“precast concrete architecture in spain and latin america”“precast concrete architecture in...
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“Precast Concrete Architecture in Spain and Latin America”
Alejandro López - Technical Manager ANDECE
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Spanish Precast Concrete Manufacturers Association
Founded in 1964
Represented by 92 precasters (≈ 75% of national precast market) and
5 ad-members (raw materials suppliers, service providers)
Members of BIBM (European Precast Confederation) as well as other
technical and institutional organizations both national and international
ANDECE
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Spain and LATAM
More than 500 million of persons in 20
countries
Big differences (among countries and
urban/rural areas)
Precast concrete development is linked
with economic growth
Paraguay USA
1) Steel
2) Concrete
3) Formworks
4) Workforce
1) Workforce
2) Steel
3) Concrete
4) Formworks
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Spain and LATAM
Level of development in precast concrete
construction:
↑↑↑Spain
↑ Chile, Mexico, Panama, Colombia,
Argentina and Uruguay
The rest
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Spain: Nearly any field or construction element is prefabricable in concrete
(buildings, infraestructures, pavements,...)
Wide net of companies
Level of development
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Chile, Mexico, Panama, Colombia, Argentina and Uruguay: although
prefabrication is not new at all, not many elements are prefabricated
(buildings, infraestructures, pavements,...)
Precast concrete is perceived as high quality and performance solution but
expensive
Level of development
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Rest of countries: small development of industry
Only single units are in precast concrete: masonry blocks, kerbs, tiles,…
Level of development
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Prefabrication in Spain (origin)
1942: Francisco Fernández Conde, gets from Eugène Freyssinet the patent of
prestressed concrete for Spain and Latin America and produces first precast
beams for beam-and-block floor systems
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Prefabrication in Spain (evolution)
INDUSTRIALIZATION
STAGES
• CLOSED SYSTEMS
• MASS PRODUCTION
• EUPHORY
• BUSSINESS
• CRISIS
• END CLOSED SYTEMS
• NEW COMPONENTS
• LIGHT PREFABRICATION
• CONSOLIDATION OF
INDUSTRIALIZATION
• CE Marking (↑ QUALITY)
• DEMOLITIONS
• NEW USES OF
PREFABRICATION
• CONSTRUCTION BY
COMPONENTS
• HEAVY PREFABRICATION
1950 – 1970
1970 - 1980
1980 - 2000
From 2000
Economic crisis → drastic drop o
construction demand
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Companies: most have family business origin but turned quite professional (investments
in machinery, new facilities, know-how,…)
General context: social barriers. Spain is a “concrete” country but “in situ” use is
predominant (90% vs 10%)
Building construction solutions have evolved on the back of constant improvements in
technique and the fruitful collaboration of precasters with architects, engineers,
laboratories, suppliers and builders.
The most advanced construction materials available were first used in prefabrication
(steels, additives, supplementary cementitious materials, etc.)
Internationalization has been the way out for the las few years (focused in Latam)
Prefabrication in Spain (now)
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Most important Precast Companies have developed methods or prefabrication building
systems that allows the realization of the whole skeleton (façade and structure) in
precast.
Field Share to be
covered (up to)
Systems
Schools and kindergarten 90% Structure, facades
Industrial buildings 100% Structure, facades
Commercial buildings 100% Structure, facades
Residential buildings Slabs 100%
Beams 30%
Columns 25%
Facades 30%
Market share in buildings
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Façades
Architectural panels systems (heavy prefabrication)
Non structural
Structural
Ventilated façade systems (light prefabrication)
GRC (Glassfibre reinforced concrete)
Polymer concrete panels
Urbanisation
Pavements
Urban furniture
Other solutions
Structures
Modular construction
Architectural precast concrete tipologies
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Increasing of cooperation among architects and precasters
The perception has fully changed: from an industrial element to an aesthetic solution
with many design possibilities → Architectural design based on precast concrete systems
Precasters propose an optimized façade solution: geometry (repetitiveness as an ideal)
and modulation, surface finishes,…for residential, commercial, industrial, etc. buildings
From a single envelope to the full façade section:
To meet regulatory requirements (energy efficiency, acoustics, waterproof, fire
resistance). Ex. sandwich panels including thermal insulation
Structural resistance and stability (loadbearing walls)
Including windows or doors from factory
Architectural panels façade systems
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Rubber mold Rubber mold Sandblast Grey and White cement
Surface retarding
Painting
Architectural panels façade systems
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Residential building Sabadell (Barcelona) 2010
Arch: Ricard Perich, Rafael Gálvez & Eduard Freixas PREINCO
Awarded with Social Housing
Prize of Catalonia in 2013
Architectural panels façade systems
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Residential building Coslada (Madrid) 2007
Arch: Roberto Tapia & Jorge Calvo INDAGSA
The highest building made of precast
load panels in Spain (65 m high)
Architectural panels façade systems
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Residential building Madrid 2004
Arch: Enrique Herrada & Marta Maiz PREINCO
National housing prize, 2006
Architectural panels façade systems
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Renaissance Barcelona Fira Hotel L'Hospitalet (Barcelona), 2011
Arch: Jean Nouvel / Ribas & Ribas ESCOFET 1886
Architectural panels façade systems
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Casa del Cubo – Pilgrim hostel Burgos, 2011
Arch: Luis García, Antonio García & Fco. Javier Santamaría PREHORQUISA
Architectural panels façade systems
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Acuario fluvial Expo Zaragoza 2008
Arch: Álvaro Planchuelo PRAINSA
Architectural panels façade systems
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Mall Huesca 2015
Arch: Unknown PRECON
RC70 columns, curve facades, HC slabs, double T beams, curve panels
Architectural panels façade systems
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One of the few precast concrete segments that has grown for the last years
GRC façade systems as the precast concrete solution facing other material competitors
(ceramics, aluminium, masonry), including refurbishment works
Two main configuration: sandwich panels (1+x thermal insulation) and incorporated
frame
Incoming performance: decontamination (Nox,…) by use of photocatalityc technology
GRC ventilated façade systems
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Residential building Madrid, 2005
Arch: MVRDV & Blanca Lleó DRACE EDIFICACIÓN
GRC ventilated façade systems
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Ciudad de la Justicia Córdoba, 2016
Arch: AYESA & MECANOO PREHORQUISA
GRC ventilated façade systems
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Very few manufacturers
Material also addressed for other purposes in façades (copings, lintels, jambs,
gargoyles,...)
Expensive solution in general (customized) but appropriate to refurbish/renovate
facades
Polymer concrete ventilated façade systems
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Residential building Barcelona, 2014
Arch: J.A Marín Sánchez ULMA ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTIONS
Both designer and precaster convince the housers to invest on the renovation
(IRR = 6,7 years)
Polymer concrete ventilated façade systems
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Structures within industrialized architecture
High compatibility between architecture and prefabricated structure:
Making an assumption of the existence of sags in floors
Presence of brackets and support mechanisms
Relevance of the cross section of pillars and supports
Minimization of overhangs and structural continuities
Minimization of particular solutions
Minimization of holes for specific facilities
Concentration of vertical communication cores and installations holes
Preference for orthogonal geometries and regular plant
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Structures: industrialized architecture
Maritime Station Denia, 2012
PREVALESA
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Structures: industrialized architecture
Residential house Las Rozas (Madrid), 2005
Arch: ENSAMBLE ESTUDIO PRAINSA
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Structures: industrialized architecture
Pedestrian bridge (48 m) Pamplona, 2004
Designer: Structural Research PRAINSA
Awarded with best Spanish precast
practice. BIBM Congress. 2005
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Modular construction
The whole system is able to fulfill all the requirement as well as guarantee of closed
costs, tight deadline
Total industrialization → increasing demand
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Precast concrete architecture in Latin America
Precast concrete solutions are much more used in civil engineering works
And the architectural version of precast concrete elements?
Increasing use of GRC ventilated facade systems in commercial or office buildings
Pavements are usually exempt of aesthetic requirements
New undergroung line.
Panama PACADAR
Ciudad del Este bridge.
Paraguay PREANSAAguadulce port. Colombia
TITANDOL
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Precast concrete architecture in Latin America
Industrial buildings: frame + facade
with small aesthetic component
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Precast concrete architecture in Mexico
Liverpool Altabrisa. Villahermosa. 2012
BAF
Awarded with Premio Obras
CEMEX. Zaragoza. 2012 Unique definition of “concreto arquitectónico” in
Latin America as “aquél que queda expuesto como
superficie interior o exterior dentro de la estructura
terminada que contribuye definitivamente a su
carácter visual y está diseñado especialmente como
tal en los planos y especificaciones del contrato”
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Precast concrete architecture in Latin America
Research Centre ARGOS. Combined use of
GRC and solid reinforced concrete panels.
Medellín (Colombia). 2015 ARGOS
Convention Centre. GRC. Lima (Peru). 2014
MANUFACTURAS DEL CEMENTO
German School. GRC. Chicureo (Chile). 2015
ULMA ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTIONS
Cinemark Megaplaza. Panels + frame. Lima
(Peru). 2016 PREANSA
Alvear Tower. Panels. Buenos Aires
(Argentina). 2015 ICPA
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Urbanisation: pavements
New trend: from a simple manufacturer which produces a range of precast concrete
elements, to a “designer”
Company can advice and accompany the architect or urban planner in the whole
process of design and development of the product, since the initial study to the work
management, or if prefer, any of the phases:
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Urbanisation: pavements
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Urbanisation: furniture
Products: under catalogue (furniture) or customized
(streetscapes)
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Urbanisation: furniture + pavements
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Urbanisation: precaster as designer
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Increasing demand of precast concrete solutions
(marketing)
Continuous development in materials, software (BIM),
designs, facilities and machinery, etc.
Sustainability as factor to increase the competitiveness
industry (less waste, thermal mass, faster, more quality
and durability,…)
Challenges to be faced
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.
Work = design (new approach) against work ≠ design (wrong approach)
Need to define the project as precast from the initial stages and not changing an
evolved project based on in situ systems
Industrialized architecture must promote such an multidisciplinary approach in which all
the construction agents are closely linked the success of the work
Precaster role
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Precaster role
Design on precast forces to a greater rationalization, greater standardization of
typologies and better integration of different uses within the same structural typology
Design is essential (BIM and industrialization): it´s (the only) way to ensure the success
of the project, controlling construction units, schedule, costs, etc.
Every precast company has its own solutions → more cooperation / communication
Precast concrete construction is a way of engineering outsource