Segunda Sesión Informativa del proyecto

“Colaboración UE-Latinoamérica sobre Cooperación

Transfronteriza en el marco de la Política Regional”

Comisión Europea (Dirección General de Política Regional y Urbana)

y Asociación de Regiones Fronterizas Europeas (ARFE)

Council of Europe activities:

Spatial/Regional Planning (CEMAT) and

European Landscape Convention (ELC)

Strasbourg, 25 May 2013

Maguelonne DÉJEANT-PONS

Head Division, Policy development

Directorate of Democratic Governance

European Landscape Convention / CEMAT

Council of Europe

maguelonne.dejeant-pons@coe.int

Council of Europe

Intergovernmental organisation founded in 1949

47 Member States- Headquarters in the Palais de l’Europe, Strasbourg

Statutes

- Promotes Democracy Human rights Rule of law

- Seek Common solutions to the main problems facing European society:

spatial/regional planning (CEMAT) and landscape policies (ELC)

HUMAN RIGHTS

How should the concept of human rights be interpreted? In this 21st century,

we must recognise that human rights as defined in the 1950s in the aftermath

of the Second World War and as enshrined and set out in the European

Convention on Human Rights and the European Social Charter must gradually

open up to new concerns and take account of what may be called the

“territorial and heritage dimension of human rights”.

While this concept clearly still needs to be explored and expanded, how could

we fail to take account of the future of land and territory, an asset which we

must pass on to future generations? How could we ignore the future of our

natural and cultural heritage, which is absolutely invaluable but all too often is

irreversibly threatened? We have a duty to consider these new rights, as well

as new obligations and the responsibility we bear.

The European Landscape Convention refers to “rights and responsibilities for

everyone”. It is a matter of jointly looking after the future of our landscapes

for coming generations and considering how to protect, manage, develop and

shape them, so to speak, in the best way possible.

DEMOCRACY

Public participation and involvement are keystones of spatial development. The

support, involvement and will of the public are vital to conserving, managing or

developing territories on a sustainable basis.

- European Regional/Spatial Planning Charter (1983): drew attention to the need

for active public participation in the spatial planning process.

- Recommendation Rec.(2002) 1 of the Committee of Ministers to the Member

States on the “Guiding Principles for Sustainable Spatial Development of the

European Continent”: reiterated the importance of the effective participation of

society in the spatial development process. Societal consensus is very important

for the success of local and regional initiatives and also creates a dynamic

environment for outside investors and economic players. The involvement of the

younger generation in the planning process increase the chances of interesting

the public in the long-term planning of their home region and in efficient and

innovative participation.

- European Landscape Convention (2000): each Party undertakes to establish

procedures for the participation of the general public, local and regional

authorities, and other parties with an interest in the definition

and implementation of the landscape policies.

THE RULE OF LAW

Council of Europe “Heritage and Landscape Conventions”

- Convention on the conservation of European Wildlife and Natural

Habitats (Bern, 1979)

- Convention for the protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe

(Granada, 1985)

- European Convention on the protection of Archaeological Heritage

(revised) (La Valetta, 1992)

- Council of Europe Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural

Heritage for Society (Faro, 2005)

- European Landscape Convention (Florence, 2000): may be described as

a “new-generation” treaty. It sets out areas of activity and the main

thrusts of a programme of action providing the very basis for good

governance and wise management of landscape

Spatial Planning Recommendations of the Committee of Ministers to

Council of Europe member states

Joint positions of Council of Europe Member states guiding spatial planning

policies

- Recommendation (84) 2 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on

the European Regional/Spatial Planning Charter

(based on the Charter adopted at the 6th CEMAT, Torremolinos, 2003)

- Recommendation (2002) 1 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States

on the “Guiding Principles for Sustainable Spatial Development of the

European Continent”

(based on the “Guiding Principles” adopted at the 12th CEMAT, Hanover,

2000)

- Recommendation CM/Rec(2008)3 on the Guidelines for the implementation

of the European Landscape Convention

COMMON SOLUTIONS

At their last Summit, Heads of State and Government of the Council of Europe

expressed their commitment to “improving the quality of life for citizens”. In the

section of the Action Plan on “Promoting sustainable development”, they agreed

that, on the basis of the existing instruments, the Council of Europe would further

develop and support integrated policies in the fields of environment, landscape

and spatial planning, in a sustainable development perspective.

The European Regional/Spatial Planning Charter indicated that regional/spatial

development “encourages improvement in the quality of everyday life, in respect

of housing, work, culture, leisure or relationships within human communities, and

the enhancement of the well-being of each individual through the creation of jobs

and the provision of economic, social and cultural amenities which meet the

aspirations of different sections of the population and which are sited in places

where they will be used to the optimum.”

The European Landscape Convention also deals with individual and social well-

being and people’s quality of life. Its preamble provides that “the landscape is an

important part of the quality of life for people everywhere: in urban areas and in

the countryside, in degraded areas as well as in areas of high

quality, in areas recognised as being of outstanding beauty as

well as everyday areas”.

THE EUROPEAN LANDSCAPE CONVENTION

Why a Landscape Convention?

The developments in agriculture, forestry, industrial

and mineral production techniques, together with the practices

followed in town and country planning, transport, networks,

tourism and recreation, and at a more general level, changes

in the world economy, have in many cases accelerated

the transformation of landscapes.

The Convention expresses a concern to achieve sustainable development

based on a balanced and harmonious relationship between social needs,

economic activity and the environment.

It aims to respond to the public’s wish

to enjoy high quality landscapes.

Philosophy

“ The landscape ...

... has an important public interest role in the cultural, ecological, environmental

and social fields, and constitutes a resource favourable to economic activity and

whose protection, management and planning can contribute to job creation;

... contributes to the formation of local cultures and ... is a basic component of the

European natural and cultural heritage, contributing to human well-being and

consolidation of the European identity;

... is an important part of the quality of life for people everywhere: in urban areas

and in the countryside, in degraded areas as well as in areas of high quality, in

areas recognised as being of outstanding beauty as well as everyday areas;

... is a key element of individual and social well-being and ... its protection,

management and planning entail rights and responsibilities for

everyone.

Preamble to the European Landscape Convention, 20 October 2000

Scope of the Convention

The Preamble says that States wish to provide “a new instrument devoted

exclusively to the protection, management and planning of all landscapes in

Europe”.

It applies to the entire territory of the Parties and covers natural, urban and peri-

urban areas, whether on land, water or sea.

It concerns not just remarkable landscapes but also ordinary or everyday

landscapes and degraded areas.

Landscape is recognised irrespective of its perceived value, since all forms of

landscape are crucial to the quality of the citizens’ environment and deserve to

be considered in landscape policies.

Definitions

“Landscape” means an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the

action and interaction of natural and/or human factors.

“Landscape policy” means an expression by the competent public authorities of general

principles, strategies and guidelines that permit the taking of specific measures aimed at

the protection, management and planning of landscapes.

“Landscape quality objective” means, for a specific landscape, the formulation by the

competent public authorities of the aspirations of the public with regard to the landscape

features of their surroundings.

“Landscape protection” means action to conserve and maintain the significant or

characteristic features of a landscape, justified by its heritage value derived from its

natural configuration and/or from human activity.

“Landscape management” means action, from a perspective of sustainable development,

to ensure the regular upkeep of a landscape, so as to guide and harmonise changes which

are brought about by social, economic and environmental processes.

“Landscape planning” means strong forward-looking action to enhance, restore or

create landscapes.

Aims of the Convention

To promote protection, management

and planning of landscapes;

To organise European co-operation

on landscape issues.

Adoption of the Convention

- 19 July 2000, Strasbourg: Adoption of the Convention by the Committee of

Ministers of the Council of Europe.

- 20 October 2000, Florence: the Convention was opened for signature in the

context of the Council of Europe Campaign “Europe, a common heritage”.

Parties to the Convention: Andorra, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and

Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,

France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,

Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San

Marino, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, “the

former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia”, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom (37

ratifications).

Signatories states: Iceland, Malta (2 signatures).

Other Council of Europe Member States: Albania, Austria, Estonia, Germany,

Liechteinstein, Monaco, Russian Federation.

Council of Europe Working Programme

The work done to implement the European Landscape Convention is aimed at:

- Monitoring implementation of the Convention

- Promoting European and international co-operation

- Collecting examples of good practices

- Fostering knowledge and research

- Raising awareness

- Fostering access to information

1. Monitoring the implementation of the Convention

Council of Europe Conference of the on the European Landscape Convention

Council of Europe Steering Committee for Culture, Heritage and Landscape

(CDCPP) – Next: 26-27 March 2013

Contracting Parties and Signatories States of the European Landscape

Convention Member States of the Council of Europe

- Parliamentary Assembly

- Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe

- Conference of international non governmental organisations with participative

statute to the Council of Europe

- International governmental organisations

- International and national NGOs

National level: Contracting Parties undertake to implement four general

measures

- Legal recognition of landscape as constituting an essential component of

people’s surroundings, an expression of the diversity of their shared cultural

and natural heritage, and a foundation of their identity;

- Establishment and implementation of landscape policies aimed at landscape

protection, management and planning;

- Establishment of procedures for the participation of the general public, local

and regional authorities and other parties with an interest in the definition and

implementation of the landscape policies;

- Integration of landscape into regional and town planning policies and in

cultural, environmental, agricultural, social and economic policies, as well as in

any other policies, with possible direct or indirect impact on landscape.

National level: Contracting Parties undertake to implement five specific measures

- Awareness-raising: increasing awareness among the civil society, private

organisations and public authorities of the value of landscapes, their role and

changes to them

- Promotion in training and education: - training for specialists in landscape appraisal and landscape operations

- multidisciplinary training programmes in landscape policy, protection, management and

planning, for professionals in the private and public sector and for associations concerned

- school and university courses which, in the relevant subject areas, address the values

that the landscape has and the issues raised by its protection, management and planning

- Identification and evaluation: mobilising those concerned in order to reach a

better knowledge of landscape, guiding the work of landscape identification and

evaluation through exchanges of experience and methodology between the

Parties at a European level

- Setting landscape quality objectives: defining landscape quality objectives for

the landscapes identified and assessed, after public consultation

- Implementation of landscape policies: introducing policy instruments aimed at

protecting, managing and/or planning the landscape

Insert graphic of front cover

Summary descriptive notes on the landscape policies pursued in Council of Europe member states

A document on the landscape policies pursued in Council of Europe member states, giving the key facts concerning the landscape of the various Council of Europe member states, is regularly updated and a synthesis of the data is prepared.

Presentation of landscape policies of the Council of Europe member states:

- signature/ratification/approval of the Convention

- name and contact details of the correspondent

- definition of the term “landscape” in each national language

- legal organisation (legal definition of the term “landscape”,

constitutional or legislative status, regional laws)

- administrative organisation (ministry responsible for landscape,

responsibilities, documents, representation at the level of regional and

local authorities, specific programmes, education syllabi,

communication, awareness-raising or information programmes aimed

at the public)

Synthesis of the received information concerning summary descriptive note

on the landscape policies pursued in the Council of Europe Member States

- Definition of the term “landscape” in each language

- Law regarding landscape in each country

- Legal definition of the term landscape

- Specific law

- Laws of a more general nature / Code that consolidates the

applicable texts relating to landscape

- Integration of landscape in sectorial policies

- Regional and local authorities empowered in respect of landscape

- Instruments allowing the integration of landscape into: Regional

planning policies; Town planning policies; Cultural policies;

Environmental policies; Agricultural policies; Social and economical

policies; other policies as may have a direct or indirect effect on

landscape.

The data will be incorporated in a Council of Europe Information System on the European Landscape Convention

Recommendation CM/Rec(2008)3

Propose that each party contribute to the setting up of a database to appear on the website of the Council of Europe’s European Landscape Convention. The database would be a “toolbox” which would help provide mutual technical and scientific assistance through the collection and exchange of landscape experience and research, as provided for in Article 8 of the European Landscape Convention on mutual assistance and exchange of information.

Decision of the Council of Europe Steering Committee for Cultural Heritage and

Landscape (CDPATEP) on the establishment of the Council of Europe Information

System on the European Landscape Convention (5 May 2010)

Proposed to Parties to the Convention to test on an experimental basis the final

version of the “Template for the presentation of the landscape policies of the

Member States of the Council of Europe”; asked its Bureau to select for this aim

some Parties to the Convention on the basis of the proposals received, taking into

consideration geographical and administrative organisation representativity

criteria.

Recommendation CM/Rec(2008)3 of the Committee of Ministers to member

states on the guidelines for the implementation of the European Landscape

Convention

General principles are designed to provide guidance on some of the fundamental articles

of the European Landscape Convention:

A. Consider the territory as a whole

B. Recognise the fundamental role of knowledge

C. Promote awareness

D. Define landscape strategies

E. Integrate the landscape dimension in territorial policies

F. Integrate landscape into sectoral policies

G. Make use of public participation

H. Achieve landscape quality objectives

“Every planning action or project should comply with landscape quality objectives. It should

in particular improve landscape quality, or at least not bring about a decline. The effects of

projects, whatever their scale, on landscape should therefore be evaluated and rules and

instruments corresponding to those effects defined. Each planning action or project should not

only match, but also be appropriate to the features of the places.”

I. Develop mutual assistance and exchange of information

Examples of instruments for landscape policies used to implement

the European Landscape Convention (Appendix 1)

The purpose of this appendix is to provide some examples of instruments used to

implement the European Landscape Convention. It can be supplemented by the experiences

of parties to the convention on their own territories, which will provide useful lessons for

improving the approach to landscape action.

Instruments are already being put to use in several countries and each of them can be a

model for either the creation of new instruments or the improvement of existing ones.

Main categories of instruments:

– landscape planning: landscape study plans included in spatial planning

– inclusion of the landscape in sectoral policies and instruments

– shared charters, contracts, strategic plans

– impact and landscape studies

– evaluations of the effects of operations on landscape not subject to an impact study

– protected sites and landscapes

– relationship between landscape and regulations concerning the cultural and historic

heritage

– resources and financing

– landscape awards

– landscape observatories, centres and institutes

– reports on the state of the landscape and landscape policies

– transfrontier landscapes

Suggested text for the practical implementation of the European Landscape Convention at

national level for use as guidance for public authorities when implementing

the European Landscape Convention (Appendix 2)

This guidance document suggests certain regulatory and institutional measures that could be taken at national

level to assist in formulating, monitoring and evaluating landscape policies. Each paragraph is directly related to

the corresponding provisions of the convention.

Paragraph 1 – Definitions / Paragraph 2 – Scope /Paragraph 3 – General principles 1. Legal recognition of

landscapes - 2. Rights and responsibilities - 3. Integrating the landscape dimension - 4. Public participation - 5.

Knowledge, awareness raising, education and training - 6. Landscape policy

Paragraph 4 – Division of responsibilities and competences

... b. The Ministry of …:

i. is responsible for implementing landscape policy and for interministerial co-ordination in that field;

ii. organises consultation with civil society and the assessment of landscape policies by an ad hoc body;

iii. in collaboration with the other ministries and with public participation, regularly develops and reviews a national

landscape strategy laying down the guiding principles of landscape policy and describing the paths taken and the

goals pursued in order to protect, manage or plan landscapes. This landscape strategy should be made public.

c. The ministries whose activities influence landscapes should liaise with departments responsible for

implementing landscape policy in the course of their activities, in keeping with the principles embodied in

Paragraph 3, and regularly report on their landscape policy.

d. Regional and local authorities should have staff familiar with landscape issues

who are capable of implementing landscape policy in their spheres of competence,

taking landscapes into account at their respective territorial levels.

2. Promoting European and international co-operation International

measures

International policies and programmes

The Parties undertake to co-operate in the consideration of the landscape dimension in

international policies and programmes, and to recommend, where relevant, the inclusion

of landscape considerations in them.

The Parties undertake to co-operate in order to enhance the effectiveness of measures

taken under other articles of the Convention, and in particular : - to render each other technical and scientific assistance in landscape matters through the pooling

and exchange of experience, and the results of research projects;

- to promote the exchange of landscape specialists for training and information purposes;

- to exchange information on all matters covered by the provisions of the Convention.

Transfrontier landscapes

Transfrontier landscapes are covered by a specific provision : the Parties shall

encourage transfrontier co-operation on local and regional level and, wherever

necessary, prepare and implement joint landscape programmes.

Council of Europe Landscape Award

Exchange experiences: the Council of Europe meetings of the workshops for

the implementation of the European Landscape Convention

- Organised by the Council of Europe with a Member State of the Council of Europe and

other partners on a regular basis since 2002

- Echange experiences, examining both good and bad practices in the protection,

management and planning of the European landscape

- Special emphasis is given to the experiences of the state hosting the meeting.

- Next: Montenegro, 2013

Workshops 2002

23-24 May, Strasbourg, France

– Landscape policies: the contribution to the well-being of European citizens and to

sustainable development – social, economic, cultural and ecological approaches

– Landscape identification, evaluation and quality objectives, using cultural and natural

resources– Awareness-raising, training and education

– Innovative tools for the protection, management and planning of landscape

– Landscape Award

Workshops 2003

27-28 November, Strasbourg, France

– Integration of landscapes in international

policies and programmes

– Transfrontier landscapes

– Individual and social well-being

– Spatial planning and landscape

Exhibition on “Landscape through

the eyes of the children of Armenia”

Workshops 2005

16-17 June, Cork, Ireland

“Landscape for urban, suburban and

peri-urban areas”

Workshops 2006

11-12 May, Ljubljana, Slovenia, “Landscape and society”

28-29 September, Girona, Spain, “Landscape quality objectives: from theory

to practice”

Workshops 2007

20-21 September, Sibiu, Romania, “Landscape and rural heritage”

Workshops 2008

25-26 April, Piestany, Slovak Republic, “Landscape in planning policies

and governance: towards integrated spatial management”

Workshops 2009

8-9 October, Malmo, Sweden, “Landscape and driving forces”

Workshops 2010

15-16 April, Cordoba, Spain, Landscape and infrastructure for society

Swedish National

Heritage Board

Workshops 20-21 October 2011, Evora, Portugal,

“Multifunctional landscapes”

nnnn

nnnn

Workshops 4-5 June 2012, Carbonia (Sardinia), Italy, “Forum of national

landscape selections for the Council of Europe Landscape Award”

nnnn

nnnn

Workshops and International CEMAT Symposium 2-3 October 2012, Thessalonica

(Greece) “Vision for the future of Europe on territorial democracy: Landscape as a

new strategy for spatial planning … Another way to see the territory involving civil

society…”

‘Using landscape as an approach to spatial planning’; ‘Innovative tools, incentives and

projects: the national spatial planning policies’; ‘Landscape, spatial planning and public

participation’.

National information Seminars and Events on the European Landscape

Convention

– Information Seminar co-organised by the Council of Europe and the Republic of Armenia,

Yerevan (Armenia), 23-24 October 2003

– Information Seminar organised by the Council of Europe, Moscow (Russia), 26-27 April

2004

– Information Seminar concerning sustainable spatial development and the European

Landscape Convention co-organised by the Council of Europe and Romania, Tulcea

(Romania), 6-7 May 2004

– Information Seminar co-organised by the Council of Europe and the Republic of Albania,

Tirana (Albania), 15-16 December 2005

– Information Seminar on lands cape in Andorra co-organised by the Council of Europe and

the Principality of Andorra, Andorra la Vella (Andorra), 4-5 June 2007

…and other National Events organised by Ministries of the States concerned 2007-2012:

Rome (Italy); Prague (Czech Republic), October 2010; Liverpool (United Kingdom),

November 2010, other 2012…

3. Collecting examples of good practice: the Council of Europe

Landscape Award

The Landscape Award recognise a policy implemented or measures taken by local

and regional authorities or non-governmental organisations to protect, manage

and/or plan their landscape which have proved effective in the long-term and can

thus serve as an example to other territorial authorities in Europe.

The Award thus contributes to the stimulation of those working on a local level

and to the encouragement and recognition of exemplary landscape management.

It will be conferred by the Committee of Ministers, on proposals from the

Committee of Experts responsible for monitoring the implementation of the

Convention.

Resolution CM/Res(2008)3 on the rules governing the Landscape Award of the

Council of Europe on 20 February 2008

Criterion 1 – Sustainable territorial development

Criterion 2 – Exemplary value

Criterion 3 – Public participation

Criterion 4 – Awareness-raising

SUBMITTED FILES

1st Session 2008-2009

1. Czech Republic

2. Finland

3. France

4. Hungary

5. Italy

6. Slovenia

7. Spain

8. Turkey

SUBMITTED FILES

2nd Session 2010-2011

1. Belgium

2. Cyprus

3. Czech Republic

4. Finland

5. France

6. Hungary

7. Italy

8. Netherlands

9. Norway

10. Serbia

11. Slovakia

12. Slovenia

13. Spain

14. United Kingdom

12. Portugal

13. Romania

14. Serbia

15. Slovakia

16. Slovenia

17. Spain

18. United Kingdom

SUBMITTED FILES

3rd Session 2012-2013

1. Belgium

2. Czech Republic

3. Finland

4. France

5. Hungary

6. Ireland

7. Italy

8. Latvia

9. Lithuania

10. the Netherlands

11. Poland

1st Session 2008-2009

Council of Europe 2009 Landscape Award: “The “Parc de la Deûle”,

Lille Métropole (France)

“The “Parc de la Deûle”, Lille Métropole (France) has

received the Council of Europe 2009 Landscape Award. In

the framework of the Landscape Convention, a special

mention goes to the “Parque de Christina Enea”, San

Sebastián (Spain).

The Award and the special mention were officially

presented by the representative of the Council of Europe

Secretary General on the occasion of the 8th Meeting of the

Council of Europe on the implementation of the European

Landscape Convention (Malmö, Sweden, 8-9 October

2009).

The granting of the Landscape Award of the Council of

Europe is to encourage those receiving the prize to ensure

sustainable protection, management and planning of the

landscape areas concerned.”

2nd Session 2010-2011

Council of Europe 2011 Landscape Award: “The City of Carbonia:

the Landscape Machine” (Italy)

Decisions of the Committee of Ministres of 12 October 2011 and

Ceremony of the Landscape Award of the Council of Europe

on 20 October 2011

4. Fostering knowledge and research for

landscape policies

“Landscape and sustainable development:

challenges of the ELC”

- Integration of landscapes in international

policies and programmes;

- Transfrontier landscapes;

- Education; Individual and social well-being;

Spatial planning and landscape

CoE Publishing, 2006

Selected EU funding opportunities to support the implementation of the

European Landscape Convention

“Landscape facets: reflections and proposals

for the implementation of the ELC”

- Landscape, town, peri-urban and sub-urban

areas;

- Infrastructure and landscape: roads;

- Road infrastructure: tree avenues in the

landscape;

- European Local Landscape circle studies:

implementation guide;

- Education on landscape for children;

- Training of landscape architects; Landscape

and ethics)

CoE Publishing, 2012

Landscape and wind turbines, Landscape and leasure, Landscape and

education..

.

5. Raising awareness

CoE “Futuropa for a new vision of landscape and

territory” Magazine

– “Landscapes: the setting for our future lives”

(Naturopa, 1998, n° 6)

– “The European Landscape Convention”, (Naturopa, 2002, n° 98)

– “Landscape through literature” (Naturopa, 2005, n° 103)

– “Vernacular habitat, an heritage in the

landscape” (Futuropa, 2008, n° 1)

– “Landscape and transfrontier cooperation” (Futuropa, 2010, n° 2)

– “Landscape and public space”

(Futuropa, 2013, n° 3)

Insert graphic of front cover

Insert graphic of front cover

6. Fostering access to

information: ELC Website http://www.coe.int/ EuropeanLandscapeConvention

http://www.coe.int/ Conventioneuropeennedupaysage

About the Convention

Text of the Convention | Linguistic versions

Explanatory report

Parties to the Convention

Guidelines for the implementation of the Convention | Linguistic versions

Documentation

Reference texts of the Council of Europe about landscape

Publications of the Council of Europe

Convention leaflet

Naturopa/Futuropa magazines

Meetings of the Convention

Conferences

Workshops

National seminars

Working groups

Landscape Award

Rules of the Landscape Award of the Council of Europe | Linguistic versions

Award sessions: 2008-2009 | 2010-2011

National actions

National implementation

Compendium of national data

Progresses achieved

– the landscape is progressively included in the political agenda of governments,

– an important network of cooperation at intenational level for the implementation

of the European Landscape Convention has been developed,

– the concept of landscape, as defined by the Convention, is becoming more and

more recognised in public policies at national, regional and local levels as well as

by populations,

– new forms of cooperation are developed between different levels of authorities

(national, regional and local) and between ministries or departments of one State

or region,

– specific working structures for landscape (observatories, centers or landscape

institutes) have been created,

– specific laws and regulations referring to landscape have been developped

according to the provisions of the Convention,

– States or regions cooperate beyond their borders for transfontier landscapes,

– national landscape awards referring to the European Landscape Convention

have been launched,

– university programmes have been developped with a reference to the

Convention and summer universities on landscape are organised,

– biennale landscape festivals and exhibitions are organised and films referring to

the European Landscape Convention prepared.

Conclusions

The Council of Europe contributes to find solutions that will enable the society of

tomorrow to live in an environment that gives scope for its full development.

Contemporary society throughout the world are confronted and will be brought

increasingly to grips with phenomena and events that bring in question the values

of civilisation, the ideals of their philosophies.

Exaggerated population growth, urbanisation, concentration, competition,

regional imbalance, unequal development are the challenges that human being

must recognise and overcome.

Spatial/regional planning policy is an instrument in the hands of public authorities

which use is a political responsibility.

Spatial/regional planning policy should result in an organisation of space that

expresses, in its distribution of human being and their activities, and in the quality

of human environment created or adapted to our own time, the values of

European civilisations.

THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONFERENCE OF MINISTERS

RESPONSIBLE FOR SPATIAL/REGIONAL PLANNING

CEMAT/CoE

Council of Europe Conferences of Ministers responsible for

regional/spatial planning - CEMAT- 1970-2010

- 1st CEMAT – Foundations of a European regional planning policy - Bonn,

Federal Republic of Germany, September 1970

- 2nd CEMAT – Objectives of a European regional planning policy - La Grande

Motte, France, September 1973

- 3rd CEMAT– Urbanisation and regional planning - Bari, Italy, October 1976

- 4th CEMAT – Planning of rural areas in Europe - Vienna, Austria, October 1978

- 5th CEMAT – Achievements and prospects for regional planning in Europe -

London, United Kingdom, October 1980

- 6th CEMAT – Prospects of development and of spatial planning in maritime

regions - Torremolinos, Spain, May 1983

- 7th CEMAT – The evolution of the decision-making process in regional/spatial

planning - The Hague, The Netherlands, October 1985

- 8th CEMAT – Rational use of land: basis and factors limiting our development -

Lausanne, Switzerland, October 1988

- 9th CEMAT – Instruments for achieving rational use of land - Ankara, Turkey,

November 1991

- 10th CEMAT – Strategies for sustainable regional and spatial development in

Europe beyond the year 2000 - Oslo, Norway, September 1994

- 11th CEMAT – Sustainable regional and spatial planning in Europe and the

protection of water resources - Limassol, Cyprus, October 1997

- 12th CEMAT – Joint spatial planning and sustainable development strategy for

Europe - Hanover, Germany, September 2000

- 13rd CEMAT – Implementation of strategies and visions for sustainable spatial

development of the European continent - Ljubljana, Slovenia, September 2003

-14th CEMAT – Networks for Sustainable Spatial Development of the European

Continent – Building bridges across Europe - Lisbon, Portugal, 2006

- 15th CEMAT – Future challenges: sustainable spatial development of the

European Continent in a changing world - Moscow, Russian Federation, 2010

-16th CEMAT – Territorial democracy : the role of public participation in the

process of sustainable territorial development of the European Continent -

Greece, 2014

-17th CEMAT – Romania, 2017

The concept of Regional/Spatial planning

Recommendation (84)2 of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe to

Member States on the European Regional/Spatial Planning Charter

Regional/spatial planning gives geographical expression to the economic, social,

cultural and ecological policies of society. It is at the same time a scientific

discipline, an administrative technique and a policy developed as an

interdisciplinary and comprehensive approach directed towards a balanced

regional development and the physical organisation of space according to an

overall strategy.

Characteristics of spatial planning

Man and his well-being as well as his interaction with the environment are the

central concern of regional/spatial planning, its aims being to provide each

individual with an environment and quality of life conducive to the development of

his personality in surroundings planned on a human scale.

Regional/spatial planning should be democratic, comprehensive, functional and

long-term orientated :

– democratic: it should be conducted in such a way as to ensure the participation

of the people concerned and their political representatives;

– comprehensive: it should ensure the co-ordination of various sectoral policies

and integrate them in an overall approach;

– functional: it needs to take into account the existence of a regional

consciousness based on common values, culture and interests, sometimes

crossing administrative and territorial boundaries, while overlooking the

institutional arrangements of different countries;

– long-term: the trends and long-term development of economic, ecological,

social, cultural and environmental phenomena should be analysed and taken into

account.

The Guiding Principles for Sustainable Spatial Development of the European Continent Recommendation Rec (2002) 1 of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe to Member States

I. How the Guiding Principles contribute to the implementation of the Council of Europe’s social cohesion policy

II. Spatial development policies in Europe : new continent-wide challenges and prospects

1. Intercontinental relationships as strategic elements for European spatial development policy

2. The multiplicity of cultures

3. Large European regions as a basis for mutual support and co-operation

4. Integration of the old and new Member States

III. Specific role of the private sector in spatial development

IV. Principles of a planning policy for sustainable development in Europe

1. Promoting territorial cohesion through a more balanced social and economic development of regions and improved competitiveness

2. Encouraging urban development generated by functions and improving the relationship between the town and the countryside

3. Promoting more balanced accessibility

4. Developing access to information and knowledge

5. Reducing environmental damage

6. Enhancing and protecting natural resources and the natural heritage

7. Enhancing the cultural heritage as a factor for development

8. Developing energy resources while maintaining safety

9. Encouraging high quality, sustainable tourism

10. Limiting the impact caused by natural disasters

V. Spatial development measures for different types of European regions

1. Landscapes

2. Urban areas

3. Rural areas

4. Mountains

5. Coastal and island regions

6. Eurocorridors

7. Flood plains and alluvial valleys

8. Redundant industrial and military sites

9. Border regions

VI. Strengthening of co-operation between the Member States of the Council of Europe and participation of regions, municipalities and citizens

1. Possibilities of conceiving development-oriented spatial planning

2. Developing Europe-wide co-operation activities on the basis of the Guiding Principles

3. Horizontal co-operation

4. Vertical co-operation

5. Active participation of society in spatial planning

process

The Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, considering the Guiding

Principles to be:

– a major contribution towards the implementation of the strategy of social

cohesion;

– a policy framework document ;

– a coherent strategy for an integrated and regionally balanced development of

our continent,

Recommends that the Member States of the Council of Europe:

– use the Guiding Principles as a basis for planning and spatial development

measures;

– implement the Guiding Principles in spatial development projects as

appropriate;

– continue establishing regional governmental and administrative bodies in order

to facilitate better spatial integration.

The Guiding Principles contribute to the implementation of the United Nations

Programme “Agenda 21”, Rio de Janeiro (1992), Johannesburg (2002), Rio de

Janeiro (2012)

Council of Europe Conferences of Ministers responsible for

spatial/regional planning (CEMAT)

13th CEMAT, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2003

“Implementation of Strategies and visions for sustainable spatial development

of the European Continent”

– Ljubljana Declaration on– European Rural Heritage Observation Guide –

CEMAT

– Initiative on the Sustainable Spatial Development of the Tisza/Tisa River

Basin

14th CEMAT, Lisbon, Portugal, 2006

“Networks for Sustainable Spatial Development of the European

Continent – Bridges over Europe”

– Lisbon Declaration on Lisbon Declaration on “Networks for sustainable spatial

development of the European continent: Bridges over Europe”

– Resolution No. 1 on “Polycentric development: promoting ompetitiveness,

enhancing cohesion”

– Resolution No. 2 on “Territorial governance: empowerment through enhanced

co-ordination”

– CEMAT Glossary of key expressions used in spatial development policies in

Europe

15th CEMAT, Moscow, Russian Federation, 2010

“Future Challenges: Sustainable spatial development of the European continent

in a changing world”

The 15th Session of the CEMAT and Celebration of the 40th Anniversary of the

CEMAT took place in Moscow on 8-9 July 2010 with the participation of

Mr Thorbjørn Jagland, Secretary General of the Council of Europe, at the

invitation of Mr Viktor Basargin, Minister of the Regional Development of the

Russian Federation and Chairperson of the CEMAT for the period 2010-2013.

The Session was attended by over 150 participants the Member States and

observer states of the Council of Europe and by representatives of the

Committee of Ministers, the Parliamentary Assembly, and the Council of

Europe Development Bank (CEB).

The promotion and the implementation of the “Guiding Principles for

Sustainable Spatial Development of the European Continent”, of the CEMAT

Ljubljana Declaration on “The Territorial Dimension of Sustainable

Development” and of the CEMAT Lisbon Declaration on “Networks for

sustainable spatial development of the European continent: Bridges over

Europe” had been discussed at national and international levels, and in

particular at transnational, transfrontier and inter-regional levels.

1) National level

– National Reports for the preparation of the Moscow Declaration

(23 national reports: Armenia, Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, «the Former Yugoslav

Republic of Macedonia », Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, Poland,

Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Ukraine)

– Synthesis of the National Reports

2) International level

– CEMAT Report of activities, including the conclusions of the international

CEMAT Symposium 2006-2010:

- “The accessibility and attractiveness of rural and landlocked areas:

sustainable transport and services of general interest”, Principality of Andorra,

Andorra la Vella, Andorra, 25-26 October 2007

- “Challenges and strategies for metropolises and metropolitan regions, in a

context of growing globalisation with regard to economic, social, environmental

and cultural development” , St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 26-27 June 2008

- “The spatial dimension of human rights: for a new culture of territory”,

Yerevan, Armenia, 13-14 October 2008

- “A comprehensive approach to balanced sustainable spatial development of

the European Continent”, Kyiv, Ukraine

– “CEMAT Glossary of sustainable spatial development”

– CEMAT Pan-European Compendium on national spatial planning policies

[Council of Europe CEMAT Website http://www.coe.int/CEMAT

3) Transnational, transfrontier and inter-regional levels: the “pan-European

Network of CEMAT Model Regions (Regions of Innovation)”

– Minister of Regional Development and Local Government, Latvia:

“Sustainable planning for future!”;

– Minister of Urban Development, Armenia:

“Spatial Planning – the architecture of harmonious human environment”;

– Deputy Director General, Department for Regional Planning, Ministry of the

Environment, Norway:

“Spatial planning and landscape in the reform process and priorities of the Council

of Europe”

4) Texts adopted

– Moscow Declaration on “Future challenges: Sustainable spatial development of

the European Continent in a changing world”

– Resolution No. 1 on “The contribution of essential services to the sustainable

spatial development of the European Continent”

– Resolution No. 2 on “The Pan-European Charter of rural heritage: for a

sustainable territorial development”

– Resolution No. 3 on “The organisation of the 16th CEMAT” (2013)

- Moscow Declaration on “Future challenges: Sustainable spatial development of

the European Continent in a changing world”

• Milestones in the history of CEMAT

• Climate change, population ageing and social polarisation call for appropriate

and efficient territorial policy responses

• Promoting innovative, sustainable and cohesive territorial development in a

context of accelerating globalisation and as a means of responding

successfully to economic challenges in the post-crisis period

• The quality and efficiency of territorial governance are key factors in

responding successfully to new challenges

The Declaration states:

“In the light of the foregoing, we, the Ministers responsible for Spatial/Regional

Planning of the Member States of the Council of Europe, emphasise that:

The Council of Europe Conference of Ministers responsible for Spatial/Regional

Planning (CEMAT) of the Council of Europe, bringing together European Union

and non-European Union member states, is a unique forum for discussion on

the future of the European continent and for promoting cooperation and

partnerships with regard to new, emerging challenges and to all territorial

developments generated by structural changes.

Calls on the Member States, the Committee of Ministers and the Secretary

General of the Council of Europe to consider not only the importance of the

work carried out by CEMAT over the past forty years in promoting territorial

development on a pan-European level while supporting human rights and

democracy, but also its present strategic activities on crucial issues in a rapidly

changing and challenging context”.

- Resolution No. 1 on “The contribution of essential services to the sustainable

spatial development of the European Continent”

Aims to integrate the “human rights” dimension into spatial development

policies and to foster territorial cohesion. The CEMAT has expressed its views on

specific aspects of these questions in its “Guiding Principles for Sustainable

Spatial Development of the European Continent” and in its Ljubljana Ministerial

Declaration on the territorial dimension of human rights (2003) and Lisbon

Ministerial Declaration on “Networks for sustainable spatial development of the

European Continent: Bridges over Europe” (2006). In the Ljubljana Declaration, it

is, for example, stated that “uneven accessibility to essential goods and services,

generate marginalisation and exclusion”.

Essential services are services that, in the opinion of a member State, need to be

generally available. These an adequate standard of living as set out in the

Universal Declaration of Human Rights services, so necessary to the people of

Europe, are important for spatial planning policies, especially in rural areas. Lack

of access to such services jeopardises the right to an

adequate standard of living as set out in the Universal

Declaration of Human Rights (1948).

- Resolution No. 2 on “The Pan-European Charter of rural heritage: for a

sustainable territorial development”

The Resolution contributes to the implementation of the provisions of the

Guiding Principles related to “Rural areas” and to “Broadly-based participation

of society in the spatial planning process” and to promoting the use of the

“European Rural Heritage Observation Guide – CEMAT” (Document 13 CEMAT

(2003) 4).

It considers that the rural heritage is a real asset and resource for territories, a

factor and a driving force in sustainable development of the European continent,

and plays a decisive role in making rural areas more attractive and in the balance

between town and country. Recommendation Rec. (2002) 1 of the Committee of

Ministers of the CoE to Member States on the CEMAT “Guiding Principles for

Sustainable Spatial Development of the European Continent” recognises that the

enhanced value of the cultural heritage, which increases the appeal of localities

and regions for investors, tourists and the general public by enhancing the

cultural heritage makes an important contribution to economic development and

to strengthening regional identity.

- Resolution No. 3 on “The organisation of the 16th CEMAT” (2013)

The Ministers acknowledge the kind invitation extended by the Government of

Greece to host the 16th Session of the CEMAT in 2013 and by the Government of

Romania to host the 17th Session of the CEMAT in 2016.

Greece proposed as theme of the 16th CEMAT:

“Territorial democracy : the role of public participation in the process of

sustainable territorial development of the European Continent” .

A thoroughly modern concept, landscape

combines all four elements of sustainable

development: natural, cultural, social and

economic. It is also a constantly evolving

story.

A unique setting and meeting place for

populations, landscape is a key factor in

the physical, mental and spiritual

well-being of individuals and societies.

A source of inspiration, it takes us on a

journey, both individual and collective,

through time, space and imagination.