ansys manual r14

3

Sl.No. Date Title of the Exercise Page Number Remarks

STRUCTURAL STATIC ANALYSIS

1 Stress analysis of a plate with a circular hole.

2 Stress analysis of simple bracket.

3 Stress analysis of simple rectangular L bracket

4 Stress analysis of rectangular L bracket

5 Stress analysis of an Axi-symmetric component.

6 Stress analysis of Cantilever beam with point load at the end

7 Stress analysis of Simply supported beam with point load at the center

8 Stress analysis of Simply supported beam with uniformly distributed load.

9 Stress analysis of Fixed beam with point load at the center

STRUCTURAL DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

10 Mode frequency analysis of Cantilever beam.

11 Mode frequency analysis of Simply supported beam.

12 Mode frequency analysis of Fixed beam.

STRUCTURAL HARMONIC ANALYSIS

13 Harmonic analysis of a 2D component

THERMAL ANALYSIS

14 Thermal stress analysis of a 2D component static

15 Conductive heat transfer analysis of a 2D component

16 Convective heat transfer analysis of a 2D component

FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS

17 Analysis of Fluid Flow over a cylinder

5

Ex. No. : 01 STRESS ANALYSIS OF A PLATE WITH A CIRCULAR HOLE

Date :

AIM:

To determine the displacement and bending stress of a given plate with a circular hole using Finite Element Analysis based ANSYS structure and view the displacement and bending stress plots.

PROCEDURE: 1. Enter the title of the analysis

Utility Menu > File > Select Change Title> Enter New Title > Stress Analysis of a Plate with Hole > Ok

6

ANSYS Main Menu > preferences > turn on Structural > Ok

2. Define Type of element Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete >structural mass > solid > Quad4node 182 > Ok > options > pull down K3 plane stress and select plane strs w/thk.> Ok > close

Options > pull down K3 plane stress and select plane strs w/thk.> Ok > close

7

3. Define Real constants

Preprocessor > Real Constants > Add/Edit/Delete>Add>Ok>Enter THK = 20 >Ok >Close

8

4. Define Material Properties Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic > Enter EX = 200000 and Enter PRXY = 0.3 > Ok > Close

5. Modeling

a. Create the main rectangular shape Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Rectangle > By 2 Corners > WP X=0, WP Y=0, Width = 200 and Height = 100.

\

9

b. Create the circle Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Circle > Solid Circle > WP X= 100, WP Y=50 and Radius = 20

You should now have the following model:

c. Numbering Areas Utility Menu >plot controls > Numbering> pick Areas

10

d.Subtraction Now we want to subtract the circle (2) from the rectangle (1). Prior to this operation, your image should resemble the following:

Modeling > Operate > Booleans > Subtract > Areas > Enter 1 > Ok > Enter 2 > Ok

You should now have the following model:

6. Mesh Size

Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > Manual Size > Areas > All Areas

7. Mesh the model Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Areas > Free > Click on Pick All

11

Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving You have now defined your model. It is now time to apply the load(s) and constraint(s) and solve the resulting system of equations.

1. Define Analysis Type o Ensure that a Static Analysis will be performed o Preprocessor >Loads > Analysis Type > New Analysis > select Static > Ok.

2. Apply Constraints As shown previously, the left end of the plate is fixed.

Preprocessor > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Lines > Using Mouse Select the left end vertical line of the plate > click on 'Apply' in the window > Ok.

o Fill in the window as shown below.

12

This location is fixed which means that all DOF's are constrained. Therefore, select 'All DOF' by clicking on it and enter '0' in the Value field as shown above.

You will see some blue triangles in the graphics window indicating the displacement constraints.

3. Apply Loads

o As shown in the diagram, there is a load of 20N/mm distributed on the right hand side of the plate. Calculate the pressure on the plate end by dividing the distributed load by the thickness of the plate (1 N/mm2).

Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Pressure > On Lines > Using Mouse Select the right end vertical line of the plate > click on 'Apply' in the window

13

o Fill in the "Apply PRES on lines" window as shown below > Ok.

The pressure is uniform along the surface of the plate; therefore the last field is left blank. The pressure is acting away from the surface of the plate, and is therefore defined as a negative pressure.

o The applied loads and constraints should now appear as shown below.

14

4. Solving the System Solution > Solve > Current LS > Ok.

5. Deformation

General Postproc > Plot Results > Deformed Shape > select Def + undeformd > Ok

View both the deformed and the undeformed object.

Observe the locations of deflection.

15

6. Deflection General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour plot > Nodal Solution > Nodal Solution > pick DOF solution > select Displacement Vector Sum > In the bottom of the window select Deformed shape with Undeformed model > Ok.

16

7. Stresses

General Postproc > Plot Results > Nodal Solution > pick Stress > select Von Mises Stress > In the bottom of the window select Deformed shape with Undeformed model > Ok.

RESULT:

Displacement vector sum =

Von mises stress =

17

Ex. No. : 02 STRESS ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE BRACKET

Date :

AIM:

To determine the displacement and bending stress of a given simple bracket using Finite Element Analysis bases ANSYS structure and view the displacement and bending stress plots.

PROCEDURE

1. Defining the Problem

Utility Menu > File > Change Title>Stress Analysis of Simple Bracket

ANSYS Main Menu > preferences > turn on Structural

2. Define Type of element Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete >structural mass > solid > Quad4node 182 > Ok > options > pull down plane stress and select plane stress with thick.> pull down No Extra output and select Nodal Stress > Ok > close

3. Define Real constants

Preprocessor > Real Constants > Add/Edit/Delete>Add>Ok>Enter THK = 20 >Ok > Close

18

4. Define Material Properties Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 200000 and PRXY = 0.3 > Ok > Close

5. Modeling

a. Create the main rectangular shape Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Rectangle > By 2 Corners (X=0,Y=0, WIDTH= 80, HEIGHT =100)

b. Create the circular end on the right hand side

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Circle > Solid Circle> X=80,Y=50 and R=50 > Ok

c. Now create a second and third circle for the left hand side using the following dimensions:



d. Create a rectangle on the left hand end to fill the gap between the two small circles.

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Rectangle > By 2 Corners (X= -20, Y=20, WIDTH= 20, HEIGHT =60)

e. Your screen should now look like the following...

f. We now want to add these five discrete areas together to form one area. Modeling > Operate > Booleans > Add > Areas > Pick All

19

g. Create the Bolt Holes We now want to remove the bolt holes from this plate.

i. Create the three circles with the parameters given below:

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Circle > Solid Circle

parameter circle 1 circle 2 circle 3WP X 80 0 0 WP Y 50 20 80

radius 30 10 10

h. Numbering Areas

Ansys utility menu > Plot controls > Numbering > Areas Area numbers > Turn On

i. Subtract object ( Simple Bracket) from Three Holes Preprocessor > Modeling > Operate > Booleans > Subtract > Areas > Enter 6 (Simple Bracket) > Apply>1,2,3 > OK

Now you should have the following:

6. After Modeling is done save the model in a new folder Ansys utility menu > plot controls > write metafile > invert white/black

7. Mesh Size Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > Manual Size > Areas > All Areas > element edge length > 5

8. Mesh Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Areas > Free > Pick All

20

9. After meshing is done save the meshed model on a previous new folder Ansys utility menu > plot controls > write metafile > invert white/black Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving

10. Define Analysis Type Solution' > 'New Analysis' and select 'Static'.

11. Apply Constraints As illustrated, the plate is fixed at both of the smaller holes on the left hand side.

a. Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Nodes In the dial box, select circle option. Now Pick center of circle and drag upto outer surface as shown figure.> ok > select All DOF , Enter Displacement value = 0 and Repeat for Second small circle.

12. Apply Loads As shown in the diagram, there is a single vertical load of 1000N, at the bottom of the large bolt hole. Apply this force to the respective keypoint Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Force/Moment > On Keypoints> just pick one point on bottom of large circle > Ok > pull down FY > Enter force value = -1000.

21

13. Solving the System Solution > Solve > Current LS > Ok > Close

POST-PROCESSING: VIEWING THE RESULTS

14. Deflection General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu ... > DOF solution, > displacement vector sum.> Ok

15. Von Mises Stress General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu ... > Stress > Von Mises Stress > Ok

RESULT:


Von mises stress =

22

Ex. No. : 03. STRESS ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE RECTANGULAR L - BRACKET

Date:

AIM:

To determine the displacement and bending stress of a given L - bracket using Finite Element Analysis bases ANSYS structure and view the displacement and bending stress plots.

PROCEDURE

Step 1: Set the analysis title

Utility Menu > Change title > Stress Analysis of Rectangular L Bracket > ok

Step 2: Set preferences

Main Menu > Preferences > Structural > ok

Step 3: Define the material properties.

Main Menu > Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear >

Elastic > Isotropic > EX 30000000 and PRXY 0.27 > ok >

23

Step 3: Define the element types

Main Menu > Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete > Add > solid > 8 node

Quad plane 82 > ok

Options > choose plane stress with thickness > ok > close

Step 4: Define the Real constants

Main Menu > Preprocessor > Real Constants > Add/Edit/Delete > Add > ok > Enter the

thickness 0.5 > ok > close

Step 5: Create the Geometry

Create rectangle

Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Rectangle> By Dimensions >

Enter the Dimensions > ok

Coordinates Rectangle 1 Rectangle 2

X1 0 4

X2 6 6

Y1 -1 -1

Y2 1 -3

Change plot controls and replot

Utility Menu > Plot ctrls > Numbering > turn on area number > ok

Create the circle

Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Circle> Solid Circle

Dimensions Circle 1 Circle 2

Wp x 0 5

Wp y 0 -3

Radius 1 1

24

Add areas

Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Operate > Booleans > Add > Areas > Pick All

Create line fillet

Utility Menu > Plot Ctrls > Numbering > Turn on line numbering > ok > close

Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines > Line Fillet > Pick the two

lines > ok > Enter the fillet radius 0.4 > ok > close

Utility Menu > Plot > Lines

Create fillet area

Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Area > Arbitrary > By lines > Pick

the Fillet line > ok

Utility Menu > Plot > Area

Add areas together

Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Operate > Booleans > Add > Area > Pick All

Create first pin hole

Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Circle> Solid Circle > Enter the

Coordinates > ok

Coordinates Circle 3 Circle 4

Wp x 0 5

Wp y 0 -3

Radius 0.4 0.4

Subtract pin holes from bracket

Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Operate> Booleans> Subtract> Areas > Pick

Main Object > ok > second and third circle > ok

Step 6: Mesh the Area

Main Menu > Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh Tool > Set Global size control > Enter 0.5

> ok > Choose Area Meshing > click > Pick All

25

Step 7: Apply Boundary conditions and loads

Constraints

Main Menu > Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Lines

> Pick the four lines around left hand hole > ok > select All DOF > Enter the value 0 > ok >

close

Utility Menu > Plot lines

Pressure load

Main Menu > Solution > Define Loads > apply > Structural > Pressure > On Lines > Pick

line defining bottom left part of the circle > Apply > Enter 50 for VALUE > Enter 500 for

optional value > Apply > Pick line defining bottom right part of the circle > Apply > Enter 500

for VALUE > Enter 50 for optional value > ok

Step 8: solve the Problem

Main Menu > Solution > Solve > Current LS > ok > close

Step 9: Review the Results

Main Menu > General Postproc > Read Results > First set

Deformed shape

Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > Deformed Shape > choose Def +

undeformed > ok

Displacement vector sum

Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solution > select

DOF Solution > select Displacement vector sum > ok.

26

Von Mises Stresses

Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > Nodal Solution > stress > select von

Mises Stress

RESULT:


Von mises stress =

27

Ex. No. :04. STRESS ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR L - BRACKET

Date :

AIM:

To determine the displacement and bending stress of a given L - bracket using Finite Element Analysis bases ANSYS structure and view the displacement and bending stress plots.

This is a simple, single load step, structural static analysis of the (corner angle)L-bracket shown below. The upper left-hand pin hole is constrained (welded) around its entire circumference, and a tapered pressure load is applied to the bottom of the lowerright-hand pin hole. The objective of the problem is to demonstrate the typical ANSYS analysis procedure.

PROCEDURE Given The bracket is made of A36 steel with a Youngs modulus of 30E6 psi and Poissons ratio of 0.27.

28

Approach and Assumptions Assume plane stress for this analysis. Since the bracket is thin in the z direction (1/2 inch thickness) compared to its x and y dimensions, and since the pressure load acts only in the x-y plane, this is a valid assumption. Your approach is to use solid modeling to generate the 2-D model and automatically mesh it with nodes and elements. Build Geometry

1. Define rectangles. 2. Change plot controls and replot. 3. Change working plane to polar and create first circle. 4. Move working plane and create second circle. 5. Add areas. 6. Create line fillet. 7. Create fillet area. 8. Add areas together. 9. Create first pin hole. 10. Move working plane and create second pin hole. 11. Subtract pin holes from bracket. 12. Save the database as model.db.

Define Materials 13. Set Preferences. 14. Define Material Properties. 15. Define element types and options. 16. Define real constants.

Generate Mesh 17. Mesh the area.

Apply Loads 19. Apply displacement constraints. 20. Apply pressure load.

Obtain Solution 21. Solve.

Review Results 22. Enter the general postprocessor and read in the results. 23. Plot the deformed shape. 24. Plot the von Mises equivalent stress. 25. List the reaction solution.

29

Step 1: Define rectangles. There are several ways to create the model geometry within ANSYS, some more convenient than others. The first step is to recognize that you can construct the bracket easily with combinations of rectangles and circle Primitives. Decide where the origin will be located and then define the rectangle and circle primitives relative to that origin. The location of the origin is arbitrary. Here, use the center of the upper left-hand hole. ANSYS does not need to know where the origin is. Simply begin by defining a rectangle relative to that location. In ANSYS, this origin is called the global origin.

1. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Rectangle> By Dimensions > Enter the following: X1 = 0 (Note: Press the Tab key between entries) X2 = 6 Y1 = -1 Y2 = 1

2. > Apply [to create the first rectangle]. 3. Enter the following:

X1 = 4 X2 = 6 Y1 = -1 Y2 = -3

4. OK to create the second rectangle and close the dialog box.

30

Step 2: Change plot controls and replot. The area plot shows both rectangles, which are areas, in the same color. To more clearly distinguish between areas, turn on area numbers and colors. The "Plot Numbering Controls" dialog box on the Utility Menu controls how items are displayed in the Graphics Window. By default, a "replot" is automatically performed upon execution of the dialog box. The replot operation will repeat the last plotting operation that occurred (in this case, an area plot).

1. Utility Menu> Plot Ctrls> Numbering 2. Turn on area numbers.

3. OK to change controls, close the dialog box, and replot.

Before going to the next step, save the work you have done so far. ANSYS stores any input data in memory to the ANSYS database. To save that database to a file, use the SAVE operation, available as a tool on the Toolbar. ANSYS names the database file using the format job name .db. If you started ANSYS using the product launcher, you can specify a job name at that point (the default job name is file). You can check the current job name at any time by choosing Utility Menu> List> Status> Global Status. You can also save the database at specific milestone points in the analysis (such as after the model is complete, or after the model is meshed) by choosing Utility Menu> File> Save As and specifying different job names (model .db, or mesh.db, etc.). It is important to do an occasional save so that if you make a mistake, you can

31

restore the model from the last saved state. You restore the model using the RESUME operation, also available on the Toolbar. (You can also find SAVE and RESUME on the Utility Menu, under File.)

4. Toolbar: SAVE_DB.\ Step 3: Change working plane to polar and create first circle.

The next step in the model construction is to create the half circle at each end of the bracket. You will actually create a full circle on each end and then combine the circles and rectangles with a Boolean "add" operation (discussed in step 5.). To create the circles, you will use and display the working plane. You could have shown the working plane as you created the rectangles but it was not necessary.

Before you begin however, first "zoom out" within the Graphics Window so you

can see more of the circles as you create them. You do this using the "Pan-Zoom-Rotate" dialog box, a convenient graphics control box youll use often in any ANSYS session.

1. Utility Menu> PlotCtrls> Pan, Zoom, Rotate

2. Click on small dot once to zoom out.

3. Close dialog box. 4. Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Display Working Plane (toggle

on)

Notice the working plane origin is immediately plotted in the Graphics Window. It is indicated by the WX and WY symbols; right now coincident with the global origin X and Y symbols. Next you will change the WP type to polar, change the snap increment, and display the grid.

5. Utility Menu> WorkPlane> WP Settings

32

6. Click on Polar.

7. Click on Grid and Triad.

8. Enter 0.1 for snap increment.

9. OK to define settings and close the dialog box.

10. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas>

Circle> Solid Circle Be sure to read prompt before picking.

11. Pick center point at: WP X = 0 (in Graphics Window shown below) WP Y = 0

12. Move mouse to radius of 1 and click left button to create circle.

13. OK to close picking menu.

Note While you are positioning the cursor for picking, the "dynamic" WP X and Y values are displayed in the Solid Circular Area dialog box. Also, as an alternative to picking, you can type these values along with the radius into the dialog box. Step 4: Move working plane and create second circle. To create the circle at the other end of the bracket in the same manner, you need to first move the working plane to the origin of the circle. The simplest way to do this without entering number offsets is to move the WP to an average keypoint location by picking the keypoints at the bottom corners of the lower, right rectangle.

1. Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Offset WP to> Keypoints 2. Pick keypoint at lower left corner of rectangle.

33

3. Pick keypoint at lower right of rectangle.


5. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Circle> Solid Circle 6. Pick center point at:

WP X = 0 WP Y = 0

7. Move mouse to radius of 1 and click left button to create circle.


Step 5: Add areas. Now that the appropriate pieces of the model are defined (rectangles and circles), you need to add them together so the model becomes one continuous piece. You do this with the Boolean add operation for areas.

1. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Operate> Booleans> Add> Areas

34

2. Pick All for all areas to be added.

3. Toolbar: SAVE_DB.

Step 6: Create line fillet.

1. Utility Menu> PlotCtrls> Numbering

2. Turn on line numbering. 3. OK to change controls, close the dialog box, and automatically replot.

35

4. Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Display Working Plane (toggle off)

5. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Lines> Line Fillet 6. Pick lines 17 and 8.

7. OK to finish picking lines (in picking menu).

8. Enter .4 as the radius. 9. OK to create line fillet and close the dialog box.

10. Utility Menu> Plot> Lines

36

Step 7: Create fillet area.

1. Utility Menu> PlotCtrls> Pan, Zoom, Rotate

2. Click on Zoom button. 3. Move mouse to fillet region, click left button, move mouse out and click again.

4. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Arbitrary> By

Lines 5. Pick lines 4, 5, and 1.

37

6. OK to create area and close the picking menu.

7. Click on Fit button.

8. Close the Pan, Zoom, Rotate dialog box. 9. Utility Menu> Plot> Areas

Step 8: Add areas together.

1. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Operate> Booleans> Add> Areas

38

2. Pick All for all areas to be added.


Step 9: Create first pin hole. 1. Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Display Working Plane (toggle on)

2. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Circle> Solid Circle 3. Pick center point at:

WP X = 0 (in Graphics Window) WP Y = 0

4. Move mouse to radius of .4 (shown in the picking menu) and click left button to create circle.

5. OK to close picking menu. Step 10: Move working plane and create second pin hole.

1. Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Offset WP to> Global Origin 2. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Circle> Solid Circle 3. Pick center point at:

WP X = 0 (in Graphics Window) WP Y = 0

39

4. Move mouse to radius of .4 (shown in the picking menu) and click left mouse button to create circle.

5. OK to close picking menu. 6. Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Display Working Plane (toggle off) 7. Utility Menu> Plot> Replot

From this area plot, it appears that one of the pin hole areas is not there. However, it is there (as indicated by the presence of its lines), you just can't see it in the final display of the screen. That is because the bracket area is drawn on top of it. An easy way to see all areas is to plot the lines instead.

8. Utility Menu> Plot> Lines

Step 11: Subtract pin holes from bracket.

1. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Operate> Booleans> Subtract> Areas 2. Pick bracket as base area from which to subtract. 3. Apply (in picking menu). 4. Pick both pin holes as areas to be subtracted.

5. OK to subtract holes and close picking menu.

40

Step 12: Save the database as model.db. At this point, you will save the database to a named file -- a name that represents the model before meshing. If you decide to go back and remesh, you'll need to resume this database file. You will save it as model.db.

1. Utility Menu> File> Save As

2. Enter model.db for the database file name.

3. OK to save and close dialog box.

Define Materials Step 13: Set preferences. In preparation for defining materials, you will set preferences so that only materials that pertain to a structural analysis are available for you to choose. To set preferences:

1. Main Menu> Preferences 2. Turn on structural filtering. The options may differ from what is shown here

since they depend on the ANSYS product you are using.

3. OK to apply filtering and close the dialog box.

Step 14: Define material properties. To define material properties for this analysis, there is only one material for the bracket, A36 Steel, with given values for Youngs modulus of elasticity and Poissons ratio.

1. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material Props> Material models

41

2. Double-click on Structural, Linear, Elastic, Isotropic.

3. Enter 30e6 for EX.

4. Enter .27 for PRXY. 5. OK to define material property set and close the dialog box.

6. Material> Exit

Step 15: Define element types and options. In any analysis, you need to select from a library of element types and define the appropriate ones for your analysis. For this analysis, you will use only one element type, PLANE82, which is a 2-D, quadratic, structural, higher-order element. The choice of a higher-order element here allows you to have a coarser mesh than with lower-order elements while still maintaining solution accuracy. Also, ANSYS will generate some triangle shaped elements in the mesh that would otherwise be inaccurate if you used lower-order elements (PLANE42). You will need to specify plane stress with thickness as an option for PLANE82. (You will define the thickness as a real constant in the next step.)

1. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Element Type> Add/Edit/Delete

42

2. Add an element type.

3. Structural solid family of elements. 4. Choose the 8-node quad (PLANE82).

5. OK to apply the element type and close the dialog box.

6. Options for PLANE82 are to be defined.

7. Choose plane stress with thickness option for element behavior. 8. OK to specify options and close the options dialog box.

9. Close the element type dialog box.

43

Step 16: Define real constants. For this analysis, since the assumption is plane stress with thickness, you will enter the thickness as a real constant for PLANE82. To find out more information about PLANE82, you will use the ANSYS Help System in this step by clicking on a Help button from within a dialog box.

1. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Real Constants> Add/Edit/Delete

2. Add a real constant set.

3. OK for PLANE82. Before clicking on the Help button in the next step, you should be aware that the help information may appear in the same window as this tutorial, replacing the contents of the tutorial. After reading the help information, click on the Back button to return to this tutorial. If the help information appears in a separate window from the tutorial, minimize or close the help window after you read the help information.

4. Help to get help on PLANE82. 5. Hold left mouse button down to scroll through element description. 6. If the help information replaced the tutorial, click on the Back button to return

to the tutorial.

7. Enter .5 for THK.

8. OK to define the real constant and close the dialog box.

44

9. Close the real constant dialog box.

Generate Mesh Step 17: Mesh the area. One nice feature of the ANSYS program is that you can automatically mesh the model without specifying any mesh size controls. This is using what is called a default mesh. If youre not sure how to determine the mesh density, let ANSYS try it first! Meshing this model with a default mesh however, generates more elements than are allowed in the ANSYS ED program. Instead you will specify a global element size to control overall mesh density.

1. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Meshing> Mesh Tool

2. Set Global Size control.

3. Type in 0.5.

4. OK.

5. Choose Area Meshing.

45

6. Click on Mesh. 7. Pick All for the area to be meshed (in picking menu). Close any warning

messages that appear.

8. Close the Mesh Tool.

Note The mesh you see on your screen may vary slightly from the mesh shown here. As a result of this, you may see slightly different results during postprocessing. For a discussion of results accuracy, see Planning Your Approach in the ANSYS Modeling and Meshing Guide. Step 18: Save the database as mesh.db. Here again, you will save the database to a named file, this time mesh.db.

1. Utility Menu> File> Save as

2. Enter mesh.db for database file name.

3. OK to save file and close dialog box.

Apply Loads The beginning of the solution phase. A new, static analysis is the default, so you will not need to specify analysis type for this problem. Also, there are no analysis options for this problem. Step 19: Apply displacement constraints. You can apply displacement constraints directly to lines.

1. Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Displacement>

On Lines

46

2. Pick the four lines around left-hand hole (Line numbers 10, 9, 11, 12).

3. OK (in picking menu).

4. Click on All DOF.

5. Enter 0 for zero displacement.

6. OK to apply constraints and close dialog box. 7. Utility Menu> Plot Lines


Step 20: Apply pressure load. Now apply the tapered pressure load to the bottom, right-hand pin hole. ("Tapered" here means varying linearly.) Note that when a circle is created in ANSYS, four lines define the perimeter. Therefore, apply the pressure to two lines making up the lower half of the circle. Since the pressure tapers from a maximum value (500 psi) at the bottom of the circle to a minimum value (50 psi) at the sides, apply pressure in two separate steps, with reverse tapering values for each line. The ANSYS convention for pressure loading is that a positive load value represents pressure into the surface (compressive).

1. Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Pressure> On Lines

47

2. Pick line defining bottom left p art of the circle (line 6).

3. Apply.

4. Enter 50 for VALUE.

5. Enter 500 for optional value.

6. Apply. 7. Pick line defining bottom right part of circle (line 7).

8. Apply.

9. Enter 500 for VALUE.

10. Enter 50 for optional value.

48

11. OK.

Obtain Solution Step 21: Solve.

1. Main Menu> Solution> Solve> Current LS 2. Review the information in the status window, then choose File> Close

(Windows), or Close (X11/Motif), to close the window.

3. OK to begin the solution . 4. Choose Yes to any Verify messages that appear. 5. Close the information window when solution is done.

ANSYS stores the results of this one load step problem in the database and in the results file, Jobname.RST (or Jobname.RTH for thermal, Jobname.RMG for magnetic, and Jobname.RFL for fluid analyses). The database can actually contain only one set of results at any given time, so in a multiple load step or multiple substep analysis, ANSYS stores only the final solution in the database. ANSYS stores all solutions in the results file. Review Results The beginning of the postprocessing phase. Note The results you see may vary slightly from what is shown here due to variations in the mesh. Step 22: Enter the general postprocessor and read in the results.

1. Main Menu> General Postproc> Read Results> First Set Step 23: Plot the deformed shape.

1. Main Menu> General Postproc> Plot Results> Deformed Shape

49

2. Choose Def + undeformed.

3. OK.

You can also produce an animated version of the deformed shape:

4. Utility Menu> Plot Ctrls> Animate> Deformed Shape

5. Choose Def + undeformed.

6. OK.

7. Make choices in the Animation Controller (not shown), if necessary, then

choose Close. Step 24: Plot the von Mises equivalent stress.

1. Main Menu> General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Nodal Solu

2. Choose Stress item to be contoured.

50

3. Scroll down and choose von Mises (SEQV).

4. OK.

You can also produce an animated version of these results:

5. Utility Menu> Plot Ctrls> Animate> Deformed Results

6. Choose Stress item to be contoured.

7. Scroll down and choose von Mises (SEQV).

8. OK.

9. Make choices in the Animation Controller (not shown), if necessary, then choose Close.

Step 25: List reaction solution.

1. Main Menu> General Postproc> List Results> Reaction Solu

2. OK to list all items and close the dialog box.

3. Scroll down and find the total vertical force, FY. 4. File> Close (Windows), or Close (X11/Motif), to close the window.

The value of 134.61 is comparable to the total pin load force. RESULT:


Von mises stress =

51

Ex. No. : 05 STRESS ANALYSIS OF AN AXISYMMETRIC TUBE

Date :

AIM:

To determine the displacement and bending stress of a given axisymmetric component using Finite Element Analysis bases ANSYS structure and view the displacement and bending stress plots.

The model will be that of a closed tube made from steel. Point loads will be applied at the Point loads will be applied at the center of the top and bottom plate to make an analytical verification simple to calculate. A 3/4 cross section view of the tube is shown below

Cross Section of the Beam

52

PROCEDURE: Preprocessing: Defining the Problem

1. Defining the Problem Utility Menu > File > Change Title>Stress Analysis of Axisymmetric component

ANSYS Main Menu > preferences > turn on Structural

2. Define Type of element Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete >structural mass > solid > Quad4node 182 > Ok > options > pull down K3 and select Axismmetric.> Ok > close

3. Define Material Properties Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 200000 and PRXY = 0.3 > Ok

4. Modeling (a).Create Areas

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Rectangle > By Dimensions For an axisymmetric problem, ANSYS will rotate the area around the y-axis at x=0. Therefore, to create the geometry mentioned above, we must define a U-shape.

Rectangle X1 X2 Y1 Y21 0 20 0 5

2 15 20 0 100

3 0 20 95 100

(b) Add Areas Together Preprocessor > Modeling > Operate > Booleans > Add > Areas > Pick All

5. Define Mesh Size Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Areas > All Areas > Enter 2 For this example we will use an element edge length of 2mm.

6. Mesh the model Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Areas > Free > click 'Pick All' Your model should know look like this:

Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving 7. Define Analysis Type

Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Static 8. Apply Constraints

53

a. Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > Symmetry B.C. > On Lines Pick the two edges on the left, at x=0, as shown below.

b. Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Nodes >

select two nodes at the mid point of the model as shown below > In the window pick Apply > select Uy and Enter displacement value = 0 > Ok

9. Apply Loads

a. Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Force/Moment > On Keypoints Pick the top left corner of the area and click OK. Apply a load of 100 in the FY direction.

b. Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Force/Moment > On Keypoints Pick the bottom left corner of the area and click OK. Apply a load of -100 in the FY direction.

The applied loads and constraints should now appear as shown in the figure below.

54

10. Solve the System Solution > Solve > Current LS

Postprocessing: Viewing the Results

11. Deflection

General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu ... > DOF solution, > displacement vector sum.> Ok

12. Von mises stress General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu ... > Stress > Von Mises Stress > Ok

13. Plotting the Elements as Axisymmetric Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Style > Symmetry Expansion > 2-D Axi-symmetric... The following window will appear. By clicking on 3/4 expansion you can produce the figure shown at the beginning of this tutorial.

55

RESULT:


Von mises stress =

56

Ex. No. : 06 STRESS ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM WITH POINT LOAD AT THE END

Date:

AIM:

To determine the displacement and bending stress of a given Cantilever Beam using Finite Element Analysis based ANSYS software and also plot shear force and bending moment diagrams.

PROCEDURE

1. Defining the Problem Utility Menu > File > Change Title>Stress Analysis of Cantilever Beam


2. Define Type of element

Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete > Add >Beam > 2 node 188> Ok > Options > pull down K3 select Cubic Form > pull down K7 select All Section points > pull down K9 select All Section points

3. Define Material Properties

Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic > Enter EX = 2.068E11 and PRXY = 0.3> Ok

4. Define Section Type

57

Preprocessor > Sections > Beam > Common sections > Pull down Sub- Type in the window > select square section > Enter B = 0.01 and H = 0.01 > Preview > Ok

5. Modeling

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Key points > In Active CS > Key point number 1 > X= 0, Y= 0 and Z = 0 > Apply > Key point number 2> X= 1, Y= 0 and Z =0 > Ok

6. Form a Line

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines > Lines > Straight Line >pick Key points 1 and 2 > Ok

7. Define Mesh Size

Preprocessor > Meshing > size cntrls > Manual size > Lines > All Lines> Enter No. of Element divisions = 20 > Ok

8. Mesh the model

Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Lines > Pick All

9. Define Analysis Type Preprocessor > Loads > Analysis Type > New Analysis > select Static Ok.

10. Apply Constrain

Preprocessor > Loads > Define loads >Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Key Points >select left key point 1 > Ok > select All DOF > Enter Displacement Value = 0 > Ok

11. Apply Loads

Preprocessor > Loads > Define loads >Apply > Structural > Force /Moment > On Key Points >select right key point 2 > Ok > pull down select FY > Enter Force / Moment Value = -100 > Ok

58

12. Solving the system Solution > Solve > Current LS > Ok

VIEWING THE RESULTS

13. Deformation plot


14. Deflection plot

General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > nodal Solu > select DOF Solution > select Displacement Vector sum > Ok

59

15. Stress

General Postproc > List Results > Element Solution > select Stress > select Von Mises stress > Ok > Close

16. Shear Force Plot

General Postproc > Element Table > Define Table > Add > pull down left side select By sequence num right side Enter SMISC, 6 > Apply > Again pull down left side select By sequence num > right side Enter SMISC, 19 > Ok > Close

General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Line Elem Res > select LabI Elem table item at node I SMIS6 > select LabJ Elem table item at node J SMIS19 > Ok

60

17. Bending Moment Plot

General Postproc > Element Table > Define Table > Add > pull down left side select By sequence num right side Enter SMISC, 3> Apply > Again pull down left side select By sequence num > right side Enter SMISC, 16 > Ok > Close

General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Line Elem Res > select LabI Elem table item at node I SMIS3> select LabJ Elem table item at node J SMIS16 > Ok

RESULT: Displacement vector sum =

Von Mises Stress =

Shear force =

Maximum bending moment =

61

Ex. No. : 07 STRESS ANALYSIS OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM WITH POINT LOAD AT THE CENTRE

Date:

AIM:

To determine the displacement and bending stress of a given simply supported beam using Finite Element Analysis based ANSYS software and also plot shear force and bending moment diagrams.

PROCEDURE

1. Defining the Problem Utility Menu > File > Change Title>Stress Analysis of Stress Analysis of stress analysis of simply supported beam with point load at the centre



Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete > Add >Beam > 2 node 188> Ok > Options > pull down K3 select Cubic Form > pull down K7 select All Section points > pull down K9 select All Section points > Ok > Close




62

Preprocessor > Beam > Common sections > Pull down Sub- Type in the window > select square section > Enter B = 0.01 and H = 0.01 > Preview > Ok

5. Modeling

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Key points > In Active CS > Key point number 1 > X= 0, Y= 0 and Z = 0 > Apply > Key point number 2> X= 1, Y= 0 and Z Ok

6. Form a Line

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines > Lines > Straight Line >using mouse pick Key points 1 and 2 > Ok

7. Define Mesh Size


8. Mesh the model



10. Apply Constrain

Preprocessor > Loads > Define loads >Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Key Points >select key points 1 and 2 > Ok > select UX and UY > Enter Displacement Value = 0 > Ok

11. Apply Loads

63

Preprocessor > Loads > Define loads >Apply > Structural > Force /Moment > On Nodes >using mouse select Mid point of the line > Ok > pull down select FY > Enter Force / Moment Value = -100 > Ok


Viewing the Results 13. Deformation plot


14. Deflection plot


64

15. Stress



General Postproc > Element Table > Define Table > Add > pull down left side select By sequence num > right side Enter SMISC, 6 > Apply > Again pull down left side select By sequence num > right side Enter SMISC, 19 > Ok > Close


65


General Postproc > Element Table > Define Table > Add > pull down left side select By sequence num > right side Enter SMISC, 3 > Apply > Again pull down left side select By sequence num > right side Enter SMISC, 16 > Ok > Close



Von Mises Stress =

Shear force =


66

Ex. No. : 08 STRESS ANALYSIS OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM WITH UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD

Date:

AIM:

To determine the displacement and bending stress of a given stress analysis of simply supported beam with uniformly distributed load using Finite Element Analysis based ANSYS software and also plot shear force and bending moment diagrams.

PROCEDURE









67

5. Modeling


6. Form a Line


7. Define Mesh Size


8. Mesh the model



10. Apply Constrain

Preprocessor > Loads > Define loads >Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Key Points >select key points 1and 2 > Ok > select UX and UY > Enter Displacement Value = 0 > Ok

68

11. Apply Loads

Preprocessor > Loads > Define loads > Apply > Structural > Force / Moment > On Nodes > using mouse select All the nodes of the line except first and last nodes > Ok > pull down select FY > Enter Force / Moment Value = - 0.25 > Ok


VIEWING THE RESULTS

69



14. Deflection plot


70

15. Stress





71





Von Mises Stress =

Shear force =


72

Ex. No. : 09 STRESS ANALYSIS OF FIXED BEAM WITH POINT LOAD AT THE CENTRE

Date:

AIM:

To determine the displacement and bending stress of a given stress analysis of fixed beam with point load at the centre using Finite Element Analysis based ANSYS software and also plot shear force and bending moment diagrams.

PROCEDURE







73



5. Modeling


6. Form a Line


7. Define Mesh Size


8. Mesh the model



10. Apply Constrain

Preprocessor > Loads > Define loads >Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Key Points >select key point 1 and 2 > Ok > select All DOF > Enter Displacement Value = 0 > Ok

74

11. Apply Loads

Preprocessor > Loads > Define loads >Apply > Structural > Force /Moment > On Nodes >using mouse select Mid point of the line > Ok > pull down select FY > Enter Force / Moment Value = -100 > Ok


Viewing the Results 13. Deformation plot


75

14. Deflection plot


15. Stress


76







77


Von Mises Stress =

Shear force =


78

Ex. No. : 10 MODE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM

Date:

AIM:

To determine first three natural frequencies of Cantilever Beam using Finite Element Analysis based ANSYS software and also plot three mode shapes.

PROCEDURE

1. Defining the Problem Utility Menu > File > Change Title>Mode Frequency Analysis of Cantilever Beam





Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic > Enter EX = 2.068E11 and PRXY = 0.3 Enter Density DENS = 7830 > Ok



79

5. Modeling


6. Form a Line


7. Define Mesh Size


8. Mesh the model


9. Define Analysis Type Preprocessor > Loads > Analysis Type > New Analysis > select Modal > Ok.

10. Define Mode Extraction Method Preprocessor > Loads > Analysis Type > Analysis Options > select Reduced Method > Enter No. of modes to extract = 3 > No. of modes to expand = 3 > Ok

Enter Frequency range 0 To 2500

Enter No. of modes to print = 3 > Ok

11. Define Master DOFs Preprocessor > Loads > Master DOFs > User Selected > Define > using mouse select All nodes except first and last node > Ok > Lab-1 and Lab-2 select UY > Ok

80

12. Apply Constrain



VIEWING THE RESULTS

14. List First Three Fundamental Frequencies

General Postproc > List Results > Detailed Summary

81

THREE MODE SHAPES


General Postproc > Read Results > First Set > Plot Results > Deformed Shape > select Def + Undeformed > Ok

General Postproc > Read Results > Next Set > Plot Results > Deformed Shape > select Def + Undeformed > Ok

82


RESULT: First natural frequency =

Second natural frequency =

Third natural frequency =

83

Ex. No. : 11 MODE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM

Date:

AIM:

To determine the first three natural frequencies of simply supported Beam using Finite Element Analysis based ANSYS software and also plot first three mode shapes.

PROCEDURE

1. Defining the Problem Utility Menu > File > Change Title>Mode Frequency Analysis of Simply Supported Beam





Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic > Enter EX = 2.068E11 and PRXY = 0.3 Enter Density DENS = 7830


84


5. Modeling


6. Form a Line

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines > Lines > Straight Line > pick Key points 1 and 2 > Ok

7. Define Mesh Size


8. Mesh the model






11. Define Master DOFs Preprocessor > Loads > Master DOFs > User Selected > Define > using mouse select All nodes except first and last node > Ok > Lab-1 select UX and Lab-2 select UY > Ok

85

12. Apply Constrain

Preprocessor > Loads > Define loads >Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Key Points >select left key point 1 and select right key point 2 > Ok > select UX and UY > Enter Displacement Value = 0 > Ok


VIEWING THE RESULTS 14. List First Three Fundamental Frequencies


86

THREE MODE SHAPES




87





88

Ex. No. :12 MODE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF FIXED BEAM

Date:

AIM:

To first three natural frequencies of fixed Beam using Finite Element Analysis based ANSYS software and also plot first three mode shapes.

PROCEDURE

1. Defining the Problem Utility Menu > File > Change Title>Mode Frequency Analysis of Fixed Beam








89

5. Modeling


6. Form a Line


7. Define Mesh Size


8. Mesh the model






11. Define Master DOFs Preprocessor > Loads > Master DOFs > User Selected > Define > using mouse select All nodes except first and last node > Ok > Lab-1 and Lab-2 select UY > Ok

90

12. Apply Constrain

Preprocessor > Loads > Define loads >Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Key Points >select left key point 1 and right key point 2 > Ok > select All DOF > Enter Displacement Value = 0 > Ok


VIEWING THE RESULTS 14. List First Three Fundamental Frequencies


91

THREE MODE SHAPES




92





93

Ex. No. : 13. HARMONIC ANALYSIS OF A CANTILEVER BEAM

Date:

To perform harmonic analysis of Fixed Beam using Finite Element Analysis based ANSYS software and also plot Amplitude Vs Frequency graph .

PROCEDURE

1. Defining the Problem Utility Menu > File > Change Title>Mode Frequency Analysis of Fixed Beam








94

5. Modeling


6. Form a Line


7. Define Mesh Size


8. Mesh the model


9. Define Analysis Type Preprocessor > Loads > Analysis Type > New Analysis > select Harmonic > Ok.

10. Define Solution Method Preprocessor > Loads > Analysis Type > Analysis Options > select Full > DOF printout format select Real + imaginary > Ok

Equation Solver > pull down select Sparse solver > Ok

11. Apply Constrain


95

12. Apply Loads

Preprocessor > Loads > Define loads >Apply > Structural > Force / Moment > On Key Points >select right key point 2 > Ok > select FY > Real part of force/mom = 100 and Imag part of force/mom = 0 > Ok

96

13. Set the frequency range

Solution > Load Step Opts > Time/Frequency > Freq and Substeps > Enter Harmonic freq range 0 To 100 > Enter Number of substeps = 100 > select Stepped b.c.


VIEWING THE RESULTS

TimeHist Postpro > Time History Variables file .rst window should pop up as shown.

Select Add (the green '+' sign in the upper left corner) from this window and the following window should appear

97

Nodal Solution > DOF Solution > Y-Component of displacement. Click OK.

o Graphically select right key point 2 when prompted and click OK. The 'Time History Variables' window should now look as follows

2. List Stored Variables o In the 'Time History Variables' window click the 'List' button, 3 buttons to the left

of 'Add'

98

The following window will appear listing the data:

3. Plot UY vs. frequency o In the 'Time History Variables' window click the 'Plot' button, 2 buttons to the left

of 'Add'

The following graph should be plotted in the main ANSYS window.

Note that we get peaks at frequencies of approximately 8.3 and 51 Hz. This corresponds with the predicted frequencies of 8.311 and 51.94Hz.

To get a better view of the response, view the log scale of UY. o Select Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Style > Graphs > Modify Axis

99

The following window will appear

o As marked by an 'A' in the above window, change the Y-axis scale to 'Logarithmic'

o Select Utility Menu > Plot > Replot o You should now see the following

This is the response at node 2 for the cyclic load applied at this node from 0 - 100 Hz.

RESULT:

100

Ex. No. : 14. THERMAL STRESS ANALYSIS OF A 2D COMPONENT STATIC

Date :

AIM: To determine the thermal stress of a given component using FEA based ANSYS software.

A steel link, with no internal stresses, is pinned between two solid structures at a reference temperature of 273 K. One of the solid structures is heated to a temperature of 348 K. As heat is transferred from the solid structure into the link, the link will attempt to expand. However, since it is pinned this cannot occur and as such, stress is created in the link. A steady-state solution of the resulting stress will be found to simplify the analysis. Loads will not be applied to the link, only a temperature change of 348 K. The link is steel with a modulus of elasticity of 200 GPa, a thermal conductivity of 60.5 W/m*K and a thermal expansion coefficient of 12e-6 /K.

Preprocessing: Defining the Problem

Although the geometry must remain constant, the element types can change. For instance, thermal elements are required for a thermal analysis while structural elements are required to determine the stress in the link. It is important to note, however that only certain combinations of elements can be used for a coupled physics analysis. For a listing, see Chapter 2 of the ANSYS Coupled-Field Guide located in the help file. The process requires the user to create all the necessary environments, which are basically the preprocessing portions for each environment, and write them to memory. Then in the solution phase they can be combined to solve the coupled analysis. PROCEDURE:

Thermal Environment - Create Geometry and Define Thermal Properties

1. Enter Title Utility Menu > File > Change Title > Enter Thermal Stress Analysis

2. Open preprocessor menu ANSYS Main Menu > Preprocessor > Turn on Thermal

3. Define the Type of Element Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete > Link > 3D conduction 33 > Ok > Close

101

4. Define Real Constants Preprocessor > Real Constants > Add/Edit/Delete > Add > Enter Area = 4e-4 > Ok > Close

5. Define Element Material Properties Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Thermal > Conductivity > Isotropic > KXX = 60.5

6. Modeling - Define Keypoints Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Keypoints > In Active CS > Key point number 1, X=0, Y=0 and Z=0 > Apply Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Keypoints > In Active CS > Key point number 2, X=1, Y=0 and Z=0 > Ok

7. Create Lines Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines > Lines > Straight Line > pick Key point number 1 and 2 > Ok

8. Define Mesh Size Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Lines > All Lines > Enter No. of element divisions = 20

9. Mesh the frame Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Lines > click 'Pick All'

10. Write Environment (The thermal environment (the geometry and thermal properties) is now fully described and can be written to memory to be used at a later time). Preprocessor > Physics > Environment > Write In the window that appears, enter the TITLE Thermal and click OK.

11. Clear Environment

Preprocessor > Physics > Environment > Clear > OK (Doing this clears all the information prescribed for the geometry, such as the element type, material properties, etc. It does not clear the geometry however, so it can be used in the next stage, which is defining the structural environment).

102

Structural Environment - Define Physical Properties

Since the geometry of the problem has already been defined in the previous steps, all that is required is to detail the structural variables.

12. Switch Element Type

Preprocessor > Element Type > Switch Elem Type > Choose Thermal to Struc from the scroll down list. > Close (This will switch to the complimentary structural element automatically. In this case it is LINK 8. For more information on this element, see the help file. A warning saying you should modify the new element as necessary will pop up. In this case, only the material properties need to be modified as the geometry is staying the same).

13. Define Element Material Properties Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 200e9 and PRXY = 0.3 Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Thermal Expansion > Secant Coefficient > Isotropic > ALPX = 12e-6 > Ok > Close

14. Write Environment The structural environment is now fully described. Preprocessor > Physics > Environment > Write In the window that appears, enter the TITLE Struct

Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving 15. Define Analysis Type

Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > select Static > Ok 16. Read in the Thermal Environment

Solution > Unabridged Menu > Physics > Environment > Read > Choose Thermal and click OK.

(If the Physics option is not available under Solution, click Unabridged Menu at the bottom of the Solution menu. This should make it visible).

103

17. Apply Constraints Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Thermal > Temperature > On Key points > select Keypoint 1> Ok > select TEMP > Enter TEMP value = 348 > Ok

18. Solve the System Solution > Solve > Current LS > Ok

19. Close the Solution Menu Main Menu > Finish (It is very important to click Finish as it closes that environment and allows a new one to be opened without contamination. If this is not done, you will get error messages).

20. Plot Temperature

General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu > DOF solution > Nodal Temperature > Ok

(The thermal solution has now been obtained. If you plot the steady-state temperature on the link, you will see it is a uniform 348 K, as expected. This information is saved in a file labelled Jobname.rth, were .rth is the thermal results file. Since the jobname wasn't changed at the beginning of the analysis, this data can be found as file.rth. We will use these results in determing the structural effects).

21. Read in the Structural Environment Solution > Physics > Environment > Read > Choose struct and click OK.

22. Apply Constraints Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Key points > select Key point 1 > Ok > select All DOF > Enter displacement value = 0 > Ok Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Key points > select Key point 2 > Ok > select UX > Enter displacement value = 0 > Ok

104

23. Include Thermal Effects Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Temperature > From Therm Analy (As shown below, enter the file name as file.rth. This couples the results from the solution of the thermal environment to the information prescribed in the structural environment and uses it during the analysis).

24. Define Reference Temperature Preprocessor > Loads > Define Loads > Settings > Enter Reference Temp = 273 > Ok

25. Solve the System Solution > Solve > Current LS > Ok

Postprocessing: Viewing the Results 1. Get Stress Data

Since the element is only a line, the stress can't be listed in the normal way. Instead, an element table must be created first. General Postproc > Element Table > Define Table > Add Fill in the window as shown below.

105

2. List the Stress Data

General Postproc > Element Table > List Elem Table > COMPSTR > OK

The following list should appear. Note the stress in each element: -0.180e9 Pa, or 180 MPa in compression as expected.

RESULT: Thermal stress =

106

Ex. No. :15 CONDUCTIVE HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF A 2D COMPONENT

Date:

AIM: To perform conductive heat transfer analysis of a given 2D component using FEA based ANSYS software and plot temperature distribution.

PROCEDURE: The Simple Conduction Example is constrained as shown in the following figure. Thermal conductivity (k) of the material is 10 W/m*C and the block is assumed to be infinitely long.

1. Defining the Problem File > clear and start new> do not read file >ok> yes File > change title> conductive 2D thermal analysis ANSYS Main Menu > preferences > turn on thermal

2. Define the Type of Element Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete... > click 'Add' > Select Thermal Mass Solid > Quad 4Node 55

3. Element Material Properties

107

Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Thermal > Conductivity > Isotropic > KXX = 10 (Thermal conductivity)

4. Modeling Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Rectangle > By 2 Corners > X=0, Y=0, Width=1, Height=1

5. After modeling is done save the model on a new folder Ansys utility menu > plot controls > write metafile > invert white/black

6. Mesh Size Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > Manual Size > Areas > All Areas > 0.05


8. After meshing is done save the meshed model on a previous new folder Ansys utility menu > plot controls > write metafile > invert white/black > Save

Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving

9. Define Analysis Type

Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Steady-State > ok

10. Apply Constraints For thermal problems, constraints can be in the form of Temperature, Heat Flow, Convection, Heat Flux, Heat Generation, or Radiation. In this example, all 4 sides of the block have fixed temperatures.

Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Thermal > Temperature > On lines > using cursor select top horizontal line > ok The following window will appear:

Fill the window in as shown to constrain the side to a constant temperature of 500 Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Thermal > Temperature > On lines > using cursor select bottom horizontal line , left vertical line and right vertical line > ok The following window will appear:

108

Fill the window in as shown to constrain the side to a constant temperature of 100 Orange triangles in the graphics window indicate the temperature contraints.

11. After boundary condition and loading is done save the same on a previous new folder Ansys utility menu > plot controls > write metafile > invert white/black > Save

12. Solve the System

Solution > Solve > Current LS

Postprocessing: Viewing the Results 1. Results Using ANSYS

Plot Temperature General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu ... > DOF solution, Temperature TEMP

13. Save the same on a previous new folder

Ansys utility menu > plot controls > write metafile > invert white/black > Save

14. Ansys utility menu > plot controls > animate > deformed results > dof solution > nodal temp

RESULT:

109

Ex. No. : 16 CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF A 2D COMPONENT

Date :

AIM:

To perform convective heat transfer analysis of a given 2D component using FEA based ANSYS software and plot temperature distribution. PEROCEDURE:

1. Defining the Problem File > clear and start new > do not read file > ok > yes File > change title> convective 2D thermal analysis ANSYS Main Menu > preferences > turn on thermal

2. Define the Type of Element Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete... > click 'Add' > Select Thermal Mass Solid > Quad 4Node 55

3. Element Material Properties Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Thermal > Conductivity > Isotropic > KXX = 10 (Thermal conductivity)

4. Modeling

110

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Rectangle > By 2 Corners > X=0, Y=0, Width=1, Height=1

5. After modeling is done save the model on a new folder Ansys utility menu > plot controls > write metafile > invert white/black

6. Mesh Size Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > Manual Size > Areas > All Areas > 0.05


8. After meshing is done save the meshed model on a previous new folder Ansys utility menu > plot controls > write metafile > invert white/black

9. Define Analysis Type Loads > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Steady-State > ok 10. Apply Conduction Constraints

In this example, all 2 sides of the block have fixed temperatures, while convection occurs on the other 2 sides.

1. Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Thermal > Temperature > On Lines 2. Select the top line of the block and constrain it to a constant value of 500 3. Using the same method, constrain the left vertical line of the block to a constant

value of 100 11. Apply Convection Boundary Conditions

1. Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Thermal > Convection > On Lines 2. Select the right vertical line of the block.

The following window will appear:

111

3. Fill in the window as shown. This will specify a convection of 10 W/m2*C and an ambient temperature of 100 degrees Celcius. Note that VALJ and VAL2J have been left blank. This is because we have uniform convection across the line.

12. Apply Insulated Boundary Conditions 1. Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Thermal > Convection > On Lines 2. Select the bottom line of the block. 3. Enter a constant Film coefficient (VALI) of 0. This will eliminate convection

through the side, thereby modeling an insulated wall. Note: you do not need to enter a Bulk (or ambient) temperature.You should obtain the following:

13. After boundary condition and loading is

done save the same on a previous new folder Ansys utility menu > plot controls > write metafile > invert white/black > Save

14. Solve the System Solution > Solve > Current LS > Ok > Close

Plot Temperature General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu ... > DOF solution, Temperature TEMP

15. save the same on a previous new folder

Ansys utility menu > plot controls > write metafile > invert white/black > Save

16. Animate The Nodal Temperature Ansys utility menu > plot controls > animate > deformed results > dof solution > nodal temp

RESULT:

112

Ex. No. : 17 ANALYSIS OF FLUID FLOW OVER A HOLE

Date:

AIM:

To perform fluid flow analysis of a given 2D component using FEA based ANSYS software and plot velocity distribution and pressure distribution.

PROCEDURE

1. Defining the Problem

File > clear and start new > do not read file > ok > yes File > change title> Fluid Flow Analysis ANSYS Main Menu > preferences > turn on FLOTR

ansys manual r14

Documents