Robot Arm
AS/RS
Automated Storage &
Retrieval System
47
Logistics Business2020 WHA Plan
Embracing Smart Technologies
30 January 2020
Under StudyExisting Footprint
Exploring Opportunities in
Strategic Areas of VIETNAM
Regional
Expansion
Leverage on Industry Leadership in Thailand to Expand to
Strategic Target Countries
Growing Industrial Activities
Characteristics of Strategic Areas
Rising E-Commerce
Improving Infrastructure
Connectivity
48
Logistics Business2020 WHA Plan
Expand to Target Neighboring Countries
Industrial Estate Business2020 WHA Plan
49
Industrial Estate Business
30 January 2020
2019 2020F
1,400 Rai Land Sales
2020 Target
Remark: /1 including new Industrial Estate WHA RY36
/2 including 44,400 Rai operating and under development in Thailand and Vietnam
/3 market share based on adjusted accumulated land transfer since 2014 to 30 Sep 2019 (reference total market number from CBRE)
/4 New customers include customers from land sales and rental building in Thailand
11Industrial
Estates
1Industrial
Estate
865 Rai
Land Sale and Rent to
45 Chinese and
Taiwanese Customers
in 2019
Successfully Captured
China Investments As
Most Ready Developer
for 15 Years
50% Market Share/3
No.1
816 Rai Land Sales
66 New Customers/4
50
Industrial Estate Business2020 WHA Plan
Industrial Estates Overview
30 January 2020
Extending Our Domestic Leadership
11Industrial Estates in
Thailand
In 2020
1
WHA IER, Rayong
WHA SIL2 , Saraburi
New IE coming up
LAND STOCK IN THAILAND
Remark: /1 Net Sellable Land including Land under HLP and RBF/RBW
/2Land Stock is Gross Area Including Land Under Developing and Plan to Develop as well as Raw Land
Upcoming
New
Projects by
2023
+4
Including
New
Estate
WHA RY 36 construction
to start by end of 2020
In process of obtaining permits/licenses
In process of obtaining permits/licenses
10,000Rai/2
• Rayong Province
• Gross area 1,280 Rai
• Sellable area 980 Rai
• Promoted S-curve Industries
Sustain Efforts to Increase
Land Bank in Target Areas
WHA ESIE 4 (Expansion Phase)
The Most Ready Industrial Estate Developer to Capture Continuing Investment Relocation and
New S-Curve Opportunities
In process of obtaining permits/licenses
51
Industrial Estate Business2020 WHA Plan
30 January 2020
Catering to Higher Value Industries
Target Promoted S-Curve Industries
Aviation &
Logistics
RoboticsBiofuel &
BiochemicalDigital
Intelligent
Electronics
Food
Processing
Next-
Generation
Automotive
Medical
Tourism
Advance
Biotechnology
Comprehensive
Healthcare
Collaborations With Industry Experts For New
Products and Services
New Waste
Management
SolutionsBeyond Industrial Waste
to Energy
5G / Telecommunication
SolutionsBeyond Fiber Optic and FTTx
Various Types
of Gas Supply /
DistributionBeyond Natural Gas
Distribution
Sources: EEC
52
Industrial Estate Business2020 WHA Plan
30 January 2020
Drone
Centralized
Monitoring Room
Wastewater
Reclamation
Fire Pump
Monitoring
Solar Monitoring
System
Solar Rooftop and
Solar Carpark
Waste-to-Energy
Power Plant
Water and Wastewater
Metering Devices
Logistics and
Building Maintenance
Smart App
SMART ECO
INDUSTRIAL
ESTATES
SMART SECURITY
SMART MOBILITY
SMART POWER
SMART COMMUNICATION
SMART SERVICES
Data Center
FTTX
CRM Business
Intelligence
5G
Sandbox
Smart Grid
Online Monitoring
System
Demineralized and
Desalination Water
Ultrasonic Water
Depth Sensor
SMART WATER
Adaptive Traffic
Control
CCTV
Embracing New Technologies and Innovation
Cloud
Service
Continue Rolling out “Smart Eco IE Concept” in WHA Industrial Estates
53
Industrial Estate Business2020 WHA Plan
30 January 2020
From Thailand Leader to ASEAN Champion
Exploring strategic PARTNERSHIPS with large
land owners in PRIORITIZED LOCATIONS
Leverage On 30-year Experience in Thailand to Expand Regionally
20,000
RaiTotal Project In
Nghe An, Vietnam
WHA Industrial Zone 1 – Nghe An
3,100 RaiTotal phase 1
development
is on going
1,000 RaiSubstantially
completed and
available to potential
customers
Equipped with HIGHEST QUALITY and
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Infrastructure
, The Initial Footprint of WHA Group in Vietnam
Enabling OTHER BUSINESSES and
COLLABORATIONS with industry experts
4 lanes with
Reinforced
Concrete Pavement
Dike at 4.30 m. high
with drainage
pumping system
Fiber Optic For
High Speed Internet
Water
Business
Industrial
Properties
Gas Pipeline
Business
125 RaiSecured*
Remark: *2018-2019 Accumulated Area Secured by MOU/LOI
** The remaining of phase 1
In Process of Obtaining Permits / Approvals For 2,100 Rai**
54
Industrial Estate Business2020 WHA Plan
Utilities and Power Business2020 WHA Plan
55
Utilities and Power Business
30 January 2020
2020F
590Installed
Equity MW
2019
559 Installed
Equity MW
2020F2019
110Million M3
147Million M3
30Million M3
International
Target Water Sales & Managed Volume
Non-WHAIE
Products
Target Power Contracted Capacity
3 Non-
WHAIE
Products Million M3
International
56
Utilities and Power Business2020 WHA Plan
2020 Target
30 January 2020
of the world’s population may face Water Shortages
2016 2030
Provinces of Thailand Declared Drought Emergency
Water Level In Dams (% of total capacity) in 9 provinces of Thailand
of globally produced wastewater Proper Treatment
Global Water Situation
2/3
16
<30%
Demineralized
Water
Recycled
Water
Reclamation
Water
Municipal
Water
~20%
~34% of wastewater in Thailand was treated
Projected CAGR Growth in
Water Demand from 2016-2030
of Population Had Access
To Treated Surface Water
~2% p.a.
~30%
WATER SCARCITY WATER POLLUTION
Thailand Water Situation Vietnam Water Situation
Water Trends
~13% of urban sewerage is
Treated Before Discharge
Utilities Business2020 WHA Plan
Utilities Industry Outlook
Source : OECD, World Vision, Thailand State of Pollution Report 2015, PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2030 Water Resource Group, Vietnam’s Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
30 January 2020
Growing Beyond the Core
>3,650,000m3 /yearCapacity
Launch Innovative Product and Solutions
M U N I C I P A L W A S T E W A T E R T R E A T M E N T
W A S T E W A T E R R E C L A M A T I O N
D E M I N E R A L I Z E D W A T E R
S E A W A T E R D E S A L I N A T I O N
Partner with Industrial Estate
Developers to Provide Utility
Solutions, Focusing in Eastern Area
Up to 400,000 m3/yr (full
capacity)
Central Wastewater Treatment
Plant
30Y BOO contract with PTT(Expected to be complete in 3Q’20)
EECi
Demineralized Water
provided to Power
Plants, Petrochemical
and IE customers
Develop or Secure Alternative Raw Water
Supply for existing and future facilities, focusing in Eastern and Southern areas
Continuously Expand
Utilities Business in New
WHA IE (WHA RY36, WHA IER and WHA
SIL2)
2,000,000 m3/yr capacity
Demineralized Water Plant
(GPSC)
3,650,000 m3/yr capacity
Wastewater Reclamation
Plant (WHA EIE)
In 2020
58
Utilities Business2020 WHA Plan
30 January 2020
MG Solar Carpark Project
“Thailand’s Largest Solar Carpark
Project”
JJR Chicken Farm
Nakhon Nayok
Capacity 1.0 MW
Nikkei Siam
Aluminium
Pathum Thani
Capacity 1.0 MW
Danieli Far East
ESIE, Rayong
Capacity 1.6 MW
Wisewoods
Petchaburi
Capacity 5.0 MW
35 MW 50 MW
2020F2019
WHA ESIE2
Capacity 4.9 MW
Y Ogura
ESIE, Rayong
Capacity 0.5 MW
Asno Horie
ESIE, Rayong
Capacity 1.5 MW
Cumulative Target Signed PPA
59
Power Business2020 WHA Plan
Specializing in Solar for Industrial Users
30 January 2020
P2P Energy Trading
WHAUP collaborates with PEA in studying P2P Energy Trading and Smart Microgrid in WHA Industrial Estates
Utility Grid
Co-generation
Power
Renewable
Power
Energy Storage
Industrial
Users/
Prosumers
Energy cost saving to industrial users
Increase opportunity to invest in
renewable energy
Enhance reliability, efficiency and cost saving
for industrial users
Increase opportunity to Invest in distributed
generation
Study on ESS technology
Prosumer
ConsumerConsumer
WHA signed a Memorandum of
Understanding with PEA for a joint feasibility
study on energy innovation projects under the Energy
Regulatory Commission Sandbox (ERC Sandbox) program
and joint implementation of other energy innovation projects
in WHA Group’s industrial estates.
60
Power Business2020 WHA Plan
Introducing Innovative Energy Solutions
Smart Microgrid
61
Utilities Business – Overseas Operations
2019 Achievements
110.0Million m3 /year
330.0Million m3 /year
Hanoi
110.0 Million m3/year
Future Development 2019
First Move towards
Non-Industrial
Business
Nghe An Duong River Surface Water Plant
WHAUP
acquired
34% Stake
in Duong River
Water Plant in
2019
Partnership with
Aqua One Water
JSC
Cua Lo Water Supply Vietnam Operating Capacity
4.4 Million m3/yearWater Distribution Capacity (Completed)
3.5 Million m3/yearWastewater Treatment Capacity (Expected Completion in 1Q’20)
4.8 Million m3/yearWater Treatment and
Distribution
+3.7 Million m3/year potential expansion in 2020
>110Million m3 /year
Sales volume 2020F
COMPLETED
66Million m3 /year
Sales Volume 2019
220.0 Million m3/year
Accelerating our Expansion in Vietnam
Digital Business
2020 WHA Plan
62
Digital Business
30 January 2020
Data Center: Gaining Traction
• Attract customers through cross selling with existing services(network infrastructure, DC & Backup and System Integrators)
• Leverage from WHA Group’s customers base
• Moving up the value chain (from IAAS to PAAS and SAAS)
EquityRacksCapacity1 Industrial Estate having
100% FTTx coverage
102TIER IVGOLD
EquityRacksCapacity
WHA SIL
DATA CENTERS
4
356TIER III
FTTx: Enhancing Digital Connectivity
10Industrial Estates covered FTTx by
2020
• Leverage WHA Group’s customers base to capture captive demand
• Recurring income
• Becoming provider of FTTxinfrastructure of WHA Group
6Industrial Estates having partial FTTx coverage (100% coverage by 2021)
3Industrial Estates to start FTTx service by 2020
WHA CIE 2, ESIE, WHA ESIE 1, WHA ESIE 2, WHA ESIE 3, WHA ESIE 4
WHA CIE, WHA EIE, WHA RIL
1.3
Average Core Usage
Cores Per Factory
Tendency to increase in the future!
Colocation Service
Cloud Computing Service
PRODUCTS & SERVICES
63
Digital Business
2020 WHA Plan
Strengthening Competitiveness
30 January 202064
Digital Business
2020 WHA Plan
WHA to offer 5G network to our customers through cooperation between telecom operators and government authorities within WHA boundaries
5G Potential Use-Case
Autonomous Vehiclese.g. driverless car and truck
Smart Homes/Buildings/Citiese.g. smart light, smart meter
Critical Infrastructure Protection & Control e.g. Smart Grid
Process Automation e.g. aviation, robotics
New Form Factors e.g. wearables and sensors
Extreme Mobile Broadband e.g. UHD Virtual Reality
30 January 202065
Committed to Create Shareholders Value
2020 WHA Target
Remark: /1Include other income and Share of Profits, /2 After Elimination of Purchase Price Allocation
Aim for a BALANCEDRevenue Contribution
43%
26%
30%
1%
Logistics Industrial Development Utilities and Power Digital
2020F
57% 43%RECURRINGSALES
40%
35%
23%
2%
2020F2019LV
Target GROWTH of Operating Revenue
and Share of Profits/1
Target HIGH Level of Earnings
30 January 202066
Investment Plan for 2020 - 2024
2020 WHA Target
TOTAL 5Y CAPEXMainly from Internal Cash Flow from Operation
52,000 mm
TARGET IBD*/EQUITY RATIO ≤1 times
Remark : *Interest Bearing Debt
Agenda
II. 2019 Achievements
IV. 2020 Outlook
I. WHA Group Overview
III. 2019 Financial Performance
67
Appendix
Group Structure – Operating CompaniesAppendix
WHA KPN Alliance Central WHA Alliance
WHARTNAV per unit –THB 9.99/1
Paid-Up Capital–THB 20,482.5 mmTotal Asset–THB 33,214.3 mm
WHABTNAV per unit –THB 10.52/1
Paid-Up Capital–THB 1,941.0 mmTotal Asset–THB 2,703.2 mm
15.00% 15.00%
WHA Daiwa Logistics Property
WHA Infonite
Registered – THB 400 mmPaid-up – THB 400 mm
WHA Industrial Development PCL.
Registered – THB 6,000 mmPaid-up Cap – THB 3,882 mm
98.54%
97.67%
Core Business
WHA Corporation PCL
Registered – THB 1,567.8 mmPaid-up Cap – THB 1,470.9 mm
WHAUP/2
Registered – THB 3,825 mmPaid-up Cap – THB 3,825 mm
70.00%/2
Property Funds and REITs
HPFNAV per unit –THB 9.90/1
Paid-Up Capital–THB 4,629.5 mm Total Asset–THB 4,731.4 mm
22.95%
HREITNAV per unit – THB 9.09/1
Paid-Up Capital–THB 6,223.4 mm Total Asset–THB 9,901.5 mm
15.00%
JV Collaborations
Gheco-One
Glow IPP
Houy Ho Power
GNLL 2
Gulf Solar
WHA Gunkul
BPWHA1
JV Collaborations – Utilities & Power/2
64.97% 49.99%
50.99%
35.00%
5.00%
12.75%
25.01%
25.01%
75.00%
25.01%
Eastern Seaboard Clean Energy
33.33%
Remarks: /1 NAV per unit as of Jun 30, 2019/2 Held by WHA Industrial Development PCL.
Genesis Data Center
33.33%
Gulf VTP Gulf TS1-4 Gulf WHA MT
25.01% 25.01% 35.00%
15.00%
WHA Industrial Zone Nghe An Joint Stock Company/2
WHA -JD Alliance
51.00%
Eastern Seaboard Industrial Estate
99.00%
SUPERNAP Thailand
60.00%
68
Shareholding Information / Board of Directors
Shareholding Information/1
Top 10 Shareholder/1
Shareholder No. of Share %
1) WHA Holding Co., Ltd./2 3,716,851,546 25.3%2) Ms. Jareeporn Jarukornsakul/2 1,473,761,769 10.0%3) STATE STREET BANK EUROPE LIMITED 1,017,466,095 6.9%4) Mr. Somyos Anantaprayoon/2 974,467,458 6.6%5) Thai NVDR Co., Ltd. 949,789,810 6.5%6) UBS AG SINGAPORE BRANCH/2 241,247,710 1,6%7) BBLAM – BTP 238,677,600 1.6%8) BBLAM – B-LTF 237,596,300 1.6%9) SOUTH EAST ASIA UK (TYPE C) NOMINEES LIMITED 186,404,185 1.3%
10) Ms. Chatchamon Anantaprayoon/2 138,087,915 0.9%
Board of Directors and Management
Appendix
Remarks: /1 Shareholder information as of Nov 22, 2019/2 Major shareholder holds 45% of the total outstanding shares while parts of major shareholders shares are hold via UBS AG, Singapore Branch.
Mr. Jakrit ChaisanitDirector
Chief Operating Officer-Logistics business
Dr. Kritsana Sukboonyasatit
Independent Director
Member of the Audit Committee
Dr. Somsak Pratomsrimek
Independent Director
Member of the Audit Committee
Ms. Jareeporn JarukornsakulChairman of Board of Directors
Group Chief Executive Officer
Mr. David Richard NardoneVice Chairman of Board of Directors
Chief Executive Officer- Industrial Business
Mr. Vivat JiratikarnsakulDirector
Chief Operating Officer-Industrial business
Mr. Narong KritchanchaiDirector
Chief Legal Officer
Mr. Somsak Boonchoyreungchai
Director
Chief Accounting Officer
Dr. Pichit Akrathit
Independent Director
Chairman of the Audit Committee
Independent Directors
Dr. Apichai Boontherawara
Independent Director
Member of the Audit Committee
Board of Directors and Management
69
Mr. Krailuck AsawachatrojDirector
Chief Strategic Officer
Chief Financial Officer
Appendix
Selected Logistics Customers
CONSUMER GOODS
DANGEROUS GOODS
FOOD CHAINAND PET FOOD
HEALTHCARE
AUTOMOTIVE
THIRD PARTY LOGISTICS (3PL)
AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING
E-COMMERCE
70
Selected Industrial CustomersAppendix
71