AnnouncementAnnouncement• New web pageNew web page• www.colorado.edu/music/courses/www.colorado.edu/music/courses/

emus1832004emus1832004

Exam on February 25Exam on February 25• Will cover Medieval, Renaissance, and Will cover Medieval, Renaissance, and

Baroque periodBaroque period• Will also cover some basic musical Will also cover some basic musical

terminologyterminology• Listening examples (refer to GUIDES Listening examples (refer to GUIDES

not CD tracks): 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 16, not CD tracks): 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, and 2117, 18, 20, and 21

• Bring a #2 pencilBring a #2 pencil

Lutheran Cantatas Lutheran Cantatas • Liturgical music for Protestant Liturgical music for Protestant

(Lutheran) service(Lutheran) service• Bach wrote one every week during his Bach wrote one every week during his

first few years in Leipzig.first few years in Leipzig.• Bach’s works consist of several Bach’s works consist of several

movements (5-8) movements (5-8) • with arias, recitatives and choruseswith arias, recitatives and choruses• some based on a single tune that some based on a single tune that

appears throughout the movementsappears throughout the movements

Cantata: A Mighty Cantata: A Mighty FortressFortress

• Choral tune “A Mighty Fortress” …Choral tune “A Mighty Fortress” …• Created in the time of the Created in the time of the

Reformation, by Martin Luther himselfReformation, by Martin Luther himself• hymn tune- in German rather than hymn tune- in German rather than

LatinLatin• originally sung monophonically- then originally sung monophonically- then

in homophonic settingsin homophonic settings• permeates the entire cantata by Bachpermeates the entire cantata by Bach

Cantata: A Mighty Cantata: A Mighty Fortress Fortress

• Last movement:Last movement: Das wort, sie Das wort, sie sollen sollen (#8)(#8)

• Straightforward, homophonic Straightforward, homophonic setting of the tune.setting of the tune.

• Bach harmonized the original Bach harmonized the original tune in 4-partstune in 4-parts

• His son Wilhelm added the His son Wilhelm added the timpani and trumpets … for timpani and trumpets … for grandeurgrandeur

Cantata: A Mighty Cantata: A Mighty FortressFortress

• First movement: chorale fugueFirst movement: chorale fugue• Fugue: a type of imitation (very

systematic and formal way of writing music)

• Fugue theme (called subject) is based on chorale tune

Cantata: A Mighty Cantata: A Mighty FortressFortress

• Second movementSecond movement• Duet for soprano and bass• Also derived from chorale tune

George Frederic HandelGeorge Frederic Handel• Born in GermanyBorn in Germany• Spent most of life in EnglandSpent most of life in England• Known for writing opera in ItalianKnown for writing opera in Italian• Also known for ORATORIOSAlso known for ORATORIOS

OratorioOratorio• Definition: a work for chorus, vocal Definition: a work for chorus, vocal

soloists, and orchestra on a sacred soloists, and orchestra on a sacred subject (usually Old Testament subject (usually Old Testament stories)stories)

• Many of Handel’s were in EnglishMany of Handel’s were in English• Most famous: MessiahMost famous: Messiah

• Written for a charity concert in Dublin, Ireland

Handel’s MessiahHandel’s Messiah• written in 1742written in 1742• Not a typical oratorio because it Not a typical oratorio because it

doesn’t tell a single storydoesn’t tell a single story• in three parts, each articulating in three parts, each articulating

a part of Christian doctrine.a part of Christian doctrine.• Christmas- prophesy• Easter- suffering and death, Resurrection• Redemption

Messiah: first excerptMessiah: first excerpt• (skip the overture-start your listening (skip the overture-start your listening

at track 21)at track 21)• Chorus “glory to God” Chorus “glory to God”

• Preceded by recitative (first with basso continuo, then with orchestra)

• Examples of text painting in chorus?

Messiah: second excerptMessiah: second excerpt• ““Rejoice greatly” Rejoice greatly” • Aria for sopranoAria for soprano• Form ABA (with orchestra introduction)Form ABA (with orchestra introduction)• Virtuoso singingVirtuoso singing• Listen for which words are emphasizedListen for which words are emphasized

• (Emphasis on certain words is a way of interpreting the text)

Messiah: third excerptMessiah: third excerpt• Famous “Hallelujah!”Famous “Hallelujah!”• Listen for the differences between Listen for the differences between

homophonic texture and fuguehomophonic texture and fugue• Fugue is an older style used for Fugue is an older style used for

serious subjects, a musical symbol of serious subjects, a musical symbol of tradition (eg. ”he shall reign forever tradition (eg. ”he shall reign forever and ever”)and ever”)

Antonio VivaldiAntonio Vivaldi• Spent much of his life in Venice, ItalySpent much of his life in Venice, Italy• Taught at a high-class orphanage for Taught at a high-class orphanage for

girlsgirls• Girls were highly trained musically• Wrote hundreds of CONCERTOS for

them

ConcertoConcerto• Definition: work for soloist (or a group Definition: work for soloist (or a group

of soloists) and orchestraof soloists) and orchestra• Most of Vivaldi’s were written for his Most of Vivaldi’s were written for his

students to playstudents to play• Most of Vivaldi’s were for stringed Most of Vivaldi’s were for stringed

instruments, but he also wrote instruments, but he also wrote concertos for unusual instruments concertos for unusual instruments like piccolo and mandolinlike piccolo and mandolin

ConcertoConcerto• Famous example: The Four SeasonsFamous example: The Four Seasons• Group of concertos for violinGroup of concertos for violin• Intended to depict winter, spring, Intended to depict winter, spring,

summer, and fallsummer, and fall

Vivaldi, ‘Spring”Vivaldi, ‘Spring”• From The Four SeasonsFrom The Four Seasons• Form: alternating orchestra part Form: alternating orchestra part

(called RITORNELLO) with soloist (called RITORNELLO) with soloist part (called EPISODE)part (called EPISODE)

• Solo episodes depict scenes from Solo episodes depict scenes from spring: birds, brook, thunderspring: birds, brook, thunder