3rd Indo-German Energy Symposium “Cities & Energy” 2nd - 3rd May, 2012, Delhi

Overview of Solar Thermal Process Heat & Cooling in India

By

Dr. A. K. SinghalDirector

Ministry of New & Renewable Energy Government of India

Website: www.mnre.gov.in

Background

• Huge amount of subsidized electricity & fuel oil being used for heating & cooling applications (Over 15 million tones of oil in industries for stem generation & 5 X1012

kwh of electricity for water /air heating alone)

• About 35000 MW of electricity being used for cooling. 50% being generated through DG sets. 80% oil imported.

• Focus on minimizing the use of high grade fuels for thermal applications

• India is full of sunshine over most part of its territory. Solar Thermal Technologies can help reducing the consumption of these high grade fuels

• Cooling through solar is most relevant for India as its most required when sun is available

• Good experience in solar heating for low temperature applications. Technologies for cooling & higher temp. applications being explored.

Technologies in Promotion for Process Heat & Cooling

• Solar water heating systems for boiler feed applications in industries and also for process heat

• Roof top Solar air heating systems for drying of agricultural & industrial products

• Concentrating Solar Technologies for cooking food in industrial canteens, process heat and cooling applications

20 million sq. m. collector area by 2022 under NSM launched in 2010. 5.10 million achieved so far.

Mission launched with a view to have large scale deployment of SWHs & develop/promote technologies for new applications. SECI formed for implementation.

Financial Support under NSM

• 30% of system cost as capital subsidy for certified products from approved manufacturers

• Higher subsidy (60% of cost) to special category states including islands & UTs.

• Soft loan at 5% also available who do not avail subsidy. 20% user equity must.

• Support available to users through different channel partners participating in the scheme

• Channel partners include Government & non governments bodies, FIs/ Aggregators, System integrators/ Manufacturers & RESCOs

• Release of subsidy on back end basis after inspection

• 50% support for validation of new technologies including of abroad as Demonstration projects

Solar Water Heating Systems

• Both FPC & ETC based systems in promotion.

• ETC market overriding FPC market for past few years . Tubes being imported.

• Quality aspects being taken care of through standards, test certificates & 3rd party monitoring

• Major market in domestic sector & in areas/ sectors where hot water requirement is year round. Industries have vast potential

• 40 million sq. m. collector area estimated as techno-economic potential. 5.10 million sq. m. done so far. Reached 1 million/year in 2010 from 1 lakh in 2003.

• Mandated in new establishments requiring hot water. 100 MCs amended building bye-laws. Many issuing completion certificates after ensuring installations.

Initiatives taken in UNDP/GEF Project on SWH

• User Handbook & Design Handbook developed

• SWH calculator for providing energy delivery details, collector requirement etc. on feeding relevant information placed on website

• Specific website www.solarwaterheater.gov.in launched

• Electronic news letter on monthly basis being published & mailed to over 2000 people

• Toll free Helpline No. 1800 2 33 44 77 in operation

• Training Manuals for Installers, Trainers, Builders & Architects & other stakeholders developed

• Model project reports for setting up of manufacturing units & entrepreneurship development prepared

Initiatives taken in UNDP/GEF Project on SWH (Contd.)

• Country map showing state wise installation done so far & available potential for solar water heating systems.

• Market assessment of potential in different sectors & projection of SHWS by 2017, 2022 and 2030 done

• Fact sheets, Reference Manual, Case studies & On-line tools for deciding about requirement of various RE technologies in Hospitality sector developed

• Market development programmes undertaken in Himalayan region, industrial, hospitality , education & healthcare sectors. Resulted in developing many DPRs.

• CDM project in process of registration with UNFCCC

• Projects developed in ESCO mode & in implementation

Present Status on SWH Programme

• Installations doubled in 2010 & 2011 as compared to 2008

• Around 60 manufacturers/integrators directly participating in MNRE scheme as Channel Partners

• Quality of systems being ensured in field throughMinimum set of technical requirements placed on

website. (Made compulsory for manufacturers & installers to adhere to them. Beneficiaries can also check them & complain to MNRE, if not followed) 5 years performance guaranty being given to users by

manufacturers • Systems being installed at net of subsidy at user’s place• All information easily available at MNRE/SWH website

SWH Website

Newsletter

State-wise SWH Projections

Himachal Pradesh

(20.0) (27.2) (78.5)

Uttarakhand

(20.0) (30.3) (118.5)

Estimated Distribution of SWH in INDIA (‘000 m2)(3515) (5370) (18700)

Source: “Market Assessment of SWH in India” carried under Global UNDP/GEF SWH Project by Greentech Knowledge Solutions, 2010

Kerala

(77.6) (134.8) (580.2)

Delhi

(45.0) (91.4) (497.4)

Goa

(14.9) (25.9) (91.1)

Gujarat

(118.6) (213.7) (1056.8)

Haryana

(38.7) (69.0) (334.7)

Jammu &Kashmir

(5.9) (11.8) (69.1)

Karnataka

(1655.4) (2150.0) (4230.0)

Madhya Pradesh

(40.5) (81.9) (492.7)

Maharashtra

(748.0) (1184.2) (4146.6)

Punjab

(50.6) (90.8) (443.7)

Rajasthan

(92.2) (160.9) (733.5)

Andhra Pradesh

(152.7) (268.3) (1274.0)

Chhattisgarh

(11.4) (22.7) (136.2)

Orissa

(19.1) (36.4) (199.5)

Tamil Nadu

(204.0) (369.7) (1822.8)

West Bengal

(65.2) (132.0) (786.5)

Union Territories (Except Delhi)

(12.4) (23.0) (111.3)

Bihar

(23.0) (42.0) (229.4)

Jharkhand

(13.8) (27. 8) (172.7)

Uttar Pradesh

(79.2) (157.0) (920.5)

North Eastern States

(7.2) (19.3) (174.2)

LEGENDS

(2010)

(2013)

(2022)

1500 lpd system at Ranbaxy India Ltd, Baddi

50,000 lpd systems at a Textile factory in Gurgaon through soft loan from Canara Bank

1,20000 LPD SWHS at Godavari Fertilizer

• & Chemicals Ltd, A.P.

Solar Air Heating Systems

• Hot air at 50 to 80C generally required in industries for drying of various products. Major potential is in:

Tea industry - preheating of air for drying/ withering Food industry – processing of fruits, spices, cereals,

mushroom, papad, vegetables, fish, sea food etc.; Other industries - leather, textile, chemicals, rubber,

paper, pharmaceuticals etc.• FPC based systems installed at roof & integrated with

existing units have helped industries in saving fuel during day time besides ensuring continuous operation.

• Over 70 roof top systems with 15,000 sq. m. of collector area installed so far in various industries

• Not many manufacturers, however, coming forward to tap this potential

Solar Air Heating/Drying System(At Tea Industry, Coonoor, TN)

Solar collectors(outside view)

Tea drying(inside view)

Solar Air Heating System for Coriander Drying in a factory at Tamilnadu

Solar Air Heating/Drying System(At leather industry, Ranipet, TN)

Solar collectors(outside view)

Leather drying(inside view)

Solar Fish Drying at Fishermen’s Association, Vishakhapatnam

Solar collectors installed at roof

(outside view)

Fish drying (inside view)

CSTs for Process Heat & Cooling

• Fixed focus single axis tracked dishes

- Developed by Scheffler , a French Scientist

- A small end portion of large paraboloid dish in the form of eclipse made flexible for N-S manual adjustments

• Fully tracked dishes with cavity receiver

- Fresnel reflector based dishes (Arun technology)

- 169 sq. m. aperture area

Active Suppliers : Scheffler dishes- 8 & Arun dishes- 1

Over 80 steam systems installed so far with 30,000 sq. m. area with both kind of dishes

Solar Steam Generating Systems

Arun Dishes at ITC Maurya for

Laundry

Scheffler dishes for industrial canteen

Solar Steam system forLaundry & Food Processing

•Gajraj Drycleaners for

laundryTapi food industry for

process heat

Demonstration systems

for Solar Cooling

• Finding suitable at places where fuel oil/ DG sets being used for air-conditioning due to heavy power cuts

• Provides steam/pressurized hot water to run Vapour Absorption Machines

• A few demonstration systems include:

- 100 TR system at Muni Sewa Ashram, near Vadodara for their cancer hospital

- 92 TR plant functioning at TVS Suzuki factory near Chennai for their office premises

- 212 TR system based on vapour absorption & desiccant cooling at a hospital run by MC,Thane

- 1120 sq. m. Integrated solar & heat recovery system for cooling at Mahindera & Mahindera, Pune

Solar Cooling Systems

•

VAM for cooling

Solar cooling System at Muni Sewa Ashram, near Vadodara

Solar Cooling System at Civil Hospital, Thane

Further Developments

on CSTs

50 sq. m. fully tracked Scheffler dish with heat storage at Mount Abu

State of Art Paraboloid Dish for Process Heat

• An R&D cum Demo. project under PPP mode

• 90 sq. m State of Art dish developed & tested for performance

• Seam generation at 400C & 40 bar at 650 w/sq. m. demonstrated with dish efficiency of 75%

• Complete test set up using indirect steam generation method hybridized with fossil fuel based system developed for optimizing of design

100 kW Solar Cooling Plant with PTCs & Triple Effect VAM

• An R&D cum Demo. project under PPP mode

• PTCs with anodized Al reflector & 51% efficiency at 200C developed

• Requires less area due to higher COP of VAM

• Operating at SEC, MNRE for last 9 months

• Stand alone system for day time use. Takes care of intermittent clouds through small storage

• Useful for offices & institutions working during day time

• Smaller system with Air cooled condensers under development

CLFR Technology developed by KG Group at Coimbatore

Barriers in large scale promotion of CSTs

• Non-availability of high quality reflectors & evacuated tube receivers for CSTs

• Non-availability of suitable technology packages for industries

• Space constraints for installations. Land is expensive & is preferred for extension of their activities

• Heat pipe & non-imaging concentrator technologies yet to be explored & developed

• Varying DNI availability from place to place

• No test standards & test set up for measuring performance of systems

• Low returns on investments

UNDP/GEF Project on CSH for Process Heat

Objective :

To increase the use of CSH systems for low & medium temperature process heat applications & avoid GHG emissions in atmosphere

Major activities :

Technologies packages development & standardisation

Awareness enhancement & capacity building

Pilot demonstration & replication of CSH technologies for various applications

Sustainable financial approach in adoption of CSH technologies

GEF Grant : USD 4.40 million for a period of 5 years

Possible Goals & Road AheadSolar Heating

Hot water application

• Going well. Not much technical issues except ETCs. Cost & quality issues need focus.

• 20 million sq. m. by 2022 & 100 million by 2050

Space heating/ drying application

• Technologies yet to be standardized. Less suppliers. Space is a constraint

• 1 million sq. m. by 2022 & 10 million by 2050 possible

Process heat & cooking applications

• CSTs with optimum design & output yet to be marketed

• 1 million sq. m. by 2022 & 10 million by 2050 possible

Pay back needs to < 3 yrs to achieve above targets. Subsidy & soft loan support to continue in 12th Plan

Possible Goals & Road Ahead Solar Cooling

Potential Areas

• Space cooling in institutions & commercial complexes for day time needs (No storage but hybridization required)

• Space cooling in residential & hospitality sectors (Storage with electrical appliances. Space is the constraint)

• Cold storages/ industrial refrigeration/ vaccine storage (Hybridization with DG sets/thermal appliances?)

Status & Goals

• Technologies at demo. stage. Fool proof technologies competing with existing ones need to be developed. Heat pipes & CSTs based systems require emphasis

• Integrated solar heating & cooling systems to work in all seasons may have good market

• 50,000 TR by 2022 & 500,ooo TR by 2050 possible

Conclusion

• Vast potential both for solar heating & cooling

• Government of India committed for large scale deployment of solar energy systems. Separate Ministry since 1992.

• Fiscal & financial incentives with required budget had never been an issue.

• Rs. 625 crore available in 2012 for Solar technologies

• Mandatory provisions for installations difficult for implementation due to many constraints

• Fool proof technologies, cost & space are major constraints which need to be addressed.

• Goal of 25 million sq. m. by 2022 (5000MW CSP eqv.) & 100 million by 2050 (20000 MW CSP eqv.) achievable subject to removal of above constraints

Thank You