animal biotechnology. animal biotech animals provide a number of products we use in every day life....
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Animal Biotechnology
![Page 2: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Animal Biotech• Animals provide a number of
products we use in every day life.
• Milk• Leather• Wool
![Page 3: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Animal Biotech• Eggs
• Meat
![Page 4: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Roles of Animals in Biotech
• Animals are involved in lab experiments.
• Without the use of animals humans might be in danger.
![Page 5: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Animal Models• 4 models apply for the use of
animals.• Living animals
• Living animal tissues or systems
• Non-Living systems
![Page 6: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Animal Models• Computer and Mathematical
approaches
![Page 7: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Living Animals• These animals are living and
usually have no threat to their well being.
• Such animals may be known as laboratory or scientific animals.
![Page 8: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Living Animals• Agricultural Research often
uses experimental groups of animals.
![Page 9: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Living animal tissues or systems
• Animal tissues can be cultured in a lab.
• This saves the use of animals as well as the expense of feeding, housing, and cleaning up after the animals.
![Page 10: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Non-Living Systems• Involves using non living
mechanical models that reflect animal activity.
• These often relate to skeletal movement and locomotion
![Page 11: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Non-Living Systems• Artificial replacement parts,
such as hip joints can be studied using non living systems.
![Page 12: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Computer and mathematical approaches
• Computer simulations with virtual reality and other uses help in biotechnology.
• Computer modeling may be done with a propose biotechnology practice before it is tested with animals.
![Page 13: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Laboratory animals• A laboratory animal is an
animal used for laboratory or research purpose.
• Good tending is needed to assume that the research is properly carried out.
![Page 14: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Laboratory animals• Without research involving
animals, scientists would not have a base of information.
![Page 15: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Animal Species• Most animals are subjects of
study at one time or another.
• Most common species used in research laboratories are mice, rats, and hamsters.
![Page 16: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Animal Species• A primate is an animal with
thumb and forefinger opposition.
• A non human primate is similar to humans but is not a human.
![Page 17: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Animal Reproduction• Reproduction is a process by
which offspring are produced.• Sexual Reproduction is the
union of a sperm and egg to ultimately produce a new individual.
![Page 18: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Animal Reproduction• The union of the sperm and
egg is called fertilization.• Semen- the fluid produced by
the male reproductive organs, contains sperm.
![Page 19: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Animal Reproduction• Copulation- is the sexual
uniting of animals so the male can ejaculate semen near the eggs in the reproductive tract of the female.
![Page 20: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Reproductive Development
• Puberty-is the time at which an animal is capable of reproduction.
• Fertilization- union of the sperm and egg results in the formation of a zygote
![Page 21: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Reproductive Development
• Gestation- is the period of pregnancy in animals.
• Parturition- is the birthing process.
• Lactation- is the secretion of milk by the mammary glands.
![Page 22: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Reproductive Development
• Dry time is a time when mammals are not lactating.
![Page 23: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Estrous Cycle• Estrous is a time when a
female is fertile and receptive to a male.
• The estrous cycle is the time between the estrous.
![Page 24: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The Estrous Cycle• The three periods in the
estrous cycle that follow estrous are metestrus, diestrus, and proestrus.
![Page 25: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Artificial Insemination
• Artificial insemination is the transfer of collected semen to a recipient female. It is used with sheep, beef cattle, turkeys, and swine.
• Generally female estrous cycles are regulated with hormone injections.
![Page 26: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Artificial Insemination
• Sperm are collected from males by artificially promoting ejaculation.
![Page 27: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Gender Preselection• Gender preselection is
choosing the gender of a potential offspring.
• Gender preselection may be done by sorting sperm.
![Page 28: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Gender Preselection• The DNA content of sperm
varies slightly based on the gender of the offspring that would result from conception.
![Page 29: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Embryo Transfer
• Embryo transfer is the harvesting of fertilized ova from a donor and implanting them into a recipient.
• The harvested embyros are transferred to a recipient.
![Page 30: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Embryo Transfer• Non surgical transfer
involves flushing the embryos from the uterine horn.
![Page 31: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Bovine Somatotropin• Bovine somatotropin is a natural
occurring growth hormone produced in the pituitary gland in the endocrine system.
• By treating dairy cattle with the hormone, milk production is increased approximately 15%.
![Page 32: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Bovine Somatotropin• Some small dairy producers
do not use BST and incorporate that fact in their advertising.
![Page 33: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Transgenic Animals and Products
• Pigs- have been used to manufacture human hemoglobin.
• A xenograft is the practice of grafting an organ or a tissue from one species into another.
![Page 34: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Transgenic Animals and Products
• Mice- transgenetic mice have been used in several ways.
• One of the best known is to produce human antibodies.
• Cattle- are used to control disease such as mastitis in dairy cows.
![Page 35: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Methods of creating transgenetic animals
• Step One- collect embryos• With proper stimulation far
more embryos can be obtained than would be the natural result of the reproductive process.
![Page 36: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Methods of creating transgenetic animals
• Step Two- Inject embyros.
• A pro nucleus is the haploid nucleus of the sperm or ovum that have united in fertilization to form a zygote.
![Page 37: Animal Biotechnology. Animal Biotech Animals provide a number of products we use in every day life. Milk Leather Wool](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5513e08555034679748b540b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Methods of creating transgenetic animals
• Step Three- Zygote Culture
• The zygotes are placed in the oviduct of a recipient female.