And if you look at this And if you look at this problem from the other problem from the other

side? side? My fresh opinion on My fresh opinion on

unemploymentunemployment..

Performed: Milkina Elena,

Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod

I decided to pay your attention to such a social problem as unemployment. The situation on the labour market has aggravated in the conditions of an economic crisis in the country and in the Nizhniy Novgorod region.

So, in 2009 the level of registered unemployment has grown more than three times in Nizhni Novgorod in comparison with 2008.

Considering sharp negative social consequences of the unemployment, this problem is a studying subject in social work. State activity on struggle against unemployment does not lead to situation improvement. Therefore it is necessary to develop such system of measures which would promote qualitative change of a situation.

First of all it is necessary to analyze all possible reasons of unemployment because the influence only on the economic reasons does not lead to its considerable reduction. It is possible to assume, that the global economic crisis is not only and, it is possible, not the main reason of unemployment in the country.

To answer this question, I made a research at the Center for Employment of one of districts of Nizhny Novgorod in February 2010.

On the base of the results including monitoring the work of specialists and institutions data plus biographical interviews with the unemployed asking a job help, one can distinguish two kinds of reasons for unemployment, which would be appropriated to be called as "external" and "internal".

““External” causes External” causes those which are caused by the features of a

market economy, or are a consequence of some social shortcomings. They do not depend on ordinary people, and people can not affect them.

A striking example is the global economic crisis.

Mass layoffs of people led to the fact that employment centers are overcrowded by the "new" unemployed.

The "New" they can be called according to the fact that many people have important qualities that employers require, such as higher education and work experience, but even they with their high professional qualifications are forced to receive only an unemployment compensation.

““Internal” causesInternal” causesOne can call them “internal”

because of their appearance of the people themselves.

They are linked to people’s traits & there lifestyles. This so-called a "conception of individual guilt."

““Internal”Internal” causescauses

For such reasons may be included: different types of addiction. life circumstances health problems people’s traits bad luck. psychological causes.lack of education.

different types of addiction One example is about one of the respondents -

Dmitry, by name 37 years old, divorced & has a daughter of 13 years old. After the failure of their own business, he became addicted to alcohol, his wife left him, now they practically do not interact, and he even stronger drinks often refers to the employment service, because he is consistently sacked from work due to alcohol dependence.

life circumstances (marriage the child’s birth, so people often drop

work out, and later because of the lack of education can not find jobs, moving to another city and etc).

For example, the above-named Dmitri did not receive education due to the fact that he married because of the pregnancy of his girlfriend, and then he didn’t have enough time for studies & he had a lack of material resources .

health problems (both the unemployed and members of his

family, for whom care is required). For example, Tamara, 50 years old, married,

2 children, secondary education. Thanks to the employment service she was arranged to work as a streetcar conductor, but because of the health reasons she had to retire. Here's what she said:

"Due to the constant noise I had a heatache &the doctors warned of a possible manifestation of asthma. I even dislocated my leg! It seems simple work, but I couldn’t do it."

Or the situation of Catherine, 52, a widow, specialized secondary education. The woman has a disabled son, so it is important for her to find a job close to home, with a schedule that allows care of her son & it makes the problem difficult.

character traits of people (self-will, weakness of character, pride, desire to get

"all at once, inflated claims for work). Most often this it can be seen among young people.

Irina, 25 years old, not married, no children, lives with her parents, specialized secondary education. The Girl hasn’t had work for a year:

"Everywhere is very small salary - 3-4 th, after all I would like to get at least 7.6 thousand."

Tatiana, 21 years old, not married, no children, lives with her parents, secondary education. In the center of employment she was offered a vacancy in a manicure salon, but she refused, because Tatiana did not accept the kind of work (to make a simple manicure). She wished, she said, "something more interesting". This is despite the fact that she had only secondary education and no experience. Before, she studied in college, but dropped it again on the reason that it was uninteresting.

Bad luck Indirectly, it can be attributed to

the peculiarities of character, but I would single it out as a separate cause.

An example of Ludmila. She was 44 years old, a widow with a daughter, specialized secondary education. During her lifetime, the woman change a jobs frequently: sometimes then she suddenly was sacked the firm "collapsed", then she was lied by the employers.

Psychological causes. They Most appear when a person

can’t find a job for a long time. For example, Anatoly, 56 years

old, married, 2 children, has a higher education. The Man was? cut in the time of crisis from the enterprise where he had worked for 28 years. He tried to find work on his own, but everywhere he was refused. As he said, "yes, how can I find a good job at my age."

Lack of education. The latter may be as a consequence of

both internal and external causes. If it is the lack of financial resources in the family to get a quality education, then this reason would more likely be attributed to outside due to the fact that it is typical for a large number of people and became a feature of our society. Thus, the majority of respondents who did not have higher education, referred to its inaccessibility. On the other hand, lack of education may be due to the reluctance of people to learn, and this is an internal reason.

For example, above I talked about a girl, Tatiana, 21, who admitted that she gave up college of her own, because she was not interested to learn.

The special Feature of the “internal” causes of unemployment in that they can not be solved only through the provision of such services, as training, retraining, skill development, organized by the employment centers.

Here it is necessary to carry out so called "case management". Its main purpose will be personality development and increase the chance of social integration of people with difficulties in finding a job.

A specialist in the sphere of social work at the same time will use various technologies and methods, depending on the characteristics of the particular case.

talk with the aim of understanding the needs and opportunities of the client and further developing a plan to provide assistance

advice about how legal rights and obligations, and, for example, consulting the "household" plan (planning costs, reduce debt). Psychological consultation

the Use of group work (in some cases only). For example, training.

Rehabilitation The Telephone “hotline” Intermediary services (between the client and the

employment center, for example, another agency (Social and Rehabilitation Center for the Disabled)

It should be noted that the possible interaction can be used by a social worker with other professionals (psychologists, doctors), Producing the so-called "exchange of experience." This is necessary not only to develop a work plan together, but for the fact is should be the useful for development of the client's situation.

Such work can be organized. It could be a separate office at the employment service, or just a specialist, whose task will be work with the unemployed, who are unable to find jobs by traditional methods.

Thus, we are talking about the client's organization and resource-centric institutional support for the unemployed with special needs in employment, on the resolution of their background and psychosocial crises.

The purpose of such employment-based case-management is an approximation of the person to the labour market to such an extent that his ability and opportunity to seek employment and work are the same as other people who do not need the help of professionals.