AMMA&S AM@ PETg

o) Yes, l do. l love thern so much l'd like to become azoologist or an ethologist and l'd like to study animalbehaviou l,.

b) l love animals. ldon't think l could live without them. lhave a dog, two cats and a budgie.

c) l don't like animats. l am afraid of them, especiallydogs. l have been afraid of dogs since l was attackedand bitten by the neighbour's dog when ! was threeyears old. l get frightened whenever they come runningtowards me, even if they are wagging their tails.

anmal ['renlmel] - llatzoologist [zulolad3rstJ - zoolgus (llatta n-tuds)ethologist [ii0oled3rstJ - llati viselkeds kutatstudy ['stndi] - tanulrnnyozbehaviour [bthervje*] - visel kedswthout [wt aut] - ntktilbudge ['bnd3iJ - torpepapagjbe afraid of ['freld] - flespecially fi'speJeli] - kl,ilonsenattack [dtrck] - megtmadbite [balt] - megharapneghbour ['nelbon] - szomszdget frightened [tfraltend] - megrmtwag [wregJ - csvltail [terl] - farok

a) l have got a lot of favourites, but if l have to pick onelwouId go for the tiger. l love tigers because they arevery beautiful, majestic and independent creatures.Their cubs are absolutety adorable.

b) My favourite animals are horses. They are strong andintelligent. l love the way they took, smetl and soundand l love riding them. My favourite breed is theArabian. lt is very graceful. l enjoy feeding them andgrooming them; even cleaning their stable is fun forme.

c) l've always loved dogs. l can't irnagine rny tife withoutthem. They are loyal, and that's why we call them man'sbest friends. They are adaptable and very intelligent.They are devoted to the!r owners and protect thernagainst danger. They are clever so they can easily learnto obey orders, and they can fetch and bring backba lls.

pick [ptk] - kivlasztgo for - vlasztmajestic [moU3estrk] - fensgesindependent [,rndlpendantJ - ftigeetlencreature ['kri:ta*J - lnycub [knb] - kolyokabsoltrtely [,rebse'lu:tli] - teIjesen, nagyonadorable [aUc:rablJ - imdnivalintelligent [rrttelrd3ent] - intetl!genslook [lok] - kinzsmell [smel] - illata vansound [satlnd] - hangja vanbreed [bri:dJ - fajtaArabian [e'rerbien] - arabgraceful ['grelsfo! - kecsesfeed [fi:dJ - etetgroom [grrr:m] - pol, kefleven ['i:ven] - mgstable ['sterblJ - isttlfun [fnn] - szrakozsimagne [r'mred3lnJ - e!kpzelloyal ['lclel] - hisgesadaptable [oUrepteblJ - a lka lmazkodbe devoted to [dlvecrtld] - ragaszkodikowne!, [bt_rna*J - tulajdonosprotect [pra'tekt] - megvddanger [telnd3o*J - veszlyclever ['kleva*J - okosobey [eu'ber] - engedelmeskedikorder ['c:da*] - parancsfetch tfet] - odahoz, rte megy

155

20, AtvlMALs ANp Prrs

hdd?

a) l have never had a pet because my parents wouldn'tlet me have one. l'd like to have a cat. cats are soft,cuddly, loveable and extremely clean.

b) l have a hamster. Hamsters are cute, playful and veryeasy to look after. The only problem with them is thatthey easily find ways to escape from their cages andthen it takes forever to find them.

c) l have had a lot of pets - hamsters,gulnea pigs andgerbils. Now l have a little rabbit called Nyusz - she isthe most lovable pet t have ever had.

pet - kedvenc kisllatlet - engedsoft - puhacuddly ['kndli] - olelnivalloveable ['lnvebl] - szeretnivalextremely [rk'stri:mli] - nagyonhamster ['hremste*] - horcsogcute [kju:t] - aranyosplayful ['plerfel] - jtkoslook after [b:fto*] - gondozway lwetJ - mde cape [r'skerp] - elmeneklcage [keld3J - ketrecit takes forever [fdreve*] - orokk tartgunea pig ['grni plg] - tengerimalacgerbil [\l3s:bel] - futegrrabbit ['raebrtJ - ny l

Why?

l think dogs make the best pets. They are great fun. Theynever let you down. lf you treat them with love you willhave a friend for life. They can be trained to protect ourhomes, and they can be taught to do amusing tricks.However, taking care of dogs is not easy. you have tofeed them, train them, and walk them every day. Theymust be bathed and groomed regutarly. But it is worthit. l have a Golden Retriever, caIIed Rocky. t love beingwith him and he loves being with me. He wakes me upevery morning by licking my face.

Definitely cats. They are very clean, they take careof themselves. They are easy to house-train. Theydon't pee in the house, but in a litter box. They helpkeep you calm: stroking a cat is good for our health.No one can resist a purring cat. l have two cats. sziszihas a white belIy and her feet are white, too. charliehas golden and brown stripes. when l am unhappy, Istroke them, cuddle them and then I feet much better.They love to play with their toys and relax on the sofawith me. They love to chase balls and feathers, orjust about anything dangling from a string. They tendto disappear mysteriously, especialty at night, butfortunately, they always come back.

make the best pet - a legjobb kisllatlet so down - cserbenhagy

treat [tri:tJ - kezel, bnik veletrain [treln] -tant, betantamusins [dmJu:zlg] - szrakoztattrick - trkktake care of [kee*] - gondozbath [bc:O] - ftirdetit is worth [ws:OJ - megriGolden Retrever [,gaulden rltri:va*J - golden retriever

kutyafajtawake [welkJ - felbresztlick [ltk] - megnyaldefi nitely ['deflnatli] - hat rozottanhouse-tran ['haostrernJ - szobatisztasgra szoktatpee [pi:] - pisillitter box ['lrta*] - alomdoboz / macskavccalm [ko:lm] - nyugodtstroke [streokJ - simogathealth [helO] - egszsgresist [rlzrstJ - ellenllpurr [ps:] - dorombolbelly [tbeliJ - hasgolden ['gauldan] - aranystripe [strarp] - cskcuddle ['kndl] - megolelgetrelax [rtlreksJ - pihenchase [t"[ets] - kergetfeather ['fe a*] - tolldanglns ['ddet]glrrl] - fityegstrng [strrr3J - madzagtend - hajlamosdisappear [,drsdple*J - elt nikmysteriou sly [nrlstreriesl i] - tito kzatosa nfortu nately ['fc: tJenetli] - sze rencs re

country?

l don't know, but l think dogs, cats, hamsters andguinea pigs are the most popular pets.

popular ['popjula*] - npszer

There are lots of reasons why people keep pets. petskeep you company and give unconditional love. Theymight even comfort you when you are sad. They aregood listeners. And dogs, for example, keep you fit,as you have to take them for a walk every day. petsalso provide opportunities to meet new people.you can make friends while walking around in theneighbourhood or taking part in competitions.unfortunately, some people buy pets to took cooland to impress other people. For them a pet is only astatus sym bol.

reason ['ri:zsn] - okkeep company ['knmpeni] - trsasgot ny jtuncondtional [,nnkenudenol] - felttel nlktilicomfort ['knmfot] - vigaszt ny jtlistener ['ltsener'J - ha llgatsgkeep so fit - edzsben tartprovide [pra'vard] - biztost, ny jt

a)

b)

156

opportunity [,npe'tju:neti] - lehet sgneighbourhood ['nerbahud] - korny ktake part - rsztveszcompetition [, kanrpdtrJen] - ve rse nylook cool [ktr:l] - rnen nek nz kiimpress [tnr'pres] - leny gzstatus symbol ['stettes,stnrbal] - sttusszimblum

Although pets can bring lots of happiness to our lives,keeping a pet involves many responsibilities. you haveto train your pets, and clean up after them. lt is a lotof work. keeping a pet is not cheap either. you have tofeed it, and you need to buy the necessary equipment- collars, cages, litter boxes, muzzles, bowls, toys etc.pets need veterinary care: for example they have toget their annual shots.

You can't always take your pet wlth you when you goon holiday and it is difficult to find someone suitableto look after your pet or suitable kennels where youcan leave your pet to be taken care of while you areaWay.

although [c:l' etl] - brdisadvantage [,dtsed'va:nttd3] - htrnyhappiness ['hreprnas] - boldogsginvolve [rrfvclv] - magban foglalresponsibility [rt,sponslbrlrtiJ - felel ssgcheap [tJi:pJ - olcsnot .". either [tar e*] - semnecessary ['nessseri] - szksgesequpment [rk'wlpment] - feIsze relscollar ['kole*] - nyakorvmuzzle ['mnzl] - szjkosrbowl [beol] - tlveternary care ['vetertneri] - llatorvosi elltsannual ['rnjuel] - vesshot [Jot] - oltssuitable ['sju:tabll - alkalmaskennels ['kenelz] - kutyapanzi

lthink children can learn a lot of things by having a pet.They can learn responsibility, patience and empathy.They can also learn how to take care of and took aftera living creature.

patience ['pedens] - ttirelemempathy ['empe0i] - belerzs, egyrittrzslvng creature ['kri:to*] - l lny

a) l have got a dog. I feed him once a day in the evening,but l regularly fill up his water bowl. l take him for awalk three times a day. After school we spend at leastan hour together playing in the park. l brush his coatto untangle the knots every day. l give him a bath oncea month. ltake him to the vet for regular check-ups.

20, AtuIMALs AND PETs

b) l have got a hamster. I feed her apples, nuts, bananasand vegetables. l regularly give her fresh water. l cleanher cage and change the bedding every day. l play withher every day. She loves getting a new toy.

fill up - feltoltbrush [brnj] - kefluntangle [nrftreOgl] - kibontknot [not] - csomcheck-up - orvosi vizsglatbedding ['bedr1] - alom

p| Can you keep d dog f you live n a Iat?a) ln my opinion, we should not keep a dog if we live in

a flat. Dogs need lots of space to run around. If theydon't have enough space to play, they feel trappedand they may become aggressive and destructive.

b) Dogs are pack animals, social creatures" They belonginside with their "pack." They need to be cared for andloved. They love spending time with their family. Theymay get lonely outside. But if you keep them inside,you have to take them out for walks several timesa day and you mustn't leave them alone for a longtime.

opinion [e'plnjanJ - vlemnyspace [spels] - trtrap [trrep] - csapdba ejtaggressive [a'gresrv] - aggresszvdestructive [dlstrnktlvJ - krt okoz, rombolpack lprek] - falkasocial ['saoJel] - trsasbelong [brloa] - tartoziklonely ['launliJ - magnyos

E What rules ao ioyour dog?

whenever you are waIking your dog in public you mustkeep it on a lead. Don't allow it to jump on peopte orother animals. Don't allow it to put his front paws onothers, even it is just playing, especially if its paws aredirty or muddy. Don't let it attack or snarl at people.you can allow your dog to run free in sign-posted off-the-leash areas. Don't walk your dog in parks or areaswith a sign saying 'No Dogs Allowed'.No one likes to step in dog poop. clean up afteryour dog: pick up its waste. you can use speciatbiodegradable dog poop bags. Dispose of the bag inone of the bins in the street.

Aggressive dogs must be m uzzled in public. you haveto muzzle your dog if you travel by public transport.

rule [ru:l] - szablyfollow ['folou] - kovet, betartin publc ['pnbltk] - nyilvnos helyenlead[li:d] -p rzallow [e'lar"r] - engedpaw [pc:J - mancsmuddy ['mndi] - sros

L57

20. Antnnals AND PETS

snarl [sno:rl] - megmorog, rvicsortsign-poted ['sarnpeostrd] - kit blzottoff-the-leash [li:fl - prz nlklarea ['eerto*] - terletslgn [satn] - tblastep - belelppoop [pu:p]- rlkbiodegradable [,bareudr'greldrbl] - lebomlbln - szemetes

pet7

One of my neighbours has a tarantula. lt is a large andhairy arthropod. lt is venomous, but it will bite onlyif it feels threatened. My neighbour says it is easy totake care of a tarantula, and it takes up only a littlespace,

Although his tarantula is really beautiful and l oftenwatch it for hours, l think it is unfair to keep exoticanimals in the home. lthink they should be left in theirnatural habitat.

own [ectn] - van nekiunusual [nn'ju:3uel] - szokatlantarantula [te'rentjr_rle*] - tarantellapkhairy ['heari] - szrsarthropod [b:Orepod] - zeltlbvenomous ['venemes] - mrgesthreatened ['0retend] - fenyegetetttake up - elfoglalunfair [,rrifee*] - nem helyes, mltnytalanexotic fg'zotrk] - egzotikusnatural habitat [,nrctJeral'habltat] - termszetes lhely

o) l am afraid of dogs, l was bitten by our neighbour's dogwhen l was two years old, l have been afraid of dogssince then.

b) l am scared of spiders. l feel almost paralysed if l seea spider. l often imagine that l see spiders, even whenthere aren't any. l start screaming when l see one. lknow it's crazy but when the fear takes over, l can'tthink straight, Just thinking about them gives megoosebumps. l know that most of them are harmless,but for me they are s|mply disgusting and frightening.

c) l am afraid of bees and wasps because l am allergic totheir stings.

be scared of ['skead] - flspider ['spalde*] - pkbe paralysed ['perelaIzd] - lebnulscream [skri:nr] - siktcrazy ['krerzi] - rltfear [ie*] - flelemthink straight [strert] - tisztn gondolkozikgoosebumps [!u:sbnmps] - libabrharmless ['ho:mles] - rtalmatlansmply ['slmpli] - egyszerendisgusting [dIs'girstrg] - u ndortfrightening ['frartenrg] - fle lmetes

158

bee tbi:] - mhwa p[wnsp] *darzsbe allergic to [a*le:d3rk] * allergissting [st,q] * csps, fullnk

a) yes, l have. My grandparent tive in the country andthey have a lot of animals. They have a pigsty with twopigs and in the yard they have a chieken coop wherechickens lay their eggs. They also have ducks, geeseand turkeys. They used to have cows in the barn, butthey sold them a few year ago.

b) No, lhaven't, but lhave een farm animals in thezoo. you can see farm animals native to Hungary inBudppest ZoQ. There are spotted cattle, waltow-bellied woolly pig , sheep and horses in the barns.

pigsty ['prgstal] - disznlyard [ja:ct] - udvarcoop Iku:p] - tyrikketreclay an egg [lelJ - tojst tojduck [dnk] - kacsagoo e, geese [gu:s, gi:s] - libaturkey ['ts:ki] - pulykacow [kauJ - tehnbarn [bo:nJ - pajtanative [tneltrv] - honosspotted cattle [,spotld 'kretl] - magyar tarka szarvasmarhaswallow-bellied woolly pig ['swoleclbelrd'wcrli]

- mangalicasheep [Ji:p] - juh

tme you went to a zoo?yes, l have. The last time l went to the zoo was aboutthree months ago. our biology teacher organised atrip to Budapest Zao.

zoo [zu:J - llatkertbiology [batoledsiJ - biolgiaorganise [b:g anatzf- szerveztrip - utazs, kirnduls

often do you vst that zoo? How much does t cost toget in?

a) The nearest zoo is in veszprm. t love going to,the zooso we go there at least four or five times a year. Ticketsare quite expensive, but you can buy an annuat seasonticket.

b) The nearest zoo is in Budapest. l love animals so Ivisit the zao regularly. l have also adopted an animal- Jonas, the giraffe. Anyone can adopt an animal inBudapest zoo and thus contribute to the animal'sfeeding and care. ln return for your donation you get apersonalised adoption certificate and two free ticketsto visit your adopted animal twice a year, when thereare Adopters' Meetings.

at least [li:stJ - legaIbbquite [tkwalt] - elgexp n ive [lk'spenslvJ - drgaannual ['rcryuel] - vesea on ticket [,si:zn 'trkrt] - brlet

adopt [a'dopt] - orokbe fogadthusIns] -gycontribute Ikarr'trrbjrr:t] - hozzj rulin return for [rlts:n] - viszonzskppendonation [deo'nelenJ - adomnypersonalised ['pe:senolarzd] - szemlyre szladoption [otop"[an] - o rokbefoga d scertificate [sdtlfrkot] - oklevladopter [e'ctopto*l - orokbefoga d

pl ls it rght to keep anmals n d zoo?a) ln my opinion, there is nothing wrong with keeping

animals in zoos, There are a lot of endangered species.lf they are kept and bred in zoos they can be protectedand saved. Anirnals in captivity live longer as they getthe necessary care and the right food. lf they get sickor injured they get the necessary treatment.

Another reason why l think zoos are useful is thatvisitors can see animals from all over the world. Theycan study them without travelling to distant countries.They can learn a lot about their lives, habits andbehaviou r.

b) Ithink keeping anirnals in zoos is cruel" Anirnals kept inzoos are taken from their natural habitats and put incages. Their cages and enclosures are far too small, sothey don't have enough space and they are deprivedof their freedom. l think animals should be left in theirnatural habitat.

endangered [rnUelnd3ecl] - veszlyeztetettspeces ['spi:Jes] - fajbreed [bri:dJ - tenysztcaptivity [kredtrvrti] - fogsgsick - beteginjured ['rnd3ed] - srtilttreatment ['tri:tmant] - kezelsvisitor ['vtztte*] - ltogatdistant ['drstant] - tvolihabt ['hrebrt] - szokscruel [tkru:alJ - kegyetlenenclosure [rrtklao3e*] - kortilkertett helydeprive [dfprarv] - megfosztfreedom ['fri:dam] - szabadsg

W Do you know about any endangered speces?Are there qny endangered speces n your country?

There are many endangered species in the world. l'veread somewhere that there are about 5,000 of themand at least one species dies out every year. Since 1600about 500 species of animals have become extinct,including the dodo and the tarpan. There are manyendangered species today, such as the Siberian Tiger,the Mountain Gorilla, the Blue Whale or the Black-

20. ArulMALs AND PETs

Footed Ferret. (www.ypte.org.uk/environmental/enda ngered-a ni ma ls.of.the.worId/24)

There are many endangered and protected speeies inHungary too, for example the black stork, the blackeagle, the wolf, the lynx, the Hungarian meadow viperand others.

die out [da,] - kihalextinct [rk'stlr3ktJ - kihaltdodo ['cleudou] - dodtarpan ['tc:panJ - eurpai vadlhorseshoe ['ho:su:J - patkbat [bret] - denevriberan [sartbrarien] - szibriai

Mountain Gorilla ['rnactnttn gdrllal - hegyi gorillawhale [wetl] - blnablack-footed [,blrck'ft-rtldJ - feketel brjferret ['ferrt] - menyt, gornystork [stc:kJ - glyaeagle ['i:glJ - saswolf [wul|J - farkaslynx [lrlks] - hirjzmeadow viper [,medeu'valpet] - parlagi vipera

W Can we do anythng to protect endangeredspeces?

We should preserve their natural habitat; we shouldn'tdestroy the rainforests, for example" When we hike inforests we should leave flCIwers, plants or bird's eggswhere we find them, w shotlld follow fire regulationsand take our rubbish home. we can volunteer toremove rubbish from oL!r forests, fields and parks. Wecan help endangered birds by building birdhouses forthem and feeding them. We shouId ban over-hunting.

preserve [prfzs:v] - meg rizdestroy [dtstrcl] - lerombolrainforest ['retnforlst] - es erdhike[hatk] -t rzikregulation [,regju'lerfan] - szablyozsrubbsh [trnbd] - szemtvolunteer [,volarftle*] - onkntesnek jelentkezikremove [rlmu:v] - eltvoltfield [fi:ld] - mezover-hunting [,eove'hnntrq] - t lvadszat

@l Do you thnk people should buy and wedr urcoats?

a) l don't think people should wear animal furs. KiIIing ananimal for its fur is cruel and unnecessary as we canbuy and wear fake furs.

b) lf it's okay to eat animals and wear their skins in theform of leather jackets and leather shoes, it is alsoa lright to wea r fu rs.

fur [fsJ - bundaunnecessary [nrfneseseri] - szti ksgtelenfake fur [ferk] - m sz rmeskin-b rin the form of - formj ba nleather ['leo*] - br (feldolgozott)

159

ffi*.

20. ArulMAts ANo Prrs

ToPlc_BAsED MINl DICTIoNARYHzi kedvencek - Petsa ra nyha l - goldfi sh ['gacrldflj]botsska * stick insect [-strklnsektJcsincsilla - chinchilla [tJrrrtJrleJfutegr - gerbil [U3s:bal]gyk - lizard [tlrzod]hal - fish [fd]horcsog - hamster ['hremsta*JhtiIl - reptile ['reptarl]kanri - canary [kdneari]kgy - snake [snerk]kutya / kutyakolyok - dog / puppy [dos / .pnpi]l - horse [hc:s]macska / kiscica - cat / kitten [krct /.krten]ny l-rabbit['rreblt]papagj - parrot ['prerat]pni - pony ['pacrni]tarajos g te - newt [nju:t]tarantella pk - tarantula [te'rrentjtlla*]tekn s/tengeri tekn s-tortoise/turtle ['tc:tas / ts:tl]tengerima|ac - guinea pig ['grni prgJtorpepapagj - budgie / budgerigar ['bnd3i, 'bnd3erigo:]trpusi hal - tropical fish ['troplkelJllati testrs.etagancs - antler ['rentla*]agyar - tusk [tnsk]bajusz (macska) - whiskers ['wrskez]cs r-beak[bi:k]farok - tail [terl]kagyl - shell [Jel]kar (polip} - tentacle ['tentekl]karom - claw / talon [klc:, 'ttelan]kopolty - gill lgrlJmancs - paw [pc]oll (rk) - pincers ['plnsoz]orrnny - trunk [trnr3kJpata - hool hooves [hu:|Jpikkely - scale [skerl]sorny (l, oroszln} - mane [meln]

160

szrny - wing [wrr3Jszarv - horn [hc:n]uszony - fin [fin]

akvrium - aquarium /fishbowl/ tank [dkweeriam, ,fiJbar_rl, tre'kJ

alom - bedding ['bedr1]alomdoboz l macskavc - litterbox ['hteboks]azonost bilta - lD tag [,al.di: tregJbolha ellen vd nyakorv - flea cotlar tfli:]etet - feed, fed, fed [fi:d, fed]etet tl - food dish ['ftr:d dI]fs - comb [kat;m]hullajtja a sz rt - lose / shed hair [lrr:z]ivartalant - sterilize ['ste nlatz!jtkszer - toy ltcrJjutalomfalatot adni - give them a treat for good behaviour

[tri:t, bthervjat]kalitka, ketrec - cage [keld3]kefe - brush [brnJ]kikpez - train [treln]konzerv kutyaeledel - canned dog food ['krcnd]kosr - basket ['bo:sklt]kutyahz - kennel l doghouse [.kenel]kutyatirl.ilk zacsk - waste removal / poop bag [rtmu:val, pu:pJlenyr, rovidre vg - trim [trm]mikrochipet tetet be - have your dog microchipped [,ma*retJrpt]nyakorv - collar [tkole*]olts - shots lotsJprna - cushion ['kuJen]prz- leash / lead [li:J / Ii:dJsimogat - stroke [stret_lk]szabadon enged - let off the leash to run free tli:]szjkosr - muzzle [tmnzlJszraz kutyaeledel - dried dog food [Urard]szobatisztasgra nevel - housetrain ['haustrernJtakar - blanket ['blrejkrtJte rr riu m - terra rium [te'reeriem]torzskonyv - pedigree ['pedrgri:]ttizel - be on heat [hi:t]veszettsg elleni olts - rabies shot ['relbi:z]vizestl - water bowl [beul]

WffiTHERAM@ @&IMATE

are the r cha racte ristics?

climates can be classified into five main groups: tropical,dry, humid middle latitude, continentat, and polar.These groups can further be divided into subtypeswith more specific characteristic features; subtypesinclude subtropical, steppe, desert, Mediterranean,oceanic, rainforest, monsoon, subarctic, tundra orpolar ice cap. The characteristics of the five mainclimates are the following: The tropical climate hasvery high temperatures all year round; all monthshave average temperatures above t8" cetsius, and avery large amount of rain. ln dry climates there is verylittle rain and a huge daily temperature range. HumidMiddle Latitude climates have warm, dry summersand cool, wet, mild winters. continental climates areusually found inland, with warmer summers and colderWinterS. ln Polar clirnate permanent ice and tundra arealways present.

clmate [tklarmotJ - ghajlatcharacteristic [,krerakto'rrstlkJ - jelle mzclassify ['kl.tsrfar] - osztlyozmain [mern] -ftropical ['troprkl] - trpusidry [drar] - szrazhumd mddle latitude [hjtr:mtd,mtdl'lretrtju:dJ - nedves

kozp-sz lessgicontinental

[, kontlnentl] - sz ra zfo t d i/ko nti ne nt l ispolar ice cap [,peulor'als kirp] - sarkvidkifurther ['fs: e*J - tovbbdivide into [dtvardJ - felosztsubtype ['snbtatp] - altpusspecfic [spdslflk] - jellegzete , jetlemz

subtropical [,snb'troprkl] - szubtrpusisteppe [step] - sztyeppedesert [UezatJ - sivatagiM editerranea n [,medr tdretnien] - fold kozi -tengerioceanic [,auJi'renrk] - cenirain forest ['relnforlstJ - es erd imonsoon [,morttsu:nJ - monszunsubarctic [,snbb:ktlk] - az szaki sarkvidk s a mrskelt

gov kcizottitundra ['tnndre] - tundratemperature ['temprete*J - h mrskletaverage ['revarld3J - tlagCelsius ['selsias] - Celsiuslarge amount of rain [la:d3 a'maont ev,relnJ - nagy

mennyisg estemperature range ['temprete* relnd3] - h mrsktet-

kti lonbsgbe situated ['srtfueltid] - elhelyezkedikinland [,rrr'lrenct] - bels , belfoldpermanent ['pa:menent] - llandbe present ['prezntl- jelen van

Hungary has a temperate continental climate that isinfluenced by the Mediterranean sea and the Attanticocean. winters are cold, cloudy and windy; the coldestmonths are January and February, with a lot of snow.summers are sometimes very dry and hot; JuIy andAugust are the hottest months.

temperate ['temperet] - meleg mrskeltinfluence ['mflusns] - befolysolMediterranean Sea [,medrtdrernien si:] - Foldkozi-tengerAtlantic ocean [ot'leentik,eoJnJ - AtIanti-cencloudy ['klaodiJ - felh s

161

2L WrarHER AND ctlMATE

windy ['wlndi] - szelesdry [drar] - szraz

r What sort of clmate would you lke to live n?a) As l really like sunshine and hot weather, l would like to

live in a Mediterranean climate, like the one in Greeceor Turkey. ln summer l like dry, hot days and gentlebreezes, with cool evenings, Since l don't like snow, lprefer mild winters that are rainy.

b) l'm satisfied with the climate in Hungary, I like havingfour seasons, because every season has its ownpleasant feature for me. However, sometimes l'm fedup with rain and wind, because l hate getting wet.

sunshine ['snnfarn] - napstitsGreece [gri:s] - GorogorszgTurkey ['ta:ki] - Torokorszggentle [t3entl] - leybreeze [bri:z)- szell , szlprefer [prtfe:*] - vlasztmiid [marld] - enyherany ['rerni] - es sbe satisfied with ['setlsfaldJ - elgedett valamivelown [eon] - sajtpleasant ['pleznt] - kellemesfeature ['fi :tJa#l - jellegzetessghowever [,lrau'eve*] - azonbanbe fed up with [,fedhp wl ] - torkig van vmivelhate [hert] - utlget wet [get 'wet] - megzik

p! What s the weather lke n Hungary n dIferentseasons? What's the average temperature? Whchmonth gets the most ran?

The country has a continental climate, and as a result,winters are usually cold, windy and very humid withsnowfall. The average temperature is 0 to -15 oC.ln spring the weather is really unpredictable andchangeable, sometimes very warm and sunny,sometimes cool and windy with a lot of rain. Summersare dry and hot, with a lot of sunshine. The averagedaytime temperature in the summer is 23-27 oC,sometimes higher, 30"C or more. Autumns are usuallycool, foggy and rainy, but there are some weeks atthe beginning of autumn when the weather is verypleasant, with a lot of sunshine and warm breezes.The average yearly rainfall is approximately 600millimetres; November is one of the rainiest months.

as a result [rtznlt] - ennek eredmnyekppenhumid ['trjtr:mtdJ - nyirkos, nedvessnowfall ['snecrflc:l] - hessaverage ['rvartd3J - tlagosunpredictable [,nnprrUlktebl] - megjsolhatatlanchangeable ["tJelnd3ebl] - v ltozko nyfoggy [tfoEi] - kodosrainfall ['retnfc:l] - csa padk(mennyisg}approximately [e'proksrmatli] - kortilbell, megkozelt leg

I What's the weather like today?a) Today it's bitterly cold; the temperature is 2l"C below

zero. lt's an unbearable winter day with a strong windand a heavily overcast sky.

lt's a very pleasant spring day today. There's a lot ofsunshine, the sky is clear and blue, a gentle breeze isblowing from the west and the temperature is idealfor walking or gardening.

lt's scorching hot today. l think a heat wave has reachedour country. l heard on the radio that everybody isadvised to stay indoors and drink a lot.

d) Today is a really nasty autumn day with rain and astrong north wind. The temperature is 7 nC, but it feelsmuch colder because of the wind.

bitterly cold ['blteli] - metsz n hidegbelow zero [b1,leu 'zloreu] - fagypont alattiunbearable [nrr'beareblJ - elviselhetetlenovercast [,eove'ko:st] - felh s, borultideal for walking/gardening [atdi:el] - idelis (sthozl

ke rtszkedshez)scorching hot [tskc:tJrt]] - perzsel en forrheat wave ['hi:twelv] - h hullmadvse [od'valz] - ajnl, tancsolindoors [,rn'dc:zJ - otthon, a hzbannasty ['no:sti:J - ronda, utlatosstrong (wnd} [strog] - er s szl

l Do you know any specal tradtons assocatedwith dfferent seasons n Hungary?

To tell the truth, l'm not very interested in traditions,but l can rnention two things that are associated withseasons. The first one takes place in Mohcs, in thesouthern part of Hungary every February, and it'scalled the Busjrs. At that event local people dressup in woolly costumes, with scary masks and make afrightening noise. They want to bury the winter andthey also commemorate the defeat of Ottomans inthe ].3th century. The other tradition takes place inautuffif,, it's grape-harvesting, and that's not a localtradition, everywhere in the country people havegrape-harvesting festivals where they wear traditionalHungarian folk costumes and celebrate the new winewith dance and music.

tradition [tre'drJn] - hasyomnyassocate [a'seuJiert] - trst, kapcsolatban vanevent[t'vent] -e emnylocal ['ler_rklJ - helyidress up [,dreshp] - feloltozikwoolly ['wr-rli] - gyapjcostume ['kostju:mJ - jeImezscary ['skeeriJ - ijesztmask [mc:sk] - maszk, larcfrightening ['frartnlj] - rmisztnoise [nctz] - zajbury ['beri] - eltemetcommemorate [kaimemerert] - mege mlkezikdefeat [drfi:t] - legy zsOttoman ['otemenJ - torok

b)

c)

$,t}iIl

fifriiii:iiililj|*i!l;'

Iiiliiii!i:iiiiliiil

titilffi

$lflj

s{tsFffilsii{ffit

century ['sentJari] - szzadgrape harvesting [grerPho:vrstlnJ - sztiret (sz l )festival ['festrvl] - tjnnepsgfolk costume ['farrk,kostju:nrJ - npviseletcelebrate ['seltbrertJ * rjnnepel

a) My favourite season is spring. After the cold and darkwinter days l always become very happy when the firstspring flowers start to blossom and we have longerdays with a lgt of sunshine. The weather in spring isideal for walkiflg, hiking and just sitting in the gardenand l really like doing these things.

b) As l'm mad about skiing, winter is my favourite season.l like snow very much and whenever l can, l go skiingeither with my family or my friends. usually we go toslovakia for the weekends or to Austria or slovenia fora week.

c) My favourite spare-time activities are sunbathing andwindsurfing, so the best season for me is summer. lalso l!ke this season because there is no school for twomonths.

d) I like autumn when the trees become colourful andthere're a lot of beautiful fallen leaves ln the forests.l often go hiking with my friends and l enjoy thewonderful view of the hills.

blossom ['blosam] - virgzik, kiviru lhiking ['harklqJ -t rzikbe mad about [mred e'baotJ - meg rril valam!rteither ... o .., ['aI at, 'i: e*J [c:*] - Vagy ... Vagy ...pare time [speaxttarm] - szabadid

sunbathing ['snnbel rry] - napozswindsurfi ng ['wlndss:fig] - szorfozs

a) The season t really hate is autumn. There are severalreasons for my dislike. First of all, the school year startsin september and l don't like school at all. secondly,l don't like chilly and damp weather with rain, soautumn is my pet hate with its rainy days. Last but notleast, the days get darker and darker, the teaves faltfrom the trees and everything starts to perish.

b) ln recent years there have been roasting hot days withunbearable sunshine in summer, so l don't like thisseason at all. l would like to live in a country wheresummers are a bit cooler.

c) As ldon't like snow, ice and slushy streets in the city,winter is the season I like the least.

dslke [dls'lark] - utlatchilly ['tfili] - h vos, hideg, bartsgtalandamp [dremp] - nyirkospet hate [pet 'hert] - legutltabb dologperish ['perrJ] - elmrilikroasting hot ['reustlJ] - perzsel en forrslushy lslntJ - lucskos

2I,. WrnrHER AND cLIMATE

weather?

There are everal way of getting information aboutthe weather. There' a weather forecast on televisionafter every news programme, you can listen to aweather forecast every hour on the radio, you can alsoask your mobile cornpany to send you text messagesevery day about the weather, you can read weatherreports in daily newspapers and you can visit differentwebsites on the lnternet that can give you accurateinformation on the weather condition in particularplaces,

weather forecast ['we a* ,fc:ko:sq * ad jrs-jelentsweather report ['we e* rt,pc:t] - id jrs-jelentsdaily new paper [,derli'nju:zpelpa*J - napilapaccurate ["inkjerot] * pontoscondition [kan'dln] - llapot, helyzetparticular [pe'trkjalo*] * konkrt, egyedi

your cty on the lnternet?a) Yes, l have: actually l check it every day, because l like

going to school by bike, so l want to know what theweather will be like the next day.

b) yes, l have: once or twice a month l go hiking withmy family or friends and I always check the weatherbefore that.

reports?

a) l always try to check the weather for the next day and lplan my day accordingly. l also try to get dressed basedon the weather reports.

b) l don't depend on the weather reports at att, l nevercheck the weather and l'm not interested in weatherforecasts. ljust look out of the window and that's al!.

depend on [dtpend Dn] - ftigg valamit lplan [plren] - tervezaccordingly [e*kc:dl]liJ - megfelel enbased on [berst on] - alapjn

chdnge your plans?

a) l don't think we can believe in weather forecasts 100%,so l would not change my plans based on them.

b) lf l plan an outdoor programrne and the weatherforecast says there will be a lot of rain or storffis, Ialways change my plans and do something else.

believe n [btli:v rn] - hinni valamibenoutdoor ['aot,dc:*] - szabadtri

163

2I', WrnrHER AND cLIMATE

condtons in advance?

First of all, there are some very simple, practicalreasons: for exampl , you can plan what to wear, orwhat kind of programmes to have for the day. Anothervery important factor is that people can prepare forextreme weather conditions and natural disasters, likehurricanes, tornadoes, typhoons, or floods.

practical ['prrekttkl] - gya ko rlatirea on ['ri:znJ - okfactor ['fiekte*J - tnyezprepare [prtpee*] - felksztjl, el kszrilextreme [rk'stri:m] - szls sgesnatural dsaster [,nietJral dlzo:ste*] - termszeti

katasztrfahurricane ['hnrrkon] - hurrikn, forgszttornado [tclneldeu] - torndtyphoon [taffrr:nJ - tjfun, forgszlflood [flnd] - rads

natural disasters?

Many natural disasters are related to the weather.Floods happen after heavy rains or when snow meltstoo fast. Hurricanes are serious tropicaI storms thatgather heat and energyfrom seawater. Tornadoes comefrom violent thunderstorms and they are rotating,funnel-shaped clouds. Typhoons are powerful tropicalstorms with very strong winds. Thunderstorms arevery dangerous as well; lightning kills several peopleevery year. ln some parts of the world winter storms,blizzards and heavy snowfall cause natural disasters.

relationship [rtle{nJrp] - ka pcsotatrelated to [rtlertrd te] - kapcsolatos, kothetmelt [melt] - olvadserious ['steries] - komolygather ['ge e*J - syl:jtheat [hi:t] - henergy ['ened3i] - energiaseawater ['si:wc:te*] - tengervzviolent ['valelent] - durva, heves, er sthunderstorm ['0nndastc:m] - mennydorgs, viharrotating [reu'teltrrt] - forg, porgfunnel-shaped ['fnnl,JeIptJ - totcsralaklightning ['lartnllJ - villmlsblizzard ['blrzod] - hviharcau e[kc:zJ -okoz

which are caused by weather?yes, there are, but luckily, they are not so severe asin other parts of the world. Fiooding is a threat everyyear when the snow melts, but fortunatety, it doesn'tclaim human lives. Thunderstorms and hail are quitefrequent in the summer and they sometimes damagepeople's houses.

severe [slvre*J - kemny, stilyosthreat [0ret] - veszly, fenyegetsclaim [klelrn] - kovetelhuman lives [,hju:marr'lalvzJ - emberi letekhal [hetlJ - jgesfrequent ['fri:kwent] - gyakoridamage [trenrrd3] - megrongl

If so what do you thnk s cdusng these changes? Doyou thnk thdt n recent years we have been losngour four dstnct seasons?yes, l think weather patterns are changing. There aretwo reasons for it: one of them is global warming andthe other one is climate change. Experts often warnpeople of these changes: that the Earth is gettingwarmer and warmer and the polar ice caps are melting.We are definitely losing our four distinct seasons. lf welook back over the past few years, we can say that wedidn't have real spring seasons, because in April andMay we have temperatures as high as 23-27 "C, whichwe used to have only in summer.

weather patterns ['we o*,pret nzl - id j rsi rendszerekdistinct [dtstrgkt] - vilgosan megkrilonboztethetrea on ['ri:zn] - okglobal warming [,glaubl'wc:mlrJ] - globtis felmelegedsclimate change ['klalmet tJemds] - klmavltozsexpert ['eksps:t] - szakrtwarn [wc:n] - figyelmeztetdefi ntely [tefinetliJ - ktsgkvtil, hatrozottan

people feel? Are you affected by the weather?people are often affected by the weather in manydifferent ways. Just to give some examples, l'd startwith the changes in air pressure, because they cancause changes in our attention and short term memoryfunctions. lt can become very hard to study, work orconcentrate when atmospheric pressure changes. Thenext feature is temperature, because our body finds ithard to cope with extreme temperatures, especialtywhen it's hot for a very long period of time. Anotherfactor affecting us is humidity. on hot humid days wehave poorer reaction times and our activity is muchslower. we also have to mention sunshiff ,.becausewe tend to feel better when the sun is shining. somepeople also say that wind drives them crazy.|'m sometimes affected by the weather, especialtywhen it's about to rain. t become very sleepy and I findit very difficult to do my homework or pay attentionat school.

affect l'fekq - befolysolair pressure ['ee,preje*J - lgnyomsattention [a*tenJnJ - figyelemshort term memory [,Jc:ttt3:m,memeri] - rovid tv

memriaconcentrate ['konsntrertJ - koncentrl

L64

atmospheric [,retmes'ferrkJ - lgkoricope with [kocrp wr J- megbirkzikreaction time [ri'rkJn talm] - reakciidmention ['nrenjn] - emlttend to [tend teJ - hajlamos valamiredrive sb crazy [dralv'k retzi!- meg rjtpay attention [per e'tenJn] - figyelni

choosing where to go on vacaton?a) As we like sunbathing, swimming and diving, my

parents always choose a place for our vacation wherethe climate is hot and sunny. we usuatly go to theseaside or to an island in the Mediterranean.

b) l really like rock climbing and mountaineering, so lalways try to choose a place with high mountains. Theclimate is much cooler in the mountains, so it is ideatfor my activities.

c) My parents and l are mad about skiing, so we alwaysgo for a winter holiday and we choose a place with aIot of snow, usually in France or ltaty.

diving ['darvrj] - brjvrkods, merlssland ['allenclJ - szigetrock climbing ['rok,klarmrlJ - sziklamszsmountaineering [tmaontdnlarl0] - hegymszs,

alpiniz mus

actvty?

a) To tell the truth, l hate snow, especiatly when itbecomes slushy and all the streets in the city are dirty.lt's not Very difficult to guess that my favourite winteractivity is sleeping and relaxing in our warm livingroom or going to a sauna with my friends.

b) l love snow. l always look forward to winter, becausel like a lot of activities you can do then, for exampleskiing, snowboarding, snowshoeing, cross-countryskiing, ice skating or ice surfing.

guess [ges] - kitallsauna ['sc:ne] - szaunalook forward to [luk'fc:wad teJ - nagyon vrsnowboarding ['sneobc:dlr3] - snowboa rdozssnowshoeing ['sneuJu:Il]J - htalpas t rzscross-country sking Ikros'knntri,ski:rrJ] - sfutsice skating ['ats skertr1] - jgkorcsolyzsice surfing ['als sa:filJ - jgszorfozs

summer actvty?a) l love sunshine and summer as well. tn summer I like

doing several different activities like sunbathing,swimming, windsurfing, diving, wakeboarding, goingon boat trips and sailing.

2L. WenrHER AND cLIMATE

b) l like sunshine when it's not too hot, because myfavourite summer activities are hiking and ctimbingmountains.

wakeboarding ['werkbc:drg] - wakeboardozsboat trip [baut'trlpJ - hajkzssailing ['selhlJ - vitorlzshking ['harkrlJ -t rzs

mean?

An lndian summer is a period of calm, dry, sunnyweather in late autuffifi, not long before winter. lt canlast for a few days or extend to a week or more.

lndian ummer [,lndian'snma*J - vnasszonyok nyaraperiod ['pteried] - id szakcalm [ko:mJ - nyugodtextend [tk'stend] - elhrizdik (id ben)

Hungary?yes, it is, several types of weather have an effect ontraffc. The most dangerous one is sleet, because a lotof drivers lose control over their vehicles. snow andice also cause a lot of trouble on roads; especially todrivers who don't have winter tyres on their wheels.Fog is also dangerous: people drive a bit slower, butthey usually keep a shorter distance from the car infront and this increases the risk of crashes. Rain is alsoan important factor to mention, as in big cities wealways have huge traffic jams during rainy periods,

effect F'fekq - hatssleet [sli:t] - nos eslose control [lu:z kerr'treulJ - elveszt az uralmtvehicle [tvi:rkal] - j rmwinter tyre ['wtnte,tata*J - tli gumiwheel [wi:lJ - kerkbe in trouble [ttrnbl] - bajban vandistance from the car in front [UrstensJ - kovetsi tvolsgincrease [rr'kri:s] - novelrisk [r,sk] - eslycrash [krafl - ritkozs, karamboltraffic iam ['trrefik d3rem] - forgalmi dug

165

21. WrnrHER AND cLIMATE

ToPIC_BASED MlNl DICTIoNARYld jrs - Weather ['we at]ghajlat - Climate ["klarmot]az szaki sarkvidk s a mrskelt gov kozotti - subarctic

[,snb'o:ktlkJes erd i - rain forest ['retnforlst]foldkozi-tengeri - Mediterranean [,medrta'rernien]meleg mrskelt - temperate ['temperet]monszun - rnonsoon [,morr'su:n]nedves kozp-szlessgi - humid middle latitudeceni - oceanic [,at-rJi-aenlk]sarkvidki - polar ice cap [,peolor'ats krepJsivatagi - desert [ktezat]szraz - dry [drarJsz razfo Id i/ko nti ne nt l i s - co nfi ne nta l [, kontlnentlJszubtrpusi - su btropica l [,snb'troprkl]trpusi, forr govi - tropical ['troprkl]tundra - tundra ['tnndra]M ellknevek - Adjectivescstiszs - slippery ['shpari]elviselhetetlen - unbearable [nrrtbeerebl]enyhe - mild [marld]es s-rainy['rerni]fagyaszt - freezing cold ["fri:zrq]fagypont alatti - below zero/subzero [br,lau 'ztareu]

[,snb'ztarar_l]fagypont feletti - above zero [e,bnv 'zterau]

166

felh s - cloudy ['klat-rdi]felh s, borult - overcast [,etlvdko:stJfelh s, komor - duII [dnl]forr, meleg - hot [hot]fullaszt, fojtogat - stifling ['starflrq]ftjlledt, leveg tlen - close [kleos]hideg - coId [kouldJh vos - cool [ku:l]h vos, hideg, bartsgtalan - chilIy ['tJrli]idelis (sthoz/kertszkedshez) - ideal (for walking/

gardening) [atdi:el]jeges - icy ['arsi]j - good [sud]kedvez , viharmentes - fair [fea*Jkegyetlen, kemny, zord - harsh [ho:JJkellemes, j - nice [narsJkellemesen nedves - moist [mcrst]kit n - perfect [tps:fikt]kodos - foggy ['fogi]lucskos - slushy [slnJt]megjsolhatatlan - unpredictable [,nnprfdlktabl]rneleg - warm [wc:mJmetsz n hideg - bitterly cold ['brteli]napos - sunny ['snniJnedves - wet [wet]nyirkos - damp [daemp]nyirkos, nedves - humid ['hju:mldJnyomott, ftilledten meleg - muggy ['mngi]prs, kdos - hazy [therzi]

perzsel en forr - scorching hot ['skc:tJrgJperzsel en forr - roasting hot ['reostrg]pocsk - rotten [trotn]pomps, remek (nap) - lovely (day) ['lnvliJronda, utlatos - nasty ['no:sti:Jrossz - bad [bred]siralmas - miserable ['nrrzrebl]szakad (es ) - torrential [to'renJlJszeles - windy [-wrndiJ

er s szl - strong (wind) [strog]enyhe szl - slight (wind) [slartJszaki szl - north (wind) [nc:O]

szp, kit n - fine [farn]szorny , szeles, es s, viharos - foul [faul]tikkaszt - swelteri ng ['swelterrry]tikkaszt, rekken - sultry ['snltri]tiszta (nap/gboIt) - clear (day/sky) [kha*Jt zforr - boiling hot ['bcrlrq]t zforr - baking hot ['belkrgJv ltozkony - cha ngeable ['tJernd3eblJf nevek - nounsrads - flood [flndJcsapadk(mennyisg} - rainfall ['relnfc:lJes - rain [reln]es csepp - raindrop ['rerndropJvszak - season ['si:znJfagy, hideg, z zmara - frost [frost]felh - cloud [klaudJfelh szakads - downpour [Uaonpc:*]felh szakads - cloudburstfok - degree [dr'gri:Jftistkod, szmog - smog [smog]harmat - dew [dju:]hidegfront - cold front [keuld frnntJh - snow [sneu]htf vs - snowdrift ['sneudrlft]hess - snowfall ['snaufc:lJh hullrn - heat wave ['hi:twervJh mr - thermometer [0e'momrta*]h rnrsklet - temperature ['tempretJe*lhpehely - snowfl a ke ['snar-rflerk]h sg - heat [hi:tJhvihar - blizzard ['blrzed]hurrikn, forgszl - hurricane ['hnrlkan]id jrs eI rejelzs - weather forecast ['we a* ,fc:ko:st]id jrsjelents - weather report ['we e* rt,pc:t]je - ice [als]jgcsap - icicle ['alsrkl]jgdarab (jges kor) - hailstone ['herlstar_rnJjges - hail [herl]k d-fog[fog]kod - mist [mIstJk d, pra - haze [lrelz]

2L, WrnrHER AND ctlMATE

men nydorgs - thu ndercla p [*OnndeklepJmennydorgs, vihar - thunder(storm} ['0nndastc:m]napos id szak - sunny spell ['snni spel]napstits - sunshinenedvessg, nyirkossg - humidity [hjulmrdetiJnos es - sleet [sli:t]pra - vapour ['velpa*Jsr - mud [nrnd]szrazsg, aszly - drought [ctraut]szell , szl - breeze [bri:zJszitl es - drizzle [UrrzlJszivrvny - rainbow ['relnbooJtjfun, forgszl - typhoon [tar'ftr:nJtornd - tornado [tc:tneldooJvnasszonyok nyara - lndian summer [,rndiorfsnme*]vihar - storm [stc:mJviharos szl - gale [getl]vi!lm - lightning ['lartnrry]villm(csaps) - thunderbolt ['0nndabecllt]zpor, zivata r - shower [Jar_re*]igk - verbbefagy - freeze over [fri:z 'eoveJbefelh sodik - cloud over [klar"rd 'er-lva]b rig zik - get drenched [get UrentJt]b rig zik - get soaking wet [get 'sauktj wetJcsriszik - slip [slrpJfagy - frost [frost]f j-blow[blau]havazik - snow [snou]jges esik - hail [horl]kitisztul - clear up [,klrerhpJkodbe borul, elhomlyosodik - fog up [foghp]lecsendesedik, csillapul - settle [setlJmegzik - get wet [get 'wet]olvad - melt [melt]olvad, enyhl - thaw [0c.]noses esik - sleet [sli:t]prolog - evaporate Pvaperert]permetezve, szitlva esik - drizzle [UrrzlJzuhog, omlik - pour [pc:*Jzuhog, s rin esik - shower [Jaoe*]ld jrssal kapcsolatos kifejez ek - Expressons related to

weatherAz vszakhoz kpest szokatlanul hideg van, nem? - Very chilly

for the time of year, isn't it?Befelh sodik. - lt's clouding over.Micsoda rmes id ! - What dreadful weather!Nagyon e ik. - lt's pouring with rain. Ilt's pouring down. / lt's

raining heavily.Szp napunk van, ugye? - Lovely day, isn't it?Tisztul az id . - lt's clearing up.ey tnik, esni fog. - lt looks like rain.

167

irillll

EMVIR@MM EMTA& PR@@uEM s

Et What gre the biggest problems fac:ing uienvronment?

There are many environmental problems today, forexample pollution, global warming, climate changeand the greenhouse effect.

facing ['lelsl4] - amivel szembe kell nznieenvironmental [ln,valeredmentel] - kornyezetipollution [pa'lu.en] - sze nnyezsglobal warming ['gleubelJ - globlis felmelegedsclirnate change [tklarnret] - ghajlatvltozsgreenhouse effect [r'fekt] - riveghzhats

The temperature of the Earth has increased and thishas caused climate changes. Global warming is causedby an increase in the greenhouse effect. Because ofglobal warming, the icecap at the North pole and theglaciers are melting and the sea-level is rising.

temperature [ttemprotj3*] - h mrskletEarth [s:0] - Foldincrease (v} [rrr'kri:s] - megnincrease (n} ['lnkri:s] - novekedscause |kc:z]- okozNorth Pole [peol] - szaki-sarkicecap ['ankrep] - jgsapkaglacier ['glresio*] - gleccserrnelt - megolvadlevel ['levolJ * szintrise [ralz] - emelkedik

The greenhouse effect keeps the Earth warm enoughfor hurnans to live there. The greenhouse effectmeans that certain gases in the atmosphere (watervapour, carbon dioxide, methane etc.) trap the energyfrom the sun and this makes the Earth warmer. lf thegreenhouse effect becomes stronger, it could make theEarth warrner than usual, which may cause problemsfor humans, plants and anirnals.partly because of the greenhouse effect the ozonelayer around the Earth has become thinner and theultraviolet rays of the Sun can reach the Earth's surface.uv rays are responsible for burning and are the main

168

cause of skin cancer. That's why it is important to keepout of the sun during the peak hours of 10 a.m. to 4p.m. when the sun's rays are strongest.

(http: l le p a . gov/c l i m a t e c h a n gel k i d s/g re e n h o u s e. ht m ! )

human ['hju:menJ - emberduring I djr-lerr1] - alatt (id ben)certain ['sa:tn] - bizonyosgas [gres] - gzatmosphere ['retmasfia*J - lgkorvapour ['vetps*] - pracarbon dioxide [,ko:ben dafoksald] - szndioxidmethane [tmi:Oeln] - metntrap [trrep] - csapdba ejtenergy ['ened3iJ - energiathan usual ['ju:3uelJ - mint ltalbanpartly ['po:tli] - rszbenozone layer ['eozaon,lela*J - zonrtegthin [ftn] - vkonyultraviolet [,nltre'vateletJ - ultraibolyaray [ret] - sugrreach [ri:tJJ - elrsurface [-sa:fis] - felsznresponsible [rfsponslblJ - felel sburning ['bs:nlr3] - gsmain [nreln] - fskin cancer ['krensa'tJ - b rrkkeep out of - tvol marad, kitrpeak hours [pi:k auazl- csticsid

Pollution is something that makes the air, the water orthe land dirty or unsafe. we cause pollution when weuse electricity or burn fuel or when we buy somethingthat was produced or transported using electricity orfuel. Chemicals released by factories and vehicles alsopo|Iute the air and water. People who smoke pollute theair too. we also pollute the air when we use aerosols.They say that even cows pollute the air when they belchbecause whenever they do, methane gets into the air.

land[lrcndJ -f lddirty ['ds:ti] - piszkosunsafe [nrtser|| - nem biztonsgoselectricity [r,lek'trrsrti] - villanyramfuel [fjuel] - tizemanyagproduce [prdu:s] - gyrt

transport [trrerr'spc:tJ - szlltchemcal [tkenrrkel] - vegyianyagrelease [rtli:sJ - kibocstfactory ['frektari] - gyrvehicle [tvi:rkl] - jrmpollute [pa'lu:t] - szennyezaerosol [beraosDl] - aeroszolos palack (hajtgzas)belch [beltJ] - bofog

atmosphere?

Many greenhouse gases come from things we do everyday. whenever we use an electric appliance, e.g. watchTv or dry our hair, we send greenhouse gases into theair. whenever we go by car or use public transport, ware adding greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.

electric [r'lektrrk] - elektromosappliance [*plalens] - berendezs, eszkozpublic transport [,pnbhk'tro:nspc:t] - tomegkozlekedsadd [redJ - hozzad

we can save energy and water if we use them onlywhen we need them. we should switch off tights, ourcomputer or television when we don't use them. weuse low-energy bulbs. we save water by turning offthe tap while brushing our teeth.

we can walk or ride a bike instead of taking the bus ordriving our car, we can car pool - when we take turnsdriving each other to and from work or school. we canuse alternative energy sources, such as solar energy toheat our houses or to make electricity.

To reduce greenhouse gases we can p|ant trees, whichproduce oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide.we can collect hazardous waste, such as usedbaeries, separately. we shouldn't throw them away:we can use rechargeable batteries instead.we shouldn't just throw away things we don't needanymore, but recycle them. we can reuse them orgive them to sorneone who needs them. we can buyrecyclable products instead of non-recyclable ones.Recyclable products are usually made out of thingsthat already have been used.

The three Rs are very important - reuse: keep usingthe same things as many times as you can, reduce:reduce the amount of things you buy, recycle: makenew things from the things we have already used.

reduce [n dju:s] - csokkentsave [selv] - megsprolswitch off [swrtfl - lekapcsollight [lart] - lmpalow-energy bulb [,lsr-l'ensd3i bnlb] - energiatakarkos

villanykorteturn off [ts:nJ - elzrtap [tap] - csapinstead of firtsted av] - helyett

22. EruvlRoNM ENTAI pRoBtErvls

car pool ['ko:prr:l] - egy autban tobben utaznakalternative [ol'ts:netrvJ - a lte rnatvenergy source [sc:s] - energiaforrssolar energy ['seule*] - napenergiaheat[hi:t] -f tplant [plo:nt] - tiltetproduce [pro'u:sJ - termeloxygen ['oksrd3en] - oxignabsorb [eb'zc:b] - elnyelhazardous ['hrezedes] - veszlyeswaste ['welst] - hulladkbattery ['bretari] - elemseparately ['seperetli] - el kri lon tverechargeable [,riitJo:d3obl] - jra feltolthetrecycle [,rilsarkl] - jrahasznostreuse [,riJu:z] - jrahasznlrecyclable [,rilsalkleb! - jrahasznosthatproduct ['prod^kt] - termkamount ['mauntJ - mennyisg

Recycling is when we collect rubbish to create newproducts out of the materials from the old ones. wecan recycle newspapers, milk cartons, bottles, cansand plastic bags, for instance.

we should buy products that contain recycledmaterials. Many brands of paper towels, gdrbagebags, greeting cards, and toilet paper are made fromrecycled materials.

we should separate our rubbish and take ourrecyclables (newspapers, bottles and cans etc.) to aselective waste collection point in the city where thereare different sorting containers. The blue containersare for paper and cardboard, the yellow ones are forplastic waste, the white ones are for white glass, thegreen ones are for mixed glass and the grey ones arefor metal waste. lt is important to rinse out bottlesbefore disposing of them.

rubbish ['rnbd] - szemtcreate [kri-ertJ - ltrehozmaterial [me'tlerielJ - anyagcarton ['ko:tan] - paprdobozcan [krenJ - fm dt sdobozplastic bag ['plrestlk] - m anyagzacskcontain [korr'ternJ - tartalmazbrand [brrend] - mrkatowel ['tauel] - torrilkozgarbage bag ['go:brd3J - szemeteszskgreeting card ['gri:trq] - tidvozl lapseparate rubbish ['seperertJ - elkrilontve gy jti a szemetetselective waste collection [sllekttv, ke'lekJenJ - szelektv

hulladkgy jtssorting container ['sc:tlj ken,terne*] - kuka, melyben

ktilon lehet gy jtenicardboard ['ka:dbc:d] - ka rtonpaprmixed [mrkstJ - vegyesmetal ['metal] - fmrinse out [rlnsJ - kiobltdispose [dlspaoz|- kidob, megszabadul t le

169

ld

22. EruvlRoNMENTAL pRoBLEMs

p[ ttow can you reuse things?When we go shopping we can take a cloth bag with us,which we can use again and again. We can use clothnapkins instead of paper napkins. We can use bothsides of writing paper.

Butter and margarine tubs, coffee jars and shoe boxescan be used to store things.

We can give things, clothes or toys we don't want anymore, to friends or take them to charity collectionboxes.

cloth bag [kloO] - textilszatyornapkin ['nrepkrnJ - szalvtatub [tnbJ - m anyag dobozjar [d3o:*] - tjvegstore [stc:*] - tnol

lige cties do to improve the qualtyof their dr?

l think the most important thing would be to improvethe public transport system and ban cars from the citycentre. They shou|d also build new cycle lanes.

Another good idea would be to build new parks andplant a lot of trees.

improve [m pru:vJ - javtquality ['kwolrtlJ - min sgsystem ['srstemJ - rendszerban [bren] - kitiltcycle lane ['salkl leln] - kerkprtit

L7a

Hungary is located in the carpathian BasinEurope; we can atso say that it can be foundheart of Europe.

of centralin the very

be situated ['srtJtrertrdJ - elhelyezkedikbe located [leo'kertld] - elhelyezkedikCarpathan Basin [belsn] - Krpt medencein the ,:ry heart of [rn o 'veri hc:t ovl - valaminek a

sz v be n

The area of Hungary is 93,000 square kilometres.

area ['earie] - terriletquare kilometre [skwee 'kllgmi:to*] - ngyzetkitomter

Hungary is bordered by seven countries; slovakia tothe north, the ukraine and Romania to the east, serbiaand Croatia to the south, and Slovenia and Austria tothe west.

bordering country ['bc:doru3 knntrr] - hatrot orszgbe bordered [.bc:ded] - hatjrolnorth [nc:0] * szakeast [i:stJ - keletsouth [sauO] - dlwest [westJ - nyugatlovakia [sleu.vaekia] - Sz!ovkia

Ukrane fiu:'kreln] * UkrajnaRomania [ru'melnioJ - Romniaerbia [-ss:bre] * Szerbia

Croatia [k rau'ere] - Horvto rszglovenia [statl.vi:nia] * Szlovn ia

Austria ['ostrio] - Ausztria

the largest cities in Hungary?The capital city of Hungary is Budapest; it has aPoPulation of about 2 mi!lion people. The largest citiesare Budapest, Debrecen, Miskolc, Szeged, Pcs andGy r, all of which are re8ional centres.

capital city [,kiepltl.srt{ - f vrospopulation [,popjdlerJn] - npessgregional centre ['ri:d3enlJ - rgis kozpont

The highest point in the country is kkes, which canbe found in the Mtra Mountains. lt is L,,O!4 metresabove sea level.

the highest pont [,hatest'pctnt] - a legmaga abb pontsea level ['si: levlJ - tengerszint

lakes n Hungary?The two longest rivers are the Tisza (its length inHungary is 596 kilometers) and the Danube (+rfkms).Their sources are outside the country.Hungary can boast the largest freshwater lake inEurope: Lake Balaton, which has an area of 595 quarekilometres, and is a very famous tourist destination.The second biggest lake in the country is Lake Tisza, anartificial lake with an area of I27 square kilometre .river ['rtva*J - folylake [lelk] * ttength [lery0] - hossz(rjsg)ource [sc:sJ - forrs

boast wth [beust wl ] - dicsekszik valamivelfreshwater ['freJwc:tei] - d esvzr]

17I

23, HuruaARy & THr EU

tourist destination [,tclertst,destt'nelJn] - turisztikai riti clarfificial [o:ttfrl] - mestersges

Hungary?

There are six major geographical regions in Hungary;they are the following:

the Great Hungarian Plain, the Little Hungarian Plain,The Transdanubian Hills, The Transdanubian MediumMountains, The Northern Medium Mountains andAlpokalja.

geographical [,d3i:e!rrefikl] - foldrajziregion ['ri:d3en] - rgi, tjegysgfollowing ['foleolg] - kovetkezGreat Hungarian Plain [grert hng'geerian pleln] - AlfoldLittle Hungarian Plan [htl hng-geerian pleln] - KisalfoldTransdanubian Hills [trrenzdrcnJu:blan hrlz] - Dunntrjli

dombsgTransdanubian Medium Mountains [trrenzdrenJu:btan

,mi:diam ,mauntanzj- Dunnt li kozphegysgNorthern Medum Mountains ['nc: en ,mi:diam

,maont anzJ- szaki kozphegysg

Hungary has a population of about 10 million people.About 20% of the citizens live in the capital city.

citizen ['sltzn] - (llam)polgr

The currency of Hungary is the Hungarian forint, whichis divided into 100 fillr, but the fillr has not beenused since 1999. Depending on the economic situationHungary will be able to adopt the euro between 2012and 2Ot4.

currency ['knransi] - pnznemdivide into [dtvard] - felosztdepend on [dtpend] - frigg valamit leconomc [,i:ko'nomrk] - gazdas giadopt [aUppt] - alkalmaz, bevezeteuro [Jt-roracrJ - euro

The official language of our country is Hungarian,which is a uralic language, part of the Finno-ugriclanguage family.

official [e'ftJl] - hivatalosUralic [Joerehk] - urliFinno-Ugric [,finoo'ju:grrk] - fi n nu gor

Hungary has been a parliamentary republic since1989.

,,illl

form of governrnent [fc:nr av tgnvennrent]

- llamformaparliamentary republic [,po:la'mentri rtpnblrk]

- pa rla ment ris kozt rsasg

Hungary?

ln the Hungarian parliament there are two majorpolitical parties at the present time: the HungarianSocialist Party and Fidesz (Alliance of Young Democrats)

Hungarian Civic Union. There are three smallerparties with a number of seats in the Parliament: theAlliance of Free Democrats, the Christian DemocraticPeople's Party and the Hungarian Democratic Forum.

Major ['merd3a*J - nagyobb, fontosabb, f bbpolitical party [pa'lrtrkl,po:ti] - politikai prtat the present time ['preznt] - jelenlegHungarian Socialist Party [hng,gearien'saofeltst po:tiJ

- Magyar Szocialista PrtAllance of Young Dernocrats [e,latens ov jngtemekrretsJ

- Fiatal Demokratk SzovetsgeHungarian Civic Union [hng,georiarlsIvrk ju:nian]

- Magyar Polgri Szovetsgseat [si:t] - kpvisel i mandtumAlliance of Free Democrats [a,latans ov frildemekrrets]

- Szabad Demokratk SzovetsgeChristian Democratic People's Party [krrstJan

,demdkrptlk pi:plz po:ti] - KeresztnydemokrataNpprt

Hungarian Democratic Forum [hng,gearien,demdkrret*'fc:ramJ - Magyar Demokrata Frurn

The Hungarian flag has three equal horizontal bands ofred, white and green.

flag [flregJ - zszlequal ['i:kwalJ - egyenlhorizontal [,hDrt'zontlJ - vzszintesband [brendJ - sv

Hungary has a temperate continental climate that isinfluenced by the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlanticocean. winters are cold, cloudy and windy; the coldestmonths are January and February, with a lot of snow.summers are sometimes very dry and hot; JuIy andAugust are the hottest rnonths.

temperate ['temperot] - meleg mrskeltcontinental [,kontfnentl] - szrazfoldi/kontinentlisinfluence [\nfluens] - befolysolMediterranean Sea [,medrtdrernien si:] - FoIdkozi-tengerAtlantic Ocean [et'leentik,er-rfn] - AtIa nti-cencloudy ['klaodi] - felh swindy ['wrndiJ - szelesdry [drar] - szraz

L72

@l Could you summarize the hstory of the countryin a ew sentences?As it is a very hard task to summarize the history of acountry in just a few sentences, I will speak only aboutthe milestones of Hungarian history.

. The Magyar tribes occupied a considerable part of theCarpathian Basin in 896, led by rpd.

. The first king, lstvn (Saint Stephen) (997-1038) madeRoman Catholicism the state religion . ln !24L-42 theMongols devastated the country; this is mentioned inHungarian history as the Tartar invasion.

. From the beginning of the 15'h century the TurkishEmpire threatened the country. ln L456 the TurkishArmy was defeated at Nndorfehrvr by theHungarians under the leadership of Jnos Hunyadi.

o During the reign of King Matthias (1458-1,490) Hungarybecame one of the leading cultural states of Europe.

o ln 1526 the Turks destroyed the Hungarian army atthe battle of Mohcs; Hungary was split into threeparts and most of the country came under Turkishdomination for more than 150 years.

o ln 1686, the Austrian lmperial and Hungarian armiesrecaptured Buda and by the end of the century theTurks were driven out of the country.

o Between L703 and L7LL there was a nationalindependence struggle Ied by Ferenc Rkczi, whichaimed at gaining independence from the Habsburgs,but it was unsuccessful. Habsburg rule becarneconsolidated in Hungary.

o The Hungarian Reform Period started in the 1820sand various new laws were enacted by the Parliament.Count lstvn Szchenyi recognized the need formodernization and became one of the reformleaders.

o On 15 March 1848 the national independence struggleled to a revolution and a war of independence beganin Hungary, which ended in August 1849 when Russiantroops came to help Austria and the Hungarians'struggle for independence was defeated.

o By the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of L867 the dualMonarchy of Austria-Hungary came into existence.

o ln 1918 there was a radical bourgeois revolution and arepublic was proclaimed, but in 1919 the CommunistParty of Hungary came to power and proclaimed theHungarian Soviet Republic.

o During the regency of Horthy Mikls between 1919and 1944 Hungary was a kingdom without a king,governed by a conservative elite.

o At the end of the Second World War in 1945 Hungarywas "liberated" from the German forces and conqueredby the Soviet Army. A period of strong Soviet pressureand interference began.

o ln 1956 there was a national uprising against sovietdomination and a democratic revolution against

23. HuNGARv & THE EU

communist rule, but it was defeated by the Soviettroops.

ln 1989 Hungary opened its borders to Austria and letpeople from East-Germany go to the West, and with theProclamation of the Republic of Hungary the SocialistPeople's Republic ended.

The first free parliamentary election was in 1990. ltwas won by the conservative 1-|ungarian DemocraticForuffi, under Prime Minister Jzsef Antall.

ln 1999 Hungary joined the NATO.

On 1 May, 2004 Hungary joined the European Union.

su mmarize ['snmor aruj- osszefogla lmlestone ['marlsteun] - mrfoldktribe [tralb] - torzsoccupy ['okjupatJ - elfoglalconsiderable [kartslderabl] - jelent s, szrnottevlead, led, Ied [li:d, led] - vezet , irnytRoman Catholicsrn [,reoman ke'Oolesrzom] - rmai

katolicizmusstate [stelt] - llamirelgion [rtlrd3en] - vallsMongolian [mog'gecrlian] - mongoldevastate ['devestelt] - elpusztt, letarolTartar invason [trfvel5nJ - tatrjrsthreaten ['0retn] - fenyegetdefeat [dtfi:tJ - legy z, megverleadership ['li:doJtpl - vezets, vezrletrule [ru:l] - uralkodsleading ['li:drry] - uralkoddestroy [dtstrcrJ - megsemmist, elpuszttarmy ['o:mi] - hadseregbattle ['bret! - csatasplit (split, split} into [splttJ - feloszt, rszekre osztdomination [,domfnelnJ - uralomrecaptu re [,rilkaptfe*] - visszafogla ldrive out [,drarv'aot] - ki z, kikergeti n depende nce [,mdfpendans] - f ti ggetl e n sg(i )struggle ['strngl] - ktizdelem, harcaim at [elm et] - szndkozik, igyekszikgain [gem] - elnyer, megszerezunsuccessful [,nnsak'sesfl] - sikertelenconsolidate [kertsohdert] - rneger st, megszilrdtlaw [lo:] - torvnyenact [r'nrcktJ - torvnybe iktatcount [kaunt] - grfrecognize ['rekognau] - felismerleader ['li:de*] - vezetrevo|ution [,revdlu:fn] - forrada lomtroop [tru:p] - sereg, csapatcompromise ['kompramauJ - kiegyezsdual I dju:al] - kett smonarchy ['monoki] - monarchiacome into existence [knm mta tg'ztsten ]- ltrejonradical ['rredrkl] - radiklisbourgeois ['boe3wo:] - burzsoproclaim [pra'klelmJ - kikiltcommunist ['komjenrst] - kommu nistacome to power [knm te 'paua*J - hatalomra jutregency ['ri:d5onsi] - kormnyzsgkingdom ['krqdam] - kirlysggovern ['gnvn] - kormnyoz, vezet, irnyt

173

23. Hurueanv a rxr EU

conservative [kan sa:vetrv] - konzervatv ffi F|shermen's Bastion ['fiJemenz,bastien] - HalszbstYaetite [eili;t] - elit ffi Matthias Church [md0ares,tJs:tl - MtYs temPlomliberte [,libarert] _ felszabadt ffi Heroe, quare [,hrereuz skwee*] _ Hsk tere.onqu"r l.kopke;] _ tegyz, meghdt & open space [,eopen,spets] _szabad terletpr"rrur" 1'p.1.*i- nyoms ffi zoo [zu:] - llatkertinterre.en." [jnte,freiens] - beavatkozs ffi funair [,f,rnfee*] - vidmparkuprising [hp,iarzrj] - felkels ffi gallery [!eleri] - galriapio.1",ition 1,proitamerln1- kikilts ffi fine arts [arn\r:ts] - szpmvszetparliamentaryiectlon1.po:6mentri]-parlamentivlasztsffijoin ldscln] - belp, csatlakozik m ca wi iam some typical traditional

_ ffi Hungarandshesanddfinks?WTypicalHungarianfoodisquitespicy:hotpaprika,

in Hungary? ffi onions and lard are often used. other very commonFirst of all, the most popular tourist destination ffi ingredients include garlic, black pepper, parsley,in Hungary is definitely the capital, Budapest. The ffi thymg marjoram, vinegar and a thick sour creamsecond place visited by thousands of tourists every ffi called 'tejfl'. The most famous dishes are Fish SouP,year is Lake Balaton. As it is very close to Budapest, a ffi Goulash Soup and Jkai Bean Soup, Chicken PaPrikalot of tourists go to the Danube bend and visit places ffi with small dumplings, meat and vegetable stews,like Szentendre, Visegrd and Esztergom. Big cities ffi stuffed cabbage and stuffed peppers, HortobgYilike pcs, Debrecen and Szeged are also popular with ffi pancakes filled with veal stew, and some sweets liketourists. There are some sites that are part of the ffi Dobos cake, Floating island and Tr Rudi (a chocolateWorld Heritage and thus they are Very famous all over ffi bar filled with sweet quark cheese ).the world, for example the Old Village of Hollk, the W Typical traditional Hungarian drinks include the whiteBenedictine Abbey of Pannonhalma, the Caves of the ffi dessert wine called Tokaji, red wines from Villny andAggtelek Karst, Hortobagy National Park, the Cultural Eger, a very famous liquor called Unicum, and Plinka,Landscape of Lake Fert and the Tokaj Wine Re8ion, l *ii.t i, a kind of fruit brandy.ctose to [\leus ta] - kzel ffi Some Hungarian mineral Waters are also well-known,DanubeLend ttanju:b bend]-Dunakanyar such as Szentkirlyi, Ave and Kkkuti.popular with ['popjela wt] - npszer valakik krben ffisite tsar] _ nejvszin ffi typical [,trprk{ _tipikus, jellemzworid Hritage [,ws:ldherrtrd3] -Vilgrksg traditional[tre\{anl] - hagyomnyosthus [^s] * gy, iiy mdon M dish [dd] - telfamous [iferrnss] - hres ffi drink [drrrlk] - italBenedicne [,bjnrktrn] _ bencs ffi quite [kwart] - elg(e)abbey ["abi] -aptsg ffi splcy ['sparsi]-fszerescave [kew] _ barlang hot paprika [hDt pdpri:ko] _ ers paprikanational part t,npt'po:k] - nemzeti park * onlon [hnjen] - vrshagymalandscapl 1wnaskerpf _ vioet ffi lard [lo:d] _ sertszsrwine region [warrtri:3an] - borvidk ffi common ['komen] - gyakori ingredlent [rnlri:diant] - hozzval

w,,,ll i:;,j:ii;T,I]-":il.,. oo,,in Budapest? ffi parsley ['po:sli] - petrezselyemMost tourists coming to Budapest visit the following ffi thyme [tarm] - kakukkfsights of the city: Buda Castle with the Castle District $ marjoram ['mo:d3arem] - majornnainituding the Fishermen's Bastion and Matthias vinegar['vmlga*]-ecetChurch, Gellrt Hill, Margaret lsland, Heroes, square, thlck[OIk]-srthe parliament, st. stephen,s gasirica,-the ;,; X ;i,i'j|nTrl;.',T;l!ffi;;'i'o'House and Vcistreet. The City Park is also.popular, ffi eoutasni[.gri:lrf,su:p]_gulyslevesas it is the largest open space in BudaPest and You can Jkal Bean soup c:kqr bi:n su:p] -Jkai bablevesfind the zoo, the funfair and the Vajdahunyad Castle Chkken paprlka [,t$krn pe'pri:ke]- csirkepapriksthere. The most visited museums in the capital are the smatt dumplings [smc:l'd,rmplrrlzl - nokedliHungarian National Museum, the National Gallery, the # meat tew [mi:t'stjuN - prkltAquincum Museum and the Museum of Fine Arts. # vegetable stew [ved3tabl'stjud - fzelk stuffed cabbage [st^ft'ksbld3] -tlttt kposztafollowing [,foleorg] - kvetkez stufed peppers [stnft'pepaz] - tlttt paprtkasight [sart}- nevezetessg, ltnival & floating lsland [,flarrtrrJarland] - madrtejGastl; [,ko:l] - vr ffi quark cheese [kwo:k'tJi:z] - trcastle distrlct [lrstrlkt] - vrkerlet fitted [fild]- tltttincluding [rrtklu:drp] - magban foglal & tiquor ['hke*] - likr

u4

Ell* ,-

tl

l,.

n

,

11

itl,

.a

fruit brandy [,fru:t'brrcndi] - gymolcsplinkamineral water [tnrtnoral wc:ta*] - sv nyvzwell-known [,wel'neon] - jl ismert

Hgw mgny member stcrtes are there in the EU?

Our country joined the EU on ].'t May, 2004. There are27 member states in the EU (in 2009).

member state [,memba'stert] - taglla m

W What is the European lJnon? Whai ai tne maingims of the EU? What is the name of the commoncurrency in the EU? Whqt's the European ITag like?What's the European Anthem? When s the EI!'sbirthday?

The European Union is a unique economic and politicalpartnership between 27 democratic Europeancountries. The EU's main aims are peace, prosperityand freedom for its citizens - in a fairer, safer world.The euro is the EU's sing|e currency. The European flagis blue with twelve yellow stars in a circle in the middleof the flag. The twelve stars symbolize the idea of unity,solidarity and harmony among the peoples of Europe.The melody of the European Anthem comes from the

'ialS:., 'fiffiToPlc filN:lB

firstly,l cou l d,]also,,,'m,Bafiiohi

23. HtlNGARy & THE EU

Ninth Symphony by Beethoven. When it is used as theEuropean Anthem, it has no words. The EU's birthdayis Europe Day, on the 9th of May, because the idea ofthe European Union first came up on 9 May 1950 in aspeech made by the French Foreign Minister, RobertSch uman.

unique [jdni:k] - egyed lll, egyedipartnership ['po:tnatp] - trsasgdernocratic [,denre'krretrk] - demokratikusmain [nreln] - taim [etnr] - clpeace [pi:s] - bkeprosperity [prdsperati] - jlt

::Tffi Tl';*J ;-H:,1tli.,',,, - kozos va l utasyrnbolize ['stnrbelarz] - je lkpezidea [ar'dla] - eszme, gondolatunity [)u:neti] * egysgsolidarity [,solrtmretiJ - osszeta rtsharmony ['hc:nrani] - harmniapeoples ['pi:plzJ - npekanthern ['ien0enr] * himnuszmelody ['nreledi] - dallamsymphony ['stnrfani] - szimfniacome up [,knnr\pl - felmerrilforeign minister [,forerr'nrtntsta*J - k lrigyminiszter

Mtys templom - Matthias Church [me'Oares,tfs:tJ]Nemzeti 6alria - the Nationa! Gallery [,nreJnol'grelariJNemzeti M zeurn - the National Museum [,nrefnel mju:-ziomJOperahz- the Opera House ['opra haus]Parlament - the House of Parliament ['po:lament]Szabadsg-szobor * the Liberty Monument ['hboti,mon!umant]Szent lstvn Bazilika * 5t" Stephen's BasiIica [be'zllrko]Szpm vszeti M zeum - the Museum of Flne Arts [farnb:ts]Vrhegy - the Castle Hill ['ka:sl 1rrl]Vrkeret - the Castle District ['ka:sl,dntrrktJJVrosliget - the City Park [,sltlpo:k]

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ToPIC-BASED MINI DlcTloNARYF,evezetessgek Budapesten - Tourist attractions in Budapesti

" Cai vr - the Royal Palace of Buda [,rctol'pnlas]- |adella - the Citadel ["srtodelJ-- -. apart - the Danube bank ltrerr:u:b,brcryk]!".sbet hd - EIizabeth Bridge [r,lrzaba0'brrd3]-; szbstya - the Fisherrnen' Bastion ['fifemenz,biestian]- js jk tere - Heroes' Square ['hlarauz skweo*J_: - :h d - Chain Bridge [tJerrtbrrdr]','3 "8it hd - Margaret Bridge [,ma:grrfbrld3J',' : .3it-sziget - Margaret lsland [,mo:grrt'allend]

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