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+ROMATIN% He)er *r &a)in, E *r &a)in, N *le ( &

+r &a)in a"ala. DNA'er-ilin7/an"a 3 double-helical 4 an/ "i(er)ai -r )ein

.i() n "an -r )ein n n7

.i() n

Hetero ro!"t#$ a"ala.*r &a)in -a"a) )i"a* a*)i!'er)ran(*ri-(i# Pa"a &i*r /ra!ele*)r n, .e)er *r &a)in)a&-a* -a"a)7ele*)r n3electron-dense 4#C n) .n a% 'a"an Barr an/)er"a-a) "ala& (el "ari ) ' .

8ani)a, &er -a*an$.r & ( &e 9 ina*)i!#

E% ro!"t#$ a"ala. *r &a)inan/ )er rai "an a*)i!

'er)ran(*ri-(iN% &eo'o! )er"iri a)a( DNA

an/ &elin/*ari .i() n H2A,H2B, H:, H; &e&'en) *(era) *r &a)in 11 n& 3"ia4#

Se' a. n *le ( & "en/an)a&-ilan n)aian &ani*7&ani*a"ala. (a) an "a(ar /a' n/an*r &a)in# Sera) *r &a)in 11 n&ini "a-a) "i/a' n/*an &en a"i

(era) *r &a)in :07n& le..i() n H1#

II. STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI INTI SEL

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NU+LEOLUS% DNA -en/ r/ani(ir7n *le l (, -ar('r (a, -ar( /ran l (a

DNA )er"iri a)a( 'a/ian7'a/ian"ari 5 -a(an/ $.r & ( &e

an/ &en/an" n/ /en an/&en a"i (an"i 'a/i RNAri' ( &al 3rRNA4#Par( 'r (a &en/an" n/(era' ) 5 n& an/ )er"iri a)a(rRNA an/ 'ar "i)ran(*ri-(i

"an )eri*a) -a"a -r )einri' ( Par( /ran l (a &en/an" n//ran la 20 n& an/ )er"iria)a( rRNA an/ )eri*a) -a"a-r )ein ri' ( & an/ & lai&en a"i &a)an/ &e&'en) *

II. STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI INTI SEL

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III. SITOPLASMA

STRUKTUR SITOPLASMAMENGANDUNG ORGANELA:A. RIBOSOM

B. RETIKULUM ENDOPLASMIKKASARC. RETIKULUM ENDOPLASMIK

HALUSD. KOMPLEKS GOLGIE. MITOKONDRIAF. LISOSOMG. PEROKSISOMH. ENDOSOM

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R# o'o! a"ala. )e&-a) 'erlan/( n/n a )ran(la(iRNA $ara*a 3&RNA4# Ri' ( & )er"iri a)a(% ( ' ni) ;0S3*e$il4

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III. SITOPLASMA

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Ret# %&%! e$ o*&"'!# "'"r 3rough endoplasmicreticulum/ rER4a"ala. r/anel 'er&e&'ran, &en/an" n/ ri' ( & an/&ele*a) -a"a -er& *aann a &elal i -en/i*a)an ri' ! rin I"an II -a"a ( ' ni) ri' ( &

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Ret# %&%! e$ o*&"'!# +#$ 3smooth endoplasmicreticulum = (ER4 a"ala. r/anel 'er&e&'ran an/ )i"a*&en/an" n/ ri' ( Terli'a) "ala& (in)e(i( . r& n()er i" -a"a / na", * r)e*( a"renal, "an -la(en)a> "ala&"e) *(i *a(i 'a) "i .a)i "en/an (i) *r & P7;50> "an

"ala& aliran *al(i & an/ )er*ai) * n)ra*(i ) )#

III. SITOPLASMA

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Ko!*&e ' Go& # )er"iri a)a( (e) &- * (i()erna'er&e&'ran# Per& *aan $i( an/ $e&' n/ 'er! n/(i&eneri&a ?e(i*el -r )ein an/ 'ar "i(in)e(i( "arirER# Per& *aan )ran( an/ $e* n/ 'er! n/(i&ele-a(*an ?a* l an/ &e&a"a) an/ &en/an" n/-r )ein an/ )ela. &en/ala&i & "i *a(i -a($a7)ran(la(i#

III. SITOPLASMA

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F n/(i + &-le*( G l/i%1# M "i *a(i -r )ein -a($a7)ran(la(i, &en$a* -% 314# S l!a(i "an ! (! rila(i a(a& a&in 324# Gli* (ila(i )er&inal 3:4# F (! rila(i re(i" &ann (a 3.an a )er a"i -a"a -r )ein

li( ( &al2# Pen r)iran "an -en/e&a(an -r )ein%

314# -r )ein (e*re) ri* "i*e&a( "ala& ?e(i*el 'er(al ) $la).rin324# -r )ein (e*re) ri* "i*e&a( "ala& ?e(i*el )a* 'er(al ) $la).rin3:4# -r )ein li( ( &al "i*e&a( "ala& ?e(i*el 'er(al ) $la).rin(e)ela. ! (! rila(i re(i" &ann (a#

:# Da r lan/ &e&'ran

III. SITOPLASMA

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M#to o$ r#" )erli'a) "ala& -r " *(i ATP#M r! l /i &i) * n"ria 'er?aria(i )er/an) n/ ()a) ( &e)a' li* (el%St"t%' !et" o'e&

Ko$- %r"'#M#to o$ r#"

Mor o&o # M#to o$ r#"

Tin/*a) ! (! rila(i*("a)i!

ren"a.

r) " *( +ri()a &en n l+ &-ar)e&en &a)ri*( 'e(ar

Tin/*a) ! (! rila(i *(i"a)i! )in//i

-a"a) +ri()a )i"a* &en n l+ &-ar)e&en &a)ri*( le'i.*e$ilR an/ &e&'ran 'e(ar

III. SITOPLASMA

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+ &- nen "an I(i Mi) * "ria%Ko!*o$e$ I'#Me&'ran l ar 777

R an/ an)ar &e&'ran I n H @

Me&'ran "ala& 3)erli-a) &en a"i*ri()a4

Ran)ai )ran(- r) ele*)r n 3 a?in & n n *le )i"a% * en i& , (i) *r & a,', $4S *(ina) "e.i"r /ena(eATP Sin)e)a(e 3"i)e& *an -a"a -ar)i*el ele&en)er4

+ &-ar)e&en &a)ri*( En i&7en i& (i*l ( TCA 3*e$ ali ( *(ina)"e.i"r /ena(e4En i&7en i& 7 *(i"a(e a(a& le&a*DNA, &RNA, )RNA, rRNAGran la7/ran la an/ &en/an" n/ Ca 2@ "an M/ 2@

III. SITOPLASMA

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L#'o'o! &en/an" n/ 'an a* en i&, &en$a* -$a).e-(in B "an L 3-r )ea(e4, n *lea(e, 5 7n *le )i"a(e, 7/ala*) (i"a(e, 7/l * r ni"a(e,/li* (i"a(e, aril ( l!a)a(e, li-a(e, e()era(e, "an! (!a)a(e a(a En i&7en i& ini 'er! n/(i -a"a -H5,0 5,5# Li( ( & -a"a ne )r l "i(e' ) /ran laa r li*#

III. SITOPLASMA

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Jeni( Li( ( &%1# Li( ( & -ri&er )i"a* )erli'a) "ala& "e/ra"a(i 3)i"a* a*)i!4#2# Li( ( & (e* n"er )erli'a) "ala& "e/ra"a(i 3a*)i!4%

a# !a/ li( ( & a"ala. li( ( & (e* n"er an/ (e$ara a*)i!&en"e/ra"a(i &a)eri an/ "i'a8a *e "ala& (el le.

?a* l!a/ (i)i*#

'# a ) !a/ li( ( & a"ala. li( ( & (e* n"er an/ (e$ara a*)i!&en"e/ra"a(i r/anel (el "i "ala& ?a* l a ) !a/i*#

:# Ba"an re(i" a"ala. ?a* l an/ &en/an" n/ &a)eri an/)i"a* "a-a) "i$erna# Ba"an re(i" ini "a-a) &en/ &- l "i"ala& (el (e'a/ai -i/&en li- ! $.(in#

III. SITOPLASMA

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Pero '#'o! a"ala. r/anel an/ "i'a)a(i &e&'ranan/ $en"er n/ le'i. 'e(ar "ari-a"a li( ( Per *(i( & &en/an" n/%1# O*(i"a(e a(a& a&in "an *(i"a(e .i"r *(i a(a&, an/

&en/*a)ali(i( 'er'a/ai rea*(i an/ &en/.a(il*an H 2O2#

2# +a)ala(e "an -er *(i"a(e lain an/ &ere" *(i H 2O2 &en a"iH2O @ O 2

:# En i& 7 *(i"a(i a(a& le&a*#

III. SITOPLASMA

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Si()e& en" &e&'ran &en/.a(il*an 'er'a/ai&a*r & le* lSi()e& ini&eli- )i%1# rER

2# (ER:# G l/i $ &-l#

;# li( (

III. SITOPLASMA

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IV. STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI SITOSKELETON

STRUKTUR SITOSKELETON DIBANGUNOLEH: FILAMEN DAN MIKROTUBULUS

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F#&"!e$ %1# Mi*r la&en

a# Mi*r la&en )i-i( 3"ia&e)er < n&4, 'er -a-ilin

/an"a# Ber! n/(i "ala& e*( (i) (i(,

en" (i) (i(, (i) *ine(i(, -er/era*an (el7(el, "an-er/era*an

-r )ein7-r )ein &e&'ran (el#'# Mi*r la&en )e'al 3"ia&e)er 1< n&4#

Ber! n/(i "ala& * n)ra*(i ) )#2# Fila&en in)er&e"ia) 3"ia&e)er 10712 n&4Ber! n/(i (e'a/ai i*a)an (i) -la(&i* "ala&

alinan la&en) (a an/ 'er(ina&' n/an, &el a( "ari &a)ri*( e*()ra(el *e (i) -la(&a

"an in)i# Fila&en in)er&e"ia) &en n **an *e*. ( (an n) * eni( (el )er)en) ,


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M# rot% %&%' a"ala. ) ' l ( 25 n& an/ )er( ( n (e$ara(ir* lar#1# Mi*r ) ' l ( 'era"a "ala& *e(e)i&'an/an "ina&i* "en/an

- l "an ) ' lin "ala& (i) -la(&a, (e.in//a -a"a (e)ia-&i*r ) ' l ( )er"a-a) n/ - li&eri(a(i a)a n/ -l ( "an

n/ "e- li&eri(a(i a)a n/ &in (#2# Mi*r ) ' l ( (elal "i(er)ai "en/an -r )ein7-r )ein )er*ai)7

&i*r ) ' l ( 3MAP( microtubule-associated proteins 4 an/&e&ili*i a*)i?a(i ATPa(e#


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V. STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI MEMBRAN SEL

STRUKTUR MEBRAN SEL DIBANGUNOLEH: KOMPONEN PROTEIN DANKOMPONEN LIPID

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Me! r"$ 'e& 3)e'al 6710 n&4Pa"a arin/an an/ "i *(a(i "en/an (&i & "ala& -en/a&a)an"en/an &i*r /ra! ele*)r n, &e&'ran (el )a&-a* (e'a/ai " a/ari( -a"a)7ele*)r n an/ "i-i(a.*an le. ( a) $ela. aran/7ele*)r n 3 electron-lucent 4# Gari( -a"a) ele*)r n )er a"i a*i'a)"e- (i(i (&i & -a"a *e-ala .i"r li* li-i"# Cela. aran/7ele*)r n &e8a*ili e* r .i"r ! 'i* li-i"#


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+ara*)eri()i*%+ &- nen -r )ein &en n **an patching 3'er$a*7'er$a*4 a)acapping 3&en ) -i4# +ea"aan ini "a-a) "ili.a) "en/an &i*r (* -iele*)r n !ra*) r7'e* , "i &ana la-i(an li-i" /an"a i) "i-i(a.*anan)ara le&'ar l ar "an "ala Si(i7P a"ala. -er& *aan l ar

le&'ar "ala& "an &en/an" n/ (e'a/ian 'e(ar -r )ein in)e/ralan/ )a&-a* 'er -a ) n lan7) n lan # Si(i7E a"ala.-er& *aan "ala& le&'ar l ar an/ )a&-a* (e'a/ai -er& *aanli$in "en/an ( & r7( & r#


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Ko!*o$e$ Prote#$ )er"iri a)a( -r )ein -eri!er "anin)e/ral%Pr )ein -eri!er "a-a) "en/an & "a. "i-i(a.*an "arila-i(an li-i" /an"a "en/an &en/ 'a. *e* a)an i na)a -H#Pr )ein in)e/ral ( *ar "i-i(a.*an "ari la-i(an li-i"/an"a, *e$ ali 'ila &e&a*ai "e)er/en (e-er)i SDS#Pr )ein )ran(7&e&'ran a"ala. -r )ein in)e/ral an/&en an/*a (el r . )e'al la-i(an li-i" /an"a,

(e.in//a -r )ein )er(e' ) )er-a an -a"a r an/e*()ra(el "an (i) -la(&a#Pr )ein S-e(i *%1# Pr )ein7-r )ein &e&'ran (el "en/an ! n/(i

(i l /i* an/ -en)in/ &eli- )i Na @, + @7ATPa(e,re(e-) r a(e)il* lin, re(e-) r in( lin 3 an/ 'er! n/(i


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2# + &- nen -r )ein )er$iri*an "en/an 'ai* -a"a&e&'ran (el "ara. &era. "an &en$a* - -r )ein7-r )ein%314# (-e*)rin &e&-er)a.an*an 'en) * 'i* n*a!

SDM# U n/ e* r (-e*)rin )eri*a) -a"a a*)in "an-r )ein 'an" ;#1#

324# an*irin &ele*a) -a"a (-e*)rin "an -r )ein 'an":#

3:4# -r )ein 'an" : a"ala. -en/an/* ) ani n an/

&e& n/*in*an i n Cl 7#3;4# /li* ! rin a"ala. -r )ein )ran(&e&'ran

-er)a&a an/"i)e)a-*an r )an a(a& a&in 7n a an/

len/*a-# U n/ )er&inal NH2 an/ .i"r li*

)er a an a"a r an e*()ra(el, 'a ian


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