anti biotic

7/30/2019 Anti biotic.

1/12

Effects, symptoms of overdose,

mode of action


2/12

Antibiotics Introduction

Antibiotics are among the most frequently prescribedmedications in modern medicine. Antibiotics cure diseaseby killing or injuring bacteria. The first antibiotic waspenicillin, discovered accidentally from a mold culture.Today, over 100 different antibiotics are available to cureminor, as well as life-threatening infections.

Although antibiotics are useful in a wide variety of infections,it is important to realize that antibiotics onlytreatbacterialinfections. Antibiotics are useless againstviral infections (for example, the common cold) and fungalinfections (such asringworm .)Your doctor can bestdetermine if an antibiotic is right for your condition.
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=53352http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=53352http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=53352


3/12

How do antibiotics work?

Although there are a number of different types of

antibiotic they all work in one of two ways:

A bactericidal antibiotic kills the bacteria.

Penicillin is a bactericidal. A bactericidal usuallyeither interferes with the formation of the

bacterium's cell wall or its cell contents.

A bacteriostatic stops bacteria from multiplying.


4/12


5/12

Types of AntibioticsAlthough there are well over 100 antibiotics,

the majority come fromonly a few types ofdrugs. These are the main classes of

antibiotics: Penicillins such as penicillin andamoxicillin

Cephalosporins such as cephalexin

Macrolides such as erythromycin

Fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin Tetracyclines such as tetracycline

Aminoglycosides such asgentamicin
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=102046http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=102433http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=102774http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=102507http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=101913http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=102964http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=102964http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=101913http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=102507http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=102774http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=102433http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=102046


6/12


7/12

Side Effects of Antibiotics

Antibiotics may have side effects. Some of the more commonside effects may include:

Soft stools ordiarrhea

Mild stomach upset

You should notify your doctor if you have any of thefollowing side effects:

Vomiting

Severe watery diarrhea and abdominal cramps

Allergic reaction (shortness of breath, hives, swelling oflips, face, or tongue, fainting)

Rash Vaginal itching ordischarge

White patches on the tongue
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=59276http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=59281http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=59357http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=101047http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=105575http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=105575http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=101047http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=59357http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=59281http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=59276


8/12


9/12

Mode of administration

Oral antibacterials are orally ingested,

whereasintravenousadministration may

be used in more serious cases[citation

needed ], such as deep-seatedsystemicinfections .Antibiotics may also sometimes

be administeredtopically ,as witheye

dropsorointments .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravenoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_infectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_infectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_drophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_drophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ointmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ointmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_drophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_drophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_infectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_infectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravenous


10/12


11/12

Symptoms of over use

If antibiotics are overused or used incorrectly there is achance that the bacteria will become resistant - theantibiotic becomes less effective against that type ofbacterium .

A broad-spectrum antibiotic can be used to treat a wide

range of infections. A narrow-spectrum antibiotic is onlyeffective against a few types of bacteria. There areantibiotics that attack aerobic bacteria, while others workagainst anaerobic bacteria. Aerobic bacteria need oxygen,while anaerobic bacteria don't .

Antibiotics may be given beforehand, to prevent infection,as might be the case before surgery. This is called'prophylactic' use of antibiotics. They are commonly usedbefore bowel and orthopedic surgery .


12/12

anti biotic

Documents