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AROREA HISTORICAL VILLAGE OF INDUSVALLEY 

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Contents

Chapter# 01

1.1 Purpose of Research

1.2 Statement of Problem

1.3 Objective of the Study

1.4 Introduction

1. !istory

1." !istorical #isastor

1.$ %ror& Rohri& Su''ur

1.( Si)ni*cance of the Study

1.+ Research ,ethodolo)y

1.+.1 Raport -stablishment

1.+.2 Participant observation

1.+.3 ocus /roup #iscussion

1.+.4 0ensus Survey orm

1.+. ey Informatn

1.+." Intervies

1.+.$ nstructred Intervie

1.+.( In #epth Intervies

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1.+.+ he 0ase Study

1.15 6on 7erbal ,echanical %ids

1.15.1 0amera and Photo)raphy

1.15.2 ield 6otes

1.15.3 #aily #iary

1.15.4 #ata %nalysis

1.11 Revie of the 8iterature

1.12 8ocale

Chapter# 02

2.1 Introduction

2.2 !istory of 7illa)e %rore

2.3 !istorical #isastor

2.4 amily System

2. 0aste System

2." 8an)ua)es

2.$ acilities

2.$.1 -lectricity

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2.$.2 Sui /as

2.$.3 Roads

2.$.40ommunication

2.$. ,edical acilities

2.( #iseases& illness and reatment ,ethods

2.+ Political System of the villa)e

2.+.1 Political 9ac')round of the villa)e

2.+.2 Political Structure

2.+.3 :ud)ment

2.15 he ays of interaction

2.11 ,anners of %polo)y

2.12 !ouse Structure

2.13 Physical eatures

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!rpose

 he basic purpose of this research is to submit thesis of%nthropolo)y department of Sindh niversity :amshoro& and other

purpose is mentioned belo

•  o *nd the historical bac')round of villa)e %rore& aul'a

Rohri& #ist. Su''ur Sindh Pa'istan.

•  o 'no the life style of the people livin) there.

•  o 'no that hy this villa)e is famous.

•  o 'no the 8ocal 0ulture of the villa)e

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STATE"ENT OF ROLE"

 here is less or' done re)ardin) culture of rural sindh in

anthroplo)ical prespe& so there is an e;ort in this or' hich studies

culture of one villa)e in systematic ay. he cultural problems people

face in villa)es are presented in this study.

O$%e&t'(es)

1. o record the history of the villa)e

2. o document the belief& rites and rituals of the community

3. o *nd out educational pull and push factors

4. -<plore the -conomic system

. -cplore the political structure of the villa)e.

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INTRODUCTION

Arore *A+ore* Aror

  Prior to the invasion by the %rabs in %# $13& Sindh as ruled by a !indu

dynasty hose 0apital as at %rore =or %lor& %rore& %l Rur>& a lar)e city on

the ban's of the Indus& also 'non as the ,ehran. he boundaries of this

'in)dom e<tended up to ashmir in the north& ,e'ran in the south& and

andhar in the est. Prior to this Rai Siharas =%# 1?5> as the best?

'non 'in) of this dynasty. he Persian army attac'ed Sindh in %# "2"&

durin) the rei)n of Rai Siharas II& defeatin) his forces. he 'in) as 'illed but

the Persians ere recalled because of an attac' from the est on their

domains. !is successor& Rai Sahasi& as a )ood and ise rule.%bout *ve

miles south?east of Rohri and close to the -astern 6ara supply canal is the

small villa)e of %rore& %ror or %lore& comprisin) a fe hundred inhabitants. It

stands upon part of hat as the capital of Sindh more than a thousand

years a)o. In the description of ancient %lore )iven in the 0hach 6amah& e

are told that it as a ton adorned ith various 'inds of royal buildin)s&

villas& )ardens& fountains& streams& meados& and trees and as situated on

the ban' of the River ,ehran. In this beautiful and splendid city& there lived a

'in) hose name as Sahiras& son of Sahasi Rai. his 'in) had innumerable

riches and thin'in) as ell?'non in the orld. he limits of his dominions

e<tended east to the boundary of ashmir& est to ,a'ran& to the south to

the sea?coast and #ebal& and to the appointed four )overnors =,ali's> in his

'in)dom.In the rei)n of :am ateh han =%# 1412@13?2(> =predecessor of :am

 u)hlaA Shah& son of Si'ander>& %lore as a par)anah )iven to one Syed%bdul /hias. %t the time of the conAuest of Sindh by the %rabs under

,uhammad 9in Basim in %# $11& %lore as the capital of Sindh and the

residence of in) #ahir. he %rabs made their capital at ,ansurah& and %lore

e<isted for more than to centuries as a !indu ton. It then disappeared.

 he le)end of in) #alurai of 9rahmanabad )ives an account of its fate. he

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bric's of the ancient fort of %lore ere utiliCed in repairin) the fort alls of

9u''ur hen Shah 9e) %r)hun decided to ma'e 9u''ur his capital.%t a short

distance belo the

hill to the south?

est of the villa)e

Persian inscription

of ,ir ,uhammad

,asoom dated

%!155( =%#1++>

as set up in the

dried?up bed of the

river to mar' its

ancient course. his

stone has been

removed and lod)ed

in ,oen jo daro

,useum for safe?

'eepin) =a similar stone has been set up by this riter at the same place>.

 here are also the tombs of to Syeds. Sha'er /anj Shah and hatal ud

#in=or Butb Shah>D the former is said to have been a contemporary and

friend of 8al ShahbaC Balandar& hose tomb is at Sehan. here is an annual

fair in his honour. here is also a fair held annually in September in honour of 

al'a ,ata hich is attended by !indus. 6othin) is 'non of the ori)in of the

fair and& save for the insi)ni*cant little villa)e& the site is no a ilderness.

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-ducationE

There is a better education system at Union Council Arore as compare to surrounding

villages, There are Four Government Schools (Primary School, Middle School, Girls School,

and Girls art and Design School and One Private School (Muhammad !in "asim Public

School as #ell$

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Girls education is also given priority there, Girls can study #ith their #ill, Parents encourage

their daughters to go to School and get education %or their bright %uture$

&ach year the literacy rate is also increasing, so this is the evidence to sho# the Good &ducation

system o% 'illage Arore$

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Caste an, Fa-'+. S.ste-

n 'illage arore there are so many %amilies having di%%erent caste and language living, but

the good thing is that they all live #ith peace and unity #ith each other$

The populous caste living there is Buriro, but the most in%luential caste there is Banga, Memon,

Syed, Bhatti, Sirohi and Chandia.

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Lan/!a/es)There are so many S#eet languages o% Pa)istan are spo)en at Arore$ i$e,

Sindhi, Sirai)i, !alochi, Pan*abi, Urdu$ The most common language is Sindhi, all

 people spea) Sindhi +aguage$

Fest'(a+s)There are so many %estivals are organied at 'illage Arore, %or the entertainment

 puropose, e$g Kalkan jo Mailo, Shah Shakar Ganj Jo Mailo, Rohal Fakeer jo Mailo, Peer

Badal Sher jo Mailo, Noor Shah Bhit Jo Mailo and others$

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OULATION)

Around -.,... people are living in Union Council Arore$ The most Populous caste is

Buriro, Syed, Shaikh, Sirohi, khakheli, Balo!h, "rain, Memon and Banga.

SORTS)There many sports games are played in 'illage Arore, li)e, Cri!ket, #olley Ball, Kodi

Kodi, Malh, Bull Ra!e, Kukur Mel, Chidda Rand, $aa Rand.

There are so many %estivals are organied at Arore, in these %estivals, Kodi Kodi, Malh

Malakhro and other sports games are played$

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E&ono-'& S.ste-)

As the &conomy is the

 bac)bone o% the county, li)e the

same #ay Arore is also contributing

in economy o% Pa)istan$

The ma*or contribution is

%rom the Date Palm !usiness, and

/ill cutting and supply in other

cities o% Sindh and Pa)istan$

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A/r'&!+t!re o ('++a/e arore)

As Agriculture is the ma*or sector o% Pa)istan, li)e the same #ay in Arore there is much

contribution o% Agriculture$

The ma*or Crops are %ate Palm, &heat, Banana, Ri!e, Cotton, Sugar !ane and others$

H'stor.

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%ror is the ancestral ton of the %rora caste. %ccordin) to the 9havishya

Purana& Parshuram attac'ed the shatriyas but eventually met one ho

refused to oppose the 9rahmins. his caused Parshuram to )ain

respect for him and as a result Parshuram as'ed this

shatriya to settle in Sind& in

%ror'ot. his shatriyaFs

descendants ere named after

the place

%rab historians used the ords %l?

rur& %l?ruhr and %l Ror to describe

%ror.GH he basic meanin) bein)he Ror as F%lF is simply

the -n)lish ord FheF in

%rabic. %ror as the

ancient capital of

Sindh& ori)inally

ruled by the Ror #ynasty& hich as folloed by Rai #ynasty and then the

9rahman #ynasty. ,odern Rohri is no situated close to Su''ur& Sindh. In

$11& %ror as captured by the army of ,uslim )eneral ,uhammad bin

Basim. In +"2 it as hit by a massive earthAua'e that chan)ed the course of

the Indus RiverG"H

 %s %le<ander approached the vicinity of present?day Su''ur& he as much

impressed by the fertility of the land. his as Jthe richest GcountryH in

IndiaK& his historian %rrian tells us. earin) for the safety of his life and

'in)dom& in) ,usicanus made an overture for peace& resultantly retainin)

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the throne ith %le<ander enterin) the city as )uest rather than victor. he

conAueror& %rrian asserts& as all admiration for the country and capital city

and ordered for its citadel to be stren)thened so that a /ree' )arrison could

be left behind to 'eep atch on nei)hbourin) tribes.

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HISTORICAL DISASTOR

%nother /ree' historian ould have us believe that the land as so rich and

fertile and its produce so healthful and abundant that people ordinarily lived

to a)es ell beyond 155 years. hou)h such lon)evity is doubtful& the

fertility of the

land is believableE

e 'no from

9ritish travellers

of the early 1+th

century that

durin) summer

Loods& the Indus

in this vicinity

spread from its

bed over 35

'ilometres

beteen Su''urand Rohri all the

ay up to

Shi'arpur and 8ar'ana.

6aturally& hen the alluvium?rich ater receded& it left behind vast&

e<tremely fertile farmland that led to the cityMs prosperity. he ae

notithstandin)& %le<anderMs historians did not leave a name of the capital

city or its district. Ne had to ait 1555 years to hear it from the %rabs. Nhen

they arrived in Rore& the second rM bein) palatal& they called it %l?Rore&

accordin) to their usa)e. orever after& the name of this )reat city of Sindh

remained %ror.

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0hachnama& a 13th century history of the %rab conAuest of Sindh based on

an earlier account& a<es lyrical about %rorE JIt as a ton adorned ith

various 'inds of royal buildin)s& villas& )ardens& fountains& streams& meados

and trees and as situated on the ban's of a river called the ,ehran

GIndusH.K Surrounded by a defensive all& %ror occupied the Lat hilltop.

9elo& alon) the riverban'& stretchin) in both directions ere farmlands&

pleasure )ardens and the houses of the elite. -ven in the (th century& hen

the ori)inal version as ritten& the boo' told us of the ealth beyond

measure oned by this onderful country.

8i'e %le<ander& the %rabs too did not attempt to lay this ma)ni*cent city lo.

or three decades after the conAuest& they loved and cherished it and

maintained its status as the capital city of Sindh& addin) to it in their on

fashion. 9ut in the year $44& the %rabs moved the capital south to another

ancient ton. 6evertheless& %ror as not abandoned and became the seat of 

the )overnor of pper Sindh.

6ature did not permit this to last very lon)& unfortunately. In about the year

+"5& a cataclysmic earthAua'e altered the course of the river. Of a sudden&

the Indus left its bed belo %ror and be)an Loin) some si< 'ilometres to

the est. 9ereft of its ater& %rorMs fountains ceased to play& its streams ran

dry and )ardens ithered aay. Nith its only ater for domestic use )one&

the city as soon abandoned by its inhabitants and passed out of human

memory. Only its name as retained by a nondescript little villa)e that )re

in its stead& a far and modest cry from the )lorious ori)inal.

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AROR* ROHRI* SUUR

Some maintain that Rohri too' its name ith the diminutive endin) for %ror&

for that is the place to hich repaired the population of the abandoned city.

9ut e 'no that over the ne<t several centuries after it as abandoned& the

bric's of %ror ere bein) freely plundered and used as buildin) material by

the citiCens of Rohri and nearby villa)es. In fact& as modern tourists re)ard

the no erodin) ramparts of 9ha''ar ort on the island beteen Su''ur and

Rohri& fe 'no that its 'iln?*red bric's& brou)ht in the 125s& ere once

part of %rorMs buildin)s.

HO AND HEN AROR AS RECOGNI3ED)

Of all ancient lost cities& %ror as perhaps the easiest to identify. In 1(3$&

e<plorer :ohn Nood reco)niCed it and made a passin) reference. 9ut it as

!enry 0ousens& architectural historian and antiAuarian& ho rote in 1+24&J%bout *ve miles south by east of Rohri ... is the present small villa)e of %lor

or %ror& of a fe hundred inhabitants& hich stands upon part of the site of

the old capital of Sind of more than a thousand years a)o.K

 ime as hen the hill on hich the ruins of once?celebrated %ror stood as

liberally scattered ith shards of blue?)reen )laCed pottery from the %rab

period& *red bric's and millions of stone tools from more than 155 millennia

earlier. Over time& enthusiastic visitors scaven)ed hat they found. 9ut even

as these unittin) plunderers despoiled this rich historical site& no or)aniCed

e<cavation and study as carried out. oday& the indsept hilltop of

bleached hite limestone is littered only ith millions of shattered bric's but

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rarely ith any pottery favoured by the %rabs.

 he site is unmista'ableE the Lat?topped hill ith its bro'en bric's and belo

it to the south the old bed of the Indus mar'ed by a ide sathe of

e<ceptionally fertile land cau)ht beteen to lines of limestone hills. %nd the

le)end related even today is true to formE the pious man of /od and his

youn) dau)hter sailin) don the river are reported to the evil 'in) of %ror.

!e plans to intercept the boat as it passes belo the ramparts of his forti*ed

city and ma'e the beautiful youn) oman part of his harem.

 he plot becomes 'non to the holy man. !e prays for deliverance and&

miraculously& the river shifts course. %ror is abandoned and the boat bearin)

father and dau)hter passes safely beyond the 'in)Ms evil reach.

RUINS AT AROR) oday& %ror has only to ruinsE the )ateay and mehrab of the mosAue built

by the %rabs in the (th century and a sin)le bric' all that as once part of

an 1(th?century mosAue that *nally collapsed in the rainstorms of 2511.

Other than that& the secrets of %ror lie deep beneath for the time bein)& at

least. So they ill remain until a dedicated e;ort is made to learn more of

the -den of Sindh that so daCCled the /ree's and %rabs.

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AROR IS

ONE OF THE

FA"OUS

LAN"ARS

OF INDUSVALLEY)

Interior Sindh is better 'non for its fertile Indus basin and sand dunes on

the eastern border ith India. 9ut there is a ran)e of hills hich in a ay

se)re)ate both re)ions. hese limestone formations can be found in Rohri

and hairpur districts& thou)h these are inhabited scarcely & there are

freAuent tourists visitin) a fe famous landmar's& hich include shrines&

temples and the famous ot #iji fort located in hairpur.

 hese hills ere not as barren alays& youFll *nd traces of old river channels

most notably fe 'ilometers east of Rohri& here the city of %ror once stood

ith its pomp and )lory. It as the seat of poer hen ,uhammad 9in

Basim conAuered Sindh.

ALAN DEVI "ANDAR

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!oever it as destroyed by a poerful earthAua'e in +"2 %# and it is

believed that the same earthAua'e chan)ed the course of Indus& shiftin) the

fortunes of the area once and for all.

 he survivin) structures ere lost one by one and only fe arches of a

mosAue& believed to be built on the orders of ,uhammad bin Basim& stand

as testimony of the by)one era.

!avin) said that& there are places hich one should not miss in the

abandoned city of %ror. he *rst and foremost bein) the temple of al'aan

#evi in a natural cave.

al'aan #evi ,andir& is one of the holiest shrines for !indus in Pa'istan.

%ccordin) to the le)end al'aan #evi appeared here durin) her !in)laj

yatra.

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"UHA""AD IN 4ASI" ULIC SCHOOL

 his can be accessed via Rohri bypass. rom J,uhammad bin Basim Public SchoolK in

%ror& you need to turn left and drive for to or three 'ms before you *nd the road endin)

at the temple. -ven on a or'in) day you ill *nd families visitin) the temple.

HINDU FESTIVALS AT AROR),any rooms have been built around the ori)inal temple in the cave& some for

prayin) and others for accommodatin) visitors ho Loc' in thousands at the

time of !indu festivals.

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rom one of the room is the entrance to the cave hich is hardly *ve to si<

feet hi)h. he Loor is tiled but you need to atch your head. here are to

tunnels hich accordin) to the careta'er connect the cave ith the temple in

!in)laj. Ne loo'ed inside into the hole hich could barely *t a person.

 he smell and the smo'e of a)arbatis =incense>& created a mystic aura

around the area. he priest as sittin) on a stone platform and there it asD

the idol of the *erce al'aan #evi ith a da))er in one hand and a chopped

head in the other.

Past the priest you can see a second tunnel. ,ove ahead and you ill enter

the Samdhi. Ne sat there ith the priest for a cup of tea hich as ay too

seet for ton bred people.

A "OS4UE UILT AT "OUND)

5CONSTRUCTED ON THE ORDER OF "UHA""AD IN

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4ASI"6

%t a fe minuteMs drive from the temple& there are the remnants of

the mosAue built on a mound. It as constructed on theorders of ,uhammad 9in Basim

as si)n of his authority after

defeatin) Raja #ahirMs son.

Sadly only fe arches have

survived but to our surprise&

there ere fe prayin) mats

and a spea'er installed at the top&

indicatin) that the

mosAue is very muchactive.

 here is a small structure built on the top hich probably serves as a

mosAue. he vie from the top is breathta'in)& loo'in) into the emptiness of 

%ror on one hand and verdant )reen *elds fueled by the panacean ater of

Indus on the other side. he place could be a )reat campin) site but the fear

remains on unstable security situation in the area and people prefer to )o

bac' before the sunset. his area has seen a lot of conLict in past and itcontinues into the present.

Ne sat there in silence& hearin) the stories hispered by the faint ind into

the vastness of %ror landscape. It as Auiet and all e could hear as the

tin'lin) bells of herd )oin) bac' to their farms in distance. Ne could see the

dim Lic'erin) li)ht of the lamps hich ere lit as soon as the sun set in the

est. I remembered a friend tellin) me that one only *nds loneliness in cities

and not the solitude. 6o onder a lot of saints pic'ed up various spots in thislandscape as their eternal abodes.

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Rohr'

Rohri (Sindhi:    7رو ), (Urdu: ی  رو ), (medievally Aror ) is a town of Sukkur

District, Sindh province, Pakistan. t is located at !"#$%&'% '#*$&%+, !- on the east ank of

the ndus /iver . /ohri town is the administrative head0uarters of /ohri 1aluka, a tehsil ofSukkur District2- with which it forms a metropolitan area.

Rohri city that has one hundred and *fteen

thousand

0ohri city that has one hundred and %i%teen thousand saints and canonises is one o% the ancient

city in Sindh$ &arly ages it is called 'ohri to be subse1uently changed Rohri %ound details in

Sindh Gaette$ The city is situated near ndus 0iver$ 0eligious Moh Mubara) hair o( 

Beard o% )a*rat Mohammad +P.B..)-to get a huge importance and honored is placed in &ar

Muarak  near /ndu Ri0er as #ell$ )a*rat /mam )uain a. taoot is )no#n as 2arbala

Moallah 3oh dhaal (1 Shield #as placed in Iraqmosque in early ages and subse1uently to be

 placed in Karala moallah and is mourned in 4th night inRohri city %rom Karabala moallah

domain$ Secondly #ish to give you more in%ormation about 0ohri city that the Temple

o% )a*rat "li a. and )eep open %or %ollo#ers to do ziarat  and is mourned on 5-st 0amadan$

/ere is temple o% )a*arat /mam "li a. to be very important place #here %ollo#ers come %or 

spiritual and religious %aith, )no#n as Naja(  temple but as taboot and imam barga %ounder Syed

6a#ar /ussain 0ivi tells its real name "*akhana e Naja(i %rom #here taboot e Ali a$s to be

appeared on 5-st 0amadan$ A number o% historical mos1ues and to#ns are in the city$ The capital

o% 0ohri #hose old name"lhor and no# )no#n as "ror that is appeared on map o% Sindh

having saved its rest o% territory stated a bit %ar %rom 0ohri$ There is one more point can be

visited is )no#n as Sateean *o astaan (seven sisters and most o% very %amous and attracted

 bridge named +ansdo#n bridge Rohri Pul$ A t#enty %our hours cro#ed place in 0ohri is

)no#n Rohri tation a lot o% hotels and guest room are available outside station$ 'ery important

ancient streets, roundabouts and neighbors are historical places at #here historical people #ho

are the rest o% history and a very honorable %ollo#ing 0esidential in 0ohri are Syed %amily, "ai

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7amily, A)hound 7amily, Mu)hdom 7amily, Paloty 7amily, Memon 7amily, Pehbha 7amily ,

Mehar 7amily, !hatti 7amily , !aloch 7amily, Soomra 7amily and Shai)h 7amily$

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!istory

 Aror  was the ancient capital of Sindh, ori3inally ruled y the /or Dynasty. 4odern /ohri is

situated ad5acent to Sukkur, Sindh. n "66 AD, Aror was captured y the army of 4uslim

3eneral 4uhammad 7in 8asim. n 9'! it was hit y a massive earth0uake that chan3ed the

course of the ndus /iver.

0limate

/ohri has a hot desert climate (;ppen climate classification BWh) with e<tremely hot

summers and mild winters. /ohri is very dry, with the little rain it receives mostly fallin3 in

the monsoon season from =uly to Septemer.

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Rohri :unction railay station

Rohri Junction railway station (Urdu: نش اس   لر نشک ی رو

ے ) is located

in /ohri town, Sukkur district of Sindh province of the Pakistan. t is a ma5or railway station

of Pakistan /ailways and the 5unction of arachi>Peshawar 4ain ?ine and /ohri@

8uetta railway line.!- t is the stop of all +<press trains.

1he station is staffed and has advance and current reservation offices. ood stalls are also

located on it platforms.

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Tra'n ro!tes

1he routes are /ohri from linked

to arachi, ?ahore, /awalpindi, Peshawar , 8uetta, 4ultan, aisalaad, Sar3odha, =han3,B

yderaad, Sukkur , /ahim Car

han, 7ahawalpur , u5r at, u5ranwala, hanewal, awashah, ?arkana, Sii, Attoc

k andowshera

Train

services from Rohri

Jned it-

!rain

"a#$

!rain

%o&$'tations

 Allama

0al

+<press

9 UP,

6%

D

arachi Eantt, Byderaad =n, awashah, 4ehrapur , Rohri

Jn, Sadi0aad, /ahim Car

han,hanpur , 7ahawalpur , =ehanian, hanewal =n, Sahiwal, Fkara

Eantt, Pattoki, ot /adha ishen,/aiwind =n, ot ?akhpat, ?ahore

=n, Shahdara

7a3h, aran3, 7addomalhi, arowal, Pasrur ,Ehawinda, Sialkot

 Awam

+<press

62

UP,

arachi Eantt, ?andhi, =un3shahi, =himpir , otri =n, Byderaad

=n, 1ando Adam, Shahdadpur ,awashah, Pad dan, 7hiria

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6$

D

/oad, 4ehrapur , Sethar5a, /anipur , amat, hairpur , Rohri

Jn,Pano Akil, hotki, 4irpur 4athelo, Daharki, Sadi0aad, /ahim

Car han, hanpur , ?ia0uatpur , Dera awa Sahi, Samasata

=n, 7ahawalpur , Shu5aad, 4ultan Eantt, hanewal

=n, Ehichawatni,Sahiwal, Fkara Eantt, Pattoki, ot /adha

ishan, /aiwand =n, ot ?akhpat, ?ahore =n, u5ranwala,GaHiraad

=n, u5rat, ?ala 4usa =n, harian Eantt, =helum, u5ar han, Ehak

?ala, /awalpindi,1a<ila =n, Basan Adal, Attock =n, =han3ira

/oad, owshera =n, Peshawar Eity, Peshawar Eantt

7ahauddin

Iakaria

+<press

!*

UP,

!'

D

arachi Eity, arachi Eantt, ?andhi =n, =un3shahi, otri

=n, Byderaad =n, 1ando

 Adam,Shahdadpur , awashah, Daur , 4ehrapur , Rohri

Jn, Sadi0aad, /ahim Car han, hanpur =n,Dera awa

Sahi, Samasata =n, 7ahawalpur , ?odhran =n,

ilawala, Shu5aad, 4ultan Eantt

areed

+<press

2"

UP,

2

D

arachi Eity, arachi Eantt, Dri3h /oad, ?andhi, otri =n, Byderaad

=n, 1ando Adam, Rohri Jn,Sadi0aad, /ahim Car

han, hanpur , ?ia0atpur , Samasata, 7ahawalpur , ?odhran

=n, 4ailsi,Jehari, Arifwala, Pakpattan, asur , /aiwind =n, ot

?akhpat, Galton, ?ahore Eantt, ?ahore =n

BaHara

+<press

66

UP,

6!

D

arachi Eity, arachi Eantt, Dri3h /oad, ?andhi =n, otri

=n, Byderaad =n, 1ando Adam,awashah, Pad dan, 7hiria

/oad, 4ehrapur =n, Rohri Jn, Pano Akil, 4irpur

4athelo, Sadi0aad,/ahim Car han, hanpur =n, ?ia0uatpur , Deraawa Sahi, Samasata =n, 7ahawalpur , Shu5aad,4ultan Eantt, 

/iaHaad, hanewal =n, Shorkot Eantt =n, =han3

Sadar , Sillanwali, Shaheenaad =n,Sar3odha =n, 7halwal, 4alakwal

=n, 4andi 7ahauddin, ?ala 4usa =n, =helum, u5ar

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han,/awalpindi, 1a<ila =n, Baripur BaHara, Bavelian

=affar

+<press

29

UP,

$%

D

8uetta, olpur , 4ach, Aa@e@3um, Sii =n, 7akhtiaraadDomki, Dera 4urad =amali, Dera Allah Car ,=acoaad

=n, Shikarpur , Sukkur , Rohri Jn, Sadi0aad, /ahim Car

han, 7ahawalpur , 4ultan Eantt,hanewal =n, Sahiwal, Fkara

Eantt, /aiwind =n, ?ahore =n, u5ranwala, GaHiraad

=n, u5rat,?alamusa =n, =helum, /awalpindi

arachi+<press

6*

UP,6'

D

arachi Eantt, Byderaad =n, Rohri Jn, 7ahawalpur , 4ultanEantt, Sahiwal, /aiwind =n, ?ahore =n

arakoram

+<press

$6

UP,

$!

D

arachi Eantt, Byderaad =n, awashah, Rohri Jn, hanewal

=n, aisalaad, ?ahore =n

hyer

4ail

6 UP,

! D

arachi Eantt, ?andhi, Byderaad =n, awashah, hairpur , Rohri

Jn, Pano Akil, hotki, 4irpur 4athelo, Daharki, Sadi0aad, /ahim

Car han. hanpur , ?ia0uatpur , Dera awa Sahi, Samasata

=n, 7ahawalpur , ?odhran =n, Shu5aad, 4ultan Eantt, hanewal

=n, 4ian Ehannun, Ehichawatni,Sahiwal, Fkara

Eantt, Pattoki, /aiwind =n, ot ?akhpat, ?ahore

=n, u5ranwala, GaHiraad =n,u5rat, ?ala 4usa

=n, =helum, /awalpindi, Attock city =n, =han3ira

/oad, owshera, Peshawar Eity,Peshawar Eantt

4illat

+<press

6"

UP,

arachi Eantt, Byderaad =n, Rohri Jn, 7ahawalpur , hanewal

=n, Shorkot Eantt =n, 1oa 1ek Sin3h, aisalaad, Ehak =humra

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6

D=n, Ehiniot, Shaheenaad =n, Sar3odha =n

i3ht

Eoach

+<press

$2

UP,

$$

D

arachi Eantt, Byderaad =n, awashah, Rohri

Jn, 7ahawalpur , 4ultan Eantt, aisalaad, ?ahore =n

Pak

7usiness

+<press

arachi Eantt, Rohri Jn, hanewal =n, ?ahore =n

Pakistan

+<press

$*

UP,

$'

D

arachi Eantt, Byderaad =n, Rohri Jn, /ahim Car

han, hanpur , 7ahawalpur , 4ultan Eantt,hanewal =n, Shorkot

Eantt =n, 1oa 1ek Sin3h, o5ra, aisalaad, San3la Bill =n, 

K BafiHaad, Alipur Ehatta, GaHiraad =n, u5rat, ?ala 4usa

=n, =helum, /awalpindi

8uetta

+<press

!2

UP,

!$

D

8uetta, olpur , 4ach, Aa@e@3um, Sii =n, 7akhtiaraad

Domki, Dera 4urad =amali, Dera Allah Car ,=acoaad

=n, Shikarpur , Sukkur , Rohri Jn, Pano Akil, hotki, 4irpur

4athelo, Sadi0aad, /ahim Car han, hanpur , Dera awa

Sahi, 7ahawalpur , hanewal =n, Shorkot Eantt

=n, aisalaad,?ahore =n

Shalimar

+<press

!"

UP,

!

D

arachi Eantt, Byderaad =n, 4ehrapur =n, Rohri Jn, /ahim Car

han, 7hawalpur , 4ultan Eantt,aisalaad, ?ahore =n

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Sukkur

+<press

6$*

UP,

6$'

D

arachi Eity, arachi Eantt, Dri3h Eolony, ?andhi, otri

=n, Byderaad =n, 1ando Adam,Shahdadpur , awashah, ot@

?aollo, Pad dan, 7hiria /oad, ?akha /oad, 4ehrapur ,

Sethar5a,/anipur /iyasat, amat, hairpur , Rohri

Jn, Sukkur , Shikarpur , =acoaad =n

1eH3am" UP,

D

arachi Eantt, Byderaad =n, 1ando

 Adam, awashah, hairpur , Rohri Jn, /ahim Car

han,hanpur , 7hawalpur , 4ultan Eantt, hanewal =n, 4ian

Ehannu, Ehichawatni, Sahiwal, Fkara Eantt,Pattoki, ot /adha

ishan, /aiwind =n, ot ?akhpat, ?ahore =n, u5ranwala, ?alamusa

=n, =helum,/awalpindi

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 omb of haja hiCr or inda Pir

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8pposite 0ohri is a small island o% #hich about hal% an acre remains above #ater at the height o% 

the inundation$ This has been enclosed #ith a #all and contains a shrine to #hich Muslims and

/indus come together in thousands %rom all parts o% Sindh in March and April, the Muslims to

honor 2h#a*a 2hir  and the /indus, 9ind Pir, (9ind is a corruption o% 6inda: 6inda Pir means the

+iving Saint$ &ventually the possession o% the shrine became a bone o% contention bet#een

/indus and Muslims, but the matter #as settled #hen the /indus abandoned their claim and set

up a shrine o% their o#n to 9ind Pir on the Su))ur ban) o% the river $ The Public ;or)s

Department, under resolution 3o$ <<=;=- ><. o% -. April -?4@, sanctioned a piece o% land

measuring ->$<. ghuntas approimately to the Panchayat (Council o% Su))ur %or the use o% the

9ind Pir  7a)irs trust, i$e$, a%ter eecuting a trust deed in %avor o% !hai !alo, the leader o% the

7a)irs at that time$ According to the trust, he and his successors #ould receive 0s -<... %or 

discharging certain duties in connection #ith the shrine and monuments$ The Muslim legend is

that a Delhimerchant by the name o% Shah /ussain (Sai%ul Mulu) #as traveling do#n the ndus

 by boat #ith his daughter, !adu$=i=9amal, on their #ay to Mecca$ 8n their arrival in the city

o% Alore, Dalura*, the /indu 2ing, #ho had heard o% the great beauty o% Shah /ussainBsdaughter, demanded her in marriage$ /e #as re%used, being told as a reason that it #as

impossible %or the daughter o% a %ollo#er o% the Prophet (P!U/ to #ed a /indu$ 3ot content

#ith the reply, the )ing determined to carry her o%% by %orce: but as the girl #as o%%ering prayers

to 2h#a*a 2hir, the saint directed her %ather to cut loose the boat$ As soon as this #as done, the

course o% the ndus changed and the stream began to %lo# to#ards 0ohri, carrying to sa%ety the

 boat and its passengers$ n gratitude %or this miraculous deliverance, Shah /ussain resolved to

erect a shrine in honour o% the saint #ho had thus be%riended them$ n ans#er to his prayer he

#as directed to carry out his purpose on a small island a little to the north o% !u))ur , and here he

 built a mos1ue and a mausoleum, in honour o% the saint, #hich in later years #as enlarged by

#ealthy votaries #ho #ere said to have covered the door o% the original tomb #ith sheets o% silver$ Un%ortunately there is no trace o% either o% these buildings$

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resolved to erect

a shrine in honour 

o% the saint #ho

had thus

 be%riended them$

n ans#er to his

 prayer he #as

directed to carry

out his purpose

on a small island

a little to the

north o% !u))ur ,

and here he built

a mos1ue and a

mausoleum, inhonour o% the

saint, #hich in

later years #as

enlarged by

#ealthy votaries

#ho #ere said to

have covered the

door o% the

original tomb

#ith sheets o% silver$ Un%ortunately there is no trace o% either o% these buildings$

 media id4 #idth@5< heightE@@F

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Astan=e=2h#a*a 2hiar 0ohri

The /indu identi%y 2ha#a*a as 9ind Pir (properly 6inda Pir, i$e$ the living Pir #ho is no other 

than the incarnation o% the river ndus, else#here called Uderolal, Darya Shah, etc$, to #hom

they burn a light$ The central building #ith the silver doors, be it tomb, temple or cenotaph,

contains a niche #hich is the seat o% the saint and above #hich a slab o% stone clumsily built in to

the #all bears a Persian inscription #hich has been translated thus

H;hen this court #as raised, be it )no#n that the #aters o% 2hir surrounded it: 2hir #rote this

in pleasing verse$Its date is %ound %rom the Court o% the /igh one$ The #ords Dargah=i=Ali, give

the date E@- #hich correspond to AD$ 4<5$ To the south=#est o% the shrine is a ruined bric) 

mas*id #ith an inscription #hich gives the date A/ -.-- (AD ->.5$ The mu*a#ars (guardians

o% Satyan=*o=Asthan and o% 2h#a*a 2hirBs shrine #ere holding lands as )hairat (charitable

grant be%ore the !ritish con1uest, discharging certain holy duties around the monuments and

shrines in their charge$ Sir Charles 3apier continued the practice$

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ar$a+a %o -ata- rohr'

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0onclusionE

Arore is one o% the historical place o% ndus valley, having so many things to visit, in this

Thesis, #anted to sho# the importance o% Arore in ndus 'alley$ met #ith so many historians

#ho )no#s about the history o% Arore$

mportant places are highlighted in this Thesis, learnt so many things in this period$ t #as a

#onder%ul eperience %or me$

The things that are highlighted in this thesis are

 

/istory o% Arore

 

&ducation and &conomic System

 

Agriculture

 

Caste and 7amilies living in Arore

 

/istory o% 0ohri

 

9unciton o% 0ohri