animal behavior. behavior a behavior is anything an organism does in response to a stimulus in its...
TRANSCRIPT
Animal behaviorAnimal behavior
Behavior Behavior A behavior is anything
an organism does in response to a stimulus in its environment.
A behavior is anything an organism does in response to a stimulus in its environment.
Brainpop- Behavior
Behavior Behavior A stimulus is any kind of
signal (chemical or physical) that can be detected by an organism; a response is the organism’s reaction to the stimulus.
Ex . Lowered blood sugar causes a release in insulin which triggers a feeling of hunger.
A stimulus is any kind of signal (chemical or physical) that can be detected by an organism; a response is the organism’s reaction to the stimulus.
Ex . Lowered blood sugar causes a release in insulin which triggers a feeling of hunger.
Fill It In …Fill It In …
Give any example of a stimulus and a response:
Give any example of a stimulus and a response:
Behavior Behavior Behaviors have evolved as
a result of natural selection.
A behavior that is beneficial to an organism has adaptive value - it allows the organism to survive and reproduce better than those organisms that do NOT display this behavior
Behaviors have evolved as a result of natural selection.
A behavior that is beneficial to an organism has adaptive value - it allows the organism to survive and reproduce better than those organisms that do NOT display this behavior
Behavior Behavior These behaviors may be
directed by genes (DNA) and can therefore be inherited by organisms from their parents.
These behaviors may be directed by genes (DNA) and can therefore be inherited by organisms from their parents.
Behavior Behavior Most behaviors occur as a
result of inherited genes AND environmental influences
Most behaviors occur as a result of inherited genes AND environmental influences
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Don’t forget!Behaviors occurring as a result of genes and
the environment illustrate the concept of ___________ vs. ______________
Don’t forget!Behaviors occurring as a result of genes and
the environment illustrate the concept of ___________ vs. ______________
Two Main Types of Behavior Two Main Types of Behavior Innate behaviors are
inborn (genetically programmed), so the organism is born already “knowing” the behavior.
Innate behaviors are inborn (genetically programmed), so the organism is born already “knowing” the behavior.
Two Main Types of Behavior Two Main Types of Behavior Learned behaviors
are aquired during an organism’s life and may change with practice and experience.
Learned behaviors are aquired during an organism’s life and may change with practice and experience.
Check Yourself!Check Yourself!1. What is a behavior?
2. What are the two main types of behaviors?
3. What is adaptive value?
4. Circle the stimulus and put a square around the response:
1. The skin itches and the dog scratches.2. Chimpanzees bare their teeth at the approach of a baboon.
1. What is a behavior?
2. What are the two main types of behaviors?
3. What is adaptive value?
4. Circle the stimulus and put a square around the response:
1. The skin itches and the dog scratches.2. Chimpanzees bare their teeth at the approach of a baboon.
Check Yourself!Check Yourself!1. What is a behavior? ANYTHING AN ORGANISM
DOES IN RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS2. What are the two main types of behaviors?
3. What is adaptive value?
4. Circle the stimulus and put a square around the response:
1. The skin itches and the dog scratches.2. Chimpanzees bare their teeth at the approach of a baboon.
1. What is a behavior? ANYTHING AN ORGANISM DOES IN RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS
2. What are the two main types of behaviors?
3. What is adaptive value?
4. Circle the stimulus and put a square around the response:
1. The skin itches and the dog scratches.2. Chimpanzees bare their teeth at the approach of a baboon.
Check Yourself!Check Yourself!1. What is a behavior? ANYTHING AN ORGANISM
DOES IN RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS2. What are the two main types of behaviors? INNATE
& LEARNED3. What is adaptive value?
4. Circle the stimulus and put a square around the response:
1. The skin itches and the dog scratches.2. Chimpanzees bare their teeth at the approach of a baboon.
1. What is a behavior? ANYTHING AN ORGANISM DOES IN RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS
2. What are the two main types of behaviors? INNATE & LEARNED
3. What is adaptive value?
4. Circle the stimulus and put a square around the response:
1. The skin itches and the dog scratches.2. Chimpanzees bare their teeth at the approach of a baboon.
Check Yourself!Check Yourself!1. What is a behavior? ANYTHING AN ORGANISM
DOES IN RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS2. What are the two main types of behaviors? INNATE
& LEARNED3. What is adaptive value? ALLOWS ORGANISMS
TO SURVIVE & REPRODUCE BETTER4. Circle the stimulus and put a square around the
response:1. The skin itches and the dog scratches.2. Chimpanzees bare their teeth at the approach of a baboon.
1. What is a behavior? ANYTHING AN ORGANISM DOES IN RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS
2. What are the two main types of behaviors? INNATE & LEARNED
3. What is adaptive value? ALLOWS ORGANISMS TO SURVIVE & REPRODUCE BETTER
4. Circle the stimulus and put a square around the response:
1. The skin itches and the dog scratches.2. Chimpanzees bare their teeth at the approach of a baboon.
Check Yourself!Check Yourself!1. What is a behavior? ANYTHING AN ORGANISM
DOES IN RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS2. What are the two main types of behaviors? INNATE
& LEARNED3. What is adaptive value? ALLOWS ORGANISMS
TO SURVIVE & REPRODUCE BETTER4. Circle the stimulus and put a square around the
response:1. The skin itches and the dog scratches.2. Chimpanzees bare their teeth at the approach of a baboon.
1. What is a behavior? ANYTHING AN ORGANISM DOES IN RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS
2. What are the two main types of behaviors? INNATE & LEARNED
3. What is adaptive value? ALLOWS ORGANISMS TO SURVIVE & REPRODUCE BETTER
4. Circle the stimulus and put a square around the response:
1. The skin itches and the dog scratches.2. Chimpanzees bare their teeth at the approach of a baboon.
Check Yourself!Check Yourself!1. What is a behavior? ANYTHING AN ORGANISM
DOES IN RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS2. What are the two main types of behaviors? INNATE
& LEARNED3. What is adaptive value? ALLOWS ORGANISMS
TO SURVIVE & REPRODUCE BETTER4. Circle the stimulus and put a square around the
response:1. The skin itches and the dog scratches.2. Chimpanzees bare their teeth at the approach of a baboon.
1. What is a behavior? ANYTHING AN ORGANISM DOES IN RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS
2. What are the two main types of behaviors? INNATE & LEARNED
3. What is adaptive value? ALLOWS ORGANISMS TO SURVIVE & REPRODUCE BETTER
4. Circle the stimulus and put a square around the response:
1. The skin itches and the dog scratches.2. Chimpanzees bare their teeth at the approach of a baboon.
Innate behaviorsInnate behaviors Simple innate
behaviors: Automatic - quick,
unconscious reactions Ex. Reflexes such as
blinking
Simple innate behaviors:
Automatic - quick, unconscious reactions
Ex. Reflexes such as blinking
Innate behaviorsInnate behaviors Simple innate
behaviors: Fight-or-Flight
response - the body prepares for action in response to stress or fear
Ex. Increased heart rate and respiration rate when in a car accident
Simple innate behaviors:
Fight-or-Flight response - the body prepares for action in response to stress or fear
Ex. Increased heart rate and respiration rate when in a car accident
Innate behaviorsInnate behaviors More complex innate
behaviors (and urges) are often referred to as INSTINCTS.
Simple instincts include “suckling”, allowing animals to be able to feed right after birth.
Other instincts are more complex; these behaviors may be classified as one of the following:
More complex innate behaviors (and urges) are often referred to as INSTINCTS.
Simple instincts include “suckling”, allowing animals to be able to feed right after birth.
Other instincts are more complex; these behaviors may be classified as one of the following:
Innate behaviorsInnate behaviors Courtship behavior -
pre-mating behavior designed to help an organism recognize and pick the “best” mate
Ex. Fireflies flash lights
Courtship behavior - pre-mating behavior designed to help an organism recognize and pick the “best” mate
Ex. Fireflies flash lights
The Mating Dance The Mating Dance
Innate behaviorsInnate behaviors Territoriality - defending
physical space against other animals; reduces competition for scarce resources
Ex. A cat scent-marks its territory to warn others
Territoriality - defending physical space against other animals; reduces competition for scarce resources
Ex. A cat scent-marks its territory to warn others
Innate behaviorsInnate behaviors Aggression - a threatening
behavior that one animal uses to gain control over another
Ex. Lions show their fangs and snap at other lions
Aggression - a threatening behavior that one animal uses to gain control over another
Ex. Lions show their fangs and snap at other lions
Innate behaviorsInnate behaviors Dominance Hierarchy - a
social ranking within a group that establishes dominant and submissive members
Ex. A puppy rolls over and exposes its belly to adult dogs
Dominance Hierarchy - a social ranking within a group that establishes dominant and submissive members
Ex. A puppy rolls over and exposes its belly to adult dogs
Innate behaviorsInnate behaviors Orientation behaviors Animals display TAXIS
behaviors Movement toward or away
from a stimulus Phototaxis - movement in
response to light Ex. Moths are attacted to
light (positive)
Orientation behaviors Animals display TAXIS
behaviors Movement toward or away
from a stimulus Phototaxis - movement in
response to light Ex. Moths are attacted to
light (positive)
Innate behaviorsInnate behaviors Chemotaxis - movement
in response to chemicals Ex. Insects are attracted to
chemical signals from other insects (positive)
Chemotaxis - movement in response to chemicals Ex. Insects are attracted to
chemical signals from other insects (positive)
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Innate behavior summary:1. Simple
a.b.
2. Instinctsa.b.c.d.e.
Innate behavior summary:1. Simple
a.b.
2. Instinctsa.b.c.d.e.
Innate behaviorsInnate behaviors Behavioral Cycles
(Biological “Clock”) Many animals respond to
periodic changes in the environment with daily or seasonal cycles of behavior; these cycles allow for survival during periods when food or other resources may not be available.
Behavioral Cycles (Biological “Clock”)
Many animals respond to periodic changes in the environment with daily or seasonal cycles of behavior; these cycles allow for survival during periods when food or other resources may not be available.
Innate behaviorsInnate behaviors Circadian rhythms
are daily cycles of behavior
Ex. Sleeping and waking
Based on 24-hours
Circadian rhythms are daily cycles of behavior
Ex. Sleeping and waking
Based on 24-hours
z zz
z
Innate behaviorsInnate behaviors Seasonal rhythms
occur at certain times of the year
Migration - movement from one place to another and then back again in response to environmental stimuli
Seasonal rhythms occur at certain times of the year
Migration - movement from one place to another and then back again in response to environmental stimuli
Innate behaviorsInnate behaviors Hibernation - a
decrease in metabolism in response to colder temperatures
Hibernation - a decrease in metabolism in response to colder temperatures
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpY4frpheWw
Innate behaviorsInnate behaviors Estivation - a
decrease in metabolism in response to warmer temperatures
Estivation - a decrease in metabolism in response to warmer temperatures
Fill It In …Fill It In …
Give 4 examples of “biological clocks”:1.2.3.4.
Give 4 examples of “biological clocks”:1.2.3.4.
Check Yourself!Check Yourself!
1. Name two simple innate behaviors.
2. More complex innate behaviors are called ______________.
3. Define a taxis behavior.
4. What is a “biological clock”?
1. Name two simple innate behaviors.
2. More complex innate behaviors are called ______________.
3. Define a taxis behavior.
4. What is a “biological clock”?
Check Yourself!Check Yourself!
1. Name two simple innate behaviors. AUTOMATIC & FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT
2. More complex innate behaviors are called ______________.
3. Define a taxis behavior.
4. What is a “biological clock”?
1. Name two simple innate behaviors. AUTOMATIC & FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT
2. More complex innate behaviors are called ______________.
3. Define a taxis behavior.
4. What is a “biological clock”?
Check Yourself!Check Yourself!
1. Name two simple innate behaviors. AUTOMATIC & FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT
2. More complex innate behaviors are called INSTINCTS .
3. Define a taxis behavior.
4. What is a “biological clock”?
1. Name two simple innate behaviors. AUTOMATIC & FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT
2. More complex innate behaviors are called INSTINCTS .
3. Define a taxis behavior.
4. What is a “biological clock”?
Check Yourself!Check Yourself!
1. Name two simple innate behaviors. AUTOMATIC & FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT
2. More complex innate behaviors are called INSTINCTS .
3. Define a taxis behavior. MOVEMENT TOWARD OR AWAY FROM A STIMULUS
4. What is a “biological clock”?
1. Name two simple innate behaviors. AUTOMATIC & FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT
2. More complex innate behaviors are called INSTINCTS .
3. Define a taxis behavior. MOVEMENT TOWARD OR AWAY FROM A STIMULUS
4. What is a “biological clock”?
Check Yourself!Check Yourself!
1. Name two simple innate behaviors. AUTOMATIC & FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT
2. More complex innate behaviors are called INSTINCTS .
3. Define a taxis behavior. MOVEMENT TOWARD OR AWAY FROM A STIMULUS
4. What is a “biological clock”? RESPONSE IN PERIODIC CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1. Name two simple innate behaviors. AUTOMATIC & FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT
2. More complex innate behaviors are called INSTINCTS .
3. Define a taxis behavior. MOVEMENT TOWARD OR AWAY FROM A STIMULUS
4. What is a “biological clock”? RESPONSE IN PERIODIC CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Make a chart of Innate behaviors!Make a chart of Innate behaviors!Behavior (INSTINCT) DESCRIBE an example
(different from notes!)
Courtship
Territoriality
Aggression
Dominance Hierarchy
Orientation / Taxis
Circadian Rhythm
Migration
Hibernation
Estivation
Learned behaviorsLearned behaviors Learned behaviors are
present mostly in animals with a more highly developed nervous system.
Learning requires motivation - an internal need that causes an animal to act (i.e. hunger)
Learned behaviors are present mostly in animals with a more highly developed nervous system.
Learning requires motivation - an internal need that causes an animal to act (i.e. hunger)
Types of learning:Types of learning: Habituation - occurs
when an animal is repeatedly given a stimulus with no punishment or reward; eventually the animal stops responding
Ex. You are able to sleep through the night even though you live close to the train tracks.
Habituation - occurs when an animal is repeatedly given a stimulus with no punishment or reward; eventually the animal stops responding
Ex. You are able to sleep through the night even though you live close to the train tracks.
Types of learning:Types of learning: Classical
conditioning - occurs when an animal makes a connection between a stimulus and some kind of reward or punishment; also called “learning by association”
Ex. Pavlov’s dogs
Classical conditioning - occurs when an animal makes a connection between a stimulus and some kind of reward or punishment; also called “learning by association”
Ex. Pavlov’s dogs
Types of learning:Types of learning: Pavlov showed the
dogs food. The dogs salivated. Pavlov started to ring
a bell every time he fed the dogs.
Eventually, the dogs would salivate whenever they heard the bell - even when food was not present.
Pavlov showed the dogs food.
The dogs salivated. Pavlov started to ring
a bell every time he fed the dogs.
Eventually, the dogs would salivate whenever they heard the bell - even when food was not present.
Brainpop- Conditioning
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eo7jcI8fAuI
Types of learning:Types of learning: Operant conditioning -
occurs when an animal learns to behave a certain way through repeated practice, in order to receive a reward or avoid punishment; also called “trial-and-error”
Ex. A mouse learns how to get through a maze in order to get the food at the end
Operant conditioning - occurs when an animal learns to behave a certain way through repeated practice, in order to receive a reward or avoid punishment; also called “trial-and-error”
Ex. A mouse learns how to get through a maze in order to get the food at the end
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OynlzqtxmY
Types of learning:Types of learning: Insight
learning/Reasoning - the most complicated form of learning that occurs when an animal applies something it has already learned to a new situation.
Ex. A pianist is able to play a new piece of music by “ear”
Insight learning/Reasoning - the most complicated form of learning that occurs when an animal applies something it has already learned to a new situation.
Ex. A pianist is able to play a new piece of music by “ear”
Fill It In …Fill It In …
Types of learned behaviors:1.2.3.4.
Types of learned behaviors:1.2.3.4.
Check Yourself!Check Yourself!
1. What is motivation?
2. What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning?
3. Who was Ivan Pavlov?
1. What is motivation?
2. What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning?
3. Who was Ivan Pavlov?
Check Yourself!Check Yourself!
1. What is motivation? INTERNAL NEED THAT CAUSES AN ANIMAL TO ACT
2. What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning?
3. Who was Ivan Pavlov?
1. What is motivation? INTERNAL NEED THAT CAUSES AN ANIMAL TO ACT
2. What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning?
3. Who was Ivan Pavlov?
Check Yourself!Check Yourself!
1. What is motivation? INTERNAL NEED THAT CAUSES AN ANIMAL TO ACT
2. What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning? CLASSICAL = LEARNING BY ASSOCIATION; OPERANT = TRIAL-AND-ERROR
3. Who was Ivan Pavlov?
1. What is motivation? INTERNAL NEED THAT CAUSES AN ANIMAL TO ACT
2. What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning? CLASSICAL = LEARNING BY ASSOCIATION; OPERANT = TRIAL-AND-ERROR
3. Who was Ivan Pavlov?
Check Yourself!Check Yourself!
1. What is motivation? INTERNAL NEED THAT CAUSES AN ANIMAL TO ACT
2. What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning? CLASSICAL = LEARNING BY ASSOCIATION; OPERANT = TRIAL-AND-ERROR
3. Who was Ivan Pavlov? STUDIED CLASSICAL CONDITIONING WITH DOGS
1. What is motivation? INTERNAL NEED THAT CAUSES AN ANIMAL TO ACT
2. What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning? CLASSICAL = LEARNING BY ASSOCIATION; OPERANT = TRIAL-AND-ERROR
3. Who was Ivan Pavlov? STUDIED CLASSICAL CONDITIONING WITH DOGS
Combining Innate and Learned Behaviors - most behaviors result from a combination of innate and learned behaviors.
Combining Innate and Learned Behaviors - most behaviors result from a combination of innate and learned behaviors.
Social behaviorsSocial behaviors Social behaviors -
often combine learned and innate behaviors
Whenever animals interact with members of their own species, they are exhibiting social behaviors.
Social behaviors - often combine learned and innate behaviors
Whenever animals interact with members of their own species, they are exhibiting social behaviors.
Social behaviorsSocial behaviors Some animals may form
societies - a group of related animals of the same species that interact closely and often cooperate with one another.
Membership in a society may offer great survival advantages.
Ex. Zebras heard when grazing to confuse predators.
Some animals may form societies - a group of related animals of the same species that interact closely and often cooperate with one another.
Membership in a society may offer great survival advantages.
Ex. Zebras heard when grazing to confuse predators.
Social behaviorsSocial behaviors Social behaviors
include courtship, territoriality, dominance hierarchy, and communication.
Social behaviors include courtship, territoriality, dominance hierarchy, and communication.
Social behaviorsSocial behaviors Imprinting involves
very young animals recognizing and following the first moving object they see - the urge to follow is innate but must learn from experience what object to follow
Ex. Ducklings imprint on their mother
Imprinting involves very young animals recognizing and following the first moving object they see - the urge to follow is innate but must learn from experience what object to follow
Ex. Ducklings imprint on their mother
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OynlzqtxmY
Social behaviorsSocial behaviors Communication involves
the passing of information from one organism to another.
Innate forms of communication may involve sound (a whale’s song), sight (baring teeth), touch (chimp grooming), or chemicals (insects release pheromones)
Communication involves the passing of information from one organism to another.
Innate forms of communication may involve sound (a whale’s song), sight (baring teeth), touch (chimp grooming), or chemicals (insects release pheromones)
Social behaviorsSocial behaviors The most complex
form of communication is language - the use of symbols to represent ideas; requires a complex nervous system, memory, and insight.
The most complex form of communication is language - the use of symbols to represent ideas; requires a complex nervous system, memory, and insight.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEh-zclVo44
courtship- birds
Fill It In …Fill It In …
Phermones are …
Example:
Phermones are …
Example:
Fill It In …Fill It In …
Examples of social behaviors (indicate if innate or learned):
1.2.3.4.
Examples of social behaviors (indicate if innate or learned):
1.2.3.4.
Check Yourself!Check Yourself!
1. What is a society?
2. Name an animal that is likely to imprint on the first moving object it sees.
3. How are pheromones a means of communication?
4. What is the most complex form of communication?
1. What is a society?
2. Name an animal that is likely to imprint on the first moving object it sees.
3. How are pheromones a means of communication?
4. What is the most complex form of communication?
Check Yourself!Check Yourself!
1. What is a society? A GROUP OF RELATED ANIMALS OF THE SAME SPECIES THAT INTERACT CLOSELY AND OFTEN COOPERATE WITH ONE ANOTHER
2. Name an animal that is likely to imprint on the first moving object it sees.
3. How are pheromones a means of communication?
4. What is the most complex form of communication?
1. What is a society? A GROUP OF RELATED ANIMALS OF THE SAME SPECIES THAT INTERACT CLOSELY AND OFTEN COOPERATE WITH ONE ANOTHER
2. Name an animal that is likely to imprint on the first moving object it sees.
3. How are pheromones a means of communication?
4. What is the most complex form of communication?
Check Yourself!Check Yourself!
1. What is a society? A GROUP OF RELATED ANIMALS OF THE SAME SPECIES THAT INTERACT CLOSELY AND OFTEN COOPERATE WITH ONE ANOTHER
2. Name an animal that is likely to imprint on the first moving object it sees. DUCKLING
3. How are pheromones a means of communication?
4. What is the most complex form of communication?
1. What is a society? A GROUP OF RELATED ANIMALS OF THE SAME SPECIES THAT INTERACT CLOSELY AND OFTEN COOPERATE WITH ONE ANOTHER
2. Name an animal that is likely to imprint on the first moving object it sees. DUCKLING
3. How are pheromones a means of communication?
4. What is the most complex form of communication?
Check Yourself!Check Yourself!
1. What is a society? A GROUP OF RELATED ANIMALS OF THE SAME SPECIES THAT INTERACT CLOSELY AND OFTEN COOPERATE WITH ONE ANOTHER
2. Name an animal that is likely to imprint on the first moving object it sees. DUCKLING
3. How are pheromones a means of communication? CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION
4. What is the most complex form of communication?
1. What is a society? A GROUP OF RELATED ANIMALS OF THE SAME SPECIES THAT INTERACT CLOSELY AND OFTEN COOPERATE WITH ONE ANOTHER
2. Name an animal that is likely to imprint on the first moving object it sees. DUCKLING
3. How are pheromones a means of communication? CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION
4. What is the most complex form of communication?
Check Yourself!Check Yourself!
1. What is a society? A GROUP OF RELATED ANIMALS OF THE SAME SPECIES THAT INTERACT CLOSELY AND OFTEN COOPERATE WITH ONE ANOTHER
2. Name an animal that is likely to imprint on the first moving object it sees. DUCKLING
3. How are pheromones a means of communication? CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION
4. What is the most complex form of communication? LANGUAGE
1. What is a society? A GROUP OF RELATED ANIMALS OF THE SAME SPECIES THAT INTERACT CLOSELY AND OFTEN COOPERATE WITH ONE ANOTHER
2. Name an animal that is likely to imprint on the first moving object it sees. DUCKLING
3. How are pheromones a means of communication? CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION
4. What is the most complex form of communication? LANGUAGE