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An Interna)onal Arc)c Vegeta)on Database D.A. Walker (1) , M.K. Raynolds (1) , A. Breen (1) , F.J.A. Daniëls (2 ), S.S. Talbot (3) , S.M. Hennekens (4) , R.K. Peet (5) , D.F. Murray (1) , M.D. Walker (6) (1) Ins(tute of Arc(c Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA (2) Ins(tute of Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, Münster, Germany (3) US Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, AK, USA (4) Alterra, Green World Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands (5) Biology Department, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, (6) Homer Energy, Boulder, CO, USA European Vegeta-on Survey, 21 st Workshop,, 2427 May 2012 In memory of Boris Yurtsev (19322004) whose concep)on of circumpolar Arc)c vegeta)on subdivisions is the framework for the IAVD.

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Page 1: An#Interna)onal#Arc)c#Vegeta)on#Database## · 24/05/2012  · Flora#and#Fauna#project#(CAFF)# (Elvebakket#al.#1999).# • Zonal#subdivisions#were#first# proposedinthe#1930’s( Gorodkov#

An  Interna)onal  Arc)c  Vegeta)on  Database    

D.A.  Walker  (1),  M.K.  Raynolds  (1),  A.  Breen  (1),  F.J.A.  Daniëls  (2),  S.S.  Talbot  (3),  S.M.  Hennekens  (4),  R.K.  Peet  (5),  D.F.  Murray(1),    

M.D.  Walker(6)    

(1)  Ins(tute  of  Arc(c  Biology,  University  of  Alaska  Fairbanks,  Fairbanks,  AK,  USA  (2)  Ins(tute  of  Biology  and  Biotechnology  of  Plants,  Münster,  Germany  

(3)  US  Fish  and  Wildlife  Service,  Anchorage,  AK,  USA  (4)  Alterra,  Green  World  Research,  Wageningen,  The  Netherlands  

(5)  Biology  Department,  The  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill,  Chapel  Hill,  NC,  USA,    (6)  Homer  Energy,  Boulder,  CO,  USA  

European  Vegeta-on  Survey,  21st  Workshop,,  24-­‐27  May  2012  

In  memory  of  Boris  Yurtsev  (1932-­‐2004)  whose  concep)on  of  circumpolar  Arc)c  vegeta)on  subdivisions  is  the  framework  for  the  IAVD.        

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Overview  of  talk  

•  How  the  IAVD  fits  within  the  CAFF  mandate  •  History  of  the  project  •  Circumpolar  Arc)c  Vegeta)on  Map  •  Conceptual  framework  for  the  project  

•  A  proposal  for  crea)ng  the  IAVD  •  CAFF  web-­‐based  data  portal  •  Funding  •  Timeline  

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The  IAVD  is  a  project  of  the    Conserva)on  of  Arc)c  Flora  and  Fauna  (CAFF)  

•  The  biodiversity  working  group  of  the  Arc)c  Council.    •  Consists  of  representa)ves  from  each  of  the  eight  Arc)c  countries.  

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How  the  IAVD  fits  within  the  CAFF  mandate  •  CAFF  promotes  the  following  ac)vi)es,  all  of  which  

are  central  to  the  IAVD  concept:    –  Interna)onal  opportuni)es  to  support  the  conserva)on  

needs  of  the  biodiversity  of  arc)c  flora  and  vegeta)on;  

–  Conserva)on  partnerships  within  the  Arc)c  and  neighboring  areas;  

–  Research  and  educa)on  for  conserva)on  partnerships;  –  Exchange  of  published  informa)on  and  unpublished  data  

concerning  arc)c  flora  and  vegeta)on;    

–  Development  of  coopera)ve  botanical  ac)vi)es  for  the  CAFF  annual  work  plan.  

•  The  IAVD  has  also  applied  for  an  endorsement  by  the  Interna)onal  Arc)c  Research  Commi`ee  and  use  of  the  IASC  logo  for  promo)ng  the  project.    Photo:  M.K.  Raynolds  

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Interna)onal  Arc)c  Vegeta)on  Database  

A  unified  web-­‐based  database  containing  as  much  of  the  

Circumpolar  Arc(c  relevé  data  as  possible.  

 

Walker,  D.A.  and  Raynolds,  M.K.  2011.  CAFF  Strategy  Series  No.  5.  

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Interna)onal  Arc)c  Vegeta)on  Database  

Need  for  Pan  Arc-c  databases  

Ul)mate  goals:  1.   Panarc)c  vegeta)on  classifica)on  using  Braun-­‐Blanquet  

approach    2.   Prodromus  (list)  of  Arc)c  plant  communi)es  with  links  to  USNVC  

units.    3.   Web  portal  with  tables,  descrip)ons,  photos,  maps  of  each  plant  

community.  

!

Photo:  D.A.  Walker,  Nuuk,  Greenland  

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Why  the  Arc)c?  

Of  all  the  global  biomes,  the  Arc3c  Tundra  Biome  best  lends  itself  to  a  unified  interna3onal  approach  for  managing  its  vegeta3on  informa3on.      

Photo:  D.A.  Walker,  Hayes  I.,  Franz  Josef  Land,  Russia  

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Why  the  Arc)c?  

•  The  Arc)c  is  floris)cally  and  vegeta)vely  the  most  homogeneous  of  the  global  biomes.    

•  Its  en)re  list  of  known  vascular  plants,  bryophytes  and  lichens  are    documented  in  up-­‐to-­‐date  checklists.    

•  It  is  already  mapped  at  the  global  scale  according  to  physiognomic  categories  (CAVM  Team  2003),  and  it  is  the  best  described  of  all  biomes.  

•   If  successfully  applied  here,  it  would  be  a  model  for  applica)on  to  other  global  biomes.  

Of  all  the  global  biomes,  the  Arc3c  Tundra  Biome  best  lends  itself  to  a  unified  interna3onal  approach  for  managing  its  vegeta3on  informa3on.      

Photo:  D.A.  Walker,  Hayes  I.,  Franz  Josef  Land,  Russia  

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Why  now?  

•  Global  climate  change  has  intensified  efforts  to  inventory,  classify  and  map  the  vegeta)on  of  the  Arc)c  in  much  more  detail  than  has  been  done  previously.    

•  Nearly  all  Arc)c  plant  community  data  are  not    presently  organized  in  any  easily  accessible  database  and  are  difficult  to  locate  and  access.  

•  The  amount  of  informa)on  in  the  Arc)c  (approximately  20,000  good  relevés)  makes  it  feasible  to  make  such  a  database.  

•  Much  of  the  informa)on  is  in  danger  of  being  lost  because  of  re)rement  or  death  of  key  inves)gators.    

Photo:  D.A.  Walker,  Nuuk,  Greenland  

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Origin:  1992  Boulder,  Colorado  Workshop  

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‘Boulder  Resolu)on’  signed  by  44  a`endees  at  the  workshop,  9  March  1992  

“…Be  it  resolved  that  the  interna)onal  community  of  arc)c  vegeta)on  scien)sts  undertakes  the  the  joint  tasks  of:  

1.  Crea-ng  a  database  of  type  relevé  data,  using  the  Panarc-c  Flora  as  a  common  taxonomical  base;  

2.  Developing  a  comprehensive  synthesis  of  phytosociological  informa-on  through  the  publica-on  of  a  Prodromus  of  arc-c  vegeta-on  syntaxa;  publica-on  of  a  bibliography  of  arc-c  vegeta-on  studies,  and  development  of  a  revised  syntaxonomical  classifica-on  for  the  circumpolar  region;    

3.  Compila-on,  edi-ng  and  publishing  an  arc-c  circumpolar  vegeta-on  map  depic-ng  the  distribu-on  and  boundaries  of  arc-c  vegeta-on  north  of  the  arc-c  tree  line  at  a  scale  of  1:7,500,000  and  legend  that  is  acceptable  and  understood  the  the  interna-onal  community  of  plant  scien-sts.  

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‘Boulder  Resolu)on’  signed  by  44  a`endees  at  the  workshop,  9  March  1992  

“…Be  it  resolved  that  the  interna)onal  community  of  arc)c  vegeta)on  scien)sts  undertakes  the  the  joint  tasks  of:  

1.   Crea)ng  a  database  of  type  relevé  data,  using  the  Panarc)c  Flora  as  a  common  taxonomical  base;  

2.  Developing  a  comprehensive  synthesis  of  phytosociological  informa-on  through  the  publica-on  of  a  Prodromus  of  arc-c  vegeta-on  syntaxa;  publica-on  of  a  bibliography  of  arc-c  vegeta-on  studies,  and  development  of  a  revised  syntaxonomical  classifica-on  for  the  circumpolar  region;    

3.  Compila-on,  edi-ng  and  publishing  an  arc-c  circumpolar  vegeta-on  map  depic-ng  the  distribu-on  and  boundaries  of  arc-c  vegeta-on  north  of  the  arc-c  tree  line  at  a  scale  of  1:7,500,000  and  legend  that  is  acceptable  and  understood  the  the  interna-onal  community  of  plant  scien-sts.  

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‘Boulder  Resolu)on’  signed  by  44  a`endees  at  the  workshop,  9  March  1992  

“…Be  it  resolved  that  the  interna)onal  community  of  arc)c  vegeta)on  scien)sts  undertakes  the  the  joint  tasks  of:  

1.  Crea-ng  a  database  of  type  relevé  data,  using  the  Panarc-c  Flora  as  a  common  taxonomical  base;  

2.  Developing  a  comprehensive  synthesis  of  phytosociological  informa-on  through  the  publica-on  of  a  Prodromus  of  arc-c  vegeta-on  syntaxa;  publica-on  of  a  bibliography  of  arc-c  vegeta-on  studies,  and  development  of  a  revised  syntaxonomical  classifica-on  for  the  circumpolar  region;    

3.   Compila)on,  edi)ng  and  publishing  an  arc)c  circumpolar  vegeta)on  map  depic-ng  the  distribu-on  and  boundaries  of  arc-c  vegeta-on  north  of  the  arc-c  tree  line  at  a  scale  of  1:7,500,000  and  legend  that  is  acceptable  and  understood  the  the  interna-onal  community  of  plant  scien-sts.  

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Circumpolar  Arc)c  Vegeta)on  Map  (CAVM)  

•  Published  as  CAFF  Map  No.  1  in  2003.  

•  Methods  and  descrip)on    in  Walker  et  al.  2005.  Jour.  Veg.  Sci.,  16-­‐267-­‐282.  

•  GIS  database  includes  maps  of  bioclimate  subzones,  floris)c  subprovinces,  substrate  pH,  landscape  types,  topography,  wetlands,  NDVI/biomass.  

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The  Arc)c  Tundra  

Bioclimate    Zone  

•  Treeline  is  the  southern  boundary.  

•  Excludes  regions  that  lack  an  Arc)c  climate  or  Arc)c  flora  (e.g.  Aleu)an  Islands,  most  of  Iceland  and  alpine  tundra  outside  the  Arc)c).  

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Russian  phytogeographic  framework  

•  The  CAVM  followed  the  approach  of  Yurtsev  (1978,  1994,  1995)  and  modified  by  Conserva)on  of  Arc)c  Flora  and  Fauna  project  (CAFF)  (Elvebakk  et  al.  1999).  

•  Zonal  subdivisions  were  first  proposed  in  the  1930’s  (Gorodkov  1935)  and  later  modified  by  Alexandrova,  Tolmachev,  Yurtsev,  Andreev,  Sochava,  Chernov  and  Mateveeva  and  others.  

•  Zones  are  characterized  by  the  vegeta)on  and  soil  that  best  express  the  regional  climate.  

   

 

B.A. Yurtsev (1932-2004)

Photo  of  Boris  Yurtsev,    

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Yurtsev’s  (1994)  phytogeographic  and  floris)c  subdivisions  of  the  Arc)c    

Yurtsev,  B.A.  1994.  Journal  of  Vegeta3on  Science.  Floris-c  division  of  the  Arc-c,  5:  765-­‐776.    

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Arc)c  bioclimate  subzones  

Dominant  plant  growth  forms  on  zonal  sites    in  each  subzone  

   A  –  mosses,  liverworts  and  lichens  with  some  grasses  and  forbs    B  –  rushes  and  prostrate  dwarf  shrubs  with  mosses,  liverworts  and  lichens      C  –  hemiprostrate  and  prostrate  dwarf  shrubs  with  bryophytes  and  lichens      D  –  sedges,  erect  and  prostrated  dwarf  shrubs  with  bryophytes  and  lichens    E  –  tussock  sedges,  low  and  erect  dwarf  shrubs  with  bryophytes  and  lichens  

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Goals:    •  To  determine  if  

the  Russian  approach  to  zona(on  could  be  applied  to  North  America.    

•  To  resolve  the  terminology  conflicts  that  prevented  unifica(on  of  the  Russian  and  North  American  approaches  to    classifying  vegeta(on.  

•  Introduce  students  to  the  Arc(c.  

1999  Interna)onal  CAVM  Expedi)on  to  Canada  

Photo:  D.A.  Walker,  Eureka,  Ellesmere,  I.  Canada,  1999    

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Panarc)c  Flora  web  site  

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Species  lists:  a  cri)cal  first  piece  

•  The  Panarc(c  Flora,  (PAF)  (Elven  et  al.  2011)  for  vascular  plants.    

•  CAFF  Arc)c  lichen  checklist  (Kris)nsson  et  al.  2011).    •  CAFF  Arc)c  moss  checklist  (Belland  2012,  unpublished).  

•  Liverwort  list  follows  (Konstan)nova  et  al.  2009).  

•  Synonyms  from  these  and  other  lists  will  be  included,  following  protocols  developed  for  the  SynBioSys  vegeta)on  informa)on  system  of  the  European  Vegeta)on  Survey,  h`p://www.synbiosys.alterra.nl/synbiosyseu/.  

•  Topic  for  discussion:  Links  to  GBIF  names.    

Photo:  D.A.  Walker  

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What  type  of  data?  

Plant  Community  Data:    

•  Preferably  published  plot  data  from  homogeneous  plant  communi)es  with  tables  of  cover  or  cover-­‐abundance  scores  for  all  species,  including  vascular  plants,  bryophytes,  and  lichens.  

•  Preferably  with  accompanying  environmental  informa)on.  

•  Braun-­‐Blanquet  or  USNVC  protocols  are  ideal.  

•  Samples  collected  with  point-­‐sampling  approaches,  incomplete  species  lists,    or  in  non  homeogeneous  vegeta)on  are  not  appropriate  for  this..  

Photo:  G.  Matyshak  ,  Hayes  Island,  Franz  Josef  Land,  Russia  

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Need  to  harmonize  North  American  and  European  vegeta)on  sampling  and  classifica)on  approaches  

•  So  much  of  the  world  is  heavily  invested  in  one  or  the  other  method  (DeCaceras  &  Wiser  2011).      

•  The  Arc)c  vegeta)on  database  would  be  constructed  so  that  the  date  could  be  incorporated  into  either  approach.  

Photo:  Ina  Timling,    moss-­‐cushion  community,    Hayes  Island,  Franz  Josef  Land,  Russia    

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Conceptual  framework  

CAFF/Circumpolar  Biodiversity  Monitoring  Programme  Collabora-on  

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CAFF  Biodiversity  Data  Portal  •  Under  development  by  CAFFs  Circumpolar  Biodiversity  

Monitoring  Program  (CBMP)  in  collabora)on  with  the  United  Na)ons  Environment  Programme  –  World  Conserva)on  Monitoring  Centre.  

•  Will  access,  integrate,  analyze,  and  display  biodiversity  informa)on  from  a  mul)tude  of  stand-­‐alone  web  servers.    

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CAFF  Arc)c  Plant  Portal  

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Need  to  work  out  the  kinks:    •  Turboveg  database  compa)ble  with  VegBank  and  IBIS  (Russian  

database  approach).  

•  How  to  handle  environmental  data?  

•  Prototypes  for  Greenland  and  Arc)c  Alaska.      •  SynBioSys  experience  should  provide  a  great  deal  of  help.  

Photo:  D.A.  Walker  

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CAFF/Circumpolar  Biodiversity  Monitoring  Programme  Collabora-on  

Datasets

spreadsheetordatabase

formats(Excel,IBIS,

Turboveg,dbsetc.)

Standardized

exchange

format(e.g.

Turboveg,

standardXML

files)

Server

site

soEware

IAVD

PanarcJc

species

list

Russia

datasets

North

America

datasets

Greenland,

Scandinavia

datasets

CentralIAVD

(LocaJontobe

determined)

Analyses

CBMPWeb

DataPortal

Products

Includingspeciesmatrices,

environmentaldata

matrices,specieslists,pdf

ofpublicaJons,metadata,

etc.

DescripJon,classificaJon,

analysisofArcJc

vegetaJon,habitatsand

environment

Data  flow  

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Funding  •  Proposal  will  be  wri`en  auer  the  first  organizing  workshop.    •  Will  require  funds  from  a  variety  of  interna)onal  agencies.  

•  An)cipated  5-­‐6  year  project.  An)cipated  items  in  the  proposal:  

–  3-­‐4  workshops  for  key  inves(gators    –  Full-­‐(me  post-­‐doc  vegeta(on  experts  (Russia,  North  America,  and  Greenland/Scandinavia)    

–  Student  assistants  to  help  with  data  entry.  –  Consul(ng  to  help  to  design  the  Turboveg  and  PostgreSQL  databases.  

– Web-­‐site  developer.  

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Proposed  Timeline  •  Year  1-­‐2:  Organizing  workshop,  Abisko,  Sweden.  Complete  

IAVD  prototypes.  Obtain  funding.    

•  Year  2-­‐4:  Assemble  data  from  literature  sources  at  three  main  centers  UAF  (North  America),  Münster  (Greenland  and  Scandinavia),  and  St.  Petersburg  (Russia).  Build  server  site  souware.  Build  web  pages  for  data  portal.  

•  Year  5-­‐6:  Test  and  release  the  database.  Photo:  D.A.  Walker.  Nenets  reindeer  herder,  Yamal  Peninsula,  Russia  

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Concluding  statements  •  The  IAVD  is  supported  by  CAFF  through  the  CFWG.  •  The  IAVD  has  roots  extending  back  over  20  years  in  PAF  and  the  

CAVM.  •  The  CAVM  provides  a  circumpolar  framework  for  Arc)c  vegeta)on  

and  the  IAVD.  •  The  CBMP  data  portal  will  make  the  database  available  on-­‐line.  •  A  conceptual  framework  for  the  IAVD,  a  realis)c  funding  strategy    

and  )meline  are  laid  out  in  CAFF  Strategy  Report  No.  5.    •  Proposals  are  needed  for  making  the  IAVD  a  reality.  

Photo:  D.A.  Walker.  Franz  Josef  Land