“Promoting Trade, Inclusiveness and

Connectivityfor Sustainable Development”

Global Review of Aid for Trade 2017

Sainabou Taal

Monitoring and Evaluation Exercise

Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) exercise is a core element in the 2016-2017 WTO Aid for Trade (AfT) biennial work programme.

M&E exercise includes: Self assessment questionnaires (partner countries, donors, south-south partners, regional

economic communities/transport corridors) Case stories (public sector, private sector, NGOs/Academia) Country profiles AfT Financial flows

Thematic focus Aid for Trade priorities Trade Facilitation E-commerce Infrastructure, Services and Investment

… to inform analysis for Aid for Trade at a Glance and other accompanying publications and showcase at the…

6th edition of the AfT Global Review 11-13 July, 2017

Response to the M&E exercise

111 questionnaire responses145 case story submissions

Responses from Africa

Partner Countries 31 Benin; Botswana; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad; Congo; Comoros; Côte d'Ivoire; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Gabon; The Gambia; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Lesotho; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Mauritius; Namibia; Niger; Rwanda; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Sudan; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe

RECs/TransportCorridors

4 COMESA; ECOWAS; TradeMark East Africa; Walvis Bay Corridor Group

Bilateral/MultilateralDonors

2 African Development Bank, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

Almost half the partner country responses from Africa

AfT Priorities

AfT Disbursements by Region

AfT Flows by Category (to Africa)

PHYSICAL CONNECTIVITY

Main Messages• Trade facilitation implementation is a priority;

• Developing countries and donors are in dialogue;

• Increased private sector engagement;

• Much is already going on but gaps remain – particularly since the legal entry into force of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement;

• Assistance will be sought particularly to implement Art. 8 (Border Agency Cooperation), Art. 7 (Release and Clearance of Goods) and Art. 1 (Publication and Availability of Information).

Trade facilitation is a development priority

Rwanda: “Trade facilitation is reflected in both national and regional development policies as regional integration is among government priorities”

Zambia: “At national level Zambia has a National Trade Facilitation committee to oversee all TF-related matters. At regional level TF is reflected as a priority in a broader sense through African Union initiatives”

Niger: “As a landlocked country, Niger sees in trade and transport facilitation a means to strengthen its access to the sea and to enshrine freedom of transit”

Status of TFA RatificationLegal Entry into Force: 22 February 2017Ratifications: 115 (19 from Africa)Notifications from Africa: Category A (26); B (4); C(4)

Aid for Trade and TFA implementationWhich disciplines of the Trade Facilitation Agreement are you seeking Aid-for-Trade support to implement?

Response count

What the respondents say…• Botswana: [On the] test[ing] procedures [of the] Single Window

• Burkina Faso: [On the] Single window

• Cameroon wishes to obtain support for most of the measures, with the exception of those relating to Articles 10.6 & 11.4 of the Agreement, which has been notifiedunder Category A and those related under Category B.

• Comoros: Other measures require technical assistance for their implementation: Focal Point, Appeal or review, Pre-arrival treatment, Electronic Payment Control afterborder clearance, Authorized Operator, International Standards, Single Window, Procedures and common documents

• Congo: [On] Electronic payment [and] risk assessment.

• Democratic Republic of the Congo: Support for the development of regulatory texts in the relevant sectoral ministries concerned with the activities of the singlewindow for external trade. Support-for-the coordination of the Single Window to improve work between the different offices across the country. Computerization ofministries involved in the sector in relation to one-stop shop activities. The General Directorate of Customs And Excise needs the equipment and as well as support inorder to establish a data bank and also to train customs staff. The EIF suggests supporting the National Committee on Trade facilitation and assistance for theextension and democratisation of support to trade facilitation at the national level.

• Gabon: [On] information points, consultations, early decisions, notification of monitoring or reinforced inspection, general retention disciplines concerning fees andcharges imposed on importation and exportation, or on the occasion of importation and exportation, specific disciplines concerning fees and charges imposed on theimportation and exportation or on the occasion to import and export, electronic payment, risk management, PCA, establishment and publication of the average timenecessary to release, trade facilitation measures for approved operators, cooperation between border agencies, formalities for required documents, acceptance ofcopies, use of international standards, Single Window, procedures at borders and requirements regarding the uniformity of required documents, freedom of transit.

• The Gambia expects aid-for-trade support to develop its capacities to implement the commitments in its Category B and C notifications.

• Guinea: [On the] Single window

• Mauritius: Art 1.3: Inquiry Points Art 5.3: Test Procedures Art 7.4: Risk Management Art 7.6 Establishment and publication of Average Release Time. Art 10.9.2 Inwardand Outward Processing For additional info on Mauritius' Categories, please consult WTO document reference: WT/PCTF/N/MUS/2.

• Niger needs technical and final assistance for Single Window implementation.

• Tanzania: [A] copy of the result of needs assessment [is available at]: TN/TF/W/143/Rev.7

• Uganda: [For the] Single Window Authorized Economic Operator.

• Zambia: [For] Single Window Implementation, [and] One Stop Border Posts.

TF Case Stories at a Glance Trademark East Africa’s Automation of the Application and Issuance of Certificates of Origin inKenya resulted in an average time reduction to obtain a certificate of origin of 86% from 84 hoursto 12 hours. Logistics costs fell from US$ 75 to US$17. (Trade Mark East Africa)

Due to the Ghana National Single Window (GNSW), Ghana’s ranking in the WB Trading AcrossBorders Report, rose 13 places from 167th place in 2016 to 154th in 2017. This was associatedwith a reduction in the time and cost of import procedures of 400 hours and US$ 50 respectively,per consignment. Similar improvements were registered in the WB Logistics Performance Index(LPI), where Ghana rose 12 places from 100th in 2014 to 88th in 2016, the largest improvementsince the survey was launched in 2007. Estimated to reduce the time and cost of trade relatedprocedures by approximately 50% and bring savings to the economy of over US$ 120 millionannually. (Ghana Revenue Authority)

The Integrated Border Management to Reduce Trade Costs in East Africa involves eight donors(Canada, US, UK, Belgium, Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark and Finland). Some project activitiesinclude equipping and setting up 13 one-stop border posts, using ICT and web-based proceduresand supporting the EAC Customs Directorate in customs revenue management. The case storyrecords an 11.6% reduction in transport times from Dar es Salam-Bujumbura and Mombasa-Kigali. (Canada)

DIGITAL CONNECTIVITY

Main messages

Intertwines with physical connectivity

Underpins Global Value Chains

Digitally delivered goods and services

Physically delivered goods and services

E-commerce/digital-related strategies Does your government have a

national strategy for e-commerce (orother national digital-relatedstrategy)?

Burkina Faso: “[the] e-commerce sectoral cyber strategy [was] adopted in 2013 by the Government”

Senegal: “[the]strategy entitled "2025 Digital Senegal" is currently being drafted”

The Gambia: “The Ministry of Information and Communication Infrastructure has developed National Information and Communication Infrastructure Policy (NICI) which factored ICTs in Trade (e-commerce). A concept note has already been developed for the formulation of the e-Commerce Strategy”Response count

Top 10 challenges MSMEs face in relation to cross border e-commerce transactions (Africa Responses)

Response count

Challenges that e-commerce present for customs and other border management authorities

Global and Regional Initiatives

AfDB’s Connect Africa Initiativeseeks to mobilize the human,financial, and technical resourcesneeded to bridge major gaps in ICTinfrastructure across the continent

ECOWAS’ E-commerce legislationHarmonization is being reviewedto promote a legal framework one-commerce in the region in orderto enable enterprises in membercountries to key into and competein the digital economy

Case Stories at a Glance• According to a survey, in Kenya, "usage of non-bank financial institutions more

than doubled from 7.5% in 2006 to 17.9% in 2009-this could be mostly attributedto the new M-PESA service provided by Safaricom.” (AfDB)

• Jumia Market, an e-commerce platform, has helped to empower economically tens of thousands of traders in Africa in the past 3 years through e-commerce. That being said, logistics and access to internet is still a real issue in the on the continent. (Jumia, Cameroon)

• Launched in 2016 in Nigeria, Facebooks Express Wi-Fi (CS 158) is also providingaffordable and fast internet services that are reducing the costs of business for ITentrepreneurs in Alaba International Market in Lagos. (Facebook)

• Ghana’s National Telecoms Policy (2005) was aimed at achieving universal accessto telephone, Internet and multimedia services by 2010. Between 2005 and theend of 2012, mobile penetration grew from 13.28% to 100.28%. Ghana’s access tointernational bandwidth has also increased significantly since the start of thedecade thanks to liberalization and increased competition. The arrival of fivecables unleashed significant competition for international bandwidth and adramatic fall in the wholesale cost of capacity. Today, the cost of an E1 connectionin Ghana is around $1,200, down from as much as $12,000 in 2006. (Alliance forAffordable Internet)

INFRASTRUCTURE, SERVICES AND INVESTMENT

Main Messages• Services play an important role in enabling both

traditional and electronic trade;

• Infrastructure is a priority;

• .. but need renewed focus on other enabling services;

• Main constraints to services growth in Africa includelack of access to finance, poor infrastructure (ICT,transport), absence of national services policyframework, lack of FDI.

Main issues constraining growth in services trade

Response count

Financing for Development ODA as a catalyst for private investments Plus private sector engagement

“Investment in infrastructure with private participation in developing countries totaled US$29.5 billion in H1 2016.” (World Bank’s, Private participation in infrastructure Database, Global Update for 1st half 2016)

Investment climate reforms Top 4 investment climate reforms taken by respondents from Africa in the last

5 years are- Embedding investment policy in overall development strategy (25) Updating investment policy, regulations and/or strategy (24) Facilitating entry and operations of foreign investors (22) Focusing on investment policy implementation and enforcement (22)

Examples public private initiatives Global Alliance for Trade Facilitation Global Infrastructure Facility The Private Infrastructure Development Group (PIDG)

CTD Aid for Trade Workshop and formal session 30 – 31 May 2017

2017 Aid for Trade Global Review, 11-13 July 2017 in Geneva, Switzerland.

11th Ministerial Conference, 11 to 14 December 2017 in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Aid for trade, where next?

Thank you !For more information visit :

www.aid4trade.org or www.wto.org

Email: aidfortradeunit@wto.org or Sainabou.Taal@wto.org