Ž .Fitoterapia 71 2000 704]706

Short report

Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity ofTrapa bispinosa

M. Matiur Rahman, M. Ashik Mosaddik, Mir Imam IbneWahed, M. Ekramul HaqueU

Department of Pharmacy, Uni ersity of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Received 2 April 2000; accepted in revised form 30 May 2000

Abstract

The extracts of Trapa bispinosa showed interesting antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative test organisms and significant cytotoxic activity. Q 2000 ElsevierScience B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Trapa bispinosa; Antimicrobial activity; Cytotoxicity

Ž . w x w xPlant. Trapa bispinosa Roxb. Trapaceae 1 , a floating aquatic herb 2 found togrow wild, whole plants were collected from the marsh land of Amnura of RajshahiDistrict, Bangladesh, in November 1996 and identified by Prof. A.T.M. Naderuzza-man, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi where a voucher specimen hasbeen deposited.

w xUses in traditional medicine. The acrid juice is used for diarrhea and dysentery 3 .The fruits are used as intestinal astringent, aphrodisiac and anti-inflammatory, and

w xin leprosy, urinary discharges, fractures, sore throat, bronchitis, and anemia 4,5 .

w xPreviously isolated classes of constituents. Ascorbic acid 6 , amylase and amy-w xlopectin 7 from the fruit.

ŽTested material. Successive MeOH, EtOAc, CHCl and petroleum ether yields:3

U Corresponding author.Ž .E-mail address: rajucc@citechco.net M. Ekramul Haque .

0367-326Xr00r$ - see front matter Q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Ž .PII: S 0 3 6 7 - 3 2 6 X 0 0 0 0 2 2 6 - 4

( )M. Matiur Rahman et al. r Fitoterapia 71 2000 704]706 705

Table 1Antimicrobial activity of Trapa bispinosa extracts

Ž .Bacteria Diameter of the zone of inhibition mm

CHCl extract EtOAc extract MeOH extract Kanamycin3Ž . Ž . Ž . Ž .200 mgrdisc 200 mgrdisc 200 mgrdisc 30 mgrdisc

Gram positiveBacillus subtilis 9 9 13 15B. cereus 8 10 11 13B. megaterium 8 15 14 16Staphylococcus aureus 9 12 13 14St. b-haemoliticus ] ] 10 14

Gram negativeEscherichia coli 9 14 13 16Klebsiella sp. 11 9 12 15Pseudomonas 9 13 12 16

aeruginosaShigella dysenteriae 12 10 14 15Sh. flexneri 10 11 11 12Sh. shiga 10 9 10 13Sh. sonnei 8 10 9 12Sh. boydii 9 12 10 15Salmonella typhi-A 8 14 12 15Sa. typhi-B-56 8 13 11 16

], no inhibition.

.11.9, 3.09,1.62 and 2.06%, respectively Soxhlet extracts from the air-dried wholeplants. Petroleum ether and CHCl extract gave positive tests for steroids, EtOAc3

w xand MeOH extracts for glycosides and flavonoids, respectively 8,9 .

w xStudied activity. Antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method 10]12 . Cytotoxic-Ž . w xity Artemia salina Brine shrimp lethality 13 .

Used organisms. Listed in Table 1.

Ž . Ž .Results. Reported in Table 1 antimicrobial activity and Table 2 cytotoxicity .

Table 2Cytotoxicity of Trapa bispinosa extracts

2Extracts LC 95% Confidence limits Regression equation x value50Ž . Ž .ppm ppm

CHCl 7.43 5.94]9.30 Y s 3.35 q 1.65 X 2.873EtOAc 14.14 12.21]16.38 Y s 2.65 q 2.03 X 3.65MeOH 12.74 9.00]18.02 Y s 3.31 q 1.52 X 9.75

w xGallic acid 14 4.53 3.33]6.15 Y s 3.93 q 1.62 X 1.25

( )M. Matiur Rahman et al. r Fitoterapia 71 2000 704]706706

Conclusions. Among the tested extracts of Trapa bispinosa, the MeOH extractshowed the more potent antimicrobial activity, while most significant cytotoxicactivity was found in CHCl extract. Petroleum ether extract showed neither3antimicrobial nor cytotoxic activity. These findings may lend support to the tradi-tional use of this plant in diarrhea and dysentery.

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