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EXPERT GROUP ON NUCLEAR RADIATION AND SAFETY
21 May 2015, Oulu
Andrey StepanovChair of the CBSS EGNRS
Janusz GaciarzCBSS Secretariat
Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
The Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS)History and Organisation
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The Council of the Baltic Sea States
(CBSS) is an overall political forum
for regional intergovernmental
cooperation. The members of the
Council are the 11 states of the Baltic
Sea region as well as the European
Commission.
The CBSS was established by the region’s Foreign Ministers in Copenhagen in
1992 as a response to the geopolitical changes that took place in the Baltic Sea
region with the end of the Cold War. Since its founding, the CBSS has
contributed to ensuring positive developments within the Baltic Sea region and
has served as a driving force for multi-lateral co-operation
Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety (EGNRS)
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The EGNRS is an expert forum for
initiating cooperation activities
related to radiological emergency
planning. The EGNRS aims to
strengthen preparedness for
coordinated and integrated
international actions in the Baltic
Sea region in the event of a
nuclear accident.
The tasks of the Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety (EGNRS) are as follows:
• to collect information about nuclear facilities and waste storage in the Baltic Sea region;
• to identify the sources of radioactivity which pose a potential risk in the Baltic Sea region;
• to identify potential nuclear and radiological risks that require immediate concerted remedial
action;
• to take stock of and monitor various projects aimed at enhancing nuclear and radiation
safety in the Baltic Sea region;
• to prepare relevant recommendations and suggest and develop initiatives accordingly.
Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety (EGNRS)
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The chairmanship of the EGNRS rotates among the CBSS members on a triennial basis, as
decided by the CSO.
1992-1997 Finland (Prof. Antti Vuorinen - Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety)
1998-2000 Finland (Mr. Raimo Mustonen - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority)
2001-2003 Sweden (Mr. Åke Persson - Swedish Radiation Protection Authority)
2004-2006 Germany (Dr. Erich Wirth - Federal Office for Radiation Protection )
2007-2009 Norway (Mr. Finn Ugletveit - Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority)
2010-2013 Finland (Mr. Juha Rautjärvi - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority)
2014-2017 Russia (Mr. Andrey Stepanov - State Atomic Energy Corporation “Rosatom” )
The EGNRS recognizes and emphasizes the importance of co-operation between all CBSS
Member States. The success of the EGNRS depends to a great extent on the active
participation and contribution of information by all CBSS Member States. The EGNRS will
also continuously develop the cooperation and involvement of the CBSS Observer States in
the EGNRS meetings and activities.
Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
EGNRS Regular Meeting, 5-6 November 2014, St. Petersburg
The first meeting of the Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety under
the Russian Chairmanship took place on 5-6 November, 2014 in St.Petersburg.
Host: The State Atomic Energy Corporation ROSATOM
Venue: Emergency Response Centre of the Minatom of Russia (ERC)
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Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
EGNRS Regular Meeting, 5-6 November 2014, St. Petersburg
Delegations from the CBSS Member States: Denmark, Finland,
Latvia, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden as well as representative
from the CBSS Secretariat were present. The representatives from
the European Commission, Estonia, Germany, Iceland, and
Lithuania submitted information that they cannot attend the meeting
due to other important commitments.
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Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
Presentation of the Russian Chairmanship Programme
The outline of the program was distributed around ten days before the meeting.
The EGNRS members sent back some comments and suggestions regarding
key priorities and activities as well as implementation methods.
1. EGNRS will focus on two priorities: establishing effective cooperation in
nuclear forensics in terms of setting legal and operational framework for it, and
enabling exchange of environmental monitoring data between national agencies
of the CBSS MS’s.
2. EGNRS will explore possibilities of common educational and public
awareness activities aimed at providing general public and specific social group
with knowledge necessary to respond adequately to nuclear and radiation
threats. Common educational programs, training curricula and social
advertisement blueprint can be produced as results.
3. EGNRS sees a need to develop cooperation with the Baltic Sea Region
networks gathering representatives of law enforcement agencies (border
guards, police, customs), with the aim to strengthen protection against illicit
trafficking of radioactive materials and radioactive contaminations.
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Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
The priorities of the Russian Chairmanship
1. Establishment of the Baltic Sea Region Cooperation for Nuclear
Investigations (Nuclear Forensics).
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The aim would be to establish a regular cooperation
between the laboratories specialized in the calibration
across the BSR, and to expand the potential for an
effective fight against illegal smuggling and illegal
releases of radioactive substances.
An important dimension of cooperation should be
also establishing a regular cooperation within
different services in the region (in particular the Baltic
Sea Region Border Cooperation Coordination
(BSRBCC) and the Baltic Sea Task Force against
Organized Crime) concerning nuclear forensics
Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
The priorities of the Russian Chairmanship
Monitoring of radioactive contamination of the marine environment.
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The aim of the cooperation is to be further
development of research in the field of
"nuclear forensics": detection of radioactive
sources through research concentration ratios
of radioactive isotopes - identification of
ships/vessels equipped with nuclear
installations. Russia proposes to the EGNRS
closer cooperation with the expert group
HELCOM MORS.
Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
What is Nuclear Forensics?
Nuclear forensic analysis seeks to determine the physical,
chemical, elemental, and isotopic characteristics of nuclear
(or radiological) material of unknown origin.
Nuclear forensics is the study of nuclear materials to find
evidence of illegal activity, for example, source, trade and
enrichment material.
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Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
What is Nuclear Forensics?
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Nuclear materials have “nuclear
fingerprint", a certain
radioisotopes, isotonic and mass
relationships, material age,
impurity content, chemical form
and physical parameters.
The identification of this “nuclear fingerprint” may help
researchers keep track of nuclear materials back to their
origin.
Activities
to combat illicit trafficking in nuclear materials and
radioactive substances, including:
Illegal
acquisition, storage, use, transfer, destruction of
these items.
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What is Nuclear Forensics?
Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
Objects
Illicit trade and the illegal transport of nuclear materials,
especially terrorists, is of particular concern. After the illegal
material is in the hands of the relevant authorities nuclear
forensics can help to trace where this material came from.
The material can be recovered from various sources
including dust from the vicinity of a nuclear installation or
radioactive products after a nuclear explosion.
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Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
Analysis
Nuclear forensics includes both laboratory analysis and
computer modeling. The results are compared with a
database containing empirical data from previous studies of
materials and/or numerical simulations of how a nuclear
device made. The analysis requires a combination of
technical data, relevant databases and specialized skills
and knowledge restored.
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Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
- laboratory analysis
- comparison with databases of previous studies
- computer simulation (pattern recognition)
- expert confinement
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Analysis
Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
State of affairs
at world:
• hundreds of nuclear forensics laboratories
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Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
Such centers have been
established and operate in the
European Union, for example, at
the Institute for Transuranium
Elements (Karlsruhe, Germany)
and in the United States (at the
National Laboratories, Department
of Energy).
The Nuclear Security Center of Excellence‘s establishment within
Lithuania‘s Border Guard School is the result of The Republic of
Lithuania‘s institutions and its foreign partners’ consultation and
negotiations. Also, the Center‘s establishment signifies Lithuania‘s
worldwide fight against unauthorized possession of nuclear material,
nuclear terrorism, and its prevention.
On March 12th, 2012, the Lithuanian Government confirmed the
establishment of the Center as a part of the State Border Guard
Service‘s School. The Center‘s main objectives are to ensure and
enhance stability and sustainability in national nuclear security, in
cooperation with Lithuanian and foreign competent authorities and to
carry out international cooperation with foreign countries and
international organizations for nuclear safety in the implementation of
training and education on issues for border guards.
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Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
State of affairs
State of affairs
July 2014 - the creation of a network of National Laboratories
of the Russian Federation:
• Khlopin Radium Institute, Saint-Petersburg
• Non-commercial partnership “Laboratory for Analysis of
microparticles”, Moscow
• Bochvar Russian Scientific Research Institute of Inorganic
Materials, Moscow
• Institute of Biophysics of the Russian Academy of
Sciences, Moscow
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Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
28-29 April, 2015 a brief workshop in Stockholm to discuss the answers
to questionnaire, concerning the state of nuclear forensics in the
countries - participants CBSS and the observer countries
Regular EGNRS meeting 19-20 May 2015, (Tromsø, Norway) we will
discuss a more detailed plan of joint actions, taking into account
proposals of all participants.
Topical Day + Regular EGNRS meeting 4-5 November, 2015 (Warsow,
Poland)
EGNRS will focus on two priorities: establishing effective cooperation in
nuclear forensics in terms of setting legal and operational framework for
it, and enabling exchange of environmental monitoring data between
national agencies of the CBSS MS’s.
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Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
Our plans for 2015
Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
2016
Advanced workshop or topical day on nuclear
forensics (with representatives of law enforcement
agencies (border guards, police, customs).
2017
The draft
Intergovernmental Agreement on Cooperation
in Nuclear Forensics in the BSR.
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More distant plans
• mass spectrometry with isotope dilution;
• titrimetric methods;
• precision spectrophotometry;
• luminescence of uranium and neptunium;
• method absolute alpha-counting;
• alpha, beta and gamma spectrometry;
• methods of activation analysis;
• methods of non-destructive analysis based on the active neutron techniques;
• chemical-spectral analysis;
• scanning electron microscopy;
• Raman spectroscopy;
• microprobe analysis;
• X-ray analysis;
• visual analysis of nuclear materials and traces of fissile materials;
• radiochemical methods of separation of fissile materials.
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The methodological base necessary for the effective functioning of the System of Nuclear Expertise
Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
The necessary arrangements
1. Administrative activities:
• Coordination and approval of the Ministry in the countries-participants
• Coordination and approval of the planned activities with the
concerned authorities of the Federal and territorial authorities, the
competent law enforcement.
• Coordination of possible works to promote exchange of experiences
in the field of "nuclear forensics" with international organizations and
foreign centers "nuclear forensics".
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Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
2. Practical actions:
• The development of techniques for "nuclear forensics" on the
basis of existing analytical methods.
• Purchase missing the necessary equipment.
• Training and education are missing specialists.
• Ensuring cooperation between all participants of the procedures
"nuclear forensics".
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The necessary arrangements
Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
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Educational and public awareness activities
Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
EGNRS will explore possibilities of common educational and public
awareness activities aimed at providing general public and specific
social group with knowledge necessary to respond adequately to
nuclear and radiation threats. Common educational programs,
training curricula and social advertisement blueprint can be
produced as results.
Practical actions:
The development of techniques for "nuclear forensics"
on the basis of existing analytical methods.
Purchase missing the necessary equipment.
Training and education are missing specialists.
Ensuring cooperation between all participants of the
procedures "nuclear forensics".
The priorities of the Russian Chairmanship
EGNRS sees a need to develop cooperation with the Baltic Sea
Region networks gathering representatives of law enforcement
agencies (border guards, police, customs), with the aim to
strengthen protection against illicit trafficking of radioactive
materials and radioactive contaminations.
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Cooperation with the Baltic Sea Region networks
Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
The priorities of the Russian Chairmanship
Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
Ongoing Programs and research directions
Environmental Monitoring. Further development of environmental monitoring
systems.
Cooperation between laboratories carrying out analysis by gamma
spectrometry. Cooperation should be extended in particular by a more intensive
exchange of experiences and organizing within the EGNRS network an inter-
calibration of samples of real spectra.
Agreement on the exchange of data (dose rate). Overview of the proposal to
create mechanisms and recommendations for the future development of data
exchange.
Emergency preparedness. The aim will be to explore opportunities for
cooperation at the operational level centres and emergency services, in
particular the joint use of equipment and human resources.
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The priorities of the Russian Chairmanship
Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
Following the discussion and decisions taken at the meeting of the
CBSS Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety (EGNRS) in
St. Petersburg 5-6 November 2014, an expert seminar on nuclear
forensics will be held at the end of April 2015 in Stockholm.
The aim of the seminar is to discuss the issues relating to the state
of play on nuclear forensics and non- proliferation control in the
CBSS countries and observer countries and to define most
important modalities of the possible mechanism of cooperation in
this area between involved parties.
Based on conclusions of expert seminar, the CBSS EGNRS will take
further decisions regarding working plan on nuclear forensics for the
years 2015-17.
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Questionnaire on framework for cooperation in nuclear forensics
Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
Questionnaire has been elaborated to structure the discussion at the
workshop along the strategic lines. Summary of answers to the
questionnaire will be a point of departure for debate aimed at
defining key elements of future cooperation mechanism on nuclear
forensics in the BSR and outlining ways of constructing it.
We ask to send the answers to the questionnaire to the CBSS
Secretariat (e-mail: [email protected]) and me (e-mail:
[email protected]) by 31 March 2015. All responses will be
uploaded onto the CBSS Extranet and disseminate amongst the
participants of seminar.
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Questionnaire on framework for cooperation in nuclear forensics
Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
1. Does your country take part in listed below international
treaties/conventions and in several IEAE mechanisms?
2. What are key elements of national legal framework which
regulate issues of prevention of the cross-border illicit trafficking
of nuclear, unauthorized use and of radioactive materials, and
other related incidents?
3. How is inter-institutional cooperation regarding
nuclear/radioactive safety and security organized in your
country?
4. Does national legislation of your country provide compulsory
framework for cooperation and coordination between national
regulatory agency responsible for nuclear and radiation safety
and law enforcement agencies (police, border guard, customs)?
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Questionnaire on framework for cooperation in nuclear forensics
Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
5. Who in your country is primarily responsible for nuclear
forensics?
6. What other institutions/agencies – except main responsible entity
– do usually participate in handling with nuclear forensics cases?
7. What are most important needs which are a rationale for
establishing international cooperation in nuclear forensics:
8. What aspects of cooperation on nuclear forensics in the Baltic
Sea Region would be most important for your agency?
9. What form cooperation in nuclear forensics in the BSR would
you prefer, if there will be consent for this initiative amongst
CBSS parties?
10. What is demand for dealing with nuclear forensics in the opinion
of your agency?30
Questionnaire on framework for cooperation in nuclear forensics
Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
Poland Estonia Belarus
Finland Sweden Germany Demark ???
Norway Latvia Lithuania Iceland Russia ???
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Questionnaire on framework for cooperation in nuclear forensics
Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
Nuclear forensics:
A) Summary of results of the answers on questionnaire sent to the
partners in March 2015.
B) Summary of decisions made in the meeting in Stockholm in April
2015.
C) Presentation of a Nordic cooperation initiative on nuclear
forensics (NKS project NORFORNOR).
D) Further follow-up: legal and administrative issues, common
strategy, division of tasks.
E) Outline a draft for proposal to be discussed at the meeting in
Warsaw, Poland in November 2015.
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Meeting of the Expert Group on Nuclear Radiation and Safety (EGNRS) in Tromsø (19-20 May 2015)
Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety
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Meeting of the Expert Group on Nuclear Radiation and Safety (EGNRS) in Tromsø (19-20 May 2015)