andreas wagner stiftung offshore-windenergie (sow) german offshore wind energy foundation (gowef)

Maritime Clusters in Landlocked Countries Prague, 27 April 2009

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Offshore Wind Energy Developments and Future Prospects

New Opportunities for the Maritime Industry

Andreas WagnerStiftung OFFSHORE-WINDENERGIE (SOW)German Offshore Wind Energy Foundation (GOWEF)


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Overview

• Stiftung Offshore Windenergie

• Offshore Wind Development in the EU – Case Study Germany

• alpha ventus - a challenging test site

• Conclusion & Outlook


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1. Stiftung OFFSHORE-WINDENERGIE• German Offshore Wind Energy Foundation (GOWEF)

Created in 2005 (supported by BMU) • Voice of the German offshore wind energy sector• Communication platform for politics, industry, R/D, business and finance • Acquired permits for test site ‚alpha ventus‘ in 2005,

lease agreement with DOTI in Dec. 2006• Mediation and PR activities to overcome obstacles• Promotes public acceptance (e.g. POWER Cluster)• Initiates and contributes to R/D initiatives (e.g. RAVE, WINDSPEED)


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2. Offshore Wind Development in EuropeReady for taking-off

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Ann

ual I

nsta

lled

Cap

acit

y G

W

Belgium

Denmark

Sweden

Germany

UK

Others

Source: Douglas Westwood, 2009

Photo: REpower

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

MW

Annual 4,95 0 0 0 5 0 0 2,75 0 4 60,5 160 259 85 90 198 244 357

Cumulative 4,95 4,95 4,95 4,95 9,95 9,95 9,95 12,7 12,7 16,7 77,2 237 496 582 672 870 1114 1471

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Source: EWEA


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2. Offshore Wind Development in Europe Ready for taking-off

UK:Today: ~ 600 MWTarget: 33 GW (2020)

The Netherlands:Today: ~ 250 MWTarget:: 6 GW (2020)

Belgium:Today: 30 MWTarget: none

France:Today: noneTarget: 6 GW

Denmark:Today: ~ 400 MWTarget:: none, but sites identfied for 4.6 GW

Germany:Today: ~10 MWTarget: 25 GW (2030)

Sweden:Today: ~100 MWTarget: none

Norway:Today: 0 MWTarget:: none, but huge potential in deep waters


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2. Offshore Wind Energy Development in Europe – Growth Potential

New EWEA Target of 230 GW Wind by 2020 (600 TWh/yr - equal to 14-18 % of EU electricity demand)

Includes 40 GW Offshore


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2. Offshore Wind Energy Development European Policy Initiatives

Drivers for Change

• Concern about security of supply (continuity and cost of O&G supplies)• EU Competitiveness policy (Lisbon process)

• Sustainability - EU Energy Climate Change package of 2008, incl. RE Directive)

• Communication on Offshore Wind Com(2008)768 final/2 proposed: - National Action Plans - Regional Cooperation - Transnational offshore grids

• Communication on a Roadmap for Maritime Spatial Planning (Nov. 08)

• EU Coordinator (Mr. Adamowitsch) for Offshore Wind Energy in Northern Europe (Baltic and North Sea) – appointed by Commission


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2. Offshore Wind Energy Development in Germany – Legal Framework

2.1 First Steps and the Government‘s Offshore Strategy of 2002

1997 - First regulatory Basis for Offshore

1999 - First application for an OWP in the EEA (at BSH)

2000 - German Renewable Energy Act (EEG) introduced a special Feed-in Tariff (FIT) for Offshore Wind

2002 – Offshore Wind Strategy of the German GovernmentStepped approach with ultimate goal of 25-30 GW by 2025/30

with Identification of potentially suitable areas in the EEZ (ExclusiveEconomic Zone)BUT Coastal States are in charge of permitting OWPs in 12-seamile-

zone (also grid connection/cables)


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2. Offshore Wind Energy Development in Germany – Legal Framework

2.2 Implementation and Adjustment Phase (2003-2008)

Revision of EEG

• Introduction of a differentiated FIT in 2004 (9.1 ct/kWh for at least 12 years, depending on water depth and distance to shore)

• Adjustment of FIT in 2008 (13 ct/kWh, plus 2 ct/kWh ‚Early Starter Bonus‘ for projects that will start construction by 2015)

Grid Integration

• dena I study published in 2005 (work started in 2003)

• dena II study started in 2007 (publication expected in 2010)

• Infrastrukturplanungsbeschleunigungsgesetz of Dec. 2006 – TSOs obliged to pay for grid connection offshore

BUT E.on and Vattenfall announced sale of high voltage grid (2008)


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2. Offshore Wind Energy Development in Germany - Legal Framework

2.2 Implementation and Adjustment Phase (2003-2008)Permitting

• NATURA 2000 areas reported to EU in 2004/5 (1/3 of total EEA, no FIT)

• Identification of 3 designated Development Areas for OWPs (2005)

• Federal permitting agency BSH established common standards (StUK and StUKplus), 20 OWPs in the EEA already permitted (17 in the North Sea), ~ 8 GW total capacity – Draft proposal for MSP in EEZ (2008)

R&D and Innovation

• Research platform FINO I (2003)

• Increase of R&D budgets for offshore wind (technology and environment)

• Creation of Stiftung Offshore Windenergie in 2005

• FINO II (Baltic Sea) commissioned in 2007, FINO III started in 2008 (N. Sea)

• Installation of four 5 MW prototypes (onshore and nearshore) by 2008


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Proposal for Maritime Spatial Planning in the German North Sea EEZ (draft 2008)


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0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

offshore distance [km]

wat

er d

epth

[m

] North Sea AWZ

Borkum-I

Sylt-I

Sylt-II

Helgoland

Borkum-II

Baltic Sea AWZ

Baltic Sea12 sm zone

North Sea12 sm zone

Inter-national

wind farms

2. Offshore Wind in Germany – Entering a New Dimension

Photo: alpha ventus (Stiftung)

Photo: BARD (Hooksiel)


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2. Offshore Wind Energy Development in Germany

Present Situation • Strong technology base of German wind turbine manufacturers (5 MW class)

BUT most projects far offshore (EEZ, 45-100 km distance to shore)• Proposal for MSP (Maritime Spatial Planning) of 2008;

Intense discussion among stakeholders - revised proposal in spring 09 • Test site alpha ventus expected for completion in 2009,

BARD I starting construction in 2009• More commercial OWPs expected to go online in 2010/11 • Effects of global financial/economic downturn –

Special Financing Provisions for OWP via German KfW, EIB at EU• 6th National Maritime Conference under patronage of Chancellor Merkel

(Rostock, 30-31st Mar 2009) – Separate Workshop on Offshore Wind called for: - solving grid connection issues with TSOs and regulatory authority (BNA) – creation of Offshore Clusters (Plug-in at Sea)- Creation of port infrastructure and closer co-operation with maritime sector- Financial Support via German Recovery Plan- Maritime Spatial Planning, etc.


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3. Test site ‚alpha ventus‘

• A pioneering and challenging project (‘test site’)

• First offshore wind farm in Germany with very special features:- 12 turbines (5 MW each) 60 MW- 60 km to shore, 30 m water depth- 2 WTG manufacturers (Multibrid, REpower)- 2 different foundation concepts (tripod, jacket)- Electricity for 60,000 households (220 GWh/year with 3,700 full load hours)

• 65 km offshore cable connection, across Norderney and Wadden Sea to USW Hagermarsch

• Owned by Stiftung, operated by DOTI (consortium of E.on, EWE, Vattenfall)

• 50 M€ R/D program (RAVE)

Image from FINO I webcam 26/04/09 (provided by GL)


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The offshore wind farm „alpha ventus“

Research Platform,

Measurements since 2003

German Bight

alpha ventus

Pilot Wind Farm 12 x 5 MW built in 2008/9

DEWI

FINO 1


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Snapshots from ‚alpha ventus‘ Construction and installation works

Jacket-Foundation700 tons of steel

Topside 30 m height

Offshore Transformer Station (Sep. 2008)


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REpower 5MPrototype on Jacket,Bremerhaven, 9 Apr. 08

AREVA/Multibrid M5000Prototype 3+4, Bremerhaven, 20 May 08

More snapshots from ‚alpha ventus‘

The Turbines


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4. Conclusion 4.1 Outlook for Offshore Wind in Germany

• Huge potential in the mid and long run - up to 15 % of German electricity consumption by 2030 (85-100 TWh, 25.000 MW)

• Total investment vol of € 75 – 100 bn expected by 2030 (only D)

• New growth opportunity for machine building and maritime industries, new jobs (mainly along the coastline)

• Germany strong in R/D, turbine technology development (5 MW)

BUT

• Challenging external conditions (distance to shore, water depth, economics, infrastructure & logistics, technology solutions, O&M, grid connection and integration)

• Need for more industrial co-operation (regional clustering) on Logistics/ Infrastructure (e.g. ports, maritime sector in D, UK, NL, N) Co-operation on environmental R/D (D, Dk and S since 2007)

• Further European Co-ordination on Spatial Planning/Permitting

• Financing???


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Already 500 Mio. Euro Investments in NW-Germany

Emden/Bremen

Nordenham

Kabel

Bremerhaven

OFFSHORE-BASIS CUXHAVEN

Bremerhaven≈ 250 Mio €

4.1 It‘s Starting Now …


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4.2. Outlook for Europe

Image by Vestas A/S

Ports + Ships

= Clean Power

+ Grids


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Into a Bright Future! Thanks for your attention!

CONTACT: [email protected]

www.offshore-stiftung.de

andreas wagner stiftung offshore-windenergie (sow) german offshore wind energy foundation (gowef)

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