annex a documents reviewed -...

A N N E X A . D O C U M E N T S R E V I E W E D 5 9

Askwith, Michael and Claudine Zaninka,‘Report of the Mid-Term Review Missionof the UNDP Country CooperationFramework for Rwanda 2002 -2006’, Kigali,Rwanda, 2004.

Ballabola, Stella, ‘Perceptions about the GacacaLaw in Rwanda,’ Centre for ConflictManagement, Butare, Rwanda.

Barnett, Michael, The United Nations andRwanda: Eyewitness to a Genocide, CornellUniversity Press, Ithaca, New York, 2002.

Bartholomeeussen, Stan and David Twahira,‘Appraisal of the Decentralisation Process inRwanda’, The Hague, September 2003.

Clay, Daniel, Thomas Reardon, and JaakkoKangasniemi, ‘Sustainable Identification inthe Highland Tropics: Rwandan Farmers’Investments in Land Conservation and SoilFertility’, Economic Development andCultural Change, Vol. 46, No. 2, January1998, pp 351-377.

The East African Centre for ConstitutionalDevelopment, Searching for Sense andHumanity: Civil Society and the Struggle for a Better Rwanda, Kampala, 2004.

Economist Intelligence Unit, ‘Rwanda–CountryProfile 2006’, London, England, 2006.

Economist Intelligence Unit, ‘Rwanda-CountryReport’, November 2006.

European Union, ‘Rwanda Co-operation’, DraftJoint Annual Report, 2005.

Fisiy, Cyprian F, ‘Of Journeys and BorderCrossings: Return of Refugees, Identity, andReconstruction in Rwanda’, African StudiesReview, Vol. 41, No. 1, April 1998, pp 17-28.

FitchRatings, ‘Republic of Rwanda’,19 December 2006, available online at www.fitchratings.com.

Gakusi, Albert-Enéas and Frédérique Mouzer,‘De La Révolution Rwandaise à la Contre-révolution’, L’Harmattan, Paris, 2003.

Institute for Justice and Reconciliation,‘Evaluation and Impact Assessment of the National Unity and ReconciliationCommission’, Final Report, December 2005.

International Crisis Group, ‘Rwanda at the End of Transition: A Necessary PoliticalLiberation’, Africa Report No 53,November 2002.

Jourdaan, Eduard, ‘Inadequately Self-Critical:Rwanda’s Self-Assessment for the AfricanPeer Review Mechanism’, African Affairs,Vol. 105, No. 420, April 2006, pp 333-351.

Kayumbe, Christopher, Jean-Paul Kimonyo and Noel Twagiramungu, ‘Supporting thePost-Genocide Transition in Rwanda,’Netherlands Institute of InternationalRelations Conflict Research Unit,December 2004.

Kairaba, A, ‘Integrating Land Issues into PRSand the Broader Development Agenda—Rwanda Country Case Study’, paperpresented at regional workshop on landissues in Africa and the Middle East,Kampala, Uganda, 29 April - 2 May 2002.

Kituo Cha Katiba – East African Centre forConstitutional Development, ‘Searching forSense of Humanity: Civil Society and theStruggle for a Better Rwanda’.

Lassibille, Gérard and Jee-Peng Tan, ‘TheReturns to Education in Rwanda’, Journal ofAfrican Economies, Vol. 14, No. 4, October2005, pp 92-116.

Lopez, Humberto and Quentin Wodon, ‘TheEconomic Impact of Armed Conflict inRwanda’, Journal of African Economies,Vol. 14, No. 4, October 2005, pp 586-602.

Maina, Chris and Edith Kibalama (editors),‘Searching for Sense and Humanity for aBetter Rwanda: A Report of the FactFinding Mission Organized under theAuspices of Kitu Cha Kaba’, Undated.

Mamdani, Mahmood, ‘When Victims BecomeKillers’, Princeton University Press,Princeton, 2001.

Annex A

DOCUMENTS REVIEWED

A N N E X A . D O C U M E N T S R E V I E W E D6 0

Omutesi, Marie Beatrice, ‘Is ReconciliationBetween Hutus and Tutsis Possible?’,Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 60, No.1, Fall/Winter 2006, pp 158, 199-206.

PRIO, ‘Monitoring and Research Report on theGacaca’, Information gathering during thenational Phase, June 2006.

‘PRI Integrated Report on Gacaca Research andMonitoring’, Pilot Phase, January 2002-December 2004.

Reyntjens, Filip, ‘Rwanda, Ten Years On: FromGenocide to Dictatorship’, African Affairs,2004, pp 177-187.

Sarkin, Jeremy, ‘The Tension between Justiceand Reconciliation in Rwanda: Politics,Human Rights, Due Process, and the Roleof the Gacaca Courts in Dealing with theGenocide’, Journal of African Law, Vol. 45,No. 2, 2001, pp 143-172.

Van Hoyweghen, Saskia, ‘The Urgency of Landand Agrarian Reform in Rwanda’, AfricanAffairs, Vol. 98, No. 392, July 1999,pp 353-372.

VNG International, ‘Rwanda DecentralizationStrategic Framework (RDSF) 2007-2011’,The Hague, January 2007.

GOVERNMENT

Central Statistics Office, ‘Synthèse du 3èmeRecensement Général du Rwanda–Août2002’, Ministry of Economics and Finance,Kigali, Rwanda, 2003.

Government of Rwanda and developmentpartners, ‘2006 Aid Effectiveness Report’,Kigali, November 2006.

Government of Rwanda, ‘2006 Survey onMonitoring the Paris Declaration on AidEffectiveness’, Rwanda’s Submission toOECD-DAC, 13 November 2006.

Government of Rwanda and developmentpartners, ‘Aid Coordination, Harmonization,and Alignment in Rwanda—2005 AnnualReport’, Kigali, 2006.

Government of Rwanda and developmentpartners, ‘Update on the Deployment of theDevelopment Assistance Database’, Kigali,July 2006.

Government of Rwanda and UNDP, ‘TripartiteConsultations on Aid Management and theDevelopment Assistance Database’,Ministry of Finance and EconomicPlanning, Kigali, July 2006.

Government of Rwanda and UNDP-UNEP,‘Rwanda Poverty and Environment InitiativeFact Sheet’, Kigali, November 2006.

Government of Rwanda National PovertyReduction Programme, ‘Poverty ReductionStrategy Paper (PRSP)’, Kigali, June 2002.

Government of Rwanda, ‘Capacity BuildingProject for Strengthening the NationalHIV/AIDS Response’, Kigali, January-December 2004.

Government of Rwanda, ‘Draft NationalHuman Development Report’, Kigali,Rwanda, 2006.

Government of Rwanda, ‘EconomicDevelopment and Poverty ReductionStrategy, 2008-2012’, Ministry of Financeand Economic Planning, Kigali,September 2007.

Government of Rwanda, ‘First Semester Reportof the Decentralization and EnvironmentManagement Project’, Ministry of Lands,Environment, Forestry, Water, and Mines,Kigali, 2005.

Government of Rwanda, ‘Fiscal and Financial Decentralisation Policy’, Kigali,December 2005.

Government of Rwanda, ‘Local AdministrationReform Policy’, Kigali, August 2005.

Government of Rwanda, ‘Minutes of theDevelopment partners Coordination GroupMeeting’, Kigali, November 2006.

Government of Rwanda, ‘Multi-sectoralCapacity Building Programme’, Kigali,January 2005.

Government of Rwanda, ‘National HumanDevelopment Report’, Kigali, Rwanda, 1999.

Government of Rwanda, ‘National HumanDevelopment Report’, National Universityof Rwanda and UNDP, Kigali, 2006.

Government of Rwanda, ‘National Unity andReconciliation Commission (NURC),Opinion Survey: The Process ofDecentralization and Democratization inRwanda’, Kigali, March 2004.


Government of Rwanda, ‘Pilot IntegratedEcosystem Assessment Bugesera’, DraftFinal Report Prepared for the UNEP/UNDP/GOR Poverty and EnvironmentInitiative (PEI) Project, RwandaEnvironment Management Authority,Kigali, Rwanda, 2006.

Government of Rwanda, ‘Poverty ReductionStrategy Paper: National Poverty ReductionProgram’, Ministry of Finance andEconomic Planning, June 2002.

Government of Rwanda, ‘Preliminary PovertyUpdate Report: Integrated LivingConditions Survey’, National Institute of Statistics, December 2006.

Government of Rwanda, ‘Producing theEconomic Development and PovertyReduction Strategy: A User Guide’, Kigali,January 2006.

Government of Rwanda, ‘Progress Report of theDecentralization and EnvironmentManagement Project’, Ministry of Lands,Environment, Forestry, Water, and Mines,June-November 2005.

Government of Rwanda, ‘PRSP AnnualProgress Report ( June 2002-June 2003)’,Kigali, 2003.



Government of Rwanda, ‘Report of the JointBudget Support and Public FinancialManagement Review’, Kigali, April 2006.

Government of Rwanda, ‘Rwanda Aid Policy’,Kigali, July 2006.

Government of Rwanda, ‘Rwanda Governance-Celebrating 12 Years of Rwanda’s Unity andReconciliation Process’, Issue Number 005,Kigali, 2006.

Government of Rwanda, ‘Rwanda: A LongTerm Investment Framework’, Kigali,February 2006.

Government of Rwanda, ‘Rwanda Women’sParliamentary Forum (RWPF) StrategicPlan 2005-2009’, Kigali, 2005.

Government of Rwanda, ‘Rwandan PublicAdministration Reform’, Kigali, February 2005.

Government of Rwanda, ‘Strategic Plan 2007-2011’, National Institute of StatisticsJanuary 2007.

Government of Rwanda, ‘Strategic Plan for theJudiciary 2005-2007’, Supreme Court ofRwanda, Kigali, 2005.

Government of Rwanda, ‘Strategy forDeveloping Capacity for EffectiveDecentralized Governance and Local LevelService Delivery in Rwanda’, Kigali, 2005.

Government of Rwanda, ‘Third United NationsConference on the Least DevelopedCountries Brussels 14-20’, Kigali, May, 2001.

Government of Rwanda, ‘Vision 2020’, Kigali,Rwanda, 2000.

Institut National de la Statistique, ‘RwandaDemographic and Health Survey 2005’,Ministry of Finance and EconomicPlanning, Kigali, July 2006.

National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda,‘Millennium Development Goals, TowardsSustainable Social and Economic Growth’,National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda,Kigali, 2007.

National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda,‘Preliminary Poverty Update Report,Integrated Living Conditions Survey 2005/06’, (Enquête Intégrale sur les Conditions deVie des Ménages), December 2006.

‘Updated Report from Gacaca Secretariat inKigali’, December 2006.

GENERAL UNDP/DONOR STRATEGIES,PLANS, EVALUATIONS AND REVIEWS

Global Development Advisors, ‘Harmonizationof UNEP and UNDP OperationalProcedures for Joint Programming’, UnitedKingdom Foreign and CommonwealthOffice, London, England, 2006.

European Union, ‘Rwanda Cooperation: DraftAnnual Report 2005’, 2006.

Maina, Chris and Edith Kibalama (editors),‘Searching for Sense and Humanity for aBetter Rwanda: A report of the FactFinding Mission Organized Under theAuspices of Kitu Cha Kaba’, Undated.

Management Systems International, ‘GreaterHorn of Africa Peace Building Project:Rwanda Conflict Vulnerability Assessment’,Washington, DC, August 2002.


Martonakova, Henrieta and UNDP Rwanda,‘Suggestions on How to Take into Accountthe Aspect of Environmental Sustainabilityin the ADR Process’, Kigali, November 2006.

Multilateral Organisation PerformanceAssessment Network, Rwanda CountryReport, 2004.

NEPAD, ‘African Peer Review Mechanism:Country Review Report of the Republic of Rwanda’, November 2005.

NEPAD, ‘African Post Conflict ReconstructionPolicy Framework’, Governance, Peace andSecurity Program, June 2005.

OECD/DAC, ‘Harmonising Donor Practicesfor Effective Aid Delivery’, Paris, France, 2003.

Opio-Odongo, Joseph, ‘Capacity Developmentin SEA Application in Rwanda: LessonsLearned and Implications for EconomicDevelopment and Poverty ReductionStrategy Process’, UNDP Regional ServiceCentre for Eastern and Southern Africa,Nairobi, August 2006.

Opio-Odongo, Joseph, ‘MainstreamingEnvironment into Poverty ReductionStrategies: Lessons for Rwanda’, UNDPRegional Service Centre for Eastern andSouthern Africa, Nairobi, February 2005.

Overseas Development Institute, ‘Country CaseStudy 5: Assessment of the MTEF inRwanda’, London, May 2003.

Penal Reform International, ‘Integrated Reporton Gacaca Research and MonitoringJanuary 2002-December 2004’, London, 2005.

Penal Reform International, ‘Monitoring andResearch Report on the Gacaca:Information-Gathering During theNational Phase’, London, England, 2006.

UNDP and the Government of Rwanda, ‘DraftNational Policy of Urbanisation’, Ministryof Infrastructure, Kigali, 2006.

UNDP and the Government of Rwanda,‘National Human Development Report1999’, Kigali, October 1999.

UNDP Bureau of Development Policy,‘Environmental and Energy KeyDevelopment Priorities 2008-2011’,New York, 2005.

UNDP Bureau of Development Policy,‘Governance in Post-conflict Countries’,New York, 2004.

UNDP Evaluation Office, ‘Guidelines for theAssessment of Development Results’,New York, 2006.

UNDP Regional Bureau for Africa, ‘Strategyand Management Review’, New York,May 2006.

UNDP Rwanda, ‘Annual Report 2005’,Kigali, 2006.

UNDP Rwanda, ‘Draft Inception Report:Mapping of Capacity Building Activities inRwanda’, Kigali, December 2006.

UNDP Rwanda, ‘Note on CD strategy inRwanda. Governance Unit’, Kigali,January 2007.

UNDP Rwanda, ‘Improving OrganizationalEffectiveness: Country Office Retreat’,February 2006.

UNDP Rwanda, ‘Informal Briefing Note forMOPAN Exercise’, Kigali, undated.

UNDP Rwanda, ‘Turning Vision 2020 intoReality: From Recovery to SustainableHuman Development. National HumanDevelopment Report’, Kigali, 2007.

UNDP Rwanda, ‘UNDP Rwanda Strategic Positioning Report’, Kigali,Rwanda, Undated.

UNDP Rwanda, ‘UNDAF StrategicPrioritization Retreat Report’, Kigali, 2006.

UNDP, ‘1st Country Cooperation Framework(1998-2000)’, Executive Board of theUnited Nations Development Programmeand of the United Nations Population Fund,Kigali, 9 February 1998.

UNDP, ‘2nd Country Cooperation Framework(2002-2006)’, Executive Board of theUnited Nations Development Programmeand of the United Nations Population Fund,Kigali, 2002.

UNDP, ‘Capacity Building for StrengtheningNational Response of HIV/AIDS inRwanda’, Kigali, 2003.

UNDP, ‘Common Country Assessment-Rwanda (1999-2000)’, Kigali, 2000.

UNDP, ‘Country Cooperation FrameworkExtension (2001)’, Executive Board of theUnited Nations Development Programmeand of the United Nations Population Fund,Kigali, 2001.

UNDP, ‘Country Cooperation: Project ProfilesRwanda (November 2004)’, Kigali, 2004.


UNDP, ‘Evaluation of Capacity Building forNational Response to HIV/AIDS inRwanda (2004)’, Kigali, 2004.

UNDP, ‘Evaluation of Capacity-Building andCivil Service’, Kigali, August 2003.

UNDP, ‘Evaluation of Good Governance forPoverty Reduction (2003)’, Kigali, 2003.

UNDP, ‘Evaluation of Poverty ReductionStrategy Implementation and AidCoordination ( July 2005)’, Kigali,Rwanda, 2005.

UNDP, ‘Evaluation of Resettlement andReintegration (2004)’, Kigali, 2004.

UNDP, ‘Evaluation of Small Scale DairyDevelopment (Heifer Rwanda, 2004)’,Kigali, September 2004.

UNDP, ‘Evaluation of Support to MINALOCDecentralisation (2003)’, Kigali,September 2003.

UNDP, ‘Mid-term Review of the Support toCapacity Building and Civil Service Reformin Rwanda’, August 2003.

UNDP, ‘Strengthening Capacities of theRwandan Human Rights Commission’,Project Document, Kigali, Rwanda,July 2005.

UNDP, ‘United Nations DevelopmentAssistance Framework (UNDAF) Rwanda(2002-2006)’, Kigali, 2002.

UNEP, ‘Mid-Term Evaluation of thePartnership between the BelgianDirectorate General for DevelopmentCooperation and UNEP’, Evaluation andOversight Unit, Nairobi, 2006.

United Nations System in Rwanda, ‘MillenniumDevelopment Goals Status Report 2003’,Kigali, 2003.

United States Agency for InternationalDevelopment, ‘Civil Society in Rwanda:Assessment and Options’, 2002.

United States Agency for InternationalDevelopment, ‘Gender and Property Rights within Post-Conflict Situations’,April 2005.

United States Agency for InternationalDevelopment, ‘Rwanda Democracy andGovernance Assessment’, November 2002.

UNDP and the National University of Rwanda,‘Rwanda–National Human DevelopmentReport, 2006’, Background Papers, Kigali,Rwanda, 2006.

NON-UNDP EVALUATIONS

African Development Bank, ‘Evaluation ofBank Assistance’, August 2003.

Boston Consulting Group, ‘Final Draft JointOffice and ‘One UN’: From Concepts toReality’, January 2007.

Catholic Relief Services, ‘Rwanda DevelopmentAssistance Programme Evaluation’,January 2005.

DANIDA, ‘Assessment of the Impact andInfluence of the Joint Evaluation ofEmergency Assistance to Rwanda’,December 2004.

DfID, ‘Evaluation of Rwanda CountryProgramme (2000-2005)’, January 2006.

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) ofthe United Nations, ‘Evaluation of theWorld Food Country Programme inRwanda from 2003-2006’, Rome, 2006.

IDD and Associates, ‘Joint Evaluation ofGeneral Budget Support 1994-2004’,May 2006.

National Unity and Reconciliation Commission,‘Impact Assessment’, October 2005.

Multilateral Organisation PerformanceAssessment Network (MOPAN), ‘RwandaCountry Report’, 2004.

Organisation for Social Science Research inEastern and Southern Africa, ‘PovertyAnalysis of Ubudehe Voices’, December 2006.

SIDA, ‘Evaluation of Swedish Support toDecentralisation Reform in Rwanda’,December 2004.

USAID, ‘Rwanda Democracy and GovernanceAssessment’ Office of Democracy andGovernance, November 2002.

United Nations Children’s Fund, ‘Evaluation ofPilot Projects for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV’, August 2003.

World Bank, ‘Africa Region: The Search forPost Conflict Socio-economic Change,1995-2001’, working paper.

World Bank, ‘Country Assistance Strategy(CAS)’, 2004.

The World Bank, ‘Evaluation Report of theMulti-Sectoral HIV/AIDS Project’, 2006.

World Bank, ‘Monitoring and EvaluationSupport to Rwanda’s Multi-Country HIV/AIDS Program Report’, November 2006.


World Bank, ‘Rwanda: Country AssistanceStrategy’, January 2004.

The World Bank, ‘The Search for Post-ConflictSocio-Economic Change 1995-2001’,Africa Region Working Paper Series,November 2003.

The World Food Programme, ‘EnhancedCommitments to Women to Ensure Food Security’, WFP/EB.3/2002/4-A,September 2002.

UN COORDINATION

United Nations Capital Development Fund,‘Decentralisation and Poverty in Rwanda’,October 2003.

United Nations Coordination Unit Office of theResident Coordinator, ‘Report of theUNDAF Strategic Prioritization Retreat’,December 2006.

A N N E X B . I N D I V I D U A L S I N T E R V I E W E D 6 5

GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS

Protais, Musoni, Minister, Ministry of LocalGovernment, Good Governance,Community Development and SocialAffairs, [email protected]

Rugege, Sam, Deputy Chief Justice, SupremeCourt, [email protected]

Patricie, Hajabakiga, Minister of State inCharge of Lands and Environment,Ministry of Lands, Environment, Forestry,Water and Mines, [email protected]

Nyirahabineza, Valérie, Minister for thePromotion of Family and Gender, PrimeMinister’s office, [email protected]

Nyaruhirira, Innocent, Dr., Minister ofHIV/AIDS and Other Epidemics, Ministryof Health, [email protected]

Mukankusi, Charlotte, Secretary General,Ministry of Public Service and Labour,[email protected]

Kanakuze, Judith, Honourable Deputy,Parliament of Rwanda

Kayijire, Agnes, Honourable Senator & ViceChairperson of Foreign Affairs,Cooperation & Security, Parliament ofRwanda, [email protected]

Gahongayire, Anne, Secretary General,Supreme Court, [email protected]

Habimana, Jean Damascene, Secretary General,National Prosecutor Service,[email protected]

Nsanzumuganwa, Emmanuel, Secretary General,Ministry of Lands, Environment, Forestry,Water and Mines, [email protected]

Habarurema, Anicet, Secretary General,Parliament Chamber of Deputies,[email protected]

Gatare, Francis, President’s Advisor, NEPAD,[email protected]

Mudidi, Emmanuel, Rector, Kigali Institute ofEducation, [email protected]

Silas, Rwakabamba, Professor, Rector, NationalUniversity of Rwanda, [email protected]

Rwamucyo, Ernest, Director General,Economic Development Planning, Ministryof Finance and Economic Planning,[email protected]

Makala, Baloko, Director of ICT, Ministry ofInfrastructure, [email protected]

Cherles, Karake, Director, Human Resource and Institutional Capacity DevelopmentAgency, [email protected]

Nyirubutama, Jean Jacques, Director,Ministry of Finance and EconomicPlanning, External Finance Unit,[email protected]

Sebagabo, Barnabé, Director of Planning,Policies and Capacity Building, Ministry of Public Service and Labour,[email protected]

Kabandana, Marc, Director, Rwanda Institute of Administration and Management,[email protected]

Mugisha, Faustin, Director of Administrationand Finance, Rwanda Institute ofAdministration and Management,[email protected]

Rugemintwaza, Népo, NDIS Capacity BuildingExpert, Ministry of Local Government,Good Governance, CommunityDevelopment and Social Affairs,[email protected]

Fundira, Emile, Coordinator & Director,Integrate Framework, Ministry ofCommerce, Industry, InvestmentPromotion, Tourism and Cooperatives,[email protected]

Shingiro, Christian, Budget Support Specialist,Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning,[email protected]

Mutagoma, Sufian, Coordinator,Community Development Project Supportto Gicumbi and Rulindo Districts,[email protected]

Annex B

INDIVIDUALS INTERVIEWED

A N N E X B . I N D I V I D U A L S I N T E R V I E W E D6 6

Rwangombwa, John, Secretary General andSecretary to the Treasury, Ministry ofFinance and Economic Planning,[email protected]

Mulisa, Alex, National Project Manager,Poverty Environment Initiative, RwandaEnvironment Management Authority,[email protected]

Godfrey, Kamukala L., Senior TechnicalAdvisor, Rwanda EnvironmentManagement Authority

Ashimwe, Mary, Deputy Executive Secretary in charge of Administration and Finance,National Electoral Commission,[email protected]

Mukankusi, Périnne, Director of Planning,Ministry of Justice

Barikana, Eugène, Secretary General,MINALOC

Habumuremyi, Pierre Damien, ExecutiveSecretary, National Electoral Commission

Kwitonda, Jean Baptiste, Director of Planning,National Electoral Commission

Munyakazi, Louis, Director General, NationalInstitute of Statistics of Rwanda,[email protected]

Mutagoma, Sufian, Coordinator, Project for Community Development ofGicumbi/Rulindo

Rugege, Sam, Deputy Chief Justice, SupremeCourt of Rwanda

Mirembe, Alphonsine, Justice SectorCoordination Officer, Justice Sector

Munyakazi, Dr., Director General, StatisticsDirection, Ministry of Finance andEconomic Planning

Hakizimana, Jean Baptiste, Deputy Mayor,Karongi District, Western Province,[email protected]

Habyarimana, Eric, In charge of environmentand natural resources, Karongi District,Western Province, [email protected]

Twagiramutara, Aimable, Mayor, Huye District,Southern Province, [email protected]

Ngirabatware, Charles, Mayor, NyabihuDistrict, Western Province

Nirere, Beatrice, Presidente Consultative Council of Gicumbi District, GicumbiDistrict in North Province

Nyangezi, Bonane, Mayor, Gicumbi District,North Province

Butera, Ildephonse, Deputy Mayor in charge ofFinances and Economic Development,Gicumbi District, North Province

Uwamahoro, Eugenie, Deputy Mayor in charge of Social Affairs, Gicumbi District,North Province

Akimanizanye, Emmanuel, Directeur,Planification et DéveloppementEconomique, Gicumbi District,North Province

Niyonzima, Maximillien, Executive Secretary,Gicumbi District, North Province

Ndimukaga, Etienne, Expert, Gicumbi District,North Province

Ngezahayo, Rutamu Vincent, LegalRepresentative, Rwanda Rw’Ubu Center forOrphan and Vulnerable Children

Kavune, Emmanuel, Director, Rwanda Rw’UbuCenter for Orphan and VulnerableChildren, [email protected]

UN INSTITUTIONS

Soumare, Moustapha, Resident Representative, UNDP CO, Rwanda,[email protected]

Seppo, Mia, Country Programme Advisor,Regional Bureau for Africa,[email protected]

Noudehou, Alain, Programme Director andDeputy Resident Representative, UNDPCO, Rwanda, [email protected]

Gatere Ntarindwa, Maggy, ProgrammeSpecialist Head of Governance Unit,UNDP CO, Rwanda,[email protected]

Rampolla, Gianluca, Head of Unit AidCoordination Unit, UNDP CO, Rwanda,[email protected]

Rwabuyonza, Jean Paul, National Economistand Head of Strategic Policy & EconomicManagement Unit, UNDP CO, Rwanda,[email protected]

Christine, Umutoni N., Programme Specialist,Head of Unit, Justice/Gender/HIV-AIDS, UNDP CO, Rwanda,[email protected]

A N N E X B . I N D I V I D U A L S I N T E R V I E W E D 6 7

Sorensen, Louise W., Technical Advisor Poverty Environment Initiative, RwandaEnvironment Management Authority,[email protected]

Maekawa, Miko, Head of SustainableLivelihoods Unit, Assistant ResidentRepresentative, UNDP CO, Rwanda,[email protected]

Nkubito, Eugène, Programme SpecialistGovernance Unit, UNDP CO, Rwanda,[email protected]

Musenge, Doreca K., Programme AssociateSustainable Livelihood Unit, UNDP CO,Rwanda, [email protected]

Kabuto, Alexis, Programme Analyst SustainableLivelihood Unit, UNDP CO, Rwanda

Kayitesi, Aline, Programme Officer, StrategicPolicy & Economic Management Unit,UNDP CO, Rwanda

Musinguzi, Richard, Programme Officer,Strategic Policy & Economic ManagementUnit, UNDP CO, Rwanda

MacKinnon, Lindsey, Governance &Development Consultant, UNDP CO,Rwanda, [email protected]

Mukama, Leopold, National Coordinator, UNDP CO Rwanda,[email protected]

Silva Leander, Sebastian Dr., Economist,UNDP CO Rwanda – Strategic Policy &Economic Management Unit,[email protected]

Hirvonen, Maarit, Country Director andRepresentative, The United Nations World Food Programme,[email protected]

Ahmed, Zakaria, Deputy Country Director, TheUnited Nations World Food Programme,[email protected]

Taton, Valerie L., Programme CoordinatorOfficer, United Nations Children’s Fund,[email protected]

Jawara-Njai, Kinza, UNDP-UNIFEMTechnical Assistant, Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion, [email protected]

Smith, David, Director, UNEP PovertyEnvironment Initiative, UNEP, Nairobi,[email protected]

Duwyn, Jonathan, Programme Officer, UNDP-UNEP Poverty Environment Initiative,UNEP, Nairobi, [email protected]

Henningsen, Kamella, Associate ProgrammeOfficer, UNDP-UNEP PovertyEnvironment Initiative, UNEP, Nairobi,[email protected]

Opio-Odongo, Joseph, Energy andEnvironment Policy Advisor, UNDPRegional Service Centre, Nairobi,[email protected]

Woodsworth, Gregory, Energy andEnvironment Policy Advisor, UNDPRegional Service Centre, Nairobi,[email protected]

Dobie, Philip, Director, Dryland DevelopmentCentre, UNDP, Nairobi,[email protected]

Hazelwood, Peter, Poverty EnvironmentInitiative, Bureau for Development Policy, UNDP, New York,[email protected]

Rudasingwa, Laurent, UNDP, New York,[email protected]

INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS

Tempelman, Gertjan, Deputy Head of Mission, Embassy of the Kingdom of theNetherlands, [email protected]

Weingart, Mathias, Country Director, SwissAgency for Development and Cooperation,[email protected]

Krischel, Rainer, Director of GTZ Rwanda,German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) inRwanda, [email protected]

Geoffroy, Veronique, Attaché, EuropeanCommission Delegation in Rwanda,[email protected]

Demoor, Arnaud, Second Secretary, EuropeanCommission Delegation in Rwanda,[email protected]

Barbe, Jean, Conseiller, European Commission Delegation in Rwanda,[email protected]

Strom, Arne, Counsellor DevelopmentCooperation, Embassy of Sweden inRwanda, [email protected]

Baert, Ir. Theo, Dr., Cooperation Advisor,Embassy of Belgium in Rwanda,[email protected]

A N N E X B . I N D I V I D U A L S I N T E R V I E W E D6 8

Pillai, Vijay, Deputy-Head (Programmes) DFIDRwanda, Department For InternationalDevelopment, [email protected]

Gakuba, Alexis, Conseiller en Developpementrural et environnemental, CanadianDevelopment Programme Support Unit,[email protected]

Ahrens, Wolfgang, Advisor in Governance,German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) in Rwanda

Gregory Gromo, Alex, Expert enDemobilization et Reintegration, SecretariatMDRP, World Bank, Kigali, Rwanda,[email protected]

Kamurase, Alex, Operations Officer, WorldBank, Kigali, Rwanda

Viggh, Anna Birgitta, Consultant, GlobalEnvironment Facility, Evaluation Office,[email protected]

Ruzibiza, Emmanuel, Portfolio Coordinator,SNV – Netherlands DevelopmentOrganisation, [email protected]

Uwamariya, Julienne, Portfolio Coordinator,SNV – Netherlands DevelopmentOrganisation, [email protected]

NGOs AND CIVIL SOCIETY

Dills, Laura A., Head of Programming,Catholic Relief Services (CRS),[email protected]

Gallagher, Sean T., Country Representative,Catholic Relief Services (CRS),[email protected]

Byamana, Alexis, Conseiller TechniquePrincipal, Helpage Rwanda,[email protected]

Rose, Gahire, Country Programme Manager,Health Care/AIDS, [email protected]

Uwimana, Bonaventure, Directeur desProgrammes, Helpage Rwanda,[email protected]

Vumiliya, Jospeh, Administrateur Financier,Agency for Co-operation and Research inDevelopment (ACORD),[email protected]

Nyamulinda, Innocent, Head of PartnershipDepartment, Agency for Co-operation andResearch in Development (ACORD),[email protected]

Serubana, Faustin, Programme Director,Rwanda Association of Local GovernmentAuthority (RALGA)

Desmarais, Jean-Claude, Director, InternationalRescue Committee (IRC)

Kananura, Paul, Executive Secretary,Transparency Rwanda

Ndahumba, Jean Baptiste, Executive Secretary,Rwanda Rw’Ubu Center for Orphan andVulnerable Children

Edwin, Mitchell, Former Project Manager,Decentralized Environmental ManagementProject, Lima, Peru

A N N E X C . M A T R I X O F E V A L U A T I O N Q U E S T I O N S 6 9

Annex C

MATRIX OF EVALUATION QUESTIONS

Performance Key Issue Evaluation Questions Data SourcesArea and Review Tools

1. Programmeresults

1.1 Effectiveness in deliveringdevelopmentresults

GENERAL QUESTIONS ADAPTED FROM ADR IN BHUTAN

1.1.1 What are the main contributions to develop-ment for which UNDP is recognized in Rwanda?

1.1.2 To what extent is UNDP being recognized forcontributing to significant developmentoutcomes in Rwanda in each of its practice andcross-cutting areas?

1.1.3 To what extent, and how, do these contribu-tions relate to the intended outcomes that UNDPhas strived to achieve?

1.1.4 Were there any unintended results orconsequences from the work during this period?

1.1.5 What are the implications of any mismatchwith what was intended?

1.1.6 Is progress on track to enable UNDP toachieve its intended results as planned?

SPECIFIC QUESTIONS EMERGED IN SCOPING MISSION

1.1.7 Higher level results? How well are outputscontributing to outcomes, outcomes to objectives? E.g.:

§ Were the 2003 and 2006 elections fair andtransparent?

§ Does UNDP support to GoR to work with ruralcourts have an impact? For example, innumbers of people processed, numbers of newlaws promulgated and the effects of these?Effects of support to the Gacaca traditionaljustice system? Reactions to these results fromthe survivor versus non-survivor communities?

§ Effects of UNDP support to GoR’s successivedecentralization policies? Are these policiessufficiently well planned and supported?Decentralized offices given sufficient technicaland budgetary support and capacity develop-ment to assume their new roles? Proper assess-ment of needs at decentralized levels?

§ Effective monitoring mechanisms in place, e.g.,to inform budget allocation systems? Tomeasure level of satisfaction of local needs? Arethe rapid successive changes in the organiza-tion of decentralization creating confusion?

§ Public sector reform: Is it addressing the rightissues? What kind of analysis has guidedprogramme planning and activities? What legalchanges have emerged? What exposure havethey had to analogous issues and responses incomparable countries?

§ Documentedanalyses ofnational develop-ment changes andachievements inRwanda

§ MDGRs, NHDRs,CCA and otherrelevant nationalreports

§ National FYPs andother develop-ment strategies

§ UNDP programmedocuments

§ Supplementarypreparatorystudies

§ Progress andevaluation reports(including ROAR,MYFF)

§ RTM reports

§ Expert opinionsurvey

§ Key informantinterviews

§ District adminis-trator interviews

§ CO teaminterviews

§ Focus groupdiscussions

§ Field visit observations

§ Stakeholderworkshops

A N N E X C . M A T R I X O F E V A L U A T I O N Q U E S T I O N S7 0


1. Programmeresults

1.2 Factors influencing theachievement ofdevelopmentresults

§ Has support to Parliament facilitated anonymityof voting there? Value of the lessons emerging?

§ How much skill transfer has taken place, forexample, in technical assistance support foreconomic planning?

1.1.8 Are all five units achieving satisfactory results?If not, why not? Are the activities of some units toodispersed over too many different types of activities(110 active projects, $8 million annual budget, fiveunits of which a couple are not very internallycoherent, e.g., JHAG)? How could the operations ofthe CO be better organized/rationalized?

1.1.9 What are the impacts of UNDP’s interventionsamong local populations (particularly in relation tothe goals of poverty reduction and improvedgovernance)?

1.1.10 How has the UNDP contributed to thedevelopment of the capacities of partner institutionsand more specifically to the development of theirhuman resources?

1.1.11 Are UNDP programmes responding to the realneeds of target groups?


1.2.1 To what extent has UNDP been responsive tonational and local needs and priorities?

1.2.2 To what extent has UNDP been effective inmaximizing its comparative advantage and nicheto deliver its results?

1.2.3 To what extent does UNDP use a clear, coherentand appropriate strategy to maximize opportuni-ties to contribute to development in Rwanda?

1.2.4 To what extent do the programme assump-tions and key drivers for its priorities improve itschances of delivering the most effective andrelevant results?

1.2 5 To what extent has UNDP been effective inmaximizing the synergies between the componentparts of its programme and organization to deliverthe results?

1.2.6 To what extent, and how have the range andquality of its partnerships influenced the achievementof results? To what extent has UNDP been effectivein making use of the opportunities for harmoniza-tion of its efforts with those of potential partners?

1.2.7 To what extent, and how, have the implemen-tation capacity and approach of the CO influencedUNDP’s contribution to development results?

1.2.8 To what extent, and how has UNDP’s strategicposition in Rwanda affected its achievements?

1.2.9 What other conditions and factors have hada significant influence on the achievement ofUNDP’s development results?

§ Documentedanalyses ofnational develop-ment changes andachievements in Rwanda



§ Analysis of strategic positioning

§ Map and analysisof developmentpartnerships










1.2.10 What are UNDP Rwanda’s capacity limitations?Does it suffer from a weak institutional framework?Does it have effective systems for learning fromexperience and effective quality control norms?Does it take the time to establish and then consis-tently meet performance standards?

1.2.11 Where is the UNDP Rwanda programmerealizing opportunities for synergies among the fiveprogramming units? E.g., through a coherent andmutually reinforcing approach to supportingdecentralization?

1.2.12 What is UNDP Rwanda’s real capacity toprovide policy advice on governance and otherissues? Has it brought to bear high-quality policyanalysis and advice?

1.2.13 How much is the continuity, coherence,competence and direction of UNDP Rwanda’sprogramme planning and delivery dependent on individuals, starting with the ResidentRepresentative? How much does it suffer from the effects of frequent personnel changes? Howmight this issue be addressed?

1.2.14 Are problems of continuity and long-termcoherence exacerbated by chronic vagaries anduncertainties in staffing, enhancing the rate of lossof the best human resources (i.e., those with the bestopportunities to seek alternative opportunities)?

1.2.15 Where should UNDP Rwanda’s programmefocus? How could it narrow this focus on to a moreeasily manageable portfolio?

1.2.16 Are UNDP’s budgets sufficient to meet theneeds of its government partners?

1.2.17 Is the UNDP approach too broad, its activitiestoo spread out? Should it concentrate its activitiesmore, to have greater and more tangible impactsand visibility, in relation to other donors?

1.2.18 How efficient/rapid/flexible are UNDP’sdecision-making and approval processes during the project development stage, compared withexpectations of partners?

1.2.19 Does UNDP have the necessary capacity,human resources especially, to meet its own responsibilities?

1.2.20 Does UNDP respond effectively and quicklyenough to recommendations emerging from mid-term evaluations?

1.2.21 How well does UNDP follow up to determinethe longer term sustainability of its interventionsand results perhaps a year or two after the end ofprojects, for example?

1.2.22 Is there a problem of lack of continuity ofUNDP staff working on national programmes? Whatdoes UNDP do to help meet programmes’ needs forstability and continuity?

§ Field visit observations




1. Programmeresults

2. Strategicpositioning

1.3 Sustainability of developmentresults

2.1 Relevance

1.2.23 How sufficient are available resources toachieve the planned objectives? How sufficient arethe planned and budgeted activities and outputs forachieving the targeted objectives? How realistic areUNDP project plans?

1.2.24 How well is UNDP’s resource mobilizationmeeting the real needs? How much are insufficientRM, or unrealistic RM targets, contributing to unreal-istic project plans with unachievable objectives?

1.2.25 How well is the national execution modalitysystem meetings partners’ needs? How could it bemade more flexible, responsive, fast and efficient?

1.2.26 Does UNDP have the necessary humanresources to carry out the mandate and roles it hasestablished for itself in Rwanda?

1.2.27 Do UNDP programmes display the necessarycultural sensitivity? (e.g., Insisting on bottled water atrural events, instead of local beer)

1.2.28 What will be UNDP’s responsibility to respondto the recommendations of the evaluation? Whenwill another ADR be done in Rwanda?


1.3.1 To what extent will the intended results ofUNDP remain relevant within the changing contextof development in Rwanda?

1.3.2 Does UNDP have effective strategies in placeto increase the likelihood of lasting effects from itsdevelopment contributions?

1.3.3 Are there any socio-cultural, political, economicor other aspects that may endanger the sustainabil-ity of the results and benefits of the work of UNDP?

1.3.4 Do adequate systemic, technical andfinancial capacities and commitments exist withinkey role players to capitalize on UNDP’s contribu-tions to development?


1.3.5 How well are GoR’s needs being met withUNDP support, such as the Integrated SupportProject to MINECOFIN?

1.3.6 What conclusions can be drawn from dataavailable at MINECOFIN?

1.3.7 What is UNDP’s capacity/flexibility to respondto unforeseen needs that emerge during projectimplementation? (For example, the Ministry of Justice)


2.1.1 To what extent have UNDP’s programmes beenrelevant to Rwanda’s most pressing national needs?

2.1.2 To what extent have UNDP’s programmes beenrelevant to the GoR’s national development goalsand strategies?










§ UNDP and UNDAFprogrammedocuments





2.2 Responsive-ness

2.1.3 To what extent are the government’s nationaldevelopment goals and strategies in line with themost pressing national needs? If discrepanciesexist, what are the implications for UNDP’s positionand programming?

2.1.4 To whose needs does UNDP seem to beresponding most frequently (GoR, NGOs, privatesector, etc.)? What are the implications?

2.1.5 To what extent has UNDP been able to strike a sound balance between upstream and down-stream initiatives?

2.1.6 To what extent would UNDP’s current objectives,thematic foci and implementation strategies remainappropriate in the next programming cycle?


2.1.7 What should UNDP Rwanda’s niche be in Rwanda?

2.1.8 How can the future programme build on thestrengths/comparative advantages and avoid/overcomethe weaknesses?

2.1.9 For example, should UNDP put money intobasket funds? Or continue to help manage them?

2.1.10 Where has UNDP Rwanda made its greatestcontributions to Rwandan development in the latestprogramming cycle? Since 2000?

2.1.11 How is the UNDP responding to/addressingthe priorities of the GoR?


2.2.1 To what extent and in what manner (ad hoc,planned, strategic, cautious, etc.; building partnerships,coordinating, piloting, etc.) has UNDP anticipated andresponded to significant changes in the develop-ment context relevant to its areas of intervention?

2.2.2 To what extent and in what manner has UNDPbeen able to capitalize on opportunities andemerging issues? To what extent has this affectedits ability to focus on its own goals and vision?

2.2.3 How effectively and in what manner has UNDPanticipated and dealt with problems and constraints?

2.2.4 To what extent were timely and adequateadjustments made to the CCF, SRF and MYFF toreflect changing needs and priorities?


2.2.5 Does GoR have faith in UNDP as a partner? Ifnot why not?

2.2.6 Do UNDP Rwanda’s government and donorpartners have a clear vision of UNDP’s role inRwanda? How does this correspond with UNDPRwanda’s self image and strategy?

2.2.7 Where there is lack of clarity about UNDP’srole, what kinds of problems does this engender?How should this issue be addressed in the future?




§ RTM reports












§ RTM reports









2.3 Alignmentwith MDGs

2.4 Alignmentwith the UN system

2.2.8 Is there a lack in UNDP among other donorsbecause of this ambiguous character of the UNDP?

2.2.9 What is UNDP’s strategy for coping with theconflicting imperatives imposed by low absorptivecapacities of partners with limited human resources,the need to disburse versus the need to developcapacities?

2.2.10 What is the UNDP? A donor? A special partnerof the government that helps resource mobilizationespecially? A catalyst?


2.3.1 To what extent are the CCF, SRF and MYFFstrategically linked to the achievement of the MDGs? Are gaps used to direct programmedevelopment?

2.3.2 To what extent have partnerships beenformed to address the MDGs? Are mechanisms inplace for collaboration and knowledge sharing?

2.3.3 To what extent has UNDP been active inraising national awareness around the MDGs?

2.3.4 To what extent is UNDP supporting themonitoring of progress and preparing MDG reports?


2.4.1 How relevant are the intended SRF and MYFFoutcomes to the intended results of the UN systemas expressed in UNDAF?

2.4.2 How effectively is UNDP contributing toUNDAF goals?

2.4 3 How effective is the cooperation strategy withother UN agencies within these addressed areas?

2.4.4 To what extent are major programmesdesigned in active coordination with other UN agencies?

2.4.5 To what extent is UNDP active in areas notindicated in the UNDAF? What are the implicationsof this?

2.4.6 How effectively has UNDP leveraged theresources of others towards results?




§ MDGRs












§ RTM reports








2.5 Partnerships GENERAL QUESTIONS ADAPTED FROM ADR IN BHUTAN

2.5.1 Given the existing relationships between theGoR and donors; CSOs, NGOs, the private sector anddonors; and donors, how well is UNDP positionedto contribute to development in Rwanda? Does ithave a unique role compared to those of other donors?

2.5.2 What are the key development fundingmodalities used in Rwanda and how effective arethose of UNDP?

2.5.3 To what extent is UNDP playing a role inpromoting coordination between the GoR anddonors, donors, and CSOs and donors?

2.5.4 What are the implications for UNDP of theanticipated changes in the donor environmentover the next 5 to 10 years?

2.5.5 What are the implications for UNDP of thelarge amounts of donor funding from non-resident agencies flowing into Rwanda?

2.5.6 To what extent has UNDP leveraged supportand funding of partners and donors? What weremitigating and constraining factors?


2.5.7 Do donors trust UNDP as a partner? If not,why not?

2.5.8 What do donors perceive as UNDP Rwanda’sprimary strengths and comparative advantages?

2.5.9 What is the ‘UNDP brand’ in Rwanda? Whatshould it be? E.g., governance? MDGs? Capacitydevelopment? Systems development? Facilitatingdialogue(s) between GoR and international community?

2.5.10 Perceptions of UNDP Rwanda’s mainweaknesses, e.g.:

§ Is UNDP spread too thin?

§ Is it too close to GoR and not sufficiently neutral?

§ Is there a necessary level of impartiality toensure effective aid coordination?

§ Does UNDP’s close relationship with GoR erodethe value of its advice?

§ Does the Resident Coordinator devote too muchtime to UN reform at the expense of UNDP?

2.5.11 Does UNDP need a Resident Representativeseparate from Resident Coordinator?

2.5.12 Are synergies being achieved between UNDPsupported programmes and those of other interna-tional partners? How can greater synergies beachieved? Examples?

2.5.13 UNDP and World Bank support to developinginternet capacities at the district level?

2.5.14 How well are the 10 ’development clusters’functioning? What contributes to their relativestrengths and weaknesses? What are UNDP Rwanda’scontributions and how could these be enhanced?


§ Supplementarypreparatorystudies, includingmap and analysisof developmentpartnerships










2.6 Factorsinfluencing UNDP’s position

2.7 Future role and positioning

2.5.15 How can UNDP Rwanda adapt to the longer-term approaches of key partners like GoR,DFID (who are moving to direct budgetary supportfor 10 years)?


2.6.1 What were the key internal and externalinfluences on UNDP’s ability to respond to andposition itself in changing contexts?

2.6.2 To what extent and how effectively is UNDP’sposition in Rwanda guided by a clear-cut visionand strategy?

2.6.3 Does UNDP have adequate and effectivetechnical and administrative capacity and systemsto play its perceived and intended role in Rwanda?

2.6.4 To what extent, and how, are policy andadministrative constraints affecting UNDP’sposition and role in Rwanda?

2.6.5 To what extent, and how, have UNDP’sdevelopment contributions affected its positionand role in Rwanda?

2.6.6 To what extent is UNDP contributing to effectivelearning and knowledge sharing among develop-ment partners and programme participants?

2.6.7 To what extent, and how, has UNDP’s partnership approach influenced its position androle in Rwanda?


2.7.1 What are the key external factors most likelyto have a significant influence on UNDP’s future roleand position in Rwanda over the next 5 to 10 years?

2.7.2 What are the key emerging areas of supportthat would become significant for UNDP over thenext 5 to 10 years?

2.7.3 What lessons and good practice will helpUNDP determine and play its most effective role in Rwanda?

2.7.4 How should UNDP adjust its areas of workand strategies to be best positioned in Rwanda tofulfil its mission?









§ Countrydocuments,including FYPs

§ Key informants


§ ADR analysis


Notes: ADR indicates Assessment of Development Results; CCA, Common Country Assessment; CCF, Country Cooperation Framework;CO, Country Office; FYP, Fiscal-Year Plan; CSO, Civil Society Organization; DP, Development Partner; GoR, Government of Rwanda;MDGR, Millennium Development Goals Report; MYFF, Multi-Year Funding Framework; NHDR, National Human Development Report;NGO, Non-governmental Organization; ROAR, Results-Oriented Annual Report; RTM, Round Table Meeting; SRF, Strategic ResultsFramework; UNDAF, United Nations Development Assistance Framework.

A N N E X D . F A C T O R S I N F L U E N C I N G R W A N D A N A T T A I N M E N T O F O U T C O M E S 7 7

Annex D

FACTORS INFLUENCING RWANDAN ATTAINMENT OFDEVELOPMENT OUTCOMES

Notes: APRM indicates African Peer Review Mechanism; CSO, Civil Society Organization; DP, development partner; EDPRS, EconomicDevelopment and Poverty Reduction Strategy; GoR, Government of Rwanda; MINALOC, Ministry of Local Government; MINECOFIN,Ministry of Economics and Finance; NEC, National Electoral Council; NEPAD, New Partnership for Africa’s Development; NHDR, NationalHuman Development Report; NISR, National Institute of Statistics Rwanda; PRSP, Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper.

Expected Outcome Factors Supporting Challenges Related tothe Achievement to the Achievement

Ministry of Financeable to effectivelymonitor povertytrends and formulatepolicies, strategiesand plans to addresspoverty in Rwanda.

NHDR preparedaddressing nationalpriority issues.

§ Strong leadership and policy orientation of GoR/MINECOFIN.

§ Harmonized and aligned contribution byseveral development partners through a basket fund.

§ Important financial volume of the contribution increases the potential of a significant impact.

§ Increasing capacity of NISR.

§ PRSP has been evaluated and there issignificant experience to formulate EDPRS.

§ APRM by NEPAD has made a substantialcontribution to policy formulation.

§ Clear linkage between MDGs and GoR policy.

§ Important background and preparatorywork has been done.

§ NHDR preparatory process has involved anumber of national stakeholders.

§ Little involvement of civil society.

§ Important development partners (World Bank, Belgium) do not contributethrough the basket fund.

§ High volumes of external technicalassistance may decrease the sustainabil-ity of the contribution.

§ Outcome relates to complicatedprocesses that may pose importantchallenges in administration andmanagement of the contribution.

§ Little effort in incorporation of cross-cutting issues such as gender.

§ NHDR has not been published.

§ Potential NHDR contributions to nationalpolicy dialogue diminished due to delaysin publication.

1. Outcomes related to the MDGs and poverty reduction

7 8 A N N E X D . F A C T O R S I N F L U E N C I N G R W A N D A N A T T A I N M E N T O F O U T C O M E S


Legal and institutionalframeworks thatenable free, fair,transparent andsustainable electionsat all levels in place.

Local governmentsable to assume theirresponsibilities inplanning and servicedelivery andMINALOC able toprovide effectiveoversight andguidance for thedecentralizationprocess in Rwanda.

Rwanda’s publicservice reformprogramme effectivelyimplemented forgreater public sectorefficiency andParliament able torealize the represen-tative and oversightduties of electedmembers.

§ Support to the National ElectoralCommission has been vital in conductingthe elections in 2003 and 2006.

§ Existence of and long-term relationshipwith the NEC.

§ Comprehensive electoral mechanism is in place.

§ Capacity to implement local level elections exists.

§ Joint development partner contribution tothe electoral process through a basket fund.

§ Involvement of several CSOs in theelectoral process.

§ Special attention paid to female voters.

§ Long-term and wide-ranging support to MINALOC.

§ Direct support to district and local governments and communities throughtargeted projects.

§ Support to sub-national governments is allocated through their own develop-ment plans.

§ Capacity building of the public administration is highly relevant to the GoR.

§ UNDP has provided important materialsupport and training to key institutions of public service.

§ Although not yet commenced, the supportto Ombudsman’s Office has the potentialto improve efficiency and transparency ofthe public service.

§ Electoral code has not yet been adoptedby the GoR.

§ NEC’s continuing dependence on donorsupport may diminish the sustainabilityof the outcome.

§ Inadequate management of the basketfund of 2003 elections decreased theperspective of development partnercollaboration.

§ Possible lack of relevance in the GoRdecentralization policy and strategy may decrease the potential of the UNDP support.

§ Upstreaming of UNDP interventions maydiminish the impact at local level.

§ Impact-oriented contribution to thedecentralization process may be reducedto institutional support to MINALOC.

§ Key development partners in the sectordon’t agree on certain strategic aspects.

§ Administrative and project managementdifficulties have brought about increasesin transaction costs.

§ Little involvement of CSOs in UNDP’ssupport to the sector.

§ Public service reform is a highly politicalissue in which several key issues arebeyond a donor’s influence.

§ Division of UNDP’s support to severalinstitutions may have reduced itsstrategic focus.

§ Administrative difficulties have reducedthe effect of UNDP contributions.

2. Outcomes related to democratic governance in Rwanda

Notes: APRM indicates African Peer Review Mechanism; CSO, Civil Society Organization; DP, development partner; EDPRS, EconomicDevelopment and Poverty Reduction Strategy; GoR, Government of Rwanda; MINALOC, Ministry of Local Government; MINECOFIN,Ministry of Economics and Finance; NEC, National Electoral Council; NEPAD, New Partnership for Africa’s Development; NHDR, NationalHuman Development Report; NISR, National Institute of Statistics Rwanda; PRSP, Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper.

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Annex E

FACTORS INFLUENCING UNDP CONTRIBUTIONS TO AID COORDINATION

Note: ACHA indicates Aid Coordination, Harmonization and Alignment; CSO, Civil Society Organization; DP, Development Partner; DPCG,Development Partners Coordination Group; EFU, External Finance Unit; GoR, Government of Rwanda; M&E, Monitoring and Evaluation;MINECOFIN, Ministry of Economics and Finance; OECD-DAC, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development-DevelopmentAssistance Committee.


Improved govern-ment capacity forleading the aidcoordination,harmonization andalignment processfor improvedefficiency andpoverty impact of aid.

§ MINECOFIN/EFU will assume the key role in aidcoordination starting 2008.

§ UNDP contributed to the preparation of the GoR Aid Policy.

§ Harmonized collaboration between key develop-ment partners through a basket fund.

§ Existence and functioning of the DPCG and clusterround tables.

§ CSOs participate in activities of the ACHAframework, thus improving their involvement inpolicy dialogue.

§ Development Assistance Database and baselinesurvey on aid effectiveness strengthen the GoRcapacity in aid coordination.

§ Development partners Web site is an effective toolin sharing and disseminating information.

§ Exchange and collaboration with OECD-DAC andother countries.

§ High significance of the UNDP contribution to aidcoordination is generally acknowledged.

§ Some of the UNDP’s practicesare not in line with ACHAprinciples.

§ In most line ministries, theACHA principles have not yetbeen entirely operationalized.

§ UNDP may have difficulties in maintaining its expertise in ACHA issues as the respec-tive capacities of the GoR and other developmentpartners grow.

§ Concentration of ACHAoperations in MINECOFIN aswell as the deep-rootedproject approach may dilute a wider operationalization ofalignment and harmonization.

§ M&E of the aid coordination isnot yet completely functional.

ANNEX F. UNDP ’S EMERGING SUPPORT FOR NATIONAL CAPACIT Y DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 8 1

Since last year, the CO has decided to move fromthis restricted vision of CD and the fragmented‘stop and go’ nature of interventions and startdeveloping a long term strategy:

In September 2006, the CO, in close collaborationwith the Ministry of Economic Planning, theMinistry of Public Service and Labour and theHuman Resources and Institutional DevelopmentAgency, UNDP organized a National Workshopon capacity building. The main objective of theworkshop was to provide a forum for capacitybuilding stakeholders in all the key sectors of theeconomy to have a common view on ‘capacity’,appreciate its importance, and work closely to ensurethat it’s a major ingredient in the components ofthe EDPRS.

SKILLS AUDIT

This study is being undertaken by the Ministryin Charge of Public Service (MIFOTRA) andthe World Bank. It will concentrate on individualskills (professionals per sector) gaps like thenumber of physicians available, those who areneeded for the next EDPRS, etc. The objective ofthis assignment is to identify gaps in critical skillsrequired to deliver on priority programmes underthe PRSP Capacity Development.

INITIATIVES MAPPING

It is meant to be a mapping exercise of the currentcapacity development interventions in the country:projects and current initiatives in the area of capacitydevelopment, source of funding, amount/budget

allocated, activities, actors, implementationarrangements, monitoring/evaluation mechanism,duration, etc. UNDP is assisting Human Resourcesand Institutional Development Agency to carryout the mapping.

INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ASSESSMENT

This initiative is being carried out by UNDP aswell and it should focus on institutional capacitygaps like systems, procedures, manuals, legalpolicy frameworks, partnership, etc. It has beendecided that an important element of the NeedsAssessment will be a capacity gap assessment anda subsequent elaboration of a capacity support andbuilding strategy, which will run in parallel to theEconomic Development for Poverty ReductionStrategy (EDPRS), now being designed.

Using the above analyses, UNDP and the WorldBank will assist the Rwandan Government todevelop a National Integrated Skills DevelopmentPolicy and a Global CD National Strategy, thatlays strategic measures of filling the gaps andcontinuously addressing, in a sustainable manner,means and methods of strategic development ofindividual and institutional capacity aimed atpromoting economic, and employment growthand social development that are commensuratewith the Government of Rwanda DevelopmentGoals. The strategies will then guide all develop-ment programmes.

Notes: CO indicates Country Office; CD, Capacity Development;EDPRS, Economic Development for Poverty Reduction Strategy;MIFOTRA, Ministry in Charge of Public Service; PRSP, PovertyReduction Strategy Paper.

Annex F

UNDP’S EMERGING SUPPORT FOR NATIONAL CAPACITYDEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

63 UNDP Rwanda, ‘Note on CD Strategy in Rwanda’, Governance Unit, Kigali, Rwanda, January 2007.

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In the Governance Unit, only three projectshave been evaluated in the period 2000–2006:

n Mid-term Review of the Support toCapacity Building and Civil Service Reform in Rwanda, August 2003

n Mid-term Report of Good Governance and Poverty Reduction, no date

n Evaluation and Impact Assessment of theNational Unity and ReconciliationCommission (NURC), December 2005

The Governance Unit plans five project evalua-tions to take place in 2007 and one in 2008.

Among the projects managed by the StrategicPlanning and Economic Management Unit,three evaluations are foreseen in 2007. So far onlyone has been evaluated:

n Support to Formulation of National Poverty Strategy

In the Justice, HIV/AIDS and Gender Unit,one project has been evaluated to date:

n Capacity Development for Strengthening of National Response to HIV/AIDS inRwanda (Mid-term Review)

Full evaluation of HIV project support toNational Council for the Struggle Against AIDSwill be done in 2007.

The Sustainable Livelihoods Unit hasundertaken the following:

n Mid-term review of the Resettlement andReintegration Projects in Gisenyi andKibuye Provinces

n Final evaluation of Food Security Initiativethrough Small-scale Dairy Development inRwanda

The Aid Coordination Unit is expected to bethe object of an external evaluation in 2007.

Annex G

UNDP RWANDA EVALUATION COVERAGE, 2000–2006

annex a documents reviewed -...

Documents