“betontex” : composite materials system for construction...
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Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
“Betontex” : Composite Materials System for Construction, Strengthening and Reabilitation;
The L’Aquila Experience .
Prof. Lino Credali - Ing. Gianluca Ussia
Ardea Progetti e Sistemi S.R.L. - Bologna
ATHENS – EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING LABORATORY
Thursday , February 24, 2011
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
ARDEA PROGETTI e SISTEMI s.r.l. Ardea Progetti e Sistemi S.r.l. is a leading Italian Company,
created in 1993 with a high level of specialization in FRP applications
Marine Applications (Mine hunters, American Cup Racing
Boats) Aerospace Components (Antenna, Mechanical Components) Sport Helmets and Balistic Protection Sports Tools (Ski, Sport Cars Frame, Motobike Wheels) Application in Structural Buildings Recovery- Construction Fiber Waving and Prepregs Resins Formulation Chemistry and Spinning of High Modulus Fibers
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Ardea Organization ARDEA PROGETTI
E SISTEMI S.r.l.
PRODUCTION AND
SALES DESIGN
TECHNICAL SERVICE
FIBERS WAVING
FTS s.p.a.
Ardea S.r.l.
Design Technical Service
Ardea S.r.l.
RESINS
FORMULATION Ardea S.r.l.
Applications Technical
Service Ardea S.r.l.
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
FRP - COMPOSITE MATERIALS Composites Materials were created in the ’50
as an answer to existing technical needs
related to the Aerospace Competition, in terms of : Very High Mechanical Properties Lightness High Fatigue Resistance High Corrosion Resistance Taylor Made designed materials
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Composites History
In the ‘50 the large development of synthetic fiber technology (nylon, polyesther, acryrilic) made possible the intruduction of high performance fibers in the market:
- Glass Fibers (1955)
- Aramid Fibers (Kevlar) (1965-1970)
- Carbon Fibers (1970-1980)
- Ceramic, Bore, LCP fibers (1980)
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Fibers Properties
T
ensi
le S
tren
gth
(MPa
)
Tensile Modulus (GPa)
WHAT ARE COMPOSITES MATERIALS (FRP)
MATRIX + REINFORCE = COMPOSITE
- FIBRE provides the Strength and Stifness - MATRIX provides the shape and transfers forces to fibers Matrices: Polymeric Resins, Metal, Ceramic Reinforces: Glass, Carbon, Aramid, LCP , Continuous Filaments Fibre Matrice
In Composites : σc = σf x Vf + σ m x Vm Ec =Ef x Vf + E m x Vm
Prof. Lino Credali 7 Ardea Progetti e Sistemi S.r.l
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
1992-SCAFO eVELE Moro di VeneziaNEEDS
Lightness and rigidity of the hull
SOLUTION
Sandwich Structure
Skin in Carbon fiber
Lamina crossed unidirectional fabrics Thickness 2 mm
Core: Nomex Honney
comb.
1989 Hull and sails of American Cup Racing Boats
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
CARBON SAILS (Credali and Cayard Patent, 1992)
Needs: To combine carbon
brittleness with sail flexibility and folding capacity (1992)
Solution: A combination of a carbon
fabric with a flexible plastic film (Polyolefine)
Carbon fiber gives rigidity The plastic film gives
flexibility and folding capacity, by reducing the bending diameter of the fiber.
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
RUOTE PER MOTO SUPERBIKE
1988-1993NEEDS:
Rigidity and crash resistance
SOLUTION:
Hybrid Composites Based on Carbon and Aramid Fiber
Motobike World Championship Wheels
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
The use of composites for structural recovery in construction starts in 1986 in Japan for the repair of buildings damaged by earthquakes.
In 1993 laboratory tests begin in Italy at University of Bologna followed by large scale commercial applications ( from 1996).
In 2004 The Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) published the National Regulation Rules for Composites Application in Construction. • CNR DT 200/2004 for concrete and masonery
structures • CNR DT 201/2005 for wood structures • CNR DT 202/2005 for steel structures
11
Composites in Construction
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
COMPOSITES IN CONSTRUCTION Main Properties
High mechanical properties. Carbon fiber are five time more resistant compared to steel.
Lightness. Density of the fiber 1,8g/cm3 - compared to steel 8 g/cm3.
No invasivity. Reinforce is applied on the external surface with a very low thickness 1-2 mm.
No corrosion. No maintenance is required.
High fatigue resistance. High dissipation of deformation and vibration energy (earthquakes and heavy traffic vibrations)
Seismic Retrofit : taking advantage of Lightness and High Mechanical Properties
Reversibility. Reinforces can easily removed without structure damage. Easy application. Thanks to low weigth does not need handling
apparata.
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Fiber Selection
Material selection is related to:
Mechanical model of damage
Quality of existing materials
Reinforce performance required
(Durability)
13
Structural model of carbon fiber at different level of thermal treatment
(1100° and 2000° C)
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Unidirectional
fabrics
Wire: is formed by 12.000
macrofibers
Bidirectional
fabrics
Carbon Fiber Reinforcement
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Lamina
Fiber: Carbon
∼70% of volume
Matrix: Epoxy Resin
∼ 30% of volume
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Glass Fibers
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Aramid Fibers
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
R & D Ardea is devoting many efforts in
research and development. Many important Patents have been filled.
BETONTEX ®: thermo welded fabrics
ARDFIX ®: Connectors ARDWOOD ®: wood reinforcing
system Betontex Tie: Walls reinforcement,
prestressing systems
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Betontex® Products
Thermowelded dry fabrics for in “situ” lamination, carbon, aramid, glass and hybrid fibers
Unidirectional biax and multiax fabrics from 300 g/m2 to 600 g/m2
Thermowelded biax net from 150 to 300 g/m2
Rods; Connectors
Pultruted Lamina
Cable Ties
Epoxy resin systems
New Resin Systems, water based, no burning
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Reinforcement Application by Hand Lay Up
1 – Surface cleaning and reconstruction 2 – Epoxy Primer layer 3 – Epoxy mortar 4 – Impregnation Epoxy resin - 1° layer 5 – Reinforcing Fabrics 6 – Impregnation Epoxy resin - 2° layer 7 – Blasting of quartz sand for other treatments 8 – Plaster or Paint Protection
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Application drawing:
Primer
Adhesive Epoxy
LAMINA
1-Epoxy Primer Application over support surface
2-Epoxy Adhesive should be applied both over beam surface and over lamina
Lamina Application by epoxy adhesive
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Reinforcement application by Lay Up and Lamina
USE OF EPOXY RESINS
EPOXY RESINS ARE BICOMPONENTS
Component A Resin
Component B Hardener
Hardened Resin C
Liquid A Liquid B Crosslinked Solid Structure C
+ =
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Outside Reinforce : Application of reinforce at exterior side of structure will contribute: Tensile strength : Strength is given to materials (Concrete, massonery) that do not show this properties. Cracks Confining : cracks opening is prevented Structure confining : Columns and buildings belting .
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
BETONTEX Application Examples in Construction
All described solutions have been adapted in retrofitting of “L’Aquila” after the earth
quake of 2008
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
After ten years of experience in composites in construction, the following applications can be indicated
CONCRETE STRUCTURES: Beams and Slabs reinforcement to flexure and share Pillars and columns reinforce to compression and flexure Arches and galleries reinforcement Belting of building structure Cracks propagation control
MASONRY STRUCTURES: Cracks diffusion control in walls Walls reinforcement Pillars reinforcement Arch and vaults reinforcement Belting of Buildings
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Applications Design
MASONRY
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Fiber reinforcement application example Bracing wall
Masonry
Fiber Reinforcement
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Application of fiber reinforcement
in a concrete and bricks house
Fiber reinforcement of masonry building is mainly made by belting (Reinfocement rings)of the complete building;
The example is related to a villa in Bologna (2000); The hooping reinforcement
concept is now a conventional application of fibers in masonry constructions.
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Facade reinforcement GRAND HOTEL of ALASSIO
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Outside and Inside reinforcement are connected by Ardfix System
Windows and Doors Lintels Reinforcement – Grand Hotel of Alassio- Italy
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Ardfix Connectors between outside and inside fiber tapes
Original design: hundred steel connectors for m2
Carbon Fiber Design
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
MASONRY WALLS reinforcement examples
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Application Design
BEAMS AND SLABS: BENDING AND SHEAR
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
EXAMPLES OF BEAM REINFORCEMENT
Bending
reinforcement
Shear and Delamination
Control with U shaped tapes
Shear and Delamination Control with Ardfix Connectors
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
University of Bologna Politecnico of Milano
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Università di Bologna
LABORATORY TESTS ON BEAMS
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
HIGHWAY BRIDGES BEAMS REINFORCEMENT OVER TEVERE RIVER, 1997
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
BEAMS REINFORCEMENT TO SHEAR
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Application design
Vaults: Extrados - Intrados Arches: Intrados
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
General Diagram for Vaults Reinforcement
Reinforcement Fiber Tapes may be positioned at extrados or intrados of the Vault
Longitudinal Tapes
Transverse Tapes
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Escalator Vault: Intrados application of unidirectional fiber tapes
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
PROSPECTIVE VIEW
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Escalator Vaults: Unidirectional Fiber Tapes Positioning for Cross Vaults
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
VIEW OF VAULTS after strengthening with unidirectional carbon fibers
CROSS VAULT
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
PAVILION VAULT: Extrados Positioning of Fiber Tapes
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
EXTRADOS VIEW
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
VAULT OF DUOMO IN CARPI Spherical Vault Extrados Fiber strengthening
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
INTRADOS ARCH REINFORCEMENT Connection between intrados and
horizontal reinforcement with U shape tape
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
FACADE AND ARCHES REINFORCED BY FIBER TAPES
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Applications Design
COLUMNS and PILLARS
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
SQUARE PILLARS
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
COLUMNS OF CINEMA CAPITOL - BOLOGNA
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
CIRCULAR COLUMNS
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Concrete Columns and beams reinforcement
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Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Concrete Columns and beams reinforcement Status before rehabilitation
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Concrete Columns and beams reinforce after rehabilitation
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Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
PILLARS REINFORCEMENT EXAMPLES
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
COLUMN AT DUOMO OF CARPI - ITALY
The carbon coating has been perfectly molded on column without increasing thickness
A surface sand treatment has given the perfect original appearance
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
NEW DEVELOPMENT BETONTEX TIE
BETONTEX ARAMID TIE HM are cables made by aramid fibres, with a “core” of carbon fibres
the two ends are protected to abrasion by Dynema fibers and connected to a steel forked pin
External Protection with High Modulus Polyester Fibers Sensor for stretch monitoring under research ( Nanocyl Project)
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Betontex Tie placed to secure the Tambour of “Anime Sante” Chatidral at l’Aquila , damaged by the
earthquake of 2008
Tie weight =3,5 kg 38 m
Tie length =38m
Betontex Ties have been applied by specialized technician lowered by an helicopter.
Tie tensile strength = 18 Ton
Tested tensile strength = 15 Ton
Suggested tension
for prestressing = 5000 kg
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
BETONTEX TIE: Prestressing
of vaults at “REALE ALBERGO DEI POVERI”(NAPOLI) Prof. Croci Design
CITY WALL OF BASSANO: RISTILLATURA ARMATA CON ARAMID/CARBON CABLE
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
APPLICATIONS DESIGN
Outside and inside reinforces in a wall: Connections (ARDFIX SYSTEM)
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Reinforcement Technology: Carbon Fiber Rods
Fiber Rods can be used in combination with unidirectional tapes:
1. To create a connection across the wall 2. To encrease the adhesion by a connector between fiber
tape and wall A good example is the ARDFIX SYSTEM
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
ARDFIX CONNECTOR ACROSS THE WALL
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
BALCONADE REINFORCE DRAWING IN COSTIGLIOLE: THE CITY PALACE
The application drawing comprises:
Fiber tapes application Ardfix Connectors to main
walls
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
BALCONADE REINFORCE DRAWING IN COSTIGLIOLE: THE CITY PALACE
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
ARDFIX TEST UNIVERSITY OF
FLORENCE
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
ARDFIX TEST
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FLEXURAL TEST
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ARDFIX TEST
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
ARDFIX TEST
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
ARDFIX TEST
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
RESULTS Tipo trave
Pmax [kN]
F 1(Pmax) [mm]
F 2(Pmax) [mm]
F3(Pmax) [mm]
Trave T1 64.70 32.18 18.30 17.73
Trave T3 90.76 39.67 22.53 22.28
Trave T4 88.75 39.23 21.74 19.84
Trave T5 85.36 39.00 20.74 21.64
Trave T6 81.99 29.86 18.41 17.50
Trave TQ 32.56 40.95 20.02 18.83
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100Travi T1 - T5 - T6 - T3 - TQ - T4
Car
ico
[kN
]
spostamento [mm]
T1T5T6T3TQT4
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali 26/11/2012 76 Ardea Progetti e Sistemi S.r.l
ARDWOOD® ARDWOD® is a reinforcement system for wood structures by elements confined with carbon fibres. Advantage of Ardwood technology are: •ligthness; •No invasivity; •High mechanical properties with improvement of rigidity; •Easely applied; -The System may be used in combination with intradoss reinforcement connected by ARDFIX® connectors.
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
WOOD REINFORCE TESTS UNIVERSITY OF TURIN
Grafico carico-deformazione
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Deformazione (mm)
Ca
rico
(k
N)
Tal Quale
Carboniointr.
Ardwood
Ardwood +carbonio intr.
Laboratory test made at Politecnico di Torino by Prof. Pistone and Lino Credali
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Some Application Examples
Main Work from 1998 to 2011
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Rinforzo Complesso monumentale
Ex Corte Benedettina di Legnaro (PD)
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Rinforzo Timpano Biblioteca Basilica S. Antonio (Padova)
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
GRANDE HOTEL DI ALASSIO
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
CORDOLATURA ABSIDE CHIESA DI ROCCAVIONE CN
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
VOLTE DUOMO DI CARPI: RINFORZO ESTRADOSSO
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Rinforzo estradosso volte - Basilica S. Petronio (Bologna)
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
CHIESA DI OSTERIA GRANDE BOLOGNA
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
CHIESA DI OSTERIA GRANDE BOLOGNA
Quadro Fessurativo
Schemi di Progetto
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Rinforzo Volte Scuderie - Reggia di Venaria Reale (TO)
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CONSOLIDAMENTO VOLTE PORTICATO DI VIA INDIPENDENZA - BOLOGNA
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Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
SCHEMA RINFORZO DI UNA BALCONATA COSTIGLIOLE-PALAZZO COMUNALE
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
SANTA MARIA DELL’AQUILA - SORANO
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
STRUTTURE IN TUFO: Basilica di SOVANA (GR)
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
STRUTTURE IN TUFO: Basilica di SOVANA (GR)
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
STRUTTURE IN TUFO: Basilica di SOVANA (GR)
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Messa in Sicurezza Paramenti della Basilica S. Pietro (Bologna)
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
BASILICA DI VICOFORTE (CN)
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RINFORZI STRUTTURE C.A.
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Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
RECUPERO EX OFFICINE SAVIGLIANO C.SO MORTARA - TORINO
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
RECUPERO EX OFFICINE SAVIGLIANO C.SO MORTARA - TORINO
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Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
RINFORZO PONTE IN C.C.A.
PARCO REGGIA DI RACCONIGI (CN)
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ARDWOOD® ARDWOD® è un sistema di rinforzo per strutture lignee con elementi confinati in fibra di carbonio. I vantaggi della tecnologia ARDWOD® sono: •Leggerezza; •Scarsa invasività; •Elevate prestazioni meccaniche, con aumento di rigidezza dell’elemento rinforzato; •Facilità di messa in opera; •Sinergia con la struttura esistente. •Il sistema può essere combinato con rinforzi in fibra di carbonio in zona tesa e solidarizzato alla trave esistente con connettori ARDFIX®.
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali 26/11/2012 101 Ardea Progetti e Sistemi S.r.l
Rinforzi strutture lignee
Luce di Calcolo m 7.05 Larghezza della trave B cm 25
Altezza della trave H cm 38 Interasse trave i m 3.20 Larghezza dei travetti b cm 10
Altezza dei travetti h cm 14 Carico agente sulla trave Q
daN/m 2000
Freccia(prima) calcolo elastico
cm 8.02
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali 26/11/2012 102 Ardea Progetti e Sistemi S.r.l
Progetto
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
Risultati
La freccia misurata a puntelli eliminati è stata di 0,2 cm
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Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
S. MARIA MAGGIORE TRIESTE
Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali
ARDEA RINGRAZIA PER L’ATTENZIONE
Ardea Progetti e Sistemi Srl Via Cristoni 58 - La Meridiana
40033 Casalecchio di Reno (BO)
Tel 051-6133190 Fax 051-6112231 E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.betontex.it
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