antiquity and continuity of vedic culture

Marathi Bhashik MandalApril 30, 2011

Sources of Compilation

Vedic LiteraturePuraan, Ramayan, MahabharatZend Avesta, Greek SourcesAstromical, Philological, Archaelogical,

LiteraryGenetics

RgVed – Oldest Book

Belongs to All, irrespective of class, colour or creed Astronomical References Taiteriya Brahman (3:1:15), where Brushaspati (Jupiter)

crossed the Pushya constellation, gives a date of 4650 B.C. Aiteriya Brahmana refers to 6000 B.C.

From the calculation of the vernal equinox cycle, the Taiteriya Samhita provides dates that reach as far as 22000 B.C (Ref: Vartak, Tilak).

The life sized head has a hair style which the Vedas describe as being unique to Vasishtha... Carbon 14 tests indicate that it was cast around 3700 B.C., with an error in either direction of upto 800 years .. an age also confirmed by independent metallurgical tests" (J. of Indo-European Studies, v.18, 1990, p.425-46).

The Homeland(Manu)

Early Kings

Manu the son of Vivasvan, was the 15th decendant of Barhi.

Manu's decendants are called Manav.

During his rule a terrible flood broke out. It is believed that a shark (First incarnation of Vishnu) helped Manu survive the floods.

Swayambhuva ManuKaliyug : 3102 B.C (Varahamihira, Kalhana, Arya

Bhatta, Vruddha Garga, Puraan)ChaturYuga Cycle : 12000 human years (4800

years Kruta, 3600 Treta, 2400 Dwapar, 1200 Kali)

Vaivasta Manu: 13902 B.C (10,800 years before Kali)

Swayambhuva Manu: 29000 B.C (71 Divya Years before) 1 Divya Year = 360 human years)

The Matsya Puraan (129-76, 77) confirmsB.G.Tilak in his "Orion" has calculated 29101 B.C.,

using astronomical data

“Bhaarat” Origins• King Nahush caretaker of Indra's Kingdom

• King Yayati's thirst to remain young

• Yayati rewards his youngest son Puru

• Shakuntala is born to Apsara Menakaa • Prince Dushyant secretly marries Shakuntala.

• Shakuntala looses the ring, that proves her to be Dushyant's wife.

• Ring is found. Return of Shakuntala.

• King Bharat. After whom the country is called Bhaarat.

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King Nahush caretaker of Indra's KingdomNahush was a decendant of Manu, through Manu's daughter Ila. He ruled Pratishtahan (today's Paithan, on banks of Godavari). When Indra escaped to hide, (for killing a Brahmin) Nahush was chosen as a caretaker of Indra's kingdom. Attracted to Sachi (Indra's queen), Nahush ordered Bramhins to take him to Sachi. This enraged the bramhins and they cursed the King. Nahush was promptly removed from his caretaker position. King Yayati's thirst to remain young.Nahush's son, Yayati became the king of Pratishthan after Nahush. Yayati had two wives: Devyani (daughter of Danav guru, Sukracharya) and Sharmishtha. As Yayati started getting old, he wanted to retain his youth. His son Puru gave his youth to his father. Eventually, Yayati realsied his mistake and accepted his old age. Yayati rewards his youngest son Puru.Yayati was pleased with his youngest son, Puru. Thus after Yayati, Puru became the king of Pratishthan. Shakuntala is born to Apsara Menaka.Sage Vishwamitra was busy with creating Pratisrushti. Indra could not tolerate that. So, he sent Apsara Menaka to distract him from his work. Apsara Menaka bore Sage Vishwamitra's daughter Shakuntala. She was raised in the hermitage of Sage Kanva. Prince Dushyant secretly marries Shakuntala.King Puru's son Dushyant, wandered in the hermitage of Sage Kanwa. Here he met and fell in love with Shakuntala. He secretly married Shakuntala in the hermitage. He gave her a token ring, which would establish her identity as his wife. Shakuntala looses the ring, that proves her to be Dushyant's wife.Shakuntala lost the ring on her way to the palace. Dushyant could not accept her without the ring. Heartbroken, Shakuntala left for the woods. Where she gave birth to a baby boy; Bharat. Ring is found. Return of Shakuntala.Few years later, the ring was found. Dushyant, now the king of Praatishthan, went in search for Shakuntala. He brought the Shakuntala and Bharat with him to the capital. King Bharat. After whom the country is called Bhaarat.Bharat became the king of Pratishthan after Dushyant. Bharat, is unquestionably the greatest king of this land. After him the country came to be known as Bhaarat. He had nine sons, and none of them seemed fit to rule after him. So, he adopted a capable child, who succeeded Bharat.

Cradle of CivilizationWhere? When? Spread?

Harappan figurines depict a mother goddess often enough, and again the Vedic hymns implore various aspects of the Mother: Sarasvati, Ushas, Ila, Aditi, Prithvi, Bharati… the cult of a mother goddess is attested as early as 8000 or 9000 BCE!

(Source: Page 234 of The Lost River: On the Trail of the Sarasvati, by Michel Danino, Penguin Books, 2010).

Saraswati-Sindhu Culture

Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

•300 cities & many supporting villages covered 1,500,000 sq. km. Bigger than Western Europe.

•Most cities were shaped as parallelograms.

•Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa had populations of 100,000.

•Cities had giant reservoirs for water.

•Underground drainage system.

•2 or 3 storied houses, built with bricks of uniform size.

•Weights were standardized. •The entire empire used same script.

•Marine culture. A huge dock in Lothal.

•They exported goods to Egypt (Nile) and Sumer (Iraq, Tigris-Euphrates).

River System•Sapta-Sindhu Region

•Saraswati changes course 4 times, finally disappears

Saraswati

Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

RgVedic Places

40,000 year old Painting

•White silica sandstone rock shelter

•Bhimbetka Caves

•Notice the horse with rider

Outbound Migration

Commerce (miners, sailors, merchants)Natural MovementWarFamine, Flood

Early Migrations(War of Ten Kings)

Early Migration – The first WaveThe First Great Migration: Druhyus spread out

northwards from northwestern Punjab and Afghanistan into Central Asia (and beyond)

The Second Great Migration: The Anus spread out westwards from the Punjab into Afghanistan BhRgus (Phryges, Thraco-Phrygians), Alinas (Hellenes, Greeks)

and Simyus (Sirmios, Illyrians or Albanians) migrating westwards from Afghanistan as far as Anatolia and southeastern Europe

Kashyapa Rishi is associated with northern regions like Kashmir, that was originally called Kashyapa Mira or Kashyapa’s lake … also the Caspian Sea appears to be named after him

Uttara Kurus, described as a spiritual paradise north of the Himalayas (perhaps Siberia or Shiva-riya)

Daasharadnya Yuddha (War of Ten Kings)

Iranian (Abhivarta) Chayamana – King of Paarthava people

Bhaaradwaj Rishi, Commander Divodaasa (Father Daivavatata, Son Sudas)

Sudas (Vishmamitra, Vasishtha, Agastya) Puru, Yadu, Turvasa Anu, Druhyu, Alina, Paktha ('Pathan'; 'Pashthun'),

Bhalinas, Siva, Visanin, Simyu, Vaikarna

Sindhu River – Migration to East and West

Early MigrationAnatolian (Hittite) was the first branch to leave the

homeland: “The Anatolian languages, of which Hittite is the best known … they apparently represent an earlier stage of Indo-European, and are regarded by many as the first group to break away from the proto-language.

Four branches, Indic, Iranian, Hellenic (Greek) and Thraco-Phrygian (Armenian) were the last branches remaining behind in the original homeland after the other branches had dispersed.

European Celts clearly practiced, and a few still do, more orthodox Vedic type religions, with similar traditions of chanting, rituals, deity worship, mantra and meditation.

Migration to West (Tigris, Euphrates)

Roosam and Siberia (Shiva-Riya)

Paarthava and Bharata

Hindu Kush Region (Nagas)

ZarathushtraVedic Iranian (Dasyu)

Zarathustra, a contemporary of king Vishtaspa (Sage Kaksivan speaks of one Istasva) lived around 7100 B.C.

Greeks Herodotus / Strabo: Caspian Sea and Caucasus mountains are named from Sage Kaspios (Sage Kashyapa of the Rg Veda)

Migration to the WestIran-IraqCharles Vallency quotes Sir William Jones as

saying "It has been proved by clear evidence and plain reasoning that a powerful monarchy was established in Iran, long before the Assyrian or Pishdadi government; that it was in truth a Hindu monarchy ... that is subsisted many centuries.." (Collectania De Rebus Hibernicus, p.465).

Pococke observes, "that a system of Hinduism pervaded the whole Babylonian and Assyrian empires"

Migration Routes (Pani, Kuvera)

Migration to the WestEurope / GreeceRenfrew allows a date as early as 6000 B.C. for the

migration of Vedic aryans into Europe ("The Origins of Indo- European Languages", Sc.Amer, Oct, 1989).

EgyptProf. Brugsch Bey writes in "History of Egypt" that "We

have a right to more than suspect that India, eight thousand years ago, sent a colony of emigrants who carried their arts and high civilization into what is now known to us as Egypt. The Egyptians came, according to their records, from a mysterious land (now known to lie on the shores of the Indian ocean) ... led by Amen, Hor, Hathor (Brahma, Hari, Rudra)..."

Migration to the WestGreecePococke writes in "India in Greece" (quoted in Age of

Buddha, by K.Venkatachalam, p.75), "The early civilization, the early arts, the indubitably early literature of India are equally the civilization of, the arts, and literature of Egypt and of Greece; for geographical references conjoined to historical facts and religious practices, now prove beyond all dispute than the latter countries are the colonies of the former".

The Greeks (and Egyptians) derived their cosmogony from the Hindus is apparent from their respective literature (Deshpandey, "Bharat: As seen and known by foreigners").

Vedic Greek DeitiesGreek Sanskrit Meaning

Zeus dyu, Dyaus shine, sky, day; sky god

Hera soar bright sky

Uranus var conceal, cover

Daphne Dahana dawn

Ixion Akshanah one bound to a wheel

Paris Panis night demons

Athene ahana the light of daybreak

Prometheus PramanthasStick used to kindle Fire(Agni)

Vedics in Italy

An Vedic emblem at in the Etruscan Museum at the Vatican in Rome. Encyclopedia Britannica mentions under the headings "Etruria" and "Etruscan" that between the 2nd and 7th centuries BC

Vedics in Italy

Roman consul wearing a “tilak” ... (Published in "History of Rome" page 237 by Smith and in "Long Missing Links" by Aiyangar.)

Vedics in Italy

What appear to be Ramayanic paintings … Rama, Sita, Lakshman and Lava, Kusha with a horse related to (Ashwamedha)

Gypsies of Europe

Linguistic and genetic analysis has charted the Gypsy migration from India to Europe through the Hindu Kush, along Persia and the southern shoreline of the Caspian Sea, through the southern Caucasus (Armenia)And westwards to Anatolia and Byzantium.

10 million live in Europe

Druids - Druhyus in Europe (Hari-yupia)

South-Central America (Paatala, Kingdom of Bali)

Mayans, Peruvians, Aztecs, Incas Nagas, Kubera, Shiva, Sun Worship

Rama is represented as a descendant from the sun, as the husband of Sita, and the son of a princess named Causelya. It is very remarkable that Peruvians, whose Incas boasted of the same descent, styled their greatest festival Rama-Sitva; whence we may take it that South America was peopled by the same race who imported into the farthest of parts of Asia the rites and the fabulous history of Rama.(Asiatic Researches Volume I. p. 426)

"a proper examination of these monuments would disclose the fact that in their interior as well as their exterior form and obvious purposes, these buildings (temples in Palanque, Mexico) correspond with great exactness to those of Hindustan..."(Ephraim George Squier (1821-1888) in Peru; Incidents of Travel and Exploration in the Land of the Incas and The Serpent Symbol, and the Worship of the Reciprocal Principles of Nature in America.

Route to South America (“Paatal”)

The ancient sea routes from India to South America following the ocean current.(source: The Indians And The Amerindians - By Dr. B. Chakravarti p. 82).

Quichua and SanskritAkapana (cloudscolored by sun) aka (painting)chani (price) jani (produce)chinkat (jaguar) sinha (lion)Chirau (resplendent) sura (to shine), chirayu (long lasting)huakra (horn) vakra (curved)kakarpa (tent) k'arpara (parasol)mita (time) mita (step passage of time)muti (pounded corn) mut (to pound)nana (sister) nanda (sister)pakkni (to break) pike (to break)paksa (the moon) paksa (the full moon)pisi (small) pis (to break)pitata (bedroom) pita (house, cottage)simpa (cord) samb (to tie)soro (spiritual liqour) sura (spiritual liquor)sokta (six) shaasya (six)

(source: The Ayar-Incas - By Miles Poindexter p. 211-215).

Rituals, Poetry, Education

“From child-birth to cremation and Sati the Aztecs (“Astiks”) observed almost all Hindu rituals including the Gurukula system of education followed in India. The Incas of Peru with Ayar Brahman ancestry observed the sacred thread ceremony, the ear-piercing ceremony all other Hindu rituals and rigidly observed the caste systems of India.

It is not without reason that the Spanish author Lopez says in his book Le Races Aryans de Peru : “”Every page of Peruvian poetry bears the imprint of Ramayana and Mahabharata.”

Ages of Glory(Ramayan - Mahabharat Era)

Ramayana5500 B.C

EvidenceTradition informs that Mahabharata occurred

at the end of Dwaapar Yuga and Ramayana at the end of Treta Yuga.

Some clues from Sumerian clay tablets, Isin and Kish chronicles which approximate the date of the first king (Ukhu == Iksh-vaku) of the first dynasty of Sumeria to be 8350 B.C.

Shree Rama was 75th in Ikshwaku lineage and that 60 generations passed between Shree Rama and Shree Krishna. … (Shrimad Bhagvat) that Ramayanic date therefore falls at about 5300 B.C.

Rama Setu

•Fictitious?

•30 km long – Ramaeshwar and Srilanka

Ramayana AbroadNepal, Sri Lanka, South Easy Asia Japan and China from JatakaCold Siberia

Mayans of Mexico, Poetry Peru and Vishnu Temple in Uruguay

“work of the Nazca people for navigational aid”. According to local legend, this carved trident represents the lightning rod of the god Viracocha, who was worshipped throughout South America.

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As per Dr. P. V. Vartak, the trident is a sign of east ( as we have 180 degrees today to decide from where west starts ). This was created by Vishnu around 15000 - 17000 years ago. And the lines on the Nazca are the signs of Ancient Airport of King Bali, around 15000 years ago.Surprisingly the sign of Trident is also mentioned in Ramayan, when Kind Sugriv gives directions to his people for search of Sita. The description given is so clear and apt that Sugriv or Sage Vasitha must have seen this trident from sky

Ramayana in South East Asia

Prambanan was built in Java, Indonesia by Rakai Pikatan, king of the Second Mataram Dynasty (late 9th century AD).

Lions flee as Ravana uproots the mountain where Shiva sits with his consort Parvati. (Temple relief Angkor, Cambodia )

Ramayana in South East Asia Rama, Sita and Lakshmana enter

the forest ( Golden Gong Puppet Theatre (Yok the pwe, marionettes)

Yangon, Myanmar

Ravana kidnaps Sita. Lakhon bassac (folk opera), DaoTan Drama Theatre

Binh Dinh, Vietnam

Jatayu tries to rescue Sita. Detail of mural painting (late 18th C) at Wat Phra Si Ratana Satsadaram (Wat Phra Kaeo) Temple Bangkok, Thailand

Ramayana in South East AsiaHanuman delivers Rama's ring to Sita. Khon (court dance drama), Natyasala Dance School Wiangchan, Laos

The monkeys build a causeway of rocks to Ravana's kingdom. Hanuman dives below the sea and finds Suvarnamatsya, Wat That Luang Ratsamahawihan temple,

Luang Phabang, Laos.

Mahabharat 3138 B.C.

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Ancient History of NorthEast India during Mahabharat Ancient History of NorthEast India at MahabharatAncient history of Manipur and Nagas at Mahabharata eraThe earliest references to 'Manipur' date back to the ancient Indian epic Mahabharata, in which several characters, such as Chitrāngadā, Ulupi, Babruvahana, and Iravan, are 'Manipuris'.The earliest references to Nagaland are found in the Indian epic Mahābhārata. Several characters from the region, such as Princess Ulupi and Prince Iravan, were referred to as Naga people in the epic.The word Naga is perhaps derived from Nag or belivers of snake god. The people were originally referred to as Chingmee (Hill People) or Hao (Tribes) in the history of Manipur.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NagalandUlupiUlūpī or Uloopi, in the Hindu epic Mahabharata, was one of Arjuna's wives. While Arjuna was in Manipur, the Naga princess became infatuated with him. She caused him to be abducted after he had been intoxicated with potent concoctions and had him conveyed to her realm in the netherworld. There, Ulūpī induced an unwilling Arjuna to take her for a wife. She was the mother of Iravan. She later restored Arjuna to the lamenting Chitrāngadā, one of Arjuna's other wives. She played a major part in the upbringing of Arjuna and Chitrangada's son, Babruvahana. She was also able to restore Arjuna to life after he was slain in battle by Babruvahana. When Arjuna was given a curse by the Vasus,Bheeshma's brothers after he killed Bheeshma in the Kurushtra war,She redeemed him Arjuna from his curse.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UlupiIravanIravat or Iravan (Sanskrit:इरवन), in the Hindu epic Mahabharata, was the son of Pandava prince Arjuna and Naga princess Ulupi. He fought on the side of the Pandavas in the Kurukshetra war and was killed by the Rakshasa Alumvusha on the eighth day of the war.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IravanFinally reaching the destination in Dimapur, he travelled to Hidimba kunda where the marriage of Bhima(ref. Maharharata) and Hidimba took place after killing Hidimba's demon brother. At the home of Hidimba there are still remains of large pillars with archeological significance.http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:tjdqX8VUnPcJ:btg.krishna.com/main.php%3Fid%3D295+Arjuna+kunda+manipur&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=inChitrangadaChitrāngadā (चित्रांगदा), in the Hindu epic Mahabharata, is one of Arjuna's wives. Arjuna travelled the length and breadth of India during his term of exile. His wanderings took him to ancient Manipur in the eastern Himalayas, an almost mystic kingdom renowned for its natural beauty. There, he met Chitrāngadā, the daughter of the king of Manipur, and was moved to seek her hand in marriage. Her father demurred on the plea that, according to the matrilineal customs of his people, the children born of Chitrāngadā were heir to Manipur; he could not allow his heirs to be taken away from Manipur by their father. Arjuna agreed to the stipulation that he would take away neither his wife Chitrāngadā nor any children borne by her from Manipur and wed the princess on this premise. A son, whom they named Babruvahana, was soon born to the couple. Babruvahana would succeed his grandfather as king of Manipur.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitr%C4%81ngad%C4%81BabruvahanaBabruvahana( or Babhruvahana) is one of the sons of Arjuna, begotten through Chitrangada, the princess of Manipur, during the period of his exile at Manipur.Babruvahana was adopted as the son of his maternal grandfather, and reigned at Manipur as his successor. He dwelt there in a palace of great splendour, surrounded with wealth and signs of power.When Arjuna went to Manipur with the horse intended for the Aswamedha, there was a quarrel between Arjuna and King Babhruvahana, and the latter killed his father with an arrow. Repenting of his deed, he determined to kill himself, but he obtained from his stepmother, the Naga princess Uloopi, a gem which restored Arjuna to life. He returned with his father to Hastinapura. [1]This was on account of a curse by the Vasus, on account of Arjuna's killing Bhishma (who is an incarnation of one of the Vasus) during the Mahabharata war.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BabruvahanaThe Mahabharata mentions that in the kingdom of Manipur, more than five thousand years ago, the prince Arjuna married the Manipuri princess Citrangada. Their son Babhruvahana ruled Manipur for a very long time. Though some scholars (of course) disagree, most scholars and adherents of the Vedic tradition identify that kingdom of Manipur with the present Manipur state.In the Srimad-Bhagavatam (9.22.32) it is said, sutayam babhruvahanam manipura-pateh so ’pi tat- putrah putrika-sutah: “By his wife the princess of Manipur, Arjuna had a son named Babhruvahana, who became the adopted son of the Manipuri king.”http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:tjdqX8VUnPcJ:btg.krishna.com/main.php%3Fid%3D295+Arjuna+kunda+manipur&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=inAncient history of Arunachal at Mahabharata eraMalinithan in Lekhabali and Rukhmininagar near Roing, place where Rukhmini, Lord Krishna's wife, used to live and Parshuram Kund in Lohit district, which is believed to be the lake where Parshuram washed away all his sinshttp://www.joy-travels.com/india_guide/arunachal-pradesh.asphttp://www.indiantemplesportal.com/arunachal-pradesh-temples.htmlParusharamParashuram Kund also finds its mention in many puranic texts in different ways. However, it is believed that ?Parashuram was born to saint Jamadagni and Rebuka in Treta.One day, Renuka, after her bath in Ganga was on her way back to the Ashram when she saw the Gandhrava King Chitraratha playing with the celestial nymphs. She felt drawn to the king chitraratha and lost the track of time.When she returned with wet cloths, frightened and absent minded, it was already time for the mid-day worship in the Ashram. Jamadagni, who was worried over the delay of her returning from her bath, could perceive why she waslate.Jamadgani then became so much furious for this unusual conduct of Renuka that he lost his self-controlled. He asked his father?s cruel mandate as a dutiful son. He came forward and killed his mother, as he was fully aware of his father?s power of Tapasya. He even killed his brothers because they did not carry out their father?s command.Here at this Kund, the legendary sage Purusharam gets atoned from his sin of matricide.http://www.kanglaonline.com/index.php?template=kshow&kid=89&RukamaniBhishmaknaar fortThe Dibang Valley lying to the extreme north of the state is close to the Chinese border. Tribal Discovery takes you to Roing a small town with the ancient Bhishmaknagar Fort excavated in 1996 revealing relics dating back to the 4th Century A.D. Built with bricks of clay and extending to 19 Sq.Kms it is believed to be the ancient kingdom of Bhismaka where Rukmani was given in marriage to Lord Krishna. Malinithan a small town has strong mythological links with Lord Krishna and his consort Rukmani.http://www.tribaldiscovery.com/destination-arunachal.htmAccording to traditional accounts Princess Rukmini birth in the family of Bhismaka. (Mahabharata Adi 67.156). Rukmini was the daughter of King Bhismaka of Kundil in Upper Assam. Bhismaka was the vassal of King Jarasandha of Magadha.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RukminiThe first known ruler of Assam was Mahiranga Danava of Danava dynasty, who was succeeded in turn, in the direct line by Hatakasur, Sambarsur and Ratnasur. After them there was a chief named Ghatakasur, the ruler of the Kiratas. He made Progjyotishpur (the modern Guwahati) his capital, and settled numerous Brahmans at Kamakhya. Narakasur was killed by Lord Krishna of Dwaraka. Narakasur's successor, Bhagadatta, figured in the Mahabharata war leading a vast army against the Pandavas.Sri Krishna frequently appears in Assam Mythology. Sri Krishna fought against king Bhismaka of Kundil (now Sadia) in his bid to marry Bhismaka's daughter Rukmini. Another king Banasura of Sonitpur (now Tezpur) fought against Sri Krishna, when Banasura's daughter Usha was secretly married to Anirudh, the grandson of Sri Krishna.http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:ByWrXdWtVYQJ:www.indiabook.com/india-information/assam.html+Bhismaka&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=4&gl=in

EvidenceArchaeological evidence (Dwaraka, River Saraswati),

inscriptions found at various places (Aihole, Belgaum, Nidhanpur)

Greek records (Megasthenes), etc. provide interesting clues to the dateline of the Mahabharat.

On one of the excavations obtained from the Egyptian Pyramid, dated to 3000 B.C, is found engraved a verse from the Bhagavad Geeta "vasanvsi jeernani yatha vihaya, navani ghrunnati naro parani" (Nava Bharat Times, 18-4-67).

A tablet found in the Mohenjodaro sites depicts Lord

Krishna and is dated to be 2600 B.C (Mackay's report, Part 1)

According to B.B. Lal, horse bones, vestiges of the Ashwamedh, have been discovered at Hastinapur.

Immense DestructionKrishna leaves his earthly abodeKaliyug descendsDwaraka submerged, Saraswati disappearsYadav peoples disperse to Europe

1500 years passHeavy Migration occurs (Maya in Mexico, Bheema in

Siberia)Bhagavad Geeta is sung

Pali and Brahmi scripts are developed

Yadus in the Middle East

The Yadavas were progressive, dynamic, and energetic people. They opened new vistas in every walk of life-music, dance, fine arts, archery, government, wrestling, breeding, scaling high peaks, inventing new device, discovering new ideologies, philosophies, etc. The contribution of these people to India in particular, and the world in general, immense...'

(Yadavas Throughout the Ages , Vol. II, pp. 7--8.)

Medieval Times(Post Mahabharat Era)

Mahaveer Jain Born near Pataliputra (Bihar)

Jaina tradition holds that Bhagawan Mahaveer (Vardhamaan) left this world 15 years after the death of Bhagawan Buddha (1807 B.C.), i.e., in 1792 B.C., and since Mahaveer lived for a span of 72 years, he must have been born in 1864 B.C.

He preached that right faith (samyak-darshana), right knowledge (samyak-jnana), and right conduct (samyak-charitra) together will help attain the liberation of one's self.

Nonviolence (Ahimsa), Truthfulness (Satya), Non-stealing (Asteya), Chastity (Brahmacharya), Non-attachment (Aparigraha)

1864 B.C.

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The spiritual power and moral grandeur of Mahavir's teachings impressed the masses. He made religion simple and natural, free from elaborate ritual complexities. His teachings reflected the popular impulse towards internal beauty and harmony of the soul. His message of nonviolence (Ahimsa), truth (Satya), non-stealing (Achaurya), celibacy (Brahma-charya), and non-possession (Aparigraha) is full of universal compassion. He said that, "A living body is not merely an integration of limbs and flesh but it is the abode of the soul which potentially has perfect perception (Anant-darshana), perfect knowledge (Anant-jnana), perfect power (Anant-virya), and perfect bliss (Anant-sukha)." Mahavir's message reflects freedom and spiritual joy of the living being. Mahavir was quite successful in eradicating from human intellect the conception of God as creator, protector, and destroyer. He also denounced the worship of gods and goddesses as a means of salvation. He taught the idea of supremacy of human life and stressed the importance of the positive attitude of life. Lord Mahavir also preached the gospel of universal love, emphasizing that all living beings, irrespective of their size, shape, and form how spiritually developed or under-developed, are equal and we should love and respect them. Jainism existed before Mahavir, and his teachings were based on those of his predecessors. Thus, unlike Buddha, Mahavir was more of a reformer and propagator of an existing religious order than the founder of a new faith. He followed the well established creed of his predecessor Tirthankara Parshvanath. However, Mahavir did reorganize the philosophical tenets of Jainism to correspond to his times. Lord Mahavir preached five great vows while Lord Parshva preached four great vows. In the matters of spiritual advancement, as envisioned by Mahavir, both men and women are on an equal footing. The lure of renunciation and liberation attracted women as well. Many women followed Mahavir's path and renounced the world in search of ultimate happiness. In a few centuries after Mahavir's nirvana, Jain religious order (Sangha) grew more and more complex. There were schisms on some minor points although they did not affect the original doctrines as preached by the Tirthankars. Later generations saw the introduction of ritualistic complexities which almost placed Mahavir and other Tirthankars on the throne of Hindu deities. Idol WorshipThe idols of twenty-four Tirthankaras in the temple are the same because they represent the quality and virtues of Tirthankaras not the physical body. However, at the bottom of each idol a unique symbol is placed to differentiate them. Lord Mahavir's idol is recognized by the symbol of a lion.

Gautam Buddha Siddhartha to Shuddhodana the king of

Kapilavastu (Nepal). Married to Yashodhara, who soon gave birth to a son who they called Rahul.

Gautam Siddharta was 23rd in the Ikshwaku lineage

Contemporary of Kshemajita, Bindusar and Ajatashatru, the 31st-33rd kings of the Shishunaga dynasty

Coronation of Ajatashatru tookplace, that is in 1814 B.C.

Astronomical calculations suggest Gautam Siddharta to be 2259 years after the Bharata War (3138 B.C.). which turns out to be 1880 B.C.

Born in 1887 B.C., Renunciation in 1858 B.C., Penance during 1858-52 B.C and Death in 1807 B.C.

Aarya-ashtangamarga (Eight-fold path)

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The Right Path and Immortality For 45 years, Buddha spread his message of a spiritual life. He did not believe in rituals but pointed to an 8 - fold path towards salvation - that of right speech, understanding, determination, deeds, efforts, awareness, thinking and living. According to Buddhism, by following this path one could overcome desires, which were the root cause of grief and misery.

Chandragupta Maurya•“Magadha” King

•Greek chronicles silent on the names of Chanakya, Bindusar (his son) and even Ashoka (his grandson)

•Shishunaga dynasty ruled for 360 years, beginning from 1994 B.C.

•Nanda dynasty was 100 years (Mahapadma Nanda)

•During this time dams were constructed on rivers for water storage and irrigation. Rainfall was measured. Silver coins were issued by the rulers to facilitate trade. (Earliest known coin is a coin issued by Ajatshatru.)

1534 B.C.

Aadi Shankaracharya•Kaladi, Kerala (Sivaguru, Aaryamba)

•Sri Govinda Bagawathpathar (Guru)

•Established 4 “Maths” (pilgrimage site and seat of learning )

•Jotirmath, Badrinath, Uttar Pradesh•Govardhana Matha, Puri, Orrisa•Sringeri Peetham, Shringeri, Karnatak, •Dwaraka Pitha, Dwaraka, Gujarat)

•Upholding the underlying unity of the holy land of Bharat.

•Lived for 32 years (Quem di diligunt, adolescens moratur -- Whom the gods love, die young)

509 B.C.

Alexander meets PuruKing Porus

Alexander Defeated

Returns to the West

Gupta DynastyGupta Dynasty

•Xandramas, Sandrocotus, Sandracyptus

•2811 years after the Mahabharata War, i.e., corresponding to 328 B.C.

•Sandrokotus of the Greeks, the political and social conditions in India at that time, match to those of in the era Chandragupta Gupta (not Maurya)

•"Golden Age" in the history of India •Art and architecture, polity and politics, wealth and wisdom flourished side by side.

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The rule of the Guptas is recorded as the "Golden Age" in the history of India, when all the facets of civilization, art and architecture, polity and politics, wealth and wisdom flourished side by side.

Cholas in South East Asia

Outbound Arya Migration

Myth of the Aryan Invasion (1500 B.C)

Cause a split between North and South, different castes, aboriginals

Justification to rule Bharat

Arya means noble, with good qualities (Rama, Krishna, Buddha, Chanakya)

Conintuous History and SpreadVedic culture had reached a state of supreme

high idealism Arya people wanted to propagate and share

with rest of the world From the original Sapta-Sindhu homeland, and

later, from the regions of Caspian Sea, the Vedics appear to have migrated across the globe

“Dravid” were the early offshoots of the Vedic people through Sage Agastya

Common history of humanity Commonality and affinity of the most ancient

languages with Sanskrit

TimelinesSwayambhuva Manu 29,000 B.C. Veda (early stages) 23,720 B.C. Samhita (Taitiriya) 22,000 B.C. Manu Chakshushu 17,500 B.C. King Pruthu 16,050 B.C. Manu Vaivasvata 14,000 B.C. Indra-Skanda dialogue (Mahabharat) 13,000

B.C.Glaciation period 8,000 B.C. Dasharadnya War 7,000 B.C. Ramayana 5,500 B.C. Orion period 4,000 B.C.

Timelines ContinuedGreeks separate 4,000 B.C. Rajatarangini begins 3,450 B.C. Gonanda-I of Kashmir 3,238 B.C. Mahabharata 3,138 B.C. Veda (last stages) 3,100 B.C. Saptarsi era begins 3,076 B.C. Saraswati-Sindhu Culture 3,000 B.C. Gautam Siddharta born 1,887 B.C. Gautam Siddharta Nirvana 1,807 B.C. Mahaveer Jain born 1,862 B.C.

Timelines ContinuedChandragupta Maurya 1,534 B.C. Ashoka Maurya 1,482 B.C. Ashoka Gonanda 1,448 B.C. Kanishka 1,294

B.C. Kumarila Bhatta 557 B.C. Vruddha Garga 550 B.C. Aadi Shankaracharya born 509 B.C. Harsha Vikramaditya 457 B.C. Shatkarani Gautamiputra 433 B.C.

Chandragupta Gupta 327 B.C. Shakari Vikramaditya 57 B.C. Shalivahan 78 A.D. Huen-Tsang 625 A.D. Kalhana (Kashmiri historian) 1,148 A.D

antiquity and continuity of vedic culture

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