anthro30 9 political institutions
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Political Instituti
ons
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Social Institutions
Social
Political
Economic Educational
Religious
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StateConsist of people, defined
permanent territory, government, and sovereignty
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Power and Authority
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PoliticsWho gets what, when, and
howHarold Laswell
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Powerthe ability to exercise one’s
will over others (Max Weber)
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3 Basic Sources of Power
Forcethe actual or threatened
use of coercion to
impose one’s will on others
Influence
the exercise of power through a process of persuasion
Authority
Institutionalized power that is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised.
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Types of Authority
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Traditional AuthorityLegitimate power is conferred by
custom and accepted practiceExample: Monarch attains power
based on hereditary succession
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Rational-Legal AuthorityPower made legitimate by lawExample: Philippine President exercise
powers based on the 1987 Philippine Constitution
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Charismatic AuthorityPower made legitimate by a leader’s
exceptional personal or emotional appeal to his or her followers.
Example: Jesus, Joan of Arc, Gandhi, Malcolm X, or Martin Luther King Jr, Steve Jobs
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Basic Types of Government
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Monarchy Form of government headed by a single
member of a royal family, usually a king, queen, or some other hereditary ruler.
It can be absolute monarchy or limited/constitutional monarchy
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OligarchyA few individuals rulenow often takes the form of
military rule
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DictatorshipOne person has nearly total power to make
and enforce laws.
They seize power rather than being freely elected or inheriting power
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TotalitarianismInvolves virtually complete government
control and surveillance over all aspects of a society’s social and political life.
Examples:Hitler’s reign, the Soviet Union in the 1930s,
and North Korea today
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DemocracyFrom Greek words demos (people) and
kratos (strength) or kratia (rule)government by the people.Two forms:
Direct democracyIndirect/representative/constitutional
democracy
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Power Structure
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Elite ModelSociety is ruled by a small group
of individuals who share a common set of political and economic interests.
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Pluralist Modelmany competing groups within
the community have access to government
no single group is dominant.
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War and Peace
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Views on WarGlobal
view
military conflict
between states
Nation-State view
interaction of internal political,
socioeconomic, and
cultural forces
Micro view
Impact of war to
individuals
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Peaceboth as the absence of war and as a
proactive effort to develop cooperative relations among nations
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How to deter war or foster peace?international tradeactivity of international charities and
activist groups called nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)Example: Red Cross and Red Crescent, Doctors
Without Borders, Amnesty International
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Global Peace Index (2011)
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Terrorismthe use or threat of violence against random or
symbolic targets in pursuit of political aims.the end justifies the means. They believe the status quo is oppressive and that
desperate measures are essential to end the suffering of the deprived.
An essential aspect of contemporary terrorism involves use of the media and social media
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