Quantitative Literacy Exam File Fall 2018 Exam #1 In exercises #1 - 5, an argument or advertisement is given. For each exercise, identify one and only one of our fallacies that is exhibited in that argument or advertisement. GIVE A DETAILED EXPLANATION TO JUSTIFY YOUR CHOICE. 1.) "Buy a Yugo. It is more popular in Lithuania than any other car." 2.) "Every time I've worn this hat during a test I've gotten a good grade. I'll wear this

hat on the final so I'll get a good grade on the final." 3.) "Theodore Kaczynski, Georg Cantor and Kurt Godel were all mathematicians and

they were all crazy. Dr. Worth is a mathematician so he must be crazy, too." 4.) "I can't believe you don't support the President's health care plan. You must

want all poor people to die." 5.) "Are you from Arkansas or are you from Montana?"

6.) Construct the truth table for the following. (~p q) p 7.) Draw a Venn diagram to illustrate the following proposition. All fish are dogs and some cats are fish. 8.) The tiles on the floor are one square foot. What is their size in square

centimeters? Be sure to show the use of units. 9.) The following Venn diagram illustrates the makeup of a particular group of

students. "M" denotes "mathematics major," "P" denotes "plays piano," and "G" denotes "refuses to eat grits." "x" and "y" represent particular students. The numbers represent the number of students who fit the categories.

a.) How many students are in the group? b.) How many students are mathematics majors who play the piano? c.) How many psychology majors are in this group? d.) What do we know about student "x?" e.) What do we know about student "y?"

10.) How many centimeters are there in a mile? Be sure to show the use of units. 11.) Tom was driving 60.3 feet per second in a 40 mile per hour zone. Was Tom

speeding? Be sure to show the use of units. 12.) Bob weighs 110 kg. In order to participate in a backpacking trip at Philmont

Scout Ranch he must weigh no more than 215 pounds. Does he qualify for the

hike? If not, how much weight must he lose in order to qualify? Be sure to show the use of units.

13.) What year was it 1,000,000,000 seconds ago? Be sure to show the use of units.

14.) There are 14 blue apples, 12 plaid apples and 5 green apples in a basket. a.) What is the smallest number of apples you would have to take out to be

sure of getting at least three of one kind? b.) What is the smallest number of apples you would have to take out to be

sure of getting at least four plaid apples? c.) What is the smallest number of apples you would have to take out to be

sure of getting at least seven of one kind? 15.) There are 10 rectangular tables in a rectangular room. You must set up the

tables so there are 3 tables against each wall. 16.) There are three consecutive integers. Five times the first plus four times the

second is 13 more than eight times the third. What are the numbers? Exam #2

1.) Estimate the total number of hamburgers eaten each year in the United States.

Be sure to clearly state all of your assumptions. 2.) You start putting money in your retirement fund at age 25. You put in $350 each

month. The interest of 10.15% is compounded monthly. You retire at age 63. a.) Without inserting any numbers, write out the formula that will figure out the

amount of money you will have when you retire. b.) Without doing any simplification, insert all of the numbers into the formula. c.) How much money will you have at age 63?

d.) What is the total of all of your payments? e.) How much interest did your money earn? 3.) A person is interested in finding out the average income of people in Arkadelphia.

In order to do that, he does a survey by asking the annual income of Arkadelphia residents who are shopping at the local Waffle House. Are his results likely to be representative of Arkadelphia? Why or why not?

4.) Maher-Shalal-Hash-Baz started putting money in a college savings account. He wants to have $132,000 in 18 years when his son will be ready for college. The interest rate of 8.5% is compounded quarterly. a.) Without inserting any numbers, write out the formula that will figure out the

amount of money Maher-Shalal-Hash-Baz will have to put in the account each quarter.

b.) Without doing any simplification, insert all of the numbers into the formula. c.) How much money will he have to pay each quarter? d.) What is the total of all of his payments? 5.) The price of a sofa was $780. Two weeks ago the price was dropped 10%. This

week it was dropped 15%. What is the price now? 6.) You are buying a house. After the down payment, you need to borrow $105,000.

You will take out a mortgage to cover the remaining cost of the house. The interest rate for your 30 year mortgage is 3.85% compounded monthly. Throughout the

problem we will ignore escrow payments that might be added to the payment for insurance and taxes. a.) Write the formula you will use to find the monthly payment on this loan. b.) Insert the correct numbers into the formula. c.) What will be your monthly payment?

d.) What will be the total of all of your monthly payments? e.) How much interest will you pay over the life of the loan? 7.) In 2017, Bubba made a salary of $18,592. That was an increase of 12% from his

2016 salary. What was his 2016 salary? 8.) Bob bought a house worth $120,000. Now, after five years he was told the

house's value had gone up 22%. What is the house worth now? 9.) The listed price was $14.95. Tax was 8.25%. What was the total cost? 10.) You put $2500 in a certificate of deposit account for 5 years. It receives 2.5%

interest compounded quarterly. You neither take out any money nor put in any more money. a.) Without inserting any numbers, write out the formula that will figure out the

amount of money you will have after 5 years. b.) Without doing any simplification, insert all of the numbers into the formula. c.) How much money will you have after 5 years?

11.) The following table gives the number of times Dode Paskert was hit by a pitch in the years from 1907-1913. Construct a line graph to represent the data in the table.

1907 2

1908 4

1909 2

1910 3

1911 4

1912 7

1913 3

12.) In 1988, the New York Mets hit 152 home runs as a team. The following chart shows the distribution of home runs broken down by home runs hit by Lenny Dykstra, Mookie Wilson, Kevin Elster, Gary Carter, Keith Hernandez, Howard Johnson, Kevin McReynolds, Darryl Strawberry and "other" players.

Other

Dykstra

Wilson

Elster

Carter

Johnson

McReynolds

Strawberry

Hernandez

a.) The portion of the pie for Darryl Strawberry has an angle of 92.36842. How many home runs did he hit? (note - fractional home runs are not possible)

b.) Three players hit more than 20 home runs. Who were they? c.) How many home runs did Wally Backman hit? d.) Who hit more home runs, Kevin McReynolds or Keith Hernandez?

13.) The following table gives some of the career statistics for Carl Yastrzemski, who played 23 years for the Boston Red Sox.

Year G AB R H 2B 3B HR RBI SB BB BA OBP TB

1961 148 583 71 155 31 6 11 80 6 50 .266 .324 231

1962 160 646 99 191 43 6 19 94 7 66 .296 .363 303

1963 151 570 91 183 40 3 14 68 8 95 .321 .418 271

1964 151 567 77 164 29 9 15 67 6 75 .289 .374 256

1965 133 494 78 154 45 3 20 72 7 70 .312 .395 265

1966 160 594 81 165 39 2 16 80 8 84 .278 .368 256

1967 161 579 112 189 31 4 44 121 10 91 .326 .418 360

1968 157 539 90 162 32 2 23 74 13 119 .301 .426 267

1969 162 603 96 154 28 2 40 111 15 101 .255 .362 306

1970 161 566 125 186 29 0 40 102 23 128 .329 .452 335

1971 148 508 75 129 21 2 15 70 8 106 .254 .381 199

1972 125 455 70 120 18 2 12 68 5 67 .264 .357 178

1973 152 540 82 160 25 4 19 95 9 105 .296 .407 250

1974 148 515 93 155 25 2 15 79 12 104 .301 .414 229

1975 149 543 91 146 30 1 14 60 8 87 .269 .371 220

1976 155 546 71 146 23 2 21 102 5 80 .267 .357 236

1977 150 558 99 165 27 3 28 102 11 73 .296 .372 282

1978 144 523 70 145 21 2 17 81 4 76 .277 .367 221

1979 147 518 69 140 28 1 21 87 3 62 .270 .346 233

1980 105 364 49 100 21 1 15 50 0 44 .275 .350 168

1981 91 338 36 83 14 1 7 53 0 49 .246 .338 120

1982 131 459 53 126 22 1 16 72 0 59 .275 .358 198

1983 119 380 38 101 24 0 10 56 0 54 .266 .359 155

totals 3308 11988 1816 3419 646 59 452 1844 168 1845 .285 .379 5539

a.) In how many seasons did Yastrzemski hit at least 40 doubles (2B)? b.) What was Yastrzemski's highest on base percentage (OBP)? c.) What is the most consecutive years in which Yastrzemski played in more

than 150 games (G)? d.) Yastrzemski finished his career with exactly one more walk (BB) than run

batted in (RBI). In how many years did he have more runs batted in than walks?

14.) The following chart shows Tom Seaver's strikeout totals for each year of his career.

0

100

200

300

400

196

7

196

8

196

9

197

0

197

1

197

2

197

3

197

4

197

5

197

6

197

7

197

8

197

9

198

0

198

1

198

2

198

3

198

4

198

5

198

6

a.) What was the most strikeouts Seaver had in any year? What year? b.) What is the most consecutive years Seaver struck out at least 200

batters? (This happens to be the all-time major league record.) c.) In 1977, Seaver was traded during the season from the Mets to the Reds

(one of the most bone-headed trades in major league history). How many of his strikeouts that year were while he was pitching with the Mets?

d.) In how many of his 20 seasons did Seaver strike out fewer than 100 batters?

Exam #3 1.) You roll two dice. What is the probability the sum of the numbers is less than

10? 2.) Consider the eight letters G, H, I, J, K, M, L, and N. For our purposes, a "word"

is ANY arrangement of letters. a.) How many four letter "words" can be made from these letters if repetitions

are allowed? b.) How many four letter "words" can be made from these letters if no

repetitions are allowed? 3.) You are coaching a little league baseball team. You have fourteen players. You

are choosing a defensive arrangement involving the nine positions (pitcher, catcher, first baseman, second baseman, shortstop, third baseman, left fielder, center fielder, right fielder). a.) Is this a permutations problem, a combinations problem, or neither? b.) How many different defensive arrangements can you pick?

4.) The following chart gives a breakdown of some people in a class. Answer the following questions based on the chart.

Male Female Totals

Freshmen 12 9 21

Sophomores 15 14 29

Juniors 8 7 15

Seniors 4 3 7

Totals 39 33 72

A student is chosen at random. a.) What is the probability the student is male? b.) What is the probability the student is a female sophomore? c.) What is the probability the student is a sophomore? d.) What is the probability the student is a male or a sophomore?

5.) Explain the difference between exponential and linear models. 6.) You decide to order off of the menu at Bubba's All You Can Stomach Exotic

Animal Eatery instead of ordering the buffet. The menu lists 11 appetizers, eight salads, five soups, eight side dishes, 32 types of entrées, 16 non-alcoholic beverages and 12 types of desserts. If you order one of each kind of item, how many different meals could you order?

7.) The most expensive item on the menu at Bubba's All You Can Stomach Exotic Animal Eatery is the Hedge Hog-ka-bob. The following chart shows how many people ordered the Hedge Hog-ka-bob last week.

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

6 4 2 4 8 12

Find the following WITHOUT USING YOUR CALCULATOR AT ALL AND YOU MUST GIVE SOME INDICATION OF HOW YOU FOUND THE NUMBER.

a.) Find the mean. b.) Find the median. c.) Find the mode. 8.) Bubba's All You Can Stomach Exotic Animal Eatery has a take-out special on

Tuesdays. The items in Group A are cow brains, pickled pig's feet, buzzard gizzards and roasted armadillo feet. The items in Group B are elephant ears, platypus burgers, grilled arachnid salad, Wyoming clam chowder and fried ferret. The special allows you to order two different items from Group A and two different items from Group B. How many different ways can you pick your order?

9.) Every April 1st, Bubba's All You Can Stomach Exotic Animal Eatery holds its annual Possum Paw Eating Contest. This chart lists the leading competitors from the men's division. Use your calculator to answer the following questions.

Competitor Possum Paws Eaten

Archibald 228

Bubba, Jr. 258

Claude 249

Dexter 209

Elhanan 310

Fineas* 223

Gideon 249

Hector 222

Ichabod 208

Jochabed 225

Keokuk 250

Laban 214

Mephibosheth 221

Naphtali 234

Ollie 238

Percival 216

Queequeg 329

Roland 383

Sylvester 367

Theobald 249

Ulysses 251

Valdemar 254

Wolfgang 329

Xerxes 318

Yeshepheh 297

Zerubbabel 216

* yes, I know it's usually spelled Phineas

a.) For these competitors, what is the mean number of possum paws eaten?

b.) For these competitors, what is

the median number of possum paws eaten?

c.) For these competitors, what is

the mode number of possum paws eaten?

10.) Bubba's All You Can Stomach Exotic Animal Eatery has a Chef's Surprise Special on Wednesdays. The chef has a bucket containing eight possums, four road-runners, six armadillos and five rattlesnakes. For the special, he reaches into the bucket and pulls out two creatures and then fries them for you. What is the probability that he pulls out two possums?

11.) The first month Bubba's All You Can Stomach Exotic Animal Eatery was open they had 650 customers. Each month since then the number of customers has gone up 4.8%. Bubba's All You Can Stomach Exotic Animal Eatery has now been open five years. How many customers do they get each month now?

12.) Desdemona and Imogene are servers at Bubba's All You Can Stomach Exotic Animal Eatery. One or the other is going to have to work on Friday but both want to go the barn dance instead. They decide to flip three coins. If more heads than tails come up, then Desdemona has to work on Friday. Otherwise Imogene has to work. a.) Draw a tree diagram to illustrate flipping the three coins. b.) What is the probability that Desdemona is going to have to work on

Friday? 13.) If f(x) = 2x2 + 3x - 4, find the following. a.) f(-1) b.) f(2) c.) f(a) d.) f(x + 1) Exam #4 1.) A note has a frequency of 360 cycles per second. Find the frequency of the note

that is 3 half-steps above our note. 2.) A note has a frequency of 360 cycles per second. Find the frequency of the note

that is 4 half-steps below our note. 3.) A note has a frequency of 360 cycles per second. Find the frequency of the note

that is one octave above our note. 4.) A note has a frequency of 360 cycles per second. Find the frequency of the note

that is one octave below our note. 5.) A note has a frequency of 360 cycles per second. Find the frequency of the note

that is three octaves above our note. 6.) Draw a section of tile hallway (include the walls), with four rows of four tiles each,

that illustrates the idea of vanishing points. Identify the principal vanishing point and two other vanishing points.

7.) Consider the following shapes.

For each type of symmetry below, list the shapes that have that kind of symmetry. Some may fit more than one symmetry.

a.) symmetry around a horizontal line through the middle of the shape b.) symmetry around a vertical line through the middle of the shape c.) rotational symmetry d.) none of the above symmetries

8.) A Fibonacci-like sequence has a first term of 1 and a second term of 8. Find the: a.) third term b.) fourth term c.) fifth term d.) sixth term 9.) Explain the difference between votes that are decided by majority vote and those

decided by plurality vote. 10.) Give examples of two elections that require a super-majority vote. Be sure to

give the percentage required in each vote. 11.) Explain how a Borda Count works. Give an example of something that is done

with a Borda Count. 12.) Consider a country consisting of 5 states with populations given below. If the

country's legislature is to have 120 members, find the standard divisor and fill in the table below.

Standard Divisor =

State Population Standard Quota

# of representatives state "should" get

# of representatives you will give state

A 6,305,331

B 6,305,332

C 1,815

D 19,886,060

E 10,334,549

Total Population

42,833,087

13.) Find the area and perimeter of the following triangle. Assume all units are in centimeters.

14.) A cylindrical storage drum has a height of 4 feet and a diameter of one yard. Find the volume and surface area. GIVE AT LEAST 4 PLACES TO THE RIGHT OF THE DECIMAL POINT!!

15.) The window below is shaped like a rectangle with a semi-circle on top. What are the area and perimeter of the window? GIVE AT LEAST 4 PLACES TO THE RIGHT OF THE DECIMAL POINT!!

Final Exam 1.) In the following statement, a logical fallacy is exhibited. Identify one of our

fallacies that is exhibited. Give a good explanation justifying your answer. "I saw four people this morning who turned without using turn signals. Must be that no one in Arkansas knows how to use a turn signal."

2.) You are planning to carpet your living room which is a rectangle that measures 15 feet x 16 feet. How much will it cost if the carpet you want is $15.99 per square yard. Be sure to show all of your work.

3.) How many inches are in one kilometer? Be sure to show all of your work. 4.) Bubba's salary was $400 per week. Last month he received a 10% pay raise.

This month he received another 15% pay raise. What is Bubba's salary now? Be sure to show all of your work.

5.) Bubba's friend, Billy Bob, got a 7% pay raise. He is now making $374.50 per week. What was Billy Bob's salary before the pay raise? Be sure to show all of your work.

6.) You are buying a house. After the down payment, you need to borrow $125,000. You will take out a mortgage to cover the remaining cost of the house. The interest rate for your 30 year mortgage is 3.25% compounded monthly. Throughout the problem we will ignore escrow payments that might be added to the payment for insurance and taxes. a.) WITHOUT SUBSTITUTING IN ANY NUMBERS, write the formula you will

use to find the monthly payment on this loan. b.) WITHOUT SIMPLIFYING ANYTHING, insert the correct numbers into the

formula. c.) What will be your monthly payment?

d.) How much interest will you pay over the life of the loan? 7.) A poll is being conducted by using a billboard to invite people to go to a web site

to participate in the poll. Discuss any sources of bias or any other problems associated with this poll.

8.) The following chart, downloaded from http://www.bis.doc.gov/, shows U.S. raw steel production and iron ore consumption from 1991-2000. Use the chart to answer the questions that appear below the chart. Be sure to use correct units in all of your answers.

a.) How much raw steel was produced in the United States in 1993?

b.) In what year (from 1991-2000) was U. S. iron ore consumption the highest? How much was it?

c.) In how many years (from 1991-2000) did raw steel production decrease from the previous year? List any year(s) when this occurred.

d.) Which year (from 1991-2000) showed the lowest level of iron ore consumption in the U. S.? How much was it?

9.) The following chart shows the major league leaders in pitching wins from 1964. Find the quantities listed below the chart.

Jim Bouton 18 Jim Maloney 15

Bob Bruce 15 Juan Marichal 21

Bob Buhl 15 Claude Osteen 15

Wally Bunker 19 Jim O'Toole 17

Jim Bunning 19 Milt Pappas 16

Dean Chance 20 Camilo Pascual 15

Tony Cloninger 19 Gary Peters 20

Don Drysdale 18 Juan Pizarro 19

Whitey Ford 17 Dick Radatz 16

Bob Gibson 19 Ray Sadecki 20

Larry Jackson 24 Chris Short 17

Jim Kaat 17 Curt Simmons 18

Sandy Koufax 19 Bob Veale 18

Denny Lemaster 17 Dave Wickersham 19

Mickey Lolich 18

a.) mean b.) median c.) mode d.) maximum 10.) From 1914 to 2014, the United States has seen an average annual inflation rate

of 3.2332009%. If a loaf of bread cost five cents in 1914, and inflation was the only thing that affected the price of bread, what would a loaf of bread cost in 2014? Show all of your work.

11.) In the following statement, a logical fallacy is exhibited. Identify one of our fallacies that is exhibited. Give a good explanation justifying your answer. "I read the other day that most people really like the new gun control laws. I was sort of suspicious of them, but I guess if most people like them, then they must be okay." (from http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/)

12.) In the following statement, a logical fallacy is exhibited. Identify one of our fallacies that is exhibited. Give a good explanation justifying your answer. "Dr. Worth, you can't give me an 'F' in this class. If you give me an F my GPA will drop to 2.9 and I have to have a 3.0 to keep my scholarship."

13.) Convert 45 miles per hour to feet per second. 14.) The following table gives the leaders in triples for the 1913 Detroit Tigers. Draw

a bar graph that illustrates the data. Baldy Louden 5

Bobby Veach 10

Del Gainer 8

Donie Bush 10

Paddy Baumann 4

Red McKee 4

Sam Crawford 23

Ty Cobb 16

15.) This chart shows some of the career statistics for Jimmie Foxx.

Year Team G AB R H 2B 3B HR RBI AVG OBP SLG

1925 Athletics 10 9 2 6 1 0 0 0 .667 .667 .778

1926 Athletics 26 32 8 10 2 1 0 5 .313 .333 .438

1927 Athletics 61 130 23 42 6 5 3 20 .323 .393 .515

1928 Athletics 118 400 85 131 29 10 13 79 .328 .416 .548

1929 Athletics 149 517 123 183 23 9 33 118 .354 .463 .625

1930 Athletics 153 562 127 188 33 13 37 156 .335 .429 .637

1931 Athletics 139 515 93 150 32 10 30 120 .291 .380 .567

1932 Athletics 154 585 151 213 33 9 58 169 .364 .469 .749

1933 Athletics 149 573 125 204 37 9 48 163 .356 .449 .703

1934 Athletics 150 539 120 180 28 6 44 130 .334 .449 .653

1935 Athletics 147 535 118 185 33 7 36 115 .346 .461 .636

1936 Red Sox 155 585 130 198 32 8 41 143 .338 .440 .631

1937 Red Sox 150 569 111 162 24 6 36 127 .285 .392 .538

1938 Red Sox 149 565 139 197 33 9 50 175 .349 .462 .704

1939 Red Sox 124 467 130 168 31 10 35 105 .360 .464 .694

1940 Red Sox 144 515 106 153 30 4 36 119 .297 .412 .581

1941 Red Sox 135 487 87 146 27 8 19 105 .300 .412 .505

1942 Red Sox/Cubs 100 305 43 69 12 0 8 33 .226 .320 .344

1944 Cubs 15 20 0 1 1 0 0 2 .050 .136 .100

1945 Phillies 89 224 30 60 11 1 7 38 .268 .336 .420

20 Years 2,317 8,134 1,751 2,646 458 125 534 1,922 .325 .428 .609

a.) What was Foxx's highest batting average (denoted AVG) in a year when

he had more than 100 at bats (denoted AB)? b.) How many times did Foxx hit more than 50 homers (denoted HR)? In

what year(s)? c.) What is the most consecutive years Foxx slugging percentage (denoted

SLG) was at least .600? d.) In 1942, Foxx played for both the Red Sox and the Cubs. How many

home runs did he hit for the Red Sox that year? 16.) The following chart shows the doubles, triples and home runs for all National

Leaguers with at least 10 triples in 1937. Answer the questions below.

0102030405060

Joe

Me

dw

ick

Jo-J

o M

oo

re

Bill

y H

erm

an

Gen

e M

oo

re

Gu

s Su

hr

Do

n G

utt

eri

dge

Ival

Go

od

man

Au

gie

Gal

an

Lee

Han

dle

y

Bill

y Ju

rges

Al T

od

d

Ark

y V

augh

an

2B

3B

HR

a.) Of these players, which one had the most doubles in 1937? How many did he have?

b.) Who led the National League in home runs in 1937? c.) Who led the National League in triples in 1937? d.) How many of these players had at least 10 home runs in 1937?

17.) You put $3200 in a certificate of deposit account. It receives 3.25% interest compounded quarterly. You neither take out any money nor put in any more money. a.) Write out the formula that will figure out the amount of money you will

have after 3 years without any of the numbers inserted. b.) Write out the formula that will figure out the amount of money you will

have after 3 years with all of the numbers inserted. c.) How much money will you have after 3 years?

18.) You start putting money in your retirement fund at age 27. You put in $300 each month. The interest of 10.16% is compounded monthly. a.) Without inserting any numbers, write out the formula that will figure out the

amount of money you will have if you retire at age 62. b.) Without doing any simplification, insert all of the numbers into the formula.

c.) How much money will you have at age 62? d.) What is the total of all of your payments? 19.) The following table shows the leaders in triples for the 1962 New York Mets.

Charlie Neal 9 Without using your calculator, find the following. Be sure to show or explain how you got each answer. a.) mean b.) median c.) mode d.) maximum

Elio Chacon 3

Felix Mantilla 4

Frank Thomas 3

Marv Throneberry 3

Richie Ashburn 3

20.) A box contains eight jelly beans, five peeps, and three Tasmanian Devils. a.) You reach into the box and remove an item. You reach into the box again

and remove another item. What is the probability you got two jelly beans? b.) You reach into the box and remove an item. You note what it is and put it

back. Then you reach into the box again and remove another item. What is the probability you got a peep first, then a Tasmanian Devil?

21.) You roll two standard six sided dice. What is the probability you get a sum greater than 9?

22.) You have a class of 25 second graders. You are going to have them form a committee with a president, vice-president, secretary, treasurer, and refreshment coordinator. How many different committees can you form?

23.) In Bubbaville, 19.4% of the 2500 people own at least two hound dogs. How many of the people in Bubbaville own at least two hound dogs?

24.) A cylindrical storage drum has a height of 2 feet and a diameter of one yard. Find the volume and surface area. Give at least four places to the right of the decimal point.

25.)

A.) There are 45 socks in a drawer. They are all identical except for color. Ten of them are green, 12 of them are blue, three of them are plaid, 16 of them are brown and four of them are black. i.) How many socks must you take from the drawer to be sure you

have a matching pair of socks? ii.) How many socks must you take from the drawer to be sure you

have a matching pair of plaid socks? B.) Seventy-five people ate dinner at "Billy Bob's All You Can Stomach Exotic

Animal Eatery" last night. Sixty-five of them ate squid. Fifty-three of them ate platypus. Forty-eight of them ate earthworm cookies. What is the fewest number of people who must have eaten all three of squid, platypus and earthworm cookies?