annex iii results of pcm workshop - jicaiii - 2 chapter 2 objectives and methodology 2.1 objectives...

ANNEX III

RESULTS OF PCM WORKSHOP

i

The Feasibility Studyon

Integrated Agricultural and Rural Developmentin

Highland Area in the Republic of Indonesia

ANNEX III RESULTS OF PCM WORKSHOP

Table of Contents

Page

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. III-1

Chapter 2 OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY................................................ III-2

2.1 Objectives .................................................................................................... III-2

2.2 Methodology ................................................................................................ III-2

2.2.1 Program of PCM Workshop ............................................................ III-2

2.2.2 Participants of Village PCM Workshop ........................................... III-2

2.2.3 Moderator and Co-moderator ......................................................... III-3

Chapter 3 RESULTS OF PCM WORKSHOP......................................................... III-4

3.1 Participation Analysis .................................................................................. III-4

3.2 Problem Analysis ......................................................................................... III-4

3.3 Objective Analysis and Identification of Project Approaches ....................... III-6

3.4 Selection of Project Approaches ................................................................... III-6

3.5 Preparation of PDM ..................................................................................... III-7

ii

List of Tables

Table III-1 List of Participants and Observers in Village PCM Workshop........... T-III-1

Table III-2 Integrated Agricultural and Rural Development Project inMekarjaya (PDM) ........................................................................... T-III-5

Table III-3 Integrated Agricultural and Rural Development Project inLangensari (PDM)............................................................................ T-III-6

Table III-4 Integrated Agricultural and Rural Development Project inTugumukti (PDM) ............................................................................ T-III-7

Table III-5 Integrated Agricultural and Rural Development Project inGekbrong (PDM).............................................................................. T-III-8

Table III-6 Integrated Agricultural and Rural Development Project inCisurupan (PDM) ............................................................................. T-III-9

Table III-7 Integrated Agricultural and Rural Development Project inTanjungkarya (PDM).......................................................................T-III-10

Table III-8 Integrated Agricultural and Rural Development Project inMekarmukti (PDM).........................................................................T-III-11

Table III-9 Integrated Agricultural and Rural Development Project inCisantana (PDM).............................................................................T-III-12

List of Figures

Figure III-1 Program of PCM Workshop...............................................................F-III-1

Figure III-2 Participation Analysis - People, Groups, OrganizationsRelated to Agricultural Production Activities.....................................F-III-2

Figure III-3 Participation Analysis - Characteristics and Problems ofAgriculture ........................................................................................F-III-6

Figure III-4 Problem Tree in Mekarjaya................................................................F-III-9

Figure III-5 Problem Tree in Langensari.............................................................F-III-10

Figure III-6 Problem Tree in Tugumukti .............................................................F-III-11

Figure III-7 Problem Tree in Gekbrong...............................................................F-III-12

Figure III-8 Problem Tree in Cisurupan ..............................................................F-III-13

Figure III-9 Problem Tree in Tanjungkarya.........................................................F-III-14

Figure III-10 Problem Tree in Mekarmukti...........................................................F-III-15

Figure III-11 Problem Tree in Cisantana...............................................................F-III-16

Figure III-12 Objective Tree with Identified Project Approaches inMekarjaya .......................................................................................F-III-17

Figure III-13 Objective Tree with Identified Project Approaches inLangensari.......................................................................................F-III-18

Figure III-14 Objective Tree with Identified Project Approaches inTugumukti.......................................................................................F-III-19

Figure III-15 Objective Tree with Identified Project Approaches inGekbrong ........................................................................................F-III-20

iii

Figure III-16 Objective Tree with Identified Project Approaches inCisurupan........................................................................................F-III-21

Figure III-17 Objective Tree with Identified Project Approaches inTanjungkarya...................................................................................F-III-22

Figure III-18 Objective Tree with Identified Project Approaches inMekarmukti.....................................................................................F-III-23

Figure III-19 Objective Tree with Identified Project Approaches inCisantana.........................................................................................F-III-24

III - 1

CHAPTER 1 INTORODUCTION

The Project Cycle Management (PCM) method has been applied to the project

planning process with a view to formulating the project based on participatory

approach. In accordance with the concept of participatory planning of PCM, the

village PCM workshop was held at each model area inviting farmers living there.

In the workshop, three steps of analysis, i.e. “participation analysis”, “problem

analysis” and “objective analysis” were made together with farmers.

All important information from the village PCM workshop was examined in the

next step of “alternative analysis” for identification of project approaches. In the

final step, the Project Design Matrix (PDM) was prepared for each model area.

The analyses in the latter two steps were carried out in cooperation with the

counterpart team.

This Annex presents all the important results of the PCM related studies which

were carried out in the First Stage Study period in Indonesia from the end of

September to the beginning of December 1999. In Chapter 2, the objectives and

methodology of the PCM workshop are described. In Chapter 3, the results of

PCM workshops are explained including the problem trees and objective trees

analyzed in the model areas. PDM, which shows the frame of the Project in each

model area, is also presented in Chapter 3.

III - 2

CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY

2.1 Objectives

The objectives of the PCM workshop were as follows:

a) To confirm farmers’ needs and/or potential to the agricultural development,

b) To have common understanding between the project planner (Study Team and

counterpart team) and farmer beneficiaries on the present problems/

constraints to the agricultural development, and appropriate approaches for

the solution of such problems/constraints, and

c) To prepare PDM based on the results of analyses in the workshop.

2.2 Methodology

2.2.1 Program of PCM Workshop

In each location of the model area, three days were spent for the village PCM

workshop. The basic program of the workshop was as follows (see Figure III-1

for the detailed program):

- First day; participation analysis

- Second day; problem analysis

- Third day; objective analysis

About two hours of time were spent for each analysis. For the problem analysis,

however, the time exceeded more than two hours in many model areas. A place of

the workshop was the village office in most model areas.

Identification of the project approaches and preparation of PDM were carried out

together with the counterpart team in the meeting room of the Provincial

Agricultural Service Office, West Java Province. These works were made in the

small scale seminars opened for two times. The first one was held at the end of

October　1999, and the second one was held in the mid-November (see Figure

III-1).

2.2.2 Participants of Village PCM Workshop

In advance of the village PCM workshop in each model area, through the district

agricultural service office, each village office was requested to select 15

participants who were the representatives of owner farmers, tenant farmers,

owner-cum-tenant farmers, labor farmers and woman farmers. However, the

actual composition of the participants was not always balanced as shown in the

III - 3

table below.

Composition of Participants to Village PCM Workshop

Model AreaOwnerFarmer(person)

TenantFarmer(person)

Owner +Tenant

(person)

LaborFarmer(person)

(Female)

(person)

TotalParticipants

(person)1. Mekarjaya 9 4 2 0 (0) 152. Langensari 6 4 5 0 (2) 153. Tugumukti 8 3 2 2 (0) 154. Gekbrong 1 8 4 2 (0) 155. Cisurupan 6 3 2 0 (0) 116. Tanjungkarya 9 2 5 0 (1) 167. Mekarmukti 13 0 2 0 (1) 158. Cisantana 8 0 3 0 (0) 11 Total 60 24 25 4 (4) 113

In addition, relevant officers from the village office, district and subdistrict

agricultural service offices were requested to attend the workshop as observers,

expecting their understanding of the PCM method (a list of participants and

observers of the village PCM workshop is presented in Table III-1).

2.2.3 Moderator and Co-moderator

The Rural Society/Farmers’ Organization expert of the Study Team took charge of

moderator of the PCM workshop. Both a counterpart of the expert and an

assistant (cum-interpreter) who was temporally employed for the operation of the

workshop took charge of co-moderator.

III - 4

CHAPTER 3 RESULTS OF PCM WORKSHOP

3.1 Participation Analysis

In the participation analysis, people, groups, organizations related to the

agricultural production activities were analyzed. Although there were some

differences between the model areas, the result can be summarized as follows

(details of each model area are presented in Figure III-2):

Summary of Participation Analysis Result

Related to cropproduction

Farmers, Farmers Groups, Farm Water Users Association, LaborFarmers

Related to marketingof products:

Village middlemen, Middlemen from Outside, Village Car Owners,Bandung Market, Jakarta Market

Related to farm inputsupply

Village Mini-shop (KIOS), Sub-district Level Retailers, VegetableSeeds Retailers in Bandung and Lembang, Village Seed Growers,KUD, Village Tractor Owners, Village Buffalo Owners, CompostFertilizer Sellers

Agriculturalsupporting services

PPL, PHP, LSM, KUD, Banks at District and Sub-district levels,Extension Office (BPP), District Agricultural Service Office, DistrictLivestock Service Office, District Public Works Service Office

After the above analysis, characteristics and problems of agriculture in each model

area were analyzed as an introduction part of the problem analysis. The results

are presented in Figure III-3.

3.2 Problem Analysis

The core problem and its direct causes analyzed in each model area are presented

in the table below (the problem trees from the eight model areas are given in

Figures from III-4 to III-11).

Core Problem and Its Direct Causes Analyzed in Each Model Area

Direct CausesModel Area Core Problem

１２３４

1. Mekarjaya Lack of capital Low agricultureincome

Difficulty inloaning

2. Langensari Lack of capital Low agricultureincome


3. Tugumukti Low agricultureincome

Low price ofproducts

Low cropproduction

Unemploymentof farm labors indry season

4. Gekbrong Lack of capital Low agricultureincome


5. Cisurupan Low agricultureincome


High price offarm inputs

Low cropproduction

No agro-processingactivities

6. Tanjungkarya Lack of capital Low agricultureincome


7. Mekarmukti Lack of capital Low agricultureincome


8. Cisantana Low agricultureincome

Low cropproduction


III - 5

Further causes of the direct causes (or causes of the direct causes) in the above

table were similar in the eight model areas. For easy understanding of problems

in the model areas, these causes are classified into (i) production infrastructure,

(ii) production technology, (iii) production inputs, (iv) outputs marketing, (v)

agricultural supporting services, and (vi) others as described below (in each

parenthesis, problems derived from corresponding cause are presented).

a） Production infrastructure

- Inadequacy or insufficiency of irrigation facility (difficult dry season

cropping, low crop production, difficult control of cropping season, etc.)

- Poor condition of village road (little availability of middlemen, difficult

sale of products, etc.)

b） Production technology

- Lack of vegetable production technology (high damage of pest/ disease,

low crop production, low quality of products, etc.)

- Lack of soil management technology（high damage of pest/ disease, low

crop production, etc.）

c） Production inputs

- Expensive farm inputs（ small application/utilization of farm inputs,

inappropriate plant management, etc.）

- Expensive and difficult to obtain improved seeds（low crop production,

low quality of products, etc.）

- Expensive and difficult to obtain compost fertilizer（ small input of

compost fertilizer, soil deterioration, etc.）

- Lack of production tools and machinery (inappropriate chemical spraying,

difficult pump irrigation, etc.)

d） Outputs marketing

- Low price and large fluctuation of vegetable price (low agriculture income,

instability of agriculture income, etc.)

- Low quality of vegetable products (low price for sale, etc.)

e） Agricultural supporting service

- Difficult to obtain loan (insufficient application/ utilization of farm inputs,

etc.)

- Insufficient availability of extension service (lack of vegetable production

technology, weak farmers’ organization, etc.)

f） Others

- Shortage of land (high cropping intensity, injury by continuous cropping,

III - 6

increase application of agro-chemical, etc.)

- Many non-certificate land (difficult loaning, etc.)

- Shortage of farm labor (inappropriate crop management, increased

production cost, etc.)

- Lack of farmers’ organizational capability (difficult loaning, difficult joint

purchase of farm inputs, difficult joint sale of products, etc.)

3.3 Objective Analysis and Identification of Project Approaches

In the workshop of each model area, the objective tree was prepared. Based on

the objective tree, the project approaches were then identified for each model area.

The identified project approaches are summarized in the table below (the results

of examination made on the project approaches are presented in Figures from III-

12 to III-19).

Project Approaches Identified on Objective Trees

Approach ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧1. Irrigation facility

improvement/ developmentYES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES

2. Village road improvement YES YES YES3. Vegetable production

technology improvementYES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES

4. Vegetable products qualityimprovement

YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES

5. Farmers’ organizationactivation


6. Agricultural supportingservice improvement


7. Land certification programpromotion

YES YES YES YES YES

8. Farm road improvement YES9. Agro-processing industry

developmentYES

①Mekarjaya ④Gekbrong ⑦Mekarmukti②Langensari ⑤Cisurupan ⑧Cisantana③Tugumukti ⑥Tanjungkarya

3.4 Selection of Project Approaches

Based on the concept that the agriculture and rural society should be developed in

an integrated manner, the selection of the project approaches was carried out. In

the selection, issues examined were as follows:

a) As a result of an examination made on project components in each approach,

the “irrigation facility improvement/development approach” and the

“vegetable production technology improvement approach” were combined

into the “vegetable production system improvement approach”. This

combined approach was then selected.

III - 7

b) The “marketing road improvement approach”, the “vegetable products quality

improvement approach” and the “farm road improvement approach” were

combined into the “vegetable products marketing system improvement

approach”. This combined approach was also selected.

c) The “land certification program promotion approach” was not selected

considering its probability of achieving objectives and a size of target group.

In the land certification program, landowners are usually requested to spend a

much cost and time (which mean low probability of achieving objectives).

In addition, this approach doesn’t support tenant farmers, but owner farmers

(small size of target group).

d) The “agro-processing industry development approach” was not selected

considering that this approach would be necessary after the achievement of

“farmers’ organization activation” (low probability of achieving objectives).

e) The “farmers’ organization activation approach” was selected so as to cover

the component expected in the “agricultural supporting service improvement

approach”. Under this approach, the project itself will assist the farmers and

the farmers’ organizations in the model areas.

The selected three approaches consisting of (i) vegetable production technology

improvement, (ii) vegetable products marketing system improvement, and (iii)

farmers’ organization activation are proposed to be implemented in all the model

areas, although the project “inputs” under these approaches would be different

among the model areas. The selected approaches in each model area are then

summarized as follows.

Approaches Selected for Model Areas

Approach ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧1. Vegetable production

technology improvementYES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES

2. Vegetable products marketingsystem improvement


3. Farmers’ organization activation YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES①Mekarjaya ④Gekbrong ⑦Mekarmukti②Langensari ⑤Cisurupan ⑧Cisantana③Tugumukti ⑥Tanjungkarya

3.5 Preparation of PDM

PDM was prepared for each model area based on the objective tree and the results

of the above examination made on the project approaches. In the preparation,

the “project summary” was first prepared in collaboration with the counterpart

team. Second, other parts of PDM including the “inputs” were analyzed by the

Study Team. The final results of PDM presented in the Interim Report are

III - 8

presented in Tables from III-2 to III-9. The project summary given in PDM can

be described as follows.

a) Project Purpose: Farmers’ income is increased and living standard is

improved through stabilization of vegetable production.

b) Overall Goal: Development model of the model area is expanded over

highland area of West Java Province.

c) Outputs: The following three outputs;

- Vegetable production system is improved.

- Marketing system of vegetable products is improved.

- Farmers’ organizations are activated in agricultural development.

d) Activities:

Although the “activities” differ with the model areas, those in the typical

PDM are as follows:

For the output of “vegetable production system is improved”;

- To develop irrigation facility including domestic water supply,

- To establish linkage with relevant research institutes, and

- To operate farmers field school along with demo-plots.

For the output of “marketing system of vegetable products is improved”;

- To improve collection and delivery facilities for vegetable products,

- To improve village marketing road, and

- To train farmers on crop planning based on market needs involving private

sector.

For the output of “farmers’ organizations are activated in agricultural

development”;

- To train farmers/ farmer groups in forming Farmers Cooperative, Farm

Water Users Association, and Rural Water Supply Users Association.

- To train farmers’ organizations on i) operation and management of rural

facility, ii) joint purchase of farm inputs and tools, iii) joint collection and

delivery of vegetable products, iv) post-harvest handling and packaging, v)

credit handling and management, vi) organization management.

Tables

No. Name Sex Age Dusun Operated Remarks

Land (ha)

MEKARJAYA

Participants

1 Endang Dayu Male 48 Dusun II 2.50

2 Mama R Male 41 Dusun II 0.71

3 Ale Male 34 Dusun III 1.00

4 Juju Male 36 Dusun III 1.00

5 Yoyo Male 28 Dusun III 1.00

6 Ajang Sutiatna Male 39 Dusun III 1.00

7 Endang Rukmaya Male 56 Dusun II 1.00

8 Yoyo Male 60 Dusun III 1.00

9 Lili Male 52 Dusun I 1.43

10 Uus Susanto Male 32 Dusun III 4.00

11 Otong Surahman Male 46 Dusun I 0.43

12 Anang Rochendi Male 45 Dusun I 1.43

13 Dadang Male 38 Dusun I 0.91

14 Toto Male 39 Dusun III 1.29

15 Yaya Sahyana Male 51 Dusun I 1.50

Observers

1 Deden M Taftazany Male PPS,Diperta Kab. DT II Bandung

2 Edi Yusuf Male PPL,Kec. Arjasari

3 Ali Amjahya Male Sekdes,Desa Mekarjaya

4 Mahmud S Male Kades, Desa Mekarjaya

LANGENSARI

Participants

1 Wawan Hermawan Male 32 Nyampay 0.14

2 Amas Supriadi Male 54 Nyampay 0.14

3 Imas Halimah Female 43 Nyampay 0.21

4 Euis Yati Female 34 Nyampay 0.43

5 Uar Hadiat Male 47 Nyampay 0.79

6 Suhaya Male 50 Nyampay 0.14

7 Enung Ruhimat Male 26 Nyampay 0.29

8 Caca Sutisna Male 27 Nyampay 0.29

9 Emus Male 82 Nyampay 0.43

10 Supriatna Male 40 Nyampay 0.14

11 Marna Male 57 Nyampay 0.43

12 Abdul Somad Male 40 Nyampay 0.14

13 Anang Hidayat Male 57 Nyampay 0.24

14 Dolrani DL Male 70 Nyampay 0.29

15 Uce Somantri Male 51 Nyampay 0.57

Observers

1 Sudyatman Male PPL, Kec. Lenbang

2 Ukas Male Kades, Kp Langensari

3 Imas Female Istri Kades, Kp Langensari

TUGUMUKTI

Participants

1 H. Ismail. H. Male 30 Tugu II 2.00

2 H. Sjahid A Male 39 Tugu IV 7.00

3 H. Sulaeman Male 50 Tugu II 0.28

4 Rukman Male 40 Tugu II 0.14

5 H. Ismattuloh Male 30 Tugu I 2.00

6 H. Soleh Male 30 Tugu IV 4.00

7 Uta Rustaya Male 48 Tugu II 0.75

8 Uci Male 65 Tugu II 0.50

9 Nandi Aji Male 40 Tugu II 0.00

10 Kokom Male 44 Tugu IV 0.14

11 Unda Male 40 Tugu IV 0.06

12 Didi Male 40 Tugu V 0.00

13 Atim Male 55 Tugu V 1.00

14 Sopyani Male 49 Tugu VI 0.21

15 Hamdi Male 67 Tugu VI 0.70

Table III-1 (1/4) List of Participants and Observors in Village PCM Workshop

T - III - 1


Land (ha)

GEKBRONG

Participants

1 Jueng Sobani Male 64 Tabrik 0.56

2 Suparman Male 40 Tabrik 0.80

3 Abeh Kosasih Male 46 Babakan 1.00

4 Didi Male 49 Loji 0.40

5 H. Ishaq Male 65 Kenket 0.40

6 Aep Saepudin Male 30 Loji 0.80

7 Oim Male 38 Kebon Karet 1.00

8 Oling Male 50 Babakan 1.00

9 Bubun Male 39 Loji 0.52

10 Mansur Male 45 Kebon Karet 0.12

11 Solih Male 52 Loji 1.00

12 Ali Nurjaman Male 30 Kebon Karet 0.48

13 Umar Male 37 Loji 0.16

14 Jajang Male 30 Loji 0.00

15 Irin Male 30 Loji 0.00

Observers

1 Dadang H Male Chief of sub Section Water

Management&Climate Observer,

Food Crrop Office Cianjur

2 Lili Mulyadin Male Sub Section of Social, Kecamatan

Warung Kondang

3 Entus Kusdinar Male PPL, Kec. Warung Kondang

4 Adang Supriatna Male PPL, Gekbrong

5 M Hasan Kurdi Male Head of Sub Office, Sub of Agricul-

ture Office Kec. Warung Kondang

6 M Oneng Male Head of Gekbrong Village

7 E Melamas Male LKMD, Gekbrong

CISURUPAN

Participants

1 Jajang Male 31 Kp. Cisero 1.00

2 Apip Male 26 Kp. Sari Pulo 0.14

3 Aban Ruchyana Male 55 Kp. Pasar Wetan 1.50

4 Ica Andriana Male 35 Kp. Sari Pulo 0.29

5 Eron Suwarwa Male 56 Kp. Sari Pulo 0.14

6 Oman Rukmana Male 36 Kp. Sari Pulo 0.11

7 Arif Male 35 Kp. Kidul 0.14

8 Ujer Male 55 Kp. Sari Pulo 0.14

9 Maman Male 50 Kp. Sari Pulo 0.43

10 M. Soeparman Male 58 Kp. Pasar Tengah 0.29

11 Ohib Male 30 Kp. Sari Pulo 0.43

Observers

1 Wahyu Marno Male Dit BRPL-Subdit TLA

2 Herry Male Dit BRPL-Subdit LPT

3 Endang Karun Male Head of Agricultural

4 Juju Rukman Male PHP

5 Iis Indrayani Male Kasubsi Dit GA

6 Beni Yoga G Male Staff Rehaliasi

7 Achmad Sulaeman Male Kasi Rehaliasi

8 Suhermat Male Dinas Pertanian Prop DTI Jabar

TANJUNGKARUYA

Participants

1 Pendi Male 47 Kp. Cidadali 0.57

2 M.O. Bunyamin Male 55 Kp. Pakuhaji 2.14

3 Wahidin Male 50 Kp. Engkol 2.00

4 M. Dana K Male 60 Kp. Pangkalan 1.71

5 Idan Male 50 Kp. Pakuhaji 3.00

6 Jajang Male 30 Kp. Tanjung 2.14

7 Adin Male 60 Kp. Rantun 2.14


T - III - 2


Land (ha)

8 Suhanda Male 45 Kp. Pakuhaji 1.71

9 Aid Male 50 Kp. Sidodadi 2.00

10 Misbah Male 40 Kp. Bojongsirna 2.14

11 Suratman Male 50 Kp. Awiligar 2.14

12 Emud Male 57 Kp. Pasarmuncang 0.86

13 Inan Male 50 Kp. Cidadali 2.14

14 Sajid Male 65 Kp Awiligar 1.43

15 Iding S Male 60 Kp. Tanjung Simuru 6.00

16 Tati Rohyati Female 26 Kp. Tanjung Simuru 2.14

Observers

1 N. Sunendar Male PPS, Dinas Pertanian, Kab. Garut

2 Endang N Female KCD, Pertanaian Samarang

3 Rusganda Male Head of Tanjung karya Village

4 A. Mulyadi Male Secretary of Tanjung karya Village

5 Suhanda Male Head of Tanjung karya Village

6 Wahidin Male Head of Tanjung karya Village

7 Harun Male Head of Public Prosperity

8 Adin Male Head of Development

MEKARMUKTI

Participants

1 E. Toyib Male 47 Citunggul 0.86

2 Juhari S Male 30 Ciliang 0.71

3 Ojim Male 40 Citunggul 0.21

4 Kusna Male 60 Citunggul 1.01

5 Taryat Male 28 Ciliang 0.21

6 Jana Male 55 Ciliang 0.71

7 Asari Male 58 Ciliang 0.71

8 Hatijah Female 43 Ciliang 0.57

9 Ojo Tasja Male 53 Citunggul 1.14

10 Tatang Male 35 Ciliang 1.00

11 Salnam Male 45 Citunggul 0.36

12 Madhani Male 52 Ciliang 1.50

13 Saim Male 72 Ciliang 2.86

14 M. Soleh Male 60 Citunggul 2.14

15 Karna Male 73 Ciliang 0.29

Observers

1 Amir Male KCD. Buahdua

2 Dedeng Male Researcher plant disease, Buah dua

3 Maman Suparman Male Agricultural official Sumedang

4 S. sugiatna Male Secretary of Village

5 Suryana Male Mekarmukti

6 A. Sukria Male Defense Institute of Villager

7 Omo Male Jugul

8 Oman Rutanan Male Head of Mekarmukti Village

CISANTANA

Participants

1 Kalim Male 59 Cisantana 0.56

2 Sumarno Male 57 Cisantana 0.21

3 Suhenda Male 60 Cisantana 0.36

4 Saleh Male 59 Cisantana 0.43

5 Darso Male 42 Cisantana 0.24

6 Tarlan Male 57 Cisantana 0.18

7 Ganda Suralaksana Male 77 Cisantana 0.43

8 Darsipin Male 65 Cisantana 0.29

9 Haruman Male 29 Malar Aman 0.29

10 U. Sukirman Male 53 Dusun Dano 1.00

11 Warsono Male 40 Sukamanah 0.29

Observers

1 Ir. Triastami Male PCH Kasi Lahan, Dinas Pertanian

Kuningan


T - III - 3


Land (ha)

2 Tatang Sutardi Male Kasubsi TOA, Dinas Pertanian,

Kuningan

3 Emon Male KCD Cigugur

4 Rustaman Male Kepala BPP Cigugur

5 Dadin Male PPL Cisantana, Cigugur

6 Affandi Male Head of Cisantana Village

PCM WORKSHOP FOR PDM PREPARATION

(October 28, 1999)

Participants

1 Ir. Suhermat Male Counterpart of Dinas Pertanian

from West Java

2 Tatang Sutardi Male Counterpart of Dinas Pertanian

from Kuningan

3 Maman Suparman Male Counterpart of Dinas Pertanian

from Sumedang

4 Beni YG Male Counterpart of Dinas Pertanian

from Garut

5 Deden M Male Counterpart of Dinas Pertanian

from West Java

6 Achmad Male Counterpart of Dinas Pertanian

from Garut

7 Tangkas Pandjaitan Male Staff, Directorate of Land

Rehabilitation and Development

8 Ir. H. Aan Suhandi Male MOA Counterpart

9 Dadeng SA Male Counterpart from West Java

10 Kurniadhi Didi Male Counterpart from West Java

11 Suyatman Male Counterpart from West Java

12 H. Kuronuma Male JICA Study Team,

Team Leader

13 N. Sanbe Male JICA Study Team,

Rural Infrastructure

14 H. Ishikawa Male JICA Study Team,

Agronomist

15 T. Saito Male JICA Study Team,

Agro-processing/Marketing

16 Y. Mizuguchi Male JICA Study Team,

Environment


T - III - 4

T - III - 5

Table III-2 Integrated Agricultural and Rural Development Project in Mekarjaya (PDM)

Target Group：Farmers in Mekarjaya Model Area (including tenant farmers) Project Term：5 yearsProject Summary Verifiable Indicators Means of Verification Important AssumptionsOverall GoalDevelopment model of the model area is expanded overhighland area of West Java Province.

- Increased number of similar schemes - District and Sub-district Agricultural ServiceOffices

- Ministry of Agriculture continuouslyadopts the horticultural dev. policy.

Project PurposeFarmers’ income is increased and living standard isimproved through stabilization of vegetable production.

- Increase rate of farm income (to be adjustedusing GDP deflator)

- Farm surveys to be made in project monitoringworks

- Economic situations of Indonesia donot aggravate seriously.

Outputs1.1-11-2

1-3

2.2-12-22-3

3.3-13-2

Vegetable production system is improved.Irrigation water is supplied.Research information on vegetable crop cultivationtechnology is available.Farmers’ vegetable production technology is improved.

Marketing system of vegetable products is improved.Farmers’ collection and delivery activities are improved.Village transportation system is improved.Crop planning is formulated by farmers based on marketneeds.

Farmers’ organizations are activated in agricultural dev.Farmers/farmer groups are reorganized.Capacity of farmers’ organizations is improved in O&Mof rural facilities, marketing of vegetables, farm inputs &credit supply, and organizational management.

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Vegetable cropping intensityUnit yields of vegetable crops

Amount of farm inputs

Amount and value of jointly delivered vegetablesNumber of in-coming middlemenChanges in cropping intensity

Date of registration and number of membersPlanned and actual cropping patternsNumber of credit users and loan amountHandling amount and value of farm inputsOperation of Farmers’ CooperativeOperation of Farm Water Users Association

--

-

---

------

Record of Farm Water Users AssociationFarm surveys

Farm surveys

Record of Farmers’ CooperativeInformation from Farmers’ CooperativeRecord of WUA/Farm surveys

Registration records of Coop. and WUARecord of WUA and farm surveysRecord of Farmers’ CooperativeRecord of Farmers’ CooperativeBalance sheet of Farmers’ CooperativeBalance sheet of Farm Water Users Association

-

-

Existing marketing and transportationsystem for vegetables do notaggravate seriously.Relevant research institutes continuetheir research works.

Activities Inputs for this Model Area (Inputs for All Model Areas)1-11-21-3

2-1

2-22-3

3-1

3-2

To develop irrigation facility.To establish linkage with relevant research institutes.To operate farmers field school along with demo-plots.

To improve collection and delivery facilities for vegetableproducts.To improve village marketing road.To train farmers on crop planning based on market needsinvolving private sector.

To train farmers/farmer groups in forming Farmers’Cooperative, Farm Water Users Association, and RuralWater Supply Users Association.To train farmers’ organizations on:3.2.1 operation and management of rural facility,3.2.2 joint purchase of farm inputs and tools,3.2.3 joint collection and delivery of vegetable products,3.2.4 post-harvest handling and packaging,3.2.5 credit handling and management, and3.2.6 organization management.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Manpower- Village Coordinators：324M/M (Rp.648 mil.)

Facility- Irrigation facility: 100 ha (Rp.658 mil.)- Village marketing road: 3.3 km (Rp.511 mil.)- Collection/delivery facility: 10 units (Rp.100 mil.)

Training of farmers/farmer groups/farmers’ organizations: (Rp.242 mil.)

Training of Village Coordinators: (Rp. 16 mil.)

Administration cost: (Rp.218 mil.)

Total Cost: Rp.2,393 million

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Manpower- External experts: 540 M/M (Rp.25,290 mil.)

Facility- Adaptive Trial Farm Improvement: 2 ha (Rp.320 mil.)Machine/Equipment- Car: 2 units- Computer: 5 units- Photo copy machine: 1 unit- Motorcycle for Village Coordinator: 25 units (Rp.425mil.)Training of Task Team: (Rp.471 mil.)

Administration cost: (Rp.2,650 mil.)


-

-

-

-

-

Cooperation of relevant researchinstitutes is provided.Cooperation of relevant agencies atprovincial, district and sub-districtlevels is provided.Cooperation of provate sector isprovided.

Pre-conditionsFarmers in the model area participatein the Project.Ministry of Agriculture and West JavaProvince Agricultural Service Officecontinue their support to the Project.

T - III - 6

Table III-3 Integrated Agricultural and Rural Development Project in Langensari (PDM)

Target Group：Farmers in Langensari Model Area (including tenant farmers) Project Term：5 yearsProject Summary Verifiable Indicators Means of Verification Important AssumptionsOverall GoalDevelopment model of the model area is expanded overhighland area of West Java Province.







Outputs1.1-11-2

1-3

2.2-12-22-3

3.3-13-2

Vegetable production system is improved.Irrigation water is supplied together with domestic water.Research information on vegetable crop cultivationtechnology is available.Farmers’ vegetable production technology is improved.



--

-

---

-------




Date of registration and number of membersPlanned and actual cropping patternsNumber of credit users and loan amountHandling amount and value of farm inputsOperation of Farmers’ CooperativeOperation of Farm Water Users AssociationOperation of Rural Water Supply Users Associat.

--

-

---

-------


Farm surveys


Registration records of Coop. and WUARecord of WUA and farm surveysRecord of Farmers’ CooperativeRecord of Farmers’ CooperativeBalance sheet of Farmers’ CooperativeBalance sheet of Farm Water Users AssociationBalance sheet of Rural Water Supply Users Ass.

-

-



2-1

2-22-3

3-1

3-2

To develop irrigation facility including rural water supply.To establish linkage with relevant research institutes.To operate farmers field school along with demo-plots.



1.

2.

3.

4.

5.


Facility- Irrigation facility: 72 ha (Rp.513 mil.)- Village marketing road: 1.2 km (Rp.211 mil.)- Collection/delivery facility: 7 units (Rp. 70 mil.)- Rural water supply system: 600 households (Rp.240 mil.)





1.

2.

3.

4.

5.





-

-

-

-

-



T - III - 7

Table III-4 Integrated Agricultural and Rural Development Project in Tugumukti (PDM)

Target Group：Farmers in Tugumukti Model Area (including tenant farmers) Project Term：5 yearsProject Summary Verifiable Indicators Means of Verification Important AssumptionsOverall GoalDevelopment model of the model area is expanded overhighland area of West Java Province.







Outputs1.1-11-2

1-3

2.2-12-2

3.3-13-2


Marketing system of vegetable products is improved.Farmers’ collection and delivery activities are improved.Crop planning is formulated by farmers based on marketneeds.


--

-

--

------



Amount and value of jointly delivered vegetablesChanges in cropping intensity


--

-

--

------


Farm surveys

Record of Farmers’ CooperativeRecord of WUA/Farm surveys


-

-



2-1

2-2

3-1

3-2


To improve collection and delivery facilities for vegetableproducts.To train farmers on crop planning based on market needsinvolving private sector.


1.

2.

3.

4.

5.


Facility- Irrigation facility: 50 ha (Rp.362 mil.)- Collection/delivery facility: 5 units (Rp. 50 mil.)



Administration cost: (Rp. 76 mil.)

Total Cost: Rp.831 million

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.





-

-

-

-

-



T - III - 8

Table III-5 Integrated Agricultural and Rural Development Project in Gekbrong (PDM)

Target Group：Farmers in Gekbrong Model Area (including tenant farmers) Project Term：5 yearsProject Summary Verifiable Indicators Means of Verification Important AssumptionsOverall GoalDevelopment model of the model area is expanded overhighland area of West Java Province.







Outputs1.1-11-2

1-3

2.2-12-22-3

3.3-13-2




--

-

---

-------





--

-

---

-------


Farm surveys



-

-



2-1

2-22-3

3-1

3-2




1.

2.

3.

4.

5.


Facility- Irrigation facility: 50 ha (Rp.401 mil.)- Village marketing road: 1.75 km (Rp.271 mil.)- Collection/delivery facility: 5 units (Rp. 50 mil.)- Rural water supply system: 200 households (Rp.120 mil.)





1.

2.

3.

4.

5.





-

-

-

-

-



T - III - 9

Table III-6 Integrated Agricultural and Rural Development Project in Cisurupan (PDM)

Target Group：Farmers in Cisurupan Model Area (including tenant farmers) Project Term：5 yearsProject Summary Verifiable Indicators Means of Verification Important AssumptionsOverall GoalDevelopment model of the model area is expanded overhighland area of West Java Province.







Outputs1.1-11-2

1-3

2.2-12-2

3.3-13-2




--

-

--

-------





--

-

--

-------


Farm surveys



-

-



2-1

2-2

3-1

3-2




1.

2.

3.

4.

5.


Facility- Irrigation facility: 40 ha (Rp.178 mil.)- Collection/delivery facility: 4 units (Rp. 40 mil.)- Rural water supply system: 350 households (Rp.245 mil.)



Administration cost: (Rp. 84 mil.)

Total Cost: Rp.923 million

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.





-

-

-

-

-



T - III - 10

Table III-7 Integrated Agricultural and Rural Development Project in Tanjungkarya (PDM)

Target Group：Farmers in Tanjungkarya Model Area (including tenant farmers) Project Term：5 yearsProject Summary Verifiable Indicators Means of Verification Important AssumptionsOverall GoalDevelopment model of the model area is expanded overhighland area of West Java Province.







Outputs1.1-11-2

1-3

2.2-12-2

3.3-13-2




--

-

--

------





--

-

--

------


Farm surveys



-

-



2-1

2-2

3-1

3-2




1.

2.

3.

4.

5.







1.

2.

3.

4.

5.





-

-

-

-

-



T - III - 11

Table III-8 Integrated Agricultural and Rural Development Project in Mekarmukti (PDM)

Target Group：Farmers in Mekarmukti Model Area (including tenant farmers) Project Term：5 yearsProject Summary Verifiable Indicators Means of Verification Important AssumptionsOverall GoalDevelopment model of the model area is expanded overhighland area of West Java Province.







Outputs1.1-11-2

1-3

2.2-12-2

3.3-13-2




--

-

--

------





--

-

--

------


Farm surveys



-

-



2-1

2-2

3-1

3-2




1.

2.

3.

4.

5.







1.

2.

3.

4.

5.





-

-

-

-

-



T - III - 12

Table III-9 Integrated Agricultural and Rural Development Project in Cisantana (PDM)

Target Group：Farmers in Cisantana Model Area (including tenant farmers) Project Term：5 yearsProject Summary Verifiable Indicators Means of Verification Important AssumptionsOverall GoalDevelopment model of the model area is expanded overhighland area of West Java Province.







Outputs1.1-11-2

1-3

2.2-12-22-3

3.3-13-2




--

-

---

-------





--

-

---

-------


Farm surveys



-

-



2-1

2-22-3

3-1

3-2




1.

2.

3.

4.

5.


Facility- Irrigation facility: 120 ha (Rp.937 mil.)- Village marketing road: 3 km (Rp.450 mil.)- Collection/delivery facility: 12 units (Rp. 120mil.)- Rural water supply system: 500 households (Rp.250 mil.)





1.

2.

3.

4.

5.





-

-

-

-

-



Figures

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T

PCM Workshop1. Preparation2. PCM Training3. Village PCM Workshop

1) Tugumukti- 1st Session (16:00-19:00)- 2nd Session (15:00-18:00)- 3rd Session (14:30-17:00)

2) Langensari- 1st Session (13:30-16:00)- 2nd Session (14:00-17:00)- 3rd Session (14:00-16:30)

3) Mekarjaya - 1st Session (14:00-16:30)- 2nd Session (14:00-16:30)- 3rd Session (14:00-16:30)

4) Gekbrong - 1st Session (14:00-18:30)- 2nd Session (14:00-16:30)- 3rd Session (14:00-16:30)

5) Cisantana - 1st Session (14:30-16:30)- 2nd Session (14:00-16:30)- 3rd Session (14:00-16:30)

6) Tanjungkarya- 1st Session (14:00-16:30)- 2nd Session (14:00-16:30)- 3rd Session (14:00-16:30)

7) Cisurupan - 1st Session (9:00-11:30)- 2nd Session (13:30-15:30)- 3rd Session (14:00-16:30)

8) Mekarmkti - 1st Session (14:30-16:30)- 2nd Session (14:00-16:30)- 3rd Session (13:00-15:00)

4. Preparation of Draft PDM

Memo. Items1. Weekly meeting / Small scale seminar2. Small scale seminar3. Village PCM Workshop with JKT C/P

Working day Move to the site Overnight at the siteWorking day for PCM Workshop Back to BDG

October November

Figure III-1 Program of PCM Workshop

C

F - III - 1

(1) Mekarjaya(1) Mekarjaya(1) Mekarjaya(1) Mekarjaya

(2) Langensari(2) Langensari(2) Langensari(2) Langensari

(3) Tugumukti(3) Tugumukti(3) Tugumukti(3) Tugumukti

Figure III-2 (1/4) Participation Analysis - People, Groups, Organizations Related to Agricultural Production Activities -

ProducersProducersProducersProducersMarketing RelatedMarketing RelatedMarketing RelatedMarketing RelatedPersons/GroupsPersons/GroupsPersons/GroupsPersons/Groups

Farm InputFarm InputFarm InputFarm InputSuppliersSuppliersSuppliersSuppliers

Supporting GroupsSupporting GroupsSupporting GroupsSupporting Groups

Farmers Farmers Farmers Farmers

Farmer Group,Mekarjaya

Farmer Group,Mekarrahayu

KUD, Sarwamukti PHP

KUD, Sarwamukti KIOS, Tugumukti PPL

Youth Group

Farmers Local Middlemen KIOS in Village

Farmer Groups KUD in Lembang

P3A (Water UsersAssociation)

TPK (Sub-KUD) inVillage

Farmers Village MiddlemenFarmer Seed

Growers in villagePPL

Farmer GroupKIOS in village and

ArjasariPHP

KUD in ArjasariP3A (Water Users

Association)

KUD, Sarwamukti

Village Middlemen

Village PKK

Kab. Public Worksfor road maintain.

IndukcaringinMarket

Kab. Public Worksfor Irrigation

Rent-a-carinvillage

Saving Group

Pump Seller inLembang

Middlemen fromOutside Village

Banks for Credit

PPL

PHP

SLPHT (FarmersSchool)


F - III - 2

(4) Gekbrong(4) Gekbrong(4) Gekbrong(4) Gekbrong

(5) Cisurupan(5) Cisurupan(5) Cisurupan(5) Cisurupan


FarmersMiddlemen in

VillageKIOS in Village PPL

Farmer Group,Sumber Rejeki (30

members)PHP

Farmer Group, Sugh-mukti (24 members)

BUMN for Credit(Gov. Office in

BDG)

LSM for Credit(NGO's Coop)

Farmers Middlemen KIOS in Village PPL


Farmer Group,Gekbrong

Farm Inputs Shopin Village

PHP

Farmers CooperativeKab. Livestock forartificial insemi.


Seed Grower inPurwakarta

Banks in Cianjurfor Credit

Chicken FeedSupplier in

Cianjur

Tractor Dealer inCianjur

BPP

KUD in Kec.

Farm Group,Palurupan (25

members)

Farmer Group,Tirtakencana (15

members)

Farmer Group,Mukti (10 members)

BRI/BKPD in Kec.




F - III - 3

(6) Tanjungkarya(6) Tanjungkarya(6) Tanjungkarya(6) Tanjungkarya

(7) Mekarmukti(7) Mekarmukti(7) Mekarmukti(7) Mekarmukti


FarmersMiddlemen in

villageFertilizer Shop in

SamarangPPL

Farmer Groups,- Rahayu I- Rahayu II- Rahayu III

- Muktipankalan- Nyalindung- Cidadali

- Sankanhurip- Pakohaji

Rent-a-car invillage

Seed Shop inSamarang

PHP

Potato SeedSupplier inSamarang

FarmersMiddlemen for

BananaTraders for Farm

InputsPPL/BPP


Middlemen forPaddy

KIOS in village PHP

Labor FarmersKUD in Sangkanhurip(0.5 km from villa)

LSM (NGO's CreditSupplier)

KUD/BRI for CreditSupply

KUD, Samarang

P3A (Water UserAssociation)

Women's FarmerGroup

Contact Farmers

Women's FarmerGroups

P3A (Water UserAssociation)

Middlemen forVegetables

Rice Mill Unit invillage

Rent-a-car invillage

Rent-a-Tractor invillage

Rent-a-Buffalo invillage

Seed Suppliers

Kab. Public Worksfor Irrigation Dev.

Village Government




F - III - 4

(8) Cisantana(8) Cisantana(8) Cisantana(8) Cisantana


FarmersMiddlemen in

villageKIOS in village PPL/BPP

Farmer Groups,- Tunggulmetu

- Iruk

Middlemen fromOutside village

KUD Kab. Agriculture

KUD, Sarwamukti Seed GrowersKab. Land

Conservation


Kab. Public Worksfor Road Improve.

Compost FertilizerSuppliers




F - III - 5

(1) Mekarjaya(1) Mekarjaya(1) Mekarjaya(1) Mekarjaya

(2) Langensari(2) Langensari(2) Langensari(2) Langensari

(3) Tugumukti(3) Tugumukti(3) Tugumukti(3) Tugumukti

Figure III-3 (1/3) Participation Analysis - Characteristics and Problems of Agriculture -

CharacteristicsCharacteristicsCharacteristicsCharacteristics ProblemsProblemsProblemsProblems

Farmers are vegetableproducers

Vegetable producedare exported

Farmers don't applyproper amount of

fertilizer

Farmers use expensivevegetable seeds

Farmers use chemicalfertilizers

Farmers receivetechnical service

from PPL

Farmers use expensivefertilizers

Farmers can't producevegetable seeds

Farmers use compostfertilizer

Vegetables producedare low quality

Farmers use expensivepesticide

Labor is short forvegetable cultivation

Farmers use expensivefarm inputs

Crop production islow both vegetables

and paddy

Farmers don't havecapital forinvestment

Vegetables are alwaysattached bypest/disease

Farmers cultivatemany kinds of crops

Shortage of land forcrop cultivation

Farmers don't havetechnology for vege.

seed production

Farmers are difficultto control

pest/disease


Farmers are lackingin technology for

vegetable production

Labor is short forcrop production

Farmers growvegetables in

highland

Labor is short infarming

Climate is foggy inall crop season

Improved vegetableseeds are not easily

available

Irrigation water isinsufficient in dry

season

Farmers are difficultto get Compost

fertilizer

Water is short in dryseason

Road conditions arevery poor

Farmers use expensivefertilizer


Farmers are difficultto control

pest/disease

Farmers use lowquality agro-chemicals

Farmers use lowquality fertilizers

Farmers loseproduction due to

pest/disease

Farmersinsufficiently apply

ago-chemicals

Farmersinsufficiently apply

fertilizers

Farm labor charge isvery expensive

Farmers use pesticideOnly 20% of

vegetables producedare exported

Vegetables arecultivated on fertile

soil

Farmers are lackingin cultivation

technology

F - III - 6

(4) Gekbrong(4) Gekbrong(4) Gekbrong(4) Gekbrong

(5) Cisurupan(5) Cisurupan(5) Cisurupan(5) Cisurupan

(6) Tanjungkarya(6) Tanjungkarya(6) Tanjungkarya(6) Tanjungkarya



Farmers are short intechnology for

vegetable cultivation


Farmers are lackingin farming tools

Farmers are good inpotato cultivation

There is no basicprice policy for

vegetables

There is no agro-processing activity

High quality chili isproduced

Labor wage rate issmall in village

Farmers cultivatesame crops in same

season

Vegetables areattached byPest/disease


Farmers don't havesufficient farm tools

(e.g. sprayers)

Foggy climate bringsa lot of pest/disease

on vegetables

Cabbages are damagedby root disease

Soil erosion occursin wet season



Farmers use expensiveagro-chemicals

PPL insufficientlyvisits village


PPL insufficientlyvisits village


Compost fertilizer isdifficultly available

Price of vegetablesare low for market

Vegetables aredamaged by virus

Compost fertilizer isinsufficiently

available

Farmers are difficultto get credit

Water is notavailable for

cultivation during


Marketing ofvegetables is

difficult

Farmers lose profitfrom vegetable

production

Vegetables prices arecheap in markets

Water shortage in dryseason

Water flow is smallin water source river

in dry season


Amount of orangeproduced is small

Farmers apply smallamount of fertilizers

to vegetables

Farmers haveinsufficient technologyin vegetable production

Climate and soil aresuitable for orange

production

Farmers don't applyproper amount of

fertilizer

Labor is insufficientfor crop cultivation

Fertilizer Shop inSamarang


Field transportationcost is expensive

No farm roads areavailable

Shortage of water indry season for crop

cultivation


Vegetables aredamaged by

pest/disease

F - III - 7

(7) Mekarmukti(7) Mekarmukti(7) Mekarmukti(7) Mekarmukti

(8) Cisantana(8) Cisantana(8) Cisantana(8) Cisantana



Farmers can't farmingduring dry season


pest/disease

Irrigation canal isbroken

Marketing ofvegetables is

difficult

Farmers don't havefarm tools (e.g.

sprayer & water pump)

Paddy is damaged bypest/disease

Farm inputs areinsufficiently

available in KIOS

Marketing of palawijacrops is difficult

Agricultural extensionservice is insufficient

in village

Compost fertilizer islacking for vegetable

cultivation

Farmers cultivatevegetables on poor

soil

Vegetable productionis good in village


Farmers have to buyvegetable seeds in

Bandung

Water shortage duringdry season for crop

cultivation

Improved seeds aredifficult to obtainin village (paddy &

Irrigation intakeweir is broken

Seed Shop in SamarangFarmers don't applyproper amount of

fertilizer

No piped domesticwater is available

Village roadcondition is poor

Farmers are lackingin creativity

Village roadcondition is poor


Farmers cultivatesame crops in same

crop season

Farmers followtraditionalcultivation

Farmers are difficultto get high price of

vegetables

Farmers don't havesufficient number of

hand sprayers

Labor is expensivefor farming

Labor is expensivefor farming


pest/disease

Irrigation facilityis damaged

Many farmers arelosing interest in

vegetable production

Farmers don't supplysufficient amount of

agro-chemicals


F - III - 8

Figure III-4 Problem Tree in Mekarjaya

Farmers areDifficult to get

credit

Farmers have nocollateral

Farmers' land isnot certificated

Farmers are notinterested in

credit

Economic crisisof Indonesia

Banks Interestrates are high

Farmer groupshave no saving

Farmers arelacking

knowledge insaving

Procedure ofloan is very

slow

Crop productiondecrease

Farmers' incomedecrease

Farmers are poor

Core Problem

Lack of Capitalin farm

households

Difficult tomaintain crops

Compostfertilizer is short

Labor shortageShortage of

seeds

Cultivated landdecrease

Farmers can'tbuy cow

Farmers can'tbuy farm inputs

Farmers can'thire farm labor

Farmers can'tbuy animal

Farmers can'tbuy pump

Water isinsufficient in

dry season

Small watersource in dry

season

No irrigationfacility isavailable

There is noGov. irrigationdeve. project

Village locationis far fromnearby city

Lack of PPLguidance

Lack oftechnology

There is noGov. agricul.deve. project

Production islow

Crop harvest isunsuccess

Middlemendon't want tobuy farmers

products

Middlemen areafraid of "no

profit"

Products pricesare fluctuated

Poor quality ofproducts

Too muchproduction of

same crops

Farmers followtraditionalpractice

Uniformedcropping pattern

in wet season


KIOS is too farto purchase

input

Pest/diseasedamage is very

high

No sufficientapplication of

farm inputs

Farm inputs areexpensive

Farmers' incomeis low

F - III - 9

Figure III-5 Problem Tree in Langensari

Capital is Shortin farm

households

Low income

Farmers can'thire farm labor

Many farmersbecome

unemployment

Quality ofproducts

become low

Farmers'become poor

Many productsare stolen

Difficult to getcredit from

banks

Lack ofcollateral

Money is shortto buy land

Farmers havesmall land

Profit loss &low income

Production isunstable

Banks don'tbelieve farmers

Less servicesfrom bank

Low price ofvegetables

Low cultivationtechnique

No KUD forcollection of

products

Too muchcompetition in

production

No KUD formarketing of

products

Uniformedcroppingpattern

Prices are notstable

Lowproduction

Farm inputsare expensive

Small farminputs

Farmers can'tcultivate in dry

season

Long distanceto water source

(500 m)

No pump forirrigation

Land is in highelevation


Shortage ofwater in dry

season

Crop season isshort

A lack of PPLguidance

A lot ofdiseases



Lack oftechnology

Lack oftechnology in

seed production

Quality ofchemical is low

Farmers can'tbuy farm tools

Difficult to buyfarm inputs

Planting areabecome small

Low productionof crops

Farmers can'tget benefit

Farmers can'tmaintain crops

Marketing ofproducts is

failed

Farmers can'tcontinuefarming

Farmers'income become

small

Core Problem

F - III - 10

Figure III-6 Problem Tree in Tugumukti

Low Income

Unemploymentin dry season

Land elevationis high

No capital isavailable

No skill to getother works

No land towork

Lack of waterin dry season

Lack of capital Lack ofirrigationfacility

Spraying is noteffectively done

Spraying isirregular

Too much fogLimitedly use

of ago-chemical

Farmer can'twork

Too muchrainfall

Price ofchemical is high

Lack of capital

Crops aredamaged bypest/disease

Shortage ofwater

Limitedcropping season

Same croppingseason

Crop plantingstarts at same

time

Same croppingseason

Products aresame with other

areas

Over productionof products



Low educationlevel

PPL Limitedlyvisit (1/month)

Farmers don'thave technique

to produce seeds

Poor seedquality

Lack of farmingtechnology

Lack of Capital

Soil is dried up

No irrigationfacility

Shortage ofwater source

Very far towater source

Field is notirrigated

No planting infield in dry

season (8-9)

Very far towater source

Crops aredamaged by

wind

Poor harvest inwet season (3-4)

Low production

Small capitalfor investment

Difficult to buyfertilizer

Difficult to buychemical

Difficult to buyseeds

Difficult to buyland

Difficult to buyfarm tools

Difficult to buyfood

Many pest/disease

Difficult tomake farming

Low Production

Core Problem

F - III - 11

Figure III-7 Problem Tree in Gekbrong

Core ProblemCapital is short infarm households

Difficult toborrow land

Difficult to buyfarm inputs

Low income infarm h'holds

Difficult to carryout farmingNo success in

farming

Difficult to makelife

Difficult to buyland

Farmers are poor

Farmers don'thave land

Interest rate isvery high in

informal loan

No KUD isavailable for the

village

No KUT isavailable

No training tofarmer groups is

given

PPL don't havemotorcycle

PPL visitsvillage

insufficiently

No farmersgroup isavailable

No saving groupis available

PPL is too far tovisit

Farmers have nocollateral


There is no landcertification

project

Farmers have noland certificate

Low Income

Irrigation canalis not available

Water shortagein dry season

Water storagedam is notavailable

Fail in harvest

Low cropproduction

Many insectdamage

Lack of cropmaintenance

No sufficientpest control

Uniformedcroppingpattern

Low quality ofproducts

KUD is notavailable

(bankrupt)

Expensive farminputs

Crops areharvested in a

same time


Market islimitedlyavailable

Over productionof crops

Lack oftransportation

means

Difficult to getcredit

F - III - 12

Figure III-8 Problem Tree in Cisurupan

Short in capitalShort in

technology

No processingactivities in

village

Cheap price ofvegetables in

market

Farmerscultivate same

crops

Farmers practicewrong cropping

pattern

Farmers selectcrops followingmarketing price

No basic pricepolicy forvegetables

High price offarm inputs

Over dosage ofchemicals

Lot of croppest/diseases

Farmers areshort in

technology

Low productionof vegetables

Lack of fertilizerapplication

Water is short indry season

Expensive priceof farm inputs

Water doesn'tflow in

traditional canal

Irrigation canalis damaged

Landslide andsedimentation in

canal

Core ProblemLow income in

farm households

Farmers becomeunhealthy

Farmers aredifficult to buy

food

Many farmersbecome jobless

Farmers aredifficult to buy

farm inputs

Farmers haveless cultivated

land

Farmers can'tcontinue farming

Farmers becomepoor

F - III - 13

Figure III-9 Problem Tree in Tanjungkarya

Core Problem

Capital is shortin farm

households

Small seedapplication

Crops areattacked by pest


Crops aredamaged by pest

Low income infarm h'holds

Difficult to carryout farming

Smallapplication of

ti id

Farmers can'tbuy enough

pesticide


seeds


pesticide

Farmers loseprofit

Unstable priceof vegetables

No farm road isavailable

Fieldtransportationis expensive

Farmers can'tcultivate highquality vegeta.

Farmers can'tbuy low price of

seeds

Farmers can'tbuy high quality

seeds

Application offarm inputs is

small

Vegetables aredamaged bypest/decease


Low quality ofvegetables


Labor is shortin village

PPL visitsvillage

insufficiently

Low production

Farmers can'tcultivate in dry

season

Farmers areshort in

technology

Poor soilfertility


No irrigationsystem isavailable

Difficult to getcredit

Farmers don'thave collateral

Banks don't trustfarmers

High cost tomake certificate

Farmers don'thave landcertificate

Farmers don'thave land

Traders don'tprovide loan to

farmers

Farmers loseprofit

Farmers don'trepay to traders

F - III - 14

Figure III-10 Problem Tree in Mekarmukti

Core ProblemCapital is short infarm households

Farmers can'tcontinue farmingProduction don't

increase

Farmers becomesick

Farmers' incomeis low

Farmers are lazy

Farmers are poor

Land is notproductive

Low income infarm households

Vegetables aredamaged bypest/disease


Low quality ofvegetables


Farmers don'thave technologyfor vege. culti.

Lack ofextension

service

Improved seedsfor vegetables

are not available

Insufficientsupply of farminputs in KIOS

Smallapplication offarm inputs

Lack of farmtools

Expensive priceof farm inputs

Low cropproduction


No water flow inirri. canal

Small cultivationland in dry

season

Lot ofsedimentation

due to landslide

Irrigation dam isbroken

Irrigation canalis broken

Canal wasdamaged by soil

erosion

There are bigstones in canaldue to landslide

Farmers can'trehabilitate

irrigation canal

Rehabilitationcost is expensive

No budget forrehabilitation is

available

Paddy isdamaged bypest/disease

Farmers aredifficult to

borrow capital


Farmers don'thave landcertificate

There is nogovernment

support

Farmers don'thave collateral

Farmers havesmall cropproduction

Many land isfallow for 8

months

Farmers can'trepay loan

Farmers havetoo much debt

Farmers arehungry

Cultivated landis decreased

Farmers can'tbuy farm input

Many farmersare unemployed

Farmers arebankrupt

F - III - 15

Figure III-11 Problem Tree in Cisantana

Core ProblemLow income of

farm households

Difficult to getgood price of

products

Capital shortagein farm h'holds

Farmers can'tbuy sufficientfarm inputs


Products' qualityand quantity

can't compete inmarket

Low income offarm households

Farm inputs arenot sufficient

Farmers can'timprove farming

technique

Cultivation areais decreased

Farmers have nosavings

Farmers have nofunds for health

care

Farmers have bigdebts

Farmers can'trepay KUT

Farmers can'twork

Farmers becomejobless

Farmers loseprosperity


Gov. don'tsupport farmers

in groupestablishment

Lack ofmaintenance

Farmers are notinterested ingroup work

Farmers dependon expensive

inputs

Soil condition ispoor in the

village

Over dosage ofchemical input

Low input ofcompostfertilizer

Gov. suggestedto use chemical

in 70'

Farmers can'tcropping in dry

season

Irrigationfacility isdamaged


inputs

Fertilizer price isexpensive

Cheap fertilizeris not available

Farm inputs areat low level

Road conditionis poor

Middlemen'sprices areuniformed

Middlemen arelimitedlyavailable

Middlemen fromoutside don't

come to village

Cropping patternis uniformed

Lot of productsin market

Kind of cropscultivated are

uniformed

Difficult tointroduce new

crop

Lack of seeds

Difficult to getgood seeds

No KIOS forseeds

distribution

Crops aredamaged by pest

and disease

Splayers are notsufficientlyavailable

Pestcide areexpensive


Farmers arelacking intechnology

Farmers areshort in

creativity

Farmer groupsare not active

PPL visitsvillage

insufficiently

Farmers followtraditionaltechnology

Farmers arelacking in farm

planning

Low quality ofproducts

F - III - 16

(1) Irrigation facility improvement/development approach

(2) Village road improvement approach

(3) Vegetable production technology improvement

(4) Vegetable products quality improvement approach

(5) Farmers' organization activation approach

(6) Agricultural supporting service improvement approach

(7) Land certification program promotion approach

Figure III-12 Objective Tree with Identified Project Approaches in Mekarjaya

Farmers havecollateral

Farmers' land iscertificated

Farmers areinterested in

credit

No economiccrisis of

Indonesia

Banks Interestrates are low

Farmer groupshave saving

Farmers haveknowledge in

saving

Procedure ofloan is easy

Crop productionincrease

Farmers' incomeincrease

Farmers are rich

Core ObjectiveEnough Capitalin farm H'holds

Easy tomaintain crops

Compostfertilizer is

enough

Enough laboris available

Sufficiency ofseeds

Cultivated landincrease

Farmers canbuy cow

Farmers can buyfarm inputs

Farmers canhire farm labor

Farmers canbuy animal

Farmers canbuy pump

Water issufficient in dry

season

Enough watersource in dry

season


There is Gov.irrigation deve.

project

Village locationis close tonearby city

More PPLguidance isavailable

Farmers havesufficient

technology

Gov. agricul.deve. Project is

available

Production ishigh

Success in cropharvest

Middlemenwant to buy

farmersproducts

Middlemen getprofit

Products pricesare not

fluctuated

High quality ofproducts

Different cropsare harvested

Farmers follownew

technology

Differentcropping

pattern in wetseason

High price ofproducts

KIOS is closeto purchase

input

Pest/diseasedamage is low

Sufficientapplication offarm inputs

Price of farminputs is cheap

Farmers' incomeis high

Forest isconserved

Banks believefarmers

(2)

Farmers areeasy to get

credit

(1)

(3) (4)

(5)

(6) (7) (5)

F - III - 17







Figure III-13 Objective Tree with Identified Project Approaches in Langensari

Farmers'income isincreased

Differentcropping pattern

is practiced

Prices ofproducts are

stable

Crop season islong

Crop diseasesare decreased

Price ofproducts isincreased

Quality ofproducts isincreased

Sufficient PPLguidance is

provided

Sufficienttechnology in

seed production

Good quality ofchemical isavailable

Capital issufficient infarm h'hold

Farmers canhire farm labor

Many farmersare employed

Quality ofproducts

become high

Farmers' becomepoor

Many farmersbecome good

people

Easy to getcredit from

banks

Farmers havesufficientcollareral

Farmers canbuy land

Farmers havemore land for

cultivation

Farmers getmore profit &

income

Production isstable


More servicesfrom bank

Vegetable priceis increased

Farmers havecultivationtechnique

KUD isavailable forcollection of

products

Lesscompetition in

crop production

KUD isavailable formarketing of

products

Crop productionis increased

Chiep farminputs areavailable

More farminputs are used

Farmers cancultivate in dry

season

Farmer can usewater source

Farmers haveirrigation pump

Irrigationfacility isavailable

Sufficient wateris available in

dry season

Farmers canbuy farm tools

Farmers caneasily buy farm

inputs

Farmers cancultivate more

area

Production isincreased

Farmers can getbenefit

Farmers canmaintain crops

marketing ofproducts

become good

Farmers cancontinuefarming


Core Objective

(3)

(4)

(6)

(7)(1)

Farmers haveproper tech. In

cropping(5)

(5)

F - III - 18


(3) Vegetable production technology improvement(4) Vegetable products quality improvement approach(5) Farmers' organization activation approach


Figure III-14 Objective Tree with Identified Project Approaches in Tugumukti

Enough Income

Higheremployment in

dry season

Farmers usepump forirrigation

Farmers havecapital forinvestment

Farmers haveskill for other

works

Farmers haveland for cropproduction

Enough waterin dry season

Farmers haveenough capital

Farmers haveirrigationfacility Crops are not

damaged bypest/disease

Spraying iseffectively

done

Spraying isregularly done

Climate issuitable

More use ofchemical

Farmers'motivation towork is high

Not muchrainfall

Price ofchemical is

stable


capital

Sufficientwater isavailable

Croppingseason is not

limited

Differentcroppingseason

Croppingpattern isimproved

Croppinginformation inother areas are

available

Products aredifferent from

other areas

Proper amountof production

Good quality ofproducts

Stable price ofproducts

Educationlevel is

improved

PPL visits morefrequently(1/2weeks)

Farmers havean adequatetechnique

Good quality ofseeds

Farmers'technical level

is adequate


capital

Soil is notdried up

Irrigationcanal isinstalled

Sufficientwater isavailable

Water sourceis close from

the farm

Field isirrigated

Dry seasonperiod is not

long

Wind is stableif wind

protection isestablished

Sufficientharvest in wet

season

Sufficientproduction

Enough capitalfor investment

Easy to buyfertilizer

Easy to buychemical

Easy to buyseeds

Farmers canbuy land

Easy to buyfarm tools

Enough food

Less pest/disease

Farmers cancrop cultivation

EnoughProduction

Core Objective

Farmersbecome healthy

Sufficientharvest in dry

season

Farmers cancropping in the

field

Qualified seedis bought at

KIOSK

(3)

(4)

(5)

(1)

(5) (6) (1)

F - III - 19

(1) Irrigation facility improvement/development approach(2) Village road improvement approach(3) Vegetable production technology improvement(4) Vegetable products quality improvement approach(5) Farmers' organization activation approach(6) Agricultural supporting service improvement approach(7) Land certification program promotion approach

Figure III-15 Objective Tree with Identified Project Approaches in Gekbrong

Core Objective

Capital is enoughin farm

households

Easy to borrowland

Easy to buy farminputs

High income infarm h'holds

Easy to carry outfarmingSuccess in

farming

Farmers arehappy

Easy to buy land

Farmers are rich

Farmers haveland

Interest rate islow in informal

loan

KUD is availablefor the villagers

KUT is available

Training tofarmer groups is

given

PPL havemotorcycle

PPL visitsvillage

sufficiently

Farmers group isavailable

Saving group isavailable

PPL is near tovisit



There is landcertification

project

Farmers haveland certificate

High Income

Irrigation canalis available

Water is enoughin dry season

Water storagedam is available

Success inharvest

High cropproduction

Small insectdamage

Sufficient cropmaintenance

Sufficient pestcontrol

Proper rotationof cropping

pattern


KUD isavailable

(bankrupt)

Low price offarm inputs

Different cropsare harvested in

a same time

High price ofproducts

Market issufficientlyavailable

Proper amountof production

Transportationmeans are

available more

Easy to getcredit

Farmers havecrop technology

Road conditionis improved

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(1) (7) (5)

(6)

F - III - 20


(3) Vegetable production technology improvement(4) Vegetable products quality improvement approach(5) Farmers' organization activation approach(6) Agricultural supporting service improvement approach

(9) Agro-processing industry development approach

Figure III-16 Objective Tree with Identified Project Approaches in Cisurupan

High price ofvegetables in

market

Farmerscultivate variety

of crops

Farmers practicegood cropping

pattern

Farmers don'tfollow marketprices in crop

selection

There is basicprice policy for

vegetables

Core ObjectiveHigh income infarm households

Farmers becomehealthy

Farmers are easyto buy food

Small number ofjobless farmers

Farmers are easyto buy farm

inputs

Farmers haveenough

cultivated land

Farmers cancontinue farming

Decreasing poorfarmers

Properexpenditure for

farm inputs

Proper dosage ofchemicals

Farmers can gettrainingprogram

Farmers havesufficient farm

tools

Small cropdamage frompest/ disease


technology

PPL is active invillage

Gov. support forinvestment is

available

High productionof vegetables

Enoughfertilizer

application

Sufficient wateris available in

dry season

Cheap price offarm inputs

Water flow intraditional canal

Irrigation canalis in goodcondition

Irrigation canalis improved

DINAS PU,Kab. is active in

village

Sufficient capitalis available

Have enoughtechnology

There areprocessingactivities

Have trainingprogram

Industry office,Kab. Is active in

village

(3)(4)

(5)(6)

(9)

(1)(5)

F - III - 21


(3) Vegetable production technology improvement(4) Vegetable products quality improvement approach(5) Farmers' organization activation approach(6) Agricultural supporting service improvement approach(7) Land certification program promotion approach(8) Farm road improvement approach

Figure III-17 Objective Tree with Identified Project Approaches in Tanjungkarya

Core ObjectiveEnough capital infarm households

More seedapplication

Crops are notattacked by pest

More fertilizerapplication

More applicationof pesticide

Farmers can buyenough pesticide

Farmers can buyenough seeds

Farmers can buyenough pesticide

Farmers getprofit

Stabilized priceof vegetables

Farm road isavailable

Fieldtransportation is

cheap

Farmers cancultivate highquality vegeta.

Farmers can buylow price of

seedsVegetables are

not damaged bypest/decease

High price ofvegetables

Good quality ofvegetables

Cropmaintenance isproperly done

Labor is enoughin village

PPL visits villagesufficiently

High productionof crops

Farmers cancultivate in dry

season


technologySoils are fertile

Enough water indry season

Irrigation systemis available in

village

Easy to getcredit


Banks trustfarmers

Cheap cost tomake certificate


Farmers haveland

Traders provideloan to farmers

Farmers getprofit

Farmers repay totraders

Enoughcultivated land

Enough cropproduction

Enough incomein farm h'holds

Crops arecultivated undergood condition

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

Application offarm inputs is

sufficient

(3)

(1)

F - III - 22







Figure III-18 Objective Tree with Identified Project Approaches in Mekarmukti

Core ObjectiveCapital is short infarm households

Farmers cancontinue farmingProduction

increase

Farmers arehealth


Farmers are notlazy

Farmers are rich

Land isproductive

High income infarm households

Vegetables arenot damaged by

pest/disease

High price ofvegetables

High quality ofvegetables

Enough cropmaintenance

Farmers havetechnology for

vege. cultivation

Farmers receiveenough

extension

Improved seedsfor vegetablesare available

Sufficient supplyof farm inputs in

KIOS

Sufficientapplication offarm inputs

Enough farmtools

Cheap price offarm inputs

High cropproduction

Enough water indry season

Water flows inirri. canal

Enoughcultivation landin dry season

Sedimentation indam is removed

Irrigation dam isrehabilitated

Irrigation canalis rehabilitated

No soil erosionover the canal

Big stone in thecanal is removed

Farmers canrehabilitate

irrigation canal

Support forcapital isavailable

Budget forrehabilitation is

available

Paddy is notdamaged bypest/disease

Farmers are easyto borrow

capital



Governmentsupport isavailable


Farmers havelarge cropproduction

Farmers canyear-roundcropping

Farmers canrepay loan

Farmers don'thave debt

Farmers cancontrol hunger

Cultivated landis increased

Farmers can buyfarm input

High laboropportunity

Farmers arebankrupt

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(1)

(5)

(1)

(5)(5)

F - III - 23


(2) Village road improvement approach





Figure III-19 Objective Tree with Identified Project Approaches in Cisantana

(1)

Farmers havesufficient income

Easy to getstabilized price

of products

Farmers havecapital

Farmers can buysufficient farm

inputs

Enough cropmaintenance

Products' qualityand quantity can

compete inmarket

High income infarm households

Farm inputs aresufficient

Farmers canimprove farming

technique

Cultivation areais increased

Farmers havesavings

Farmers havefunds for health

care

Farmers havesmall debts

Farmers canrepay KUT

Farmers canwork

Farmers have jobFarmers have

prosperity

High productionof crops

Gov. supportfarmers in group

establishment

Goodmaintenance isdone by farmers

Farmers areinterested ingroup work

Farmers don'tdepend on

expensive inputs

Soil condition(PH) is normal

Optimumsupply of

chemical input

Sufficient inputof compost

fertilizer

Gov. suggestsproperly to

improvecondition

Farmers cancropping in all

season

Irrigationfacility isimproved

Farmers can buyenough fertilizer

Fertilizer price ischeap

Cheap fertilizeris available

Farmers useenough fertilizer

Road conditionis good

Middlemen'sprices are

competitive

Manymiddlemen are

available

Middlemen fromoutside can

come to village

Cropping patternis different

Products arelimited in market

A variety ofcrops arecultivated

Easy tointroduce new

crop

Sufficient seedsare available

Easy to get goodseeds

KIOS isavailable forseeds supply

Crops are notdamaged by pest

and disease

Splayers aresufficientlyavailable

Pestcide arecheap

Sufficient cropmaintenance


technology

Farmers arecapable and

active

Farmer groupsare active

PPL visitsvillage

sufficiently

Farmers followimproved

technology


Core Objective

(2)(3)

(4)(5)

(6)

(5)

(5)Farmers aresufficient in

farm planning

F - III - 24

annex iii results of pcm workshop - jicaiii - 2 chapter 2 objectives and methodology 2.1 objectives...

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