APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTALMICROBIOLOGY

VOLUME 33 * NUMBER 6 * JUNE 1977

EDITORIAL BOARDMARVIN P. BRYANT, Editor-in-Chief (1981)

University of Illinois, UrbanaR. H. DEIBEL, Editor (1981) MARTIN S. FAVERO, Editor (1980)University of Wisconsin, Madison Center for Disease Control, Phoenix, Ariz.

JAMES M. TIEDJE, Editor (1979)A. L. DEMAIN, Editor (1981) Michigan State University,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge East Lansing

Bernard J. Abbott (1977)Martin Alexander (1977)Milton J. Allison (1977)Richard Bartha (1979)Robert T. Belly (1978)Martha D. Berliner (1977)Jerome Birnbaum (1979)Thomas L. Bott (1977)Charles Boylen (1979)Lee A. Bufla, Jr. (1977)Lloyd B. Bullerman (1977)Victor Cabelli (1979)WUiam R. Chesbro (1979)Tom D. Y. Chin (1977)Alex Ciegler (1977)Rita R. Colwefl (1977)Richard A. Consigli (1979)Charles Cooney (1979)Joseph J. Cooney (1977)Jacob A. Donkerdoot (1979)Charles L. Duncan (1979)Richard Elander (1979)Beatrice England (1977)Jerald C. Ensign (1977)James J. Ferris (1977)Carl B. Fliermans (1978)

Heinz G. Floss (1977)Dennis Focht (1979)Edwin E. Geldreich (1979)Charles T. Godbue (1977)John M. Goepfert (1979)Richard E. Goldstrand (1979)Robert D. Hamilton (1979)Richard S. Hanson (1978)Paul A. Hartman (1977)Melvin T. Hatch (1978)Charles Hendricks (1977)Clifford W. Hesseltne (1977)Lillian V. Holdeman (1979)David H. Hubbell (1978)John J. landolo (1977)M. B. Ingle (1979)Holger W. Jannasch (1978)Donald E. Jenen (1977)Edward Katz (1979)Donald A. Klein (1978)Michael J. Klug (1977)Roger Knowles (1979)Barbara D. Lago (1977)Paul Lemke (1979)John Liston (1977)

Robert Mah (1977)Joseph L. Melnick (1977)Thomas L. Miler (1979)Eldor A. Paul (1977)W. J. Payne (1979)Antonio H. Romano (1977)E. L. Schmidt (1977)Oldrich K. Sebek (1977)John McN. Sieburth (1978)Anthony J. Sinskey (1979)Peter Safliy (1978)WiUliam H. Sperber (1977)James T. Staley (1977)Mortimer P. Starr (1978)Guenther Stotzky (1977)Jon H. Tultle (1977)Carl Vanderzant (1979)Donald Vesley (1978)Claude Vezina (1979)D. I. C. Wang (1978)Fred D. Williams (1977)R.Pr.Williams (1978)G. N. Wogan (1977)Alan G. Wolin (1977)William Yotis (1979)

Robert A. Day, Managing EditorGisela Pollock, Assistant Managing Editor

Cheryl Cross, Production Editor1913 I St., N. W., Washington, D.C. 20006

EX OFFICIOHarlyn 0. Halvorson, President (1976-1977)

J. Mehsen Joseph, Secretary

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, a publication ofthe American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I St., N.W.,Washington, D.C. 20006, is devoted to the advancement anddissemination of applied knowledge as well as ecologicalknowledge, both applied and fundamental, concerning micro-organisms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology is pub-lished monthly, two volumes per year. The nonmember sub-scription price is $60 per year. The member subscriptionprice is $14 per year. Single copies are $6.00. Correspond-ence relating to subscriptions, nonreceipt of journals, reprints,

A. Frederick Rasmussen, Jr., Vice-President(1976-1977)Brinton M. Miler, Treasurer

defective copies, availability of back issues, and lost or lateproofs should be directed to the ASM Publications Office,1913 I St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006 (area 202-833-9680).

Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C. 20006, and atadditional mailing offices. Made in the United States ofAmerica.Copyright 0 1977, American Society for Microbiology.All Rights Reserved.

Author IndexAtlas, R. M., 1252

Bagadi, H. O., 1287

Cavari, B. Z., 1237Clausen, Elizabeth M.,

1259Crawford, Don L., 1247Crawford, Ronald L., 1247

Dehority, B. A., 1278

Gatenbeck, Sten, 1275Gill, C. O., 1284

Gilliland, S. E., 1289Green, Barbara L., 1259

Hang, Y. D., 1293Heritage, A. D., 1295Hokby, Elvy, 1275Horowitz, A., 1252Hult, Karl, 1275Hungate, R. E., 1270

Litsky, Warren, 1259

McMeekin, T. A., 1244MacRae, I. C., 1295

Ohwaki, Kyoko, 1270

Penney, N., 1284Phelps, G., 1237Pometto, Anthony L., III,

1247

Speck, M. L., 1289

Tsuji, Kiyoshi, 1265

Wachtel, Ruth E., 1265Woodams, E. E., 1293

APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTALMICROBIOLOGY

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

Correspondence. Submit manuscripts in duplicate(original and one copy) to ASM Publications Office,1913 I St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006. A $35check or money order (non-refundable) must accom-pany the manuscript to cover handling costs. Institu-tional purchase orders will be accepted, but the authoris requested to utilize this procedure only if problemsare encountered in getting reimbursement from theauthor's institution. We solicit your cooperation in thiseffort to hold down the cost of administration.

General policy. Any manuscript submitted must bea report of unpublished original research, which is notbeing considered for publication elsewhere. Eachmanuscript should present the results of an indepen-dent, cohesive study; numbered "series" papers arediscouraged. When a submitted manuscript is judgedto be more appropriate for the subject scope of oneof the other ASM journals, the Editors will transferit to that journal for consideration, so notifying theauthor. In borderline cases, the preference of theauthor will be considered, but the final decision restswith the respective Editors and the Chairman of theASM Publications Board.The "editorial style" of Applied and Environmental

Microbiology essentially follows the CBE Style Man-ual (3rd ed., AIBS, 1972). Genetics symbols shouldessentially follow the recommendations of Demerecet al. (Genetics 54:61, 1966). Biochemical nomencla-ture, including abbreviations and symbols, should fol-low the recommendations of the IUPAC-IUB Com-mission on Biochemical Nomenclature (CBN) and theinstructions to Authors of J. Biol. Chem. and Arch.Biochem. Biophys. (first issue of each year), whichare based upon the CBN Recommendations and con-tain a list thereof. Reprints of these Recommendationsand advice on biochemical and chemical nomenclatureare available from the NRC Office of BiochemicalNomenclature (W. E. Cohn, Director), Biology Divi-sion, Oak Ridge Nat'l. Lab., Box Y, Oak Ridge, Tenn.37830 (phone: 615-8611, ext. 3-7514). Normally,abbreviations (except those of standard units of meas-urement and symbols of the elements) should be de-fined and introduced parenthetically at first use in thetext. Enzyme activities should be expressed in theterms set out in CBN's Enzyme Nomenclature (1972)(Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co.). Lengths, weights,volumes and molarities should make use of the pre-fixes m, ,u, n, and p (for 10-3, 10-6, 10-9, and 10-12,respectively), where applicable, avoiding such com-pound prefixes as m,u and gLg. Metric units should beemployed as much as possible. The Editors reservethe privilege of editing manuscripts to make them con-form to the above-mentioned stylistic conventions.Form of manuscript. All parts of the manuscript

should be typed double-space or, preferably, triple-space. Most manuscripts can and should be dividedinto the following sections: Abstract, Introduction,Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Ac-knowledgments, and Literature Cited. Only oneweight of heading (paragraph lead-in) should be usedwithin each section.

Title. A single statement of the subject of a paper ispreferred to a main title-subtitle arrangement. A shortversion of the title (no more than 46 characters andspaces) should be supplied for use as a running head.

Abstract. An abstract appears at the beginning ofeach paper. The abstract should not exceed 200words.

Literature Cited. In the text, references are cited bynumber. The Literature Cited section should be typedin alphabetical order, by first author, and numbered.

Each reference should include the title of the articleand inclusive pagination. Names of journals are abbre-viated according to Bibliographic Guide for Editors &Authors (American Chemical Society, 1974). Litera-ture citations should be restricted to closely pertinentpapers. Citations of abstracts, theses, "unpublisheddata," "personal communications," and "in press" willnot be accepted in the Literature Cited.

Tables. Each table should be typed on a separatepage. The data should be arranged so that columns oflike material read down, not across. The headingsshould be sufficiently clear so that the meaning of thedata will be understandable without reference to thetext. Explanatory footnotes are permitted, but de-tailed descriptions of the experiments are not. Thematerials and methods used to gain the data shouldproperly remain in the section of that name.

Figures. A complete set of figures, preferablyglossy photographs, should accompany each of thetwo copies of the manuscript. Graphs (submit asphotographs) should be finished drawings not needingfurther artwork or type-setting. Absolutely no part ofa graph should be typewritten (except the legend,which should be typed on a separate page). Each fig-ure should be numbered and should include the nameof the author, either in the margin or on the back(marked lightly with a soft pencil). All lettering shouldbe done with a lettering set. Most graphs will be re-duced to 6.6 cm in width, and all elements in the draw-ing should be prepared to withstand this reduction.The legend of the figure should provide enough infor-mation so that the figure is understandable withoutreference to the text. Experimental details fromMaterials and Methods should not be repeated infigure legends.

Nomenclature of microorganisms. In general, thenomenclature for bacteria presented in Bergey'sManual of Determinative Bacteriology (8th ed., 1974)is used. If an author challenges this nomenclature, hisown judgment will be followed, but the name in Ber-gey's Manual should follow in parentheses the firsttime the name is used in the text and in the Abstract.Papers which include extensive taxonomic material(e.g., description of new taxa) will not be published inthis journal. The proper place for publication of taxo-nomic material is the International Journal of Syste-matic Bacteriology (IJSB), which is published by theASM for the International Association of Microbio-logical Societies. If the main thrust of such a paper isnot taxonomy, the paper should be divided, thetaxonomy portion being submitted to IJSB and theother portion to this journal.

Notes. The accepted form for Notes is somewhatdifferent from the foregoing. Contributors should con-sult a recent issue of Applied and EnvironmentalMicrobiology for style. Notes should not exceed 500words. The abstract should not exceed 25 words.

Copyright. Once a paper has been published inApplied and Environmental Microbiology, which is acopyrighted publication, the legal ownership of allparts of the paper, including the illustrations, haspassed from the author to ASM. If the same author, orany author, wishes to republish material previouslypublished in Applied and Environmental Microbi-ology, he must first receive written permission fromASM.

Reprints. Reprints (in multiples of 100) may be pur-chased by contributors. A table showing the cost ofreprints, and an order form, will be sent with theproof.

INDEX TO ADVERTISERSPage

* American Optical Corp. ............................................... Cover 3

Ames &Co............................................................ 9

* Analytab Products ..................................................... Cover 2

Charles Thomas Publishers .................................................13

* Difco Laboratories ..................................................... Cover 4

* Gelman InstrumentCo..................................................... 14

Impandex,Inc............................................................ 12

* New Brunswick ScientificCo................................................11

Stuart Pharmaceuticals ...............................................5, 6, 7, 8

* Sustaining Member, American Society for Microbiology.

Advertising in this journal is limited to products and services believed to be of interest to the readers. However,ASM does not test nor examine advertised products nor claims related thereto. Therefore, ASM endorsement or approval ofadvertised products should not be inferred.

IMPORTANT DISCUSSIONS ABOUTA VIABLE ALTERNATIVE-

BACULOVIRUSES FORINSECT PEST CONTROL: ifa .Safety Considerations $J&Editors: Max D. Summers, Reto Engler, Louis A. Falcon, Patrick VailThis important new book comprises the proceedings of a symposium sponsored by theEnvironmental Protection Agency and the United States Department of Agriculture.The discussions which are published here centered on the prospect of registering pestmanagement techniques and compounds that are more selective, less persistent, andmore environmentally acceptable than broad-spectrum toxicants. The dangers, orpotential long-term dangers, of pest control with viruses were examined, as were thepositive aspects of such programs.Updated to the state of knowledge of May 1975, this book will be of value to allscientists interested in virology, ecological microbiology, agricultural science,pesticides, and entomology.

December 1975, 186 pages, $9.00(Available to members of ASM at $5.00. Please enclose remittance with order.)

Direct all orders and inquiries to the publisher:American Society for Microbiology/1913 I Street., N.W./Washington, D.C. 20006

AUTHOR INDEX

VOLUME 33

Abbott, Bernard J., 1134Abshire, Robert L., 1149Abu-Bakar, A., 217Acher, A. J., 1019Ahearn, D. G., 738Albrecht, Stephan L., 85Albright, L. J., 817Alexander, M., 31, 101, 670, 784,

1037Almengor, Leticia, 6Aly, Raza, 97Andrews, W. H., 65Anthony, R. G., 563Apel, William A., 459Archer, Robert A., 1134Arcuri, Edward J., 282Ashley, Carol S., 860Atlas, R. M., 1252Atlas, Ronald M., 647

Babich, H., 681, 696, 1059Bacon, Charles W., 445Bagadi, H. O., 1287Bagley, S. T., 893Bagley, Susan T., 1141Baldini, M. M., 829Balish, Edward, 525Barkley, M. B., 971Barnes, W. R., 257Barrett, R. A., 670Bartlett, Karen H., 1026Bell, J. B., 538Benemann, John R., 123Bergen, W. G., 901Bergstrom, S. L., 379Betian, H. G., 1009Betlach, Michael R., 926Beuchat, L. R., 1079Billault, A., 989Bishop, Paul E., 1007Bissonnette, G. K., 590Blake, I. G., 79Blanchfield, B. J., 249Bloomfield, J. A., 1047Bochner, Barry R., 434Boethling, R. S., 728Bok, S. H., 1085Bollag, Jean-Marc, 906Bourquin, A. W., 356Bowden, William B., 1229Bowman, P. I., 738Brady, J., 203Brandon, J. R., 1011Bressani, Ricardo, 6Brewer, Dennis G., 1112Breznak, John A., 392, 406Brill, Winston J., 132, 1007Brock, Thomas D., 254

Brockett, R. M., 203Brown, David F., 10Brown, James F., 525Brown, R. G., 718Brown, W. V., 38Bryant, M. P., 298, 1009, 1097,

1162Bubucis, Patricia M., 370Buck, John D., 370Buford, Linda E., 74Bulla, Lee A., Jr., 878Burge, W. D., 1011Burris, R. H., 85

Cadmus, Martin, 840Calder, John A., 1092Campbell, J. E., 52Campbell, L. Leon, 1162Carman, G. M., 192Carroad, Paul A., 836, 871Casida, L. E., Jr., 1085Cavari, B. Z., 1237Chen, Bill J., 269Cheng, K.-J., 718Chu, F. S., 814, 1125Chung, K.-T., 1016Chung, King-Thom, 654Ciegler, A., 1004Clausen, Elizabeth M., 1259Clesceri, L. S., 1047Cole, Michael A., 262Collins, E. B., 38Colwell, R. R., 829Combs, Theodore J., 370Connors, W. J., 43Considine, P. J., 977Costerton, J. W., 718Crabill, M. R., 1162Crawford, Don L., 1247Crawford, R. G., 52Crawford, Ronald L., 1247Cronk, T. C., 1067Crow, S. A., 738Cushman, M., 996

Daley, R. J., 1225Day, J. L., 203Dazzo, Frank B., 132Deal, S. J., 213Dean-Raymond, Deborah, 1037Dedonder, R. A., 989De Flora, Silvio, 805Dehority, B. A., 1030, 1278Dehority, Burk A., 998De Jonckheere, Johan, 751de la Fuente, Gabriel, 6Demain, A. L., 996Desjardins, P. R., 971

i

Dietz, A. S., 817Di Girolamo, Rudolph, 19DiLello, Deborah, 1129Dondero, N. C., 791Doran, J. W., 31Dorn, G. L., 257Dreifuss, Peter A., 351Drucker, D. B., 221Dugan, Patrick R., 459, 713Duncan, W. Christopher, 603Dutka, B. J., 240Dyer, John K., 69

Ehrlich, Henry L., 282Emswiler, B. S., 735Enkiri, N. K., 1011Eppley, Robert M., 351Erdman, M. D., 901Esch, G. W., 114Eschar, L., 489Eveleigh, Douglas E., 178

Failla, Mark L., 1042Fare, L. R., 1013Farrah, Samuel R., 308, 1192Ferguson, J. K., 203Fields, N. D., 379, 865Finstein, M. S., 345Fisher, D. A., 1170Flickinger, M. C., 706Fliermans, C. B., 114, 207Flores, Antonio, 6Flowers, Russell S., 1112, 1215Floyd, Roger, 159Flynn, N., 977Fogarty, William M., 59Forsberg, C. W., 528Franklin, Mervyn, 982Fukuda, David, 1134Fukui, G. M., 791Fulghum, Robert S., 122Fulk, G. E., 1016Fulk, George E., 654

Gaffar, S. A., 508Galask, R. P., 470, 556Gallagher, R. T., 730Gamble, Thomas N. 926Gatenbeck, Sten, 1275Gaucher, G. Maurice, 147Gerba, Charles P., 308, 1192Giesy, John P., Jr., 89Gill, C. O., 1284Gill, Colin O., 231Gilliland, S. E., 15, 1289Glantz, P. J., 563Goldberg, I., 489Gollakota, K. G., 1105

ii AUTHOR INDEX

Gorbach, S. L., 1002Gorden, R. W., 114, 207Gottschalk, G., 955Goyal, Sagar M., 308, 1192Grant, Michael A., 1222Grauman, G. S., 585Gray, Rodney J. H., 1074Green, Barbara L., 1259Green, John H., 323Griffin, Lynn F., 1092Grubb, Jean A., 998, 1030

Hackett, W. F., 43Hackler, L. R., 1067Haggstrom, Lena, 567Hall, Michael J., 231, 577Hang, Y. D., 1293Hankin, Lester, 522Hansen, Lydel B., 480Hanson, Roger B., 596, 846Harmon, L. G., 341Harmon, Stanley M., 762Harrison, J. C. L., 199Hart, A., 1209Hartman, Paul A., 74, 630Harwig, J., 249Hazen, T. C., 114Heimsch, R. C., 947Heinis, J. H., 1079Hemelt, D. M., 1Heritage, A. D., 1295Herman, Alberta, 840Hill, W. M., 585Hippe, H., 955Hirt, William, 269Hobbie, J. E., 1225Hokby, Elvy, 1275Holdeman, L. V., 1009, 1097Holder-Franklin, Maxine, 982Holt, John G., 1222Horowitz, A., 1252Horowitz, Amikam, 647Hou, C. T., 725Hribar, Jeremy, 26Huggins, Alan R., 184Hult, Karl, 1275Hungate, R. E., 1270Hutner, S. H., 1129

Ingram, L. O., 1233Isaacson, H. R., 298Ishikawa, Tomoaki, 975Iverson, W. G., 810

Jackson, Linda K., 1004James, Ann N., 328Jannasch, H. W., 642Jasper, S., 1225Jezeski, J. J., 590Jiu, James, 26Jones, J. K. N., 732Jones, W. K., 1079Joshi, J. G., 915Juven, B. J., 1019

Kaneko, Tatsuo, 982

Kaper, J. B., 829Kapur, Ramesh, 551Kautter, Donald A., 762Kaylor, John D., 323Keller, Dolores E., 1129Kelsey, M. I., 1016Kempner, E. S., 874Kennedy, B. P. C., 249Kenner, Charles T., 480Khare, Mohan, 791Kidby, Denis, 840King, A. D., Jr., 1184King, John D., 777, 1177Kirk, T. K., 43Kite, Patricia E., 1209Klevickis, S. C., 312Knight, Ernest, Jr., 666Knox, J. M., 603Kobayashi, Takeshi, 137Kobbe, B., 211, 996Kondo, Isamu, 975Kotula, A. W., 735Koukol, R. C., 379Kozlowski, R., 563Kramer, Karl J., 878Kramer, Theodore T., 967Krysinski, E. P., 947Kubo, Shuichiro, 400Kuhnley, Lyle, 480Kunst, F., 989Kusuhara, Nobumi, 771Kwan, K. K., 240

Lam, K., 528Larkin, Edward P., 109Larocca, David, 660Larsen, Bryan, 470, 556Latch, G. C. M., 730Latorre, Carmen R., 1204Lawrence, J. V., 482Lazarus, C. R., 217Lee, I. C., 341Lee, J. S., 853Lee, W. H., 215Lepesant, J-A., 989Lepesant-Kejzlarova, J., 989Lesher, R. J., 213Levin, R. E., 192, 1156Lillard, M. 0., 725Lim, Daniel V., 328Lim, Henry C., 269Linehan, B. A., 1009Lior, H., 1026Liston, John, 19Litsky, Warren, 1259Littell, Allan M., 485London, Sheldon A., 994Loos, M. A., 246Loudis, Marianna C., 1129Louw, H. A., 246Luk, K. C., 211Lyons, Thomas B., III, 551

McBride, Mollie E., 603McCall, W. A., 585

McFeters, G. A., 590McIntyre, John L., 522Mackay, Shirley J., 227McMeekin, T. A., 1244MacRae, I. C., 1295Maddox, I. S., 201Maibach, Howard I., 97Maier, S., 482Mares, B. A., 1Markovetz, A. J., 470, 556Marquis, Robert E., 885Martin, Scott E., 1112, 1215Matches, J., 19Matsumura, Philip, 885Mattick, L. R., 1067Mayhew, J. W., 1002Mehta, R. J., 1013Meisel, R., 246Melnick, Joseph L., 308, 1192Messer, S. L., 963Michalowski, T., 802Millis, N. F., 870Mink, Ronald W., 713Mirocha, C. J., 546Mizuba, Seth, 26Moberg, L. J., 963Molina, Mario R., 6Montenecourt, Bland S., 178Moore, W. E. C., 1097Morgan, Louise L., 918Morita, Richard Y., 635Morrow, Jan E., 893Muirhead, P. A., 79Munnecke, Douglas M., 503

Nakahara, Hideomi, 975Nash, C. H., 1013Nelson, D. R., 312Newman, Judith S., 334Newton, K. G., 199Nicholas, D. J. Donald, 477Nip, W. K., 814Norman, Lois G., 1204Novitsky, James A., 635Novitsky, Thomas J., 940

Oblinger, J. L., 217O'Brien, R. T., 334O'Dea, Kathleen, 254Odeyemi, Olu, 784Ohashi, Hiroshi, 137Ohmiya, Kunio, 137Ohwaki, Kyoko, 1270Okada, Hirosuke, 771Okon, Yaacov, 85Ondrako, Joanne Pierce, 918Ordal, Z. John, 1074, 1112, 1215Orth, D. S., 824, 986Oxborrow, G. S., 379, 865

Paine, Donald, 89Paliwal, D. K., 219Palmer, J. K., 1118Pandey, N. K., 1105Pankratz, H. Stuart, 406

APPL. ENVIRON. MCROBIOL.

AUTHOR INDEX iii

Papa, K. E., 206Parekh, Vasu R., 881Park, R. A., 1047Patching, J. W., 977Patel, R., 725Peeler, J. T., 52Penney, N., 1284Perlman, D., 706Petrilli, Fernando L., 805Pfeifer, D. K., 853Pfennig, Norbert, 427Pflug, I. J., 1170Phelps, G., 1237Pickett, Mary S., 74Pierson, C. J., 735Pober, Zalmon, 620Poelma, P. L., 65Pohland, Albert E., 351Pometto, Anthony L., III, 1247Porter, James K., 445Potrikus, C. J., 392Puleo, J. R., 379, 865

Quinby, Helen L., 940

Rabie, C. J., 1023Randhawa, H. S., 219Ratledge, Colin, 231, 577Reddy, C. A., 1162Reddy, C. Adinarayana, 901Restaino, L., 585Reyes, A. L., 52Richert, S. H., 201Rivet, P. G., 1Roach, Sally, 1197Robbins, Joe D., 445Romero, A., 65Rowe R., 675

Salanitro, J. P., 79Salyers, A. A., 319, 118Sandine, William E., 184Sanford, Paul, 840Sarai, Yasunaga, 975Sato, Kazuyoshi, 515Savage, Dwayne C., 1197Savageau, Michael A., 434Sayler, G. S., 829Schade, J. E., 1184Schaub, Stephen A., 609Schesser, John H., 878Schnarr, G. Wayne, 732Schwert, David P., 918Scott, P. M., 249Seidler, Ramon J., 893, 1141Seijffers, Julie, 1207Sekiguchi, Junichi, 147Sexton, S., 1016

Shapiro, Anna, 1129Sharp, D. G., 159, 168Shearer, M. E., 1013Shehata, T. E., 874Shethna, Y. I., 508Shimizu, Shoichi, 137, 515Silverman, Gerald J., 620Silverman, Sidney J., 654Sjoblad, Roy D., 906Slyter, L. L., 363Smith, K. M., 199Smith, R. E., 980Sobek, J. M., 881Sorber, Charles A., 609Spaulding, Procter L., 10Speck, M. L., 15, 1289Stabekis, P. D., 379Stack, Michael E., 351Stagg, Charles H., 385Steinkraus, K. H., 1067Steinmetz, M., 989Stevens, R. A., 1156Stevenson, K. E., 341Stewart, Colin S., 497Steyn, M., 1023Stotzky, G., 681, 696, 1059Stuart, D. G., 590Subba-Rao, R. V., 101Sudo, Sara Z., 450Sugiyama, H., 963Suler, D. J., 345Sullivan, Robert, 109Sulzer, Alexander J., 1204Supiano, Mark A., 1007Sveum, William H., 630Swenson, P. A., 915Syuto, Bunei, 400Szarek, Walter A., 732

Tannock, Gerald W., 745, 1197Tate, Robert L., III 911Taylor, Cecile W., 1177Tiedje, James M., 926Tierney, John T., 109Timoney, J. F., 791Thomas, Constance T., 791Tjepkema, John, 626Todd, R., 675Townsend, J. M., 211Traxler, R. W., 881Tribble, Jack L., 69Trust, T. J., 1026Tsao, George T., 269Tsuji, Kiyoshi, 1265Tuominen, T., 817Tuovinen, Olli H., 477Tuttle, Jon H., 459Twedt, Robert M., 10Tye, Rowena, 758

Ueda, Shunsaku, 515Ueno, I., 1125Upadhyay, J. M., 1Upton, Mary E., 59

Valois, Frederica W., 940van Berkum, Peter, 626Vanderpost, J. M., 538van Schalkwyk, G. C., 1023Van Vuuren, H. J. J., 246Varel, V. H., 298Varon, Mazal, 1207Veazey, F. J., 221Vela, G. R., 257Vercellotti, J. R., 319Vesonder, R. F., 1004Viehauser, Gunter, 740

Wachtel, Ruth E., 1265Waide, J., 675Wallis, Craig, 308, 385, 1192Walsh, J. M., 203Walther, R., 955Ward, Calvin H., 385Ward, Richard L., 860, 1218Watson, Stanley W., 940Weaver, J. M., 363Wehby, A. J., 52Weimer, P. J., 289Weinberg, E. D., 1042Weissman, Joseph C., 123West, R. L., 217West, S. E. H., 319Westergaard, Jorgen M., 967White, David C., 777, 1177White, James P., 918Wilke, Charles R., 836, 871Wilkins, T. D., 319, 1118Wilkins, Tracy D., 525Willetts, Andrew, 758Williams, Robert P., 328Wilson, C. R., 65Winfrey, M. R., 275, 312Wirsen, C. O., 642Witney, Frank R., 1042Witter, Lloyd D., 1074Wodzinski, Richard S., 660Wogan, G. N., 996Wolf, J. C., 546Wolfe, R. S., 427Wong, Jason C., 69Woodams, E. E., 1293Worthington, John M., 1220Wozny, M. A., 1097

Yamada, Yasuhiro, 771Young, D. C., 168

Zeikus, J. G., 43, 275, 289, 312

VOL. 33, 1977

SUBJECT INDEX

VOLUME 33

Acetobacter suboxydansimmobilized cells, 732

Acetylene reductionby maize and sorghum, 626

Adenosine 5'-triphosphaterumen microbiota biomass, 528

Aeromonasin a thermally altered lake, 114natural distribution, 114

Aeromonas hydrophilanaturally occurring organics, 89

Aeromonas phenologenestyrosine phenol-lyase, 192

AflatoxinA. flavus, 206

Aflatoxin B1antibody production, 1125

Algaenutritional characteristics, 6

AlginaseA. aquatilis, 1156

Alginovibrio aquatilisalginase purification, 1156

n-AlkanesPseudomonas sp., 881

24'Am uptakeA. hydrophila, 89S. obliquus, 89

AmylaseT. viridis, 59

Amylomyces rouxiitape fermentation, 1067

Anabaena cylindricahydrogen production, 123nitrogen starved, 123

Anaerobe cultureFeS as reducing agent, 254

Anaerobesin bovine rumen and human feces, 1097urease-producing, 1097

Anaerobic glove boxtransparent plastic incubator, 525

Animal cell growthglass roller bottle, 666

Antibodyaflatoxin B1, 1125

Antigenicitybdellovibrios, 967three tests, 967

Aquatic bacteriadirect-count techniques, 1229

Aquatic ecosystemsmodel for growth and decomposition, 1047

Arthrobacter sp.terpene and squalene variant oxidation, 771

AS-i cyanophagepurification method, 971

AsparaginaseA. vinelandii, 508

L-Asparaginasesynthesis by E. coli A-1, 257

L-Aspartatefermentation by B. melaninogenicus, 69

Aspergillussterigmatocystin production, 1023

Aspergillus flavusaflatoxins B1 and B2, 206cyclopiazonic acid, 211

Aspergillus nigermalformin C, 996

Assay procedureschick interferon, 740

Axenic mediumpathogenic N. fowleri isolates, 751

Azotobacter vinelandiiasparaginase, 508azotophage isolation, 1007

Bacilluspyrolysis GLC, 865

Bacillus cereus Toutgrowth inhibition by ethyl picolinate, 1105

Bacillus subtilis 168genetic mapping, 989kit of reference strains, 989

Bacillus subtilis var. nigereffect of heat and radiation, 1170thermal resistance, 52

Bacillus thuringiensisparasporal crystal, bioassay, 878toxicity to tobacco hornworm, 878

Bacterial biomassmarine environment, 940new method, 940

Bacterial growth kineticsdiphenylmethane and naphthalene-heptamethyl-nonane mixtures, 660

Bacteroidesfrom mouse cecum, 745human colon, 319in rumen, 998laminarinase activity, 1118mucin and plant polysaccharide fermentation, 319

Bacteroides, cellulolyticfrom human feces, 1009

Bacteroides melaninogenicusL-aspartate fermentation, 69

Bdellovibrio bacteriovorusosmoregulation of mutants, 1207

Bdellovibriosantigenicity, 967

Beef broth proteinthermal inactivation of SEA, 341

Beef carcassesiv

VOL. 33, 1977

microbial counts, two techniques, 217Bile acids

deconjugation, 15intestinal lactobacilli, 15

Biomass productionM. methanolica mutant, 567

Bovine rumenurease-producing anaerobes, 1097

Buffalo, waterdividing cells of protozoa, 802rumen ciliate concentrations, 802

Cadmiumeffect on fungi, 1059effect on interactions between fungi and bacteria,

1059model soil system, 1059

Cadmium, sensitivity tobacteria and fungi, 681influence of pH, 681

Cadmium, toxicityto microorganisms, 681, 696reduction by clay minerals, 696

Candida 107lipid accumulation, 231, 577

Candida albicansatypical isolates, 738

Cannabinoidsmicrobiological transformation, 1134A6a. lOa-THC, 1134

Capsule method, timed releasesalmonellae detection, 630

Carboxypeptidase Aanalysis of ochratoxin B, 1275

Catalaseenumeration of stressed S. aureus, 1112

CatecholaseP. versicolor, 836

Catechol 1,2-dioxygenasecleavage of 3-methylcatechol, 725

Cation-supplemented mediaheat-injured V. parahaemolyticus, growth, 1079

Cattle wastemethane production, 298

Cavia porcelluscellulolytic cocci, 1278

Cl compoundsfungal growth, 758T. lignorum, 758

Cecum, mouseBacteroides isolates, 745

Cellobiose fermentationC. thermocellum, 289C. thermocellumIM. thermoautotrophicum cocul-

tures, 289Cellulase production

rapid tube test, 980T. viride, 178

Cellulolysisrumen, 497

Cellulolytic cocciguinea pig cecum, 1278

Cellulose fermentationC. thermocellum, 289

SUBJECT INDEX v

C. thermocellum/M. thermoautotrophicum cocul-tures, 289

Cellulose-hydrolyzing bacteriahuman feces, 1009

Chicken leg musclespoilage, 1244

Chick interferonlarge-scale assay procedure, 740

Chill-stored flesh foodsspoilage, 1244

Chloramine-Tiodination of staphylococcal enterotoxin B, 824

Chlorineclay-associated phage MS-2, inactivation, 385

Chlorobiumspirillum 5175 syntrophism, 427

Chromium, hexavalentS. typhimurium, 805toxicity, mutagenicity, 805

CitrateC. sphenoides isolation, 955

CitrininP. expansum, 1004

Clay mineralsprotection from Cd toxicity, 696

Clostridiacatalase-treated plating media, 762hydrogen utilization, 1270in sewage sludge, 1270

Clostridium botulinumcrystallization of toxic complexes, 963type C toxin, molecular size, 400

Clostridium chauvoeispore production and counting, 1287

Clostridium perfringenscomparison of media for recovery, 986detection methods, 735in ground beef, 735

Clostridium sphenoideshexachlorocyclohexane degradation, 1295use of citrate for isolation, 955

Clostridium thermocellumcellobiose and cellulose fermentation, 289

Clover rootRhizobium, 132

CO2 formationsolid-waste composting, 345temperature, aeration, moisture, effects, 345

Cod fillets, irradiatedlog reduction curves, 323

Coliform detectionin water, 590recovery methods, 590

Coliformsdestruction in water and sewage water, 1019hides and meat, 199

ConidiogenesisP. urticae, 147

Continuous culturelipid production, 577oleaginous yeast, 577one and two stages, 577

Coptotermes formosanus (Shiraki)gut microbiota, 406

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

Corynebacteriumselenium microbial transformations, 31

Coxsackievirusinactivation in surface water, 334

CrystallizationC. botulinum type A toxin, 963improved method, 963

Cyclopiazonic acidA. flavus Link, 211

Cysts of amoebaemicrobial decomposition, 670

Cytoplasmic reserve glucanR. albus, 718

DDT analoguesproducts formed by P. putida, 101

Deep-sea bacteriaheavy metal cations, 282

Deep-sea populations, microbialretrieval, 642

Defined mediagrowth of pink tetracocci, 1129

Denitrifiersdominance, 926in soil, 926

Desulfovibriogrowth in low-sulfate lactate or ethanol medium,

1162Diet

fecal flora, rats, 654Dihydroxyacetoneconversion from glycerol by G. melanogenus, 706

Diluent compositionP. fluorescens cells, 1074

Diphenylmethanebacterial growth rate, 660

Direct-count techniquesaquatic bacteria, 1229comparison, 1229

Drinking waterKlebsielleae, 893redwood storage tanks, 893

D streptococcus-enterococcus brothgroup D streptococci in sewage, 1149

Enterobacter agglomeransfrom guts of wood-eating termites, 392

Enterobacteriaceaerecovery on Salmonella plating media, 585

Enterovirusesconcentration from tap water, 308estuarine water, 1192pleated filters, 308

Enzyme IH. glebae, 1

Enzyme-labeled antibody techniqueSalmonella detection, 947

Enzyme synthesislead inhibition, 262in soil, 262

Escherichia coliL-asparaginase synthesis, 257grown with organic solvents and food additives,

1233

lipid composition, changes, 1233system for UV irradiation, 915wild cottontail rabbits, 563

Estuarine detrital microflorastructure and activity, 1177

Estuarine samplesSalmonella isolation, 829

Estuarine waterenterovirus concentration, 1192

Estrous cycle, ratsvaginal microflora changes, 556

Ethylene productionsoil microorganisms, 977

Ethyl picolinateoutgrowth inhibition in B. cereus T, 1105

Euglena graciliscell volume, 874growth, 874

Fatty acid analysisgas-liquid chromatography column, 480

Fatty acid fingerprintsS. mutans, 221

Fecal bacteriafrom adult swine, 79media for enumeration, 79

Fecal coliformsK. pneumoniae, 1141

Fecal flora, ratsdietary effects, 654

Ferrous sulfide, amorphousreducing agent for anaerobes, 254

Filtered wheymedium for gibberellic acid production, 201

Filters, pleatedregeneration, 308

Freezinglactic acid bacteria, stability, 489

Freshwater ecosystemgasoline spillage, 1252

Frog legsisolation of Salmonella, 65

Frogs, pet aquariumsalmonella source, 1026

FumigantsMeBr, 1184

Fungieffect of Cd, 1059transformation of oxazepenes, 26

FungicidesRhizobium resistance, 784

Gas-liquid chromatographyfatty acid analysis, 480

Gasoline spillageArctic freshwater ecosystem, 1252response of microorganisms, 1252

Genetic mappingB. subtilis 168, 989kit of reference strains, construction, 989

Gibberella zeaemedia for isolation, 445sexual reproduction, control, 546

Gibberellic acidproduction using dairy waste, 201

vi SUBJECT INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX vii

f3-Glucanasein Bacteroides, 1118

Gluconobacter melanogenusconversion of glycerol to DHA, 706

Glucoseenzymatic assay, 1237natural waters, 1237

Glucose-i-phosphateBacteroides in the rumen, 998

Glucose utilizationlactic streptococci, 38

Glucosidaseinduction in P. maltophilia, 728

Glycerolconversion to DHA by G. melanogenus, 706

Goatsrumen bacteria, 1030

Ground beefC. perfringens, 735

Growth and decompositionmodel of aquatic ecosystems, 1047

Guinea pig cecumcellulolytic cocci, 1278

Gut microbiotawood-eating termites, 406

Hartmannella glebaebacteriolytic enzyme I, 1

Heat resistanceB. subtilis var. niger, 52

Heavy metalsdeep-sea isolates, growth, 282hydrostatic pressure, 282

Heterotrophic activityaquatic systems, 817model for determination, 817

Hexachlorocylohexanesdegradation by C. sphenoides, 1295

Histosolsnitrification, 911

Human-associated yeastbivalve shellfish, 370

Human skinenvironment and microbial ecology, 603

H2-utilizing methanogenic bacteriagrowth of Desulfovibrio, 1162

Hydrogen metabolismmethanogenesis in lake sediment, 312

Hydrogen productionnitrogen-starved A. cylindrica, 123

Hydrostatic pressuredeep-sea bacterial growth, 282growth energetics, 885

Hydroxyapatite-coated glass beadsculture of mixed oral flora, 450

Immobilized cellslactose hydrolysis, 137

Incubatoranaerobic glove box, 525

Indicator plate, generalized, 434Indonesian tape ketan fermentation, 1067Intertrigenous microflora

skin, 97

Ionic bondingviral uptake by shellfish, 19

Kestose productionP. parasitica var. nicotianae, 522

Klebsiellaefecal coliform positive, 1141in drinking water, 893MF and MPN tests, 1141

Lactic acid bacteriafatty acid composition, 489stability to freezing, 489

Lactic streptococciend products, 38glucose utilization, 38temperate phages, 184

LactobacilliMinitek system, 1289single-cell protein, 901stomachs of mice, 1197

Lactobacilli, intestinalbile acids, 15

Lactosehydrolysis by immobilized cells, 137

LaminarinaseBacteroides from human colon, 1118

Leadenzyme synthesis inhibition, 262

LigninBiodegradation in nature, 43

[14C]ligninlignin biodegradation in nature, 43

Lignocellulosedecomposition by soil microflora, 1247labeled with 14C-lignin and 14C-cellulose, 1247

Limax amoebaepublic swimming pools, 551

Lipid compositionE. coli, 1233estuarine detrital microflora, 1177

Lipid productionCandida 107, 231, 577continuous culture, 231, 577

Liquid mediabacterial contamination in breweries, 246

Lysis, low temperatureS. aureus, 1215

Lysogenylactic streptococci, 184

Macromolecular synthesisN. gonorrhoeae, 328

Maintenance procedureX. campestris, 840

Maizeacetylene reduction, 626

Malathion degradationsalt-marsh microorganisms, 356

Malformin CA. niger toxic metabolite, 996

Mannitol oxidationMicromonospora, 1013

Marine environment

VOL. 33, 1977

viii SUBJECT INDEX

bacterial biomass, indirect method, 940Marine vibrio

survival under nutrient starvation, 635Meat

bacterial penetration, 1284coliform tests, 199

Meat-packing plant wastesSalmonella isolation, 538

Medium compositionE. gracilis growth and cell volume, 874

Membrane diffusion chambersdeep-water studies, 207

Membrane filter chamber techniquerecovery methods for coliform detection, 590

Membrane filtration, single-stepP. aeruginosa in water, 240

Metabolismestuarine detrital microflora, 1177quaternary ammonium compounds, 1030

Metabolism, secondaryphosphate inhibition, 1042S. marcescens, 1042

Methane formationDesulfovibrio growth in low-sulfate media, 1162

Methane production, thermophilicfrom cattle waste, 298

Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicumcellobiose and cellulose fermentation, 289

Methanogenesishydrogen metabolism, 312lake sediment, 312

Methanogenesis, sedimentcarbon and electron flow, 275sulfate effect, 275

Methanogenic bacteriaidentification by fluorescence microscopy, 713

Methyl bromidemicrobicidal fumigant, 1184

3-Methylcatecholcleavage by catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, 725

Methylomonad, newgrowth characteristics, 269

Methylomonas methanolicabiomass production, 567characterization of a mutant, 567

Micelactobacilli from stomachs, 1197

Microbial biomassmuramic acid, 777

Microbial contaminationViking spacecraft, 379

Microbial count techniques, 217Microbial degradation

cyst resistance, 670Microbial destructionheat and radiation, 1170

Microbial growth factor, new, 1085requirement for soil bacteria, 1085

Microbial log reduction curvesirradiated shrimp, cod fillets, and their homoge-

nates, 323Microcystis sp.

nutritional characteristics, 6Micromonospora

mannitol oxidation, 1013

MicrotechniqueMPN analysis, 675

Minitek systemlactobacilli, 1289

Most-probable-number methodmicrotechnique, 675S. lipoferum, 85

Mucin fermentationBacteroides, 319

Multiple syringe inoculator, 982Muramic acid

as a measure of microbial biomass, 777Mycotoxins, tremorgenicP. piscarium Westling, 730

Naegleria fowleriaxenic medium for differentiation of pathogen-

esis, 751Natural waters

glucose determination, 1237heterotrophic activity, 817

Neisseria gonorrhoeaemacromolecular synthesis, 328radiolabeling, 328

NitrificationHistosols, 911role of heterotrophs, 911

Nitrification, in situdissolved oxygen, effect, 918in a heated stream, 918

Nitrogen fixationin a salt marsh, 596, 846S. alterniflora, 596, 846sewage sludge-amended salt marsh, 846

NovobiocinEnterobacteriaceae recovery, 585Salmonella plating media, 585

Nuclepore filtersdirect counting of bacteria, 1225

Nutrient starvationmarine vibrio survival, 635

Ochratoxin Banalysis with ochratoxin A, 1275

Oil degradationArctic Ocean, 647continuous open flow-through system, 647

Oilscrude, refined, weathered, 1092toxic effect on marine bacterium, 1092

Optical density readingscorrection for error, 482

Oral floraculture on hydroxyapatite-coated glass beads, 450

Organic acidsleakage of cellular material from T. ferrooxidans,

460OsmoregulationB. bacteriovorus symbiosis-independent mutants,

1207Oxazepines

transformation by fungi, 26Oxidative coupling

pesticide intermediates, 906

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

VOL. 33, 1977

Pandalus jordanimicrobial quality, 853

PatulinP. expansum, 1004

[14C]patulinP. patulum, 814

Penicillium cyclopiumethylene production, 977

Penicillium expansumpatulin and citrinin, 1004

Penicillium patulum[14C]patulin production, 814

Penicillium piscariumverruculogen and fumitremorgin B production,

730Penicillium roqueforti

metabolite production, 249roquefortine, 249

Penicillium urticaeconidiogenesis, 147secondary metabolism, 147

Penicillium viridicatummetabolites, 351

Pesticide-hydrolyzing enzymeimmobilization onto glass, 503properties, 503

Pesticide intermediatesoxidative coupling, 906

Phage MS-2, clay-associatedinactivation by chlorine, 385

pH influencetoxicity of Cd to microorganisms, 681

Photooxidationcoliform destruction, 1019

Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianaekestose (fructosylsucrose) production, 522

Pink tetracocci, radio-resistantdefined media for improved growth, 1129

Pipette tips, disposableautoclavable dispenser, 994

Plant polysaccharide fermentationBacteroides, 319

Plating media, catalase-treatedclostridia recovery, 762

Pleurotus ostreatusgrowth kinetics, 871

Pneumocystis cariniipropagation in three cell lines, 1204

Poliovirusdilution in water, 159, 168inactivation in sludge, 1218inactivation in surface water, 334radiation, 1218survival of aggregates, 168

Poliovirus 1sewage sludge and effluent, 109

Polyporus versicolorcatecholase production, 836cell growth, 836growth kinetics, 871

Polythionatesbacterial oxidation, 477

Prereduced, anaerobically sterilized mediabutyl rubber stoppers, 1220shelf life increase, 1220

SUBJECT INDEX ix

Protaminobacter rubervitamin B12, 515

ProteaseT. viridis, 59

Pseudomonadscomparison of agars for isolation, 1209

Pseudomonasisolation from natural habitats, 1222medium for isolation, 1222

Pseudomonas aeruginosain water, 240metal and drug resistance, 975

Pseudomonas fluorescensdiluent sensitivity, 1074

Pseudomonas maltophiliainduction of glucosidases, 728

Pseudomonas putidaDDT analogues, 101

Pseudomonas sp.n-alkane oxidation enzymes, 881

Pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatographyBacillus, 865pyrochromatogram reproducibility, 865

Quaternary ammonium compoundsbacterial metabolism, 1037

Rabbit ileumV. parahaemolyticus enteropathogenicity, 10

Rabbits, white cottontailE. coli, 563

Radioimmunoassaystaphylococcal enterotoxin B in foods, 620

RadiolabelingN. gonorrhoeae, 328

Rapid infiltrationbacteria removal from wastewater, 609

Reovirusdilution in water, 159

Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar)gut microbiota, 406

Rhizobiumclover and alfalfa roots, 132receptor site, 132resistance to fungicides, 784

Rhizotonia practicolaphenol oxidase, 906

Roller bottle, glass, multisurfaceanimal cell growth, 666

RoquefortineP. roqueforti, 249

Rothia dentocariosachemically defined medium, 213

RubrosulphinP. viridicatum, 351

Rumen ciliatesin water buffalo, 802

Rumen contentscellulolytic activity, 497

Rumen, goatpredominant bacteria, 1030

Rumen microbiota biomassATP as indicator, 528

Ruminococcus albuscytoplasmic reserve glucan, 718

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

Ruminococcus flavefaciensgrowth requirements, 363tetrahydrofolate, 363

Salmonellaenzyme-labeled antibodies for detection, 947isolation from frog legs, 65isolation from meat-packing plant wastes, 538isolation methods, 65pet aquarium frogs, 1026surface waters, New York State, 791

Salmonella arizonaeplating medium, differential, 485

Salmonellaecapsule method for detection, 630

Salmonella enteritidis ser. montevideoinactivation by ionizing radiation, 1011sewage sludge, 1011

Salmonella plating medianovobiocin concentration, 585

Salmonella spp.ambient temperature enrichment procedure, 829estuarine samples, 829

Salmonella typhimuriumhexavalent chromium, 805

Salt marshN2 fixation, 846

Salt-marsh microorganismsmalathion degradation, 356

Sampling devicemicrobial deep-sea populations, 642

Scanning electron microscopyvaginal colonization, 470

Scenedesmus obliquusnaturally occurring organics, 89

Selective agarscomparison, for pseudomonad isolation, 1209

Seleniummicrobial transformations, 31

Serratia marcescensphosphate inhibition of secondary metabolism,

1042Serratia marinorubra

effect of crude, refined, and weathered oils, 1092Sewage sludge

clostridia, 1270poliovirus 1, 109S. enteritidis serotype montevideo, inactivation,

1011Sexual reproductionG. zeae, 546

Sheep rumenS. bovis phage sensitivity, 810

Shellfish, bivalvehuman-associated yeast, 370

Shellfish mucusionic bonding, 19virus contamination, 19

Shrimp, irradiatedlog reduction curves, 323

Shrimp, Pacificmicrobial quality, 853

Single-cell proteinamino acid profile, 901lactobacilli, 901

new methylomonad, 269nutritional assessment, 901

Skinaerobic microbial flora, 97

Slide staining deviceuse during space flight, 203

Soildenitrifiers, 926enzyme synthesis, 262

Soil microfloralignocellulose decomposition, 1247

Solid-waste compostingCO2 formation, 345

Sorghumacetylene reduction, 626

Spartina alterniflora, salt marsh soilsN2 fixation activity, 596

Spirillum 5175sulfur reduction, 427syntrophism with Chlorobium, 427

Spirillum lipoferummethods for growing and counting, 85

SporesC. chauvoei, 1287

Squalene variantsoxidation by Arthrobacter sp., 771

Staphylococcal enterotoxin Biodination by using chloramine-T, 824modified radioimmunoassay, 620thermal inactivation, 341

Staphylococcus aureuscatalase and enumeration, 1112low-temperature lysis, 1215

Starch casein salt mediumStreptomyces enumeration, 227

SterigmatocystinAspergillus sp., 1023

Streptococci, group Dnew medium for isolation, 1149

Streptococcus bovisbacteriophage sensitivity, 810sheep rumen, 810

Streptococcus faecalislimited growth under hydrostatic pressure, 885

Streptococcus mutansfatty acid fingerprints, 221

Streptomycesenumeration, 227starch casein salt medium, 227

Sulfatesediment methanogenesis, 275

Sulfur reductionspirillum 5175, 427

Surface waterpolio- and coxsackievirus inactivation, 334Salmonella, 791

Swimming poolslimax amoeba density, 551

Tape fermentationbiochemical changes, 1067

Taurolithocholic acidrat intestinal microflora, changes, 1016

Termites, wood-eatinggut microbiota morphology, 406

x SUBJECT INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX xi

N2-fixing E. agglomerans, 392Terpene variants

oxidation by Arthrobacter sp., 771A6a. lOa-Tetrahydrocannabinol

microbiological transformations, 1134TetrahydrofolateR. flavefaciens, 363

Tetrathionate determinationion-selective electrode, 477

Tetrazolium reductionindicator plate, 434

Thermal inactivationSEA, 341

Thermomonospora viridisthermostable amylase and protease, 59

Thiobacillus ferrooxidansleakage of cellular material, 459

Tobacco hornwormB. thuringiensis parasporal crystal, 878

Tree nutsMeBr as fumigant, 1184

Trichoderma lignorumgrowth on Cl compounds, 758

Trichoderma viridecellulase production, 178plate assay, 178

Type C toxincomposition, 400molecular size, 400

Tyrosine phenol-lyaseA. phenologenes ATCC 29063, 192

Ultraviolet irradiationcontinuous-flow system, 915

Universal beer agarbacterial contamination, 246

Urea hydrolysisby yeasts, 219detection method, 219

Ureasebovine rumen and human feces, 1097

Vaginal colonization

SEM, 470Vaginal microflora, ratschanges during the estrous cycle, 556

Vibrio parahaemolyticusenteropathogenicity, 10growth in cation-supplemented media, 1079

Viking spacecraftmicrobiological studies, 379

ViomelleinP. viridicatum, 351

ViopurpurinP. viridicatum, 351

Virucidal agentwastewater sludge, 860

Vitamin B12in P. ruber, 515

Washing machines, self-servicedisinfectants, 74sanitation, 74

Wastewatervirus and bacteria removal, 609

Wastewater sludgepoliovirus inactivation, 1219virucidal agent, 860

Water, tapenterovirus concentration, 308

XanthomegninP. viridicatum, 351

Xanthomonas campestrismaintenance on paper strips, 840

Yeastslipid production, 231urea hydrolysis, 219

Yersinia enterocoliticatwo plating media, 215

ZearalenoneFusarium sp., 445media for production, 445G. zeae sexual reproduction, 546

VOL. 33, 1977

INDEX TO DATE OF ISSUE

Month Date of Issue Pages

January 20 January 1977 1-218February 18 March 1977 219-488March 11 April 1977 489-743April 11 May 1977 745-1018May 26 May 1977 1019-1236June 22 June 1977 1237-1297

APPLIED AND

ENVIRONMENTAL

MICROBIOLOGY

VOLUME 33

WASHINGTON, D C 20006

1977

APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTALMICROBIOLOGY

VOLUME 33 * JUNE 1977

EDITORIAL BOARDMARVIN P. BRYANT, Editor-in-Chief (1981)

University of Illinois, UrbanaR. H. DEIBEL, Editor (1981) MARTIN S. FAVERO, Editor (1980)University of Wisconsin, Madison Center for Disease Control, Phoenix, Ariz.

JAMES M. TIEDJE, Editor (1979)A. L. DEMAIN, Editor (1981) Michigan State University,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge East Lansing

Bernard J. Abbott (1977)Martin Alexander (1977)Miton J. Allison (1977)Richard Bartha (1979)Robert T. Belly (1978)Martha D. Berliner (1977)Jerome Birnbaum (1979)Thomas L. Bott (1977)Charles Boylen (1979)Lee A. Bulla, Jr. (1977)Lloyd B. Bullerman (1977)Victor Cabelli (1979)William R. Chesbro (1979)Tom D. Y. Chin (1977)Alex Ciegler (1977)Rita R. Colwel (1977)Richard A. Consig4i (1979)Charles Cooney (1979)Joseph J. Cooney (1977)Jacob A. Donkersloot (1979)Charles L. Duncan (1979)Richard Elander (1979)Beatrice England (1977)Jerald C. Ensip (1977)James J. Ferris (1977)Carl B. Fliermans (1978)

Heinz G. Floss (1977)Dennis Focht (1979)Edwin E. Geldreich (1979)Charles T. Godbue (1977)John M. Goepfert (1979)Richard E. Goldstrand (1979)Robert D. Hamilton (1979)Richard S. Hanson (1978)Paul A. Hartman (1977)Melvin T. Hatch (1978)Charles Hendricks (1977)Clifford W. Hesseltine (1977)Lillian V. Holdeman (1979)David H. Hubbell (1978)John J. landolo (1977)M. B. Ingle (1979)Holger W. Jannasch (1978)Donald E. Jensen (1977)Edward Katz (1979)Donald A. Klein (1978)Michael J. Klug (1977)Roger Knowles (1979)Barbara D. Lago (1977)Paul Lemke (1979)John Liston (1977)

Robert Mah (1977)Joseph L. Melnick (1977)Thomas L. Miller (1979)Eldor A. Paul (1977)W. J. Payne (1979)Antonio H. Romano (1977)E. L. Schmidt (1977)Oldrich K. Sebek (1977)John McN. Sieburth (1978)Anthony J. Sinskey (1979)Peter Skaliy (1978)William H. Sperber (1977)James T. Staey (1977)Mortimer P. Starr (1978)Guenther Stotzky (1977)Jon H. Tuttle (1977)Carl Vanderzant (1979)Donald Vesley (1978)Claude Vezina (1979)D. I. C. Wang (1978)Fred D. Wiliams (1977)W. P. Williams (1978)G. N. Wogan (1977)Alan G. Wolin (1977)William Yotis (1979)

Robert A. Day, Managing EditorGisela Pollock, Assistant Managing Editor

Cheryl Cross, Production Editor1913 I St., N. W., Washington, D.C. 20006

EX OFFICIOHarlyn 0. Halvorson, President (1976-1977)

J. Mebsen Joseph, Secretary

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, a publication ofthe American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I St., N.W.,Washington, D.C. 20006, is devoted to the advancement anddissemination of applied knowledge as well as ecologicalknowledge, both applied and fundamental, concerning micro-organisms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology is pub-lished monthly, two volumes per year. The nonmember sub-scription price is $60 per year. The member subscriptionprice is $14 per year. Single copies are $6.00. Correspond-ence relating to subscriptions, nonreceipt of journals, reprints,

A. Frederick Rasmussen, Jr., Vice-President(1976-1977)Brinton M. Miller, Treasurer

defective copies, availability of back issues, and lost or lateproofs should be directed to the ASM Publications Office,1913 I St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006 (area 202-833-9680).

Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C. 20006, and atadditional mailing offices. Made in the United States ofAmerica.Copyright © 1977, American Society for Microbiology.All Rights Reserved.

Volume 33 Contents for January Number 1General Microbial Ecology

Deconjugation of Bile Acids by Intestinal Lactobacilli. S. E. GILLILAND ANDM. L. SPECK*.......................................................... 15

Microbial Transformations of Selenium. J. W. DORAN AND M. ALEXANDER* ... 31

Microbial Decomposition of Synthetic 14C-Labeled Lignins in Nature: Lignin Bio-degradation in a Variety of Natural Materials. W. F. HACKETT, W. J.CONNORS, T. K. KIRK, AND J. G. ZEIKUS* ................................ 43

Isolation and Identification of Fecal Bacteria from Adult Swine. J. P. SALANITRo,*I. G. BLAKE, AND P. A. MUIRHEAD ........ .............................. 79

Methods for Growing S irillum lipoferum and for Counting It in Pure Culture andin Association wit Plants. YAACOV OKON, STEPHAN L. ALBRECHT, AND R.H. BURRIS* ........................................................... 85

Effects of Naturally Occurring Aquatic Organic Fractions on 24'Am Uptake byScenedesmus obliquus (Chlorophyseae) and Aeromonas hydrophila (Pseudo-monadaceae). JOHN P. GIESY, JR.,* AND DONALD PAINE ..... ............ 89

Receptor Site on Clover and Alfalfa Roots for Rhizobium. FRANK B. DAzzo ANDWINSTON J. BRILL*.................................................... 132

Modification of Membrane Diffusion Chambers for Deep-Water Studies. C. B.FLIERMANS AND R. W. GORDEN .......................................... 207

Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologySanitation in Self-Service Automatic Washers. LINDA E. BuFoRD, MARY S.

PicKErr, AND PAUL A. HARTMAN* ........ ............................... 74Aerobic Microbial Flora of Intertrigenous Skin. RAZA ALY* AND HowARw I.

MAIBACH ............................................................. 97Products Formed from Analogues of 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-Bis(p-Chlorophenyl)-

Ethane (DDT) Metabolites by Pseudomonas putida. R. V. SUBBA-RAO ANDM. ALEXANDER*....................................................... 101

Persistence of Poliovirus 1 in Soil and on Vegetables Grown in Soil PreviouslyFlooded with Inoculated Sewage Sludge or Effluent. JOHN T. TIERNEY,ROBERT SULLIVAN, AND EDWARD P. LARKIN* ............................. 109

Aeromonas Distribution and Survival in a Thermally Altered Lake. C. B.FLIERMANS, R. W. GORDEN, T. C. HAZEN, AND G. W. ESCH ..... ........... 114

Aggregation of Poliovirus and Reovirus by Dilution in Water. ROGER FLOYD ANDD. G. SHARP*.......................................................... 159

Poliovirus Aggregates and Their Survival in Water. D. C. YOUNG AND D. G.SHARP* ............................................................... 168

Slide Staining Device for Use During Space Flight. R. M. BRocKErr,* J. BRAY,J. L. DAY, J. K. FERGUSON, AND J. M. WALSH ........................... 203

Chemically Defined Medium for Rothia dentocariosa. R. J. LESHER* AND S. J.DEAL ................................................................. 213

Food Microbiology and ToxicologySome Nutritional Characteristics of a Naturally Occurring Alga (Microcystis sp.)

in a Guatemalan Lake. GABRIEL DE LA FUENTE, ANTONIO FLORES, MARIO R.MOLINA,* LETICIA ALMENGOR, AND RICARDo BRESSANI ..... ............... 6

Enteropathogenicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Ligated Rabbit Ileum.DAVID F. BROWN,* PROCTER L. SPAULDING, AND ROBERT M. TWEDT ........ 10

* Asterisk refers to person to whom inquiries regarding the paper should be addressed.

xv

Ionic Bonding, the Mechanism of Viral Uptake by Shellfish Mucus. RUDOLPH DiGIROLAMO,* JOHN LISTON, AND J. MATCHES ....... ....................... 19

Thermal Resistance of Bacillus subtilis var. niger in a Closed System. J. T.PEELER,* A. L. REYES, R. G. CRAwFoRD, A. J. WEHBY, AND J. E. CAMPBELL 52

Comparison of Methods for the Isolation of Salmonella from Imported Frog Legs.W. H. ANDREWS,* C. R. WILSON, P. L. POELMA, AND A. ROMERO .... ...... 65

Incidence and Properties of Temperate Bacteriophages Induced from LacticStreptococci. ALAN R. HuGGINS AND WLuLIAM E. SANDINE*............... 184

Partial Purification and Some Properties of Tyrosine Phenol-Lyase from Aero-monas phenologenes ATCC 29063. G. M. CARMAN AND R. E. LEVIN* ..... 192

Coliforms from Hides and Meat. K. G. NEWTON,* J. C. L. HARRISON, AND K. M.SMITH ............................................................... 199

Two Plating Media Modified with Tween 80 for Isolating Yersinia enterocolitica.W. H. LEE ............................................................ 215

Comparison of Microbial Counts on Beef Carcasses by Using the Moist-Swab Con-tact Method and Secondary Tissue Removal Techniques. C. R. LAZARUS, A.ABu-KAKAR, R. L. WEST,* AND J. L. OBLINGER ...... ................... 217

MycotoxinsMutant ofAspergillus flavus Producing More Aflatoxin B2 than B1. K. E. PAPA 206Production of Cyclopiazonic Acid by Aspergillus fkavus Link. K. C. LUK, B.

KOBBE,* AND J. M. TOWNSEND .......... ................................ 211

Metabolism and ProductsPurification and Specificity of Bacteriolytic Enzyme I from Hartmannella glebae.

J. M. UPADHYAY,* B. A. MARES, D. M. HEMELT, AND P. G. RIVET .1Microbial Transformation of 8-Chloro-10,11-Dihydrodibenz(b,f) (1,4)Oxazepine by

Fungi. JAMES JIU,* SETH MIZUBA, AND JEREMY HRIBAR .................. 26End Products and Fermentation Balances for Lactic Streptococci Grown Aero-

bically on Low Concentrations of Glucose. W. V. BROWN AND E. B.COLLINS* ............................................................. 38

Production and Purification of Thermostable Amylase and Protease of Thermo-monospora viridis. MARY E. UPTON* AND WILLIAM M. FOGARTY .... ...... 59

Fermentation of L-Aspartate by a Saccharolytic Strain of Bacteroides melanino-genicus. JASON c. WONG, JOHN K. DYER,* AND JACK L. TRIBBLE .......... 69

Hydrogen Production by Nitrogen-Starved Cultures of Anabaena cylindrica.JOSEPH C. WEISSMAN* AND JOHN R. BENEMANN ...... .................... 123

Hydrolysis of Lactose by Immobilized Microorganisms. KUNIO OHMIYA,* HIROSHIOHASHI, TAKESHI KOBAYASHI, AND SHOICHI SHIMIZU ..... ................ 137

Conidiogenesis and Secondary Metabolism in Penicillium urticae. JUNICHISEKIGUCHI AND G. MAURICE GAUCHER* ....... .......................... 147

Semiquantitative Plate Assay for Determination of Cellulase Production byTrichoderma viride. BLAND S. MONTENECOURT* AND DOUGLAS E. EVELEIGH 178

Production of Gibberellic Acid Using a Dairy Waste as the Basal Medium. I. S.MADDOX* AND S. H. RICHERT .......... ................................. 201

XVi CONTENTS

Volume 33 Contents for February Number 2General Microbial Ecology

Amorphous Ferrous Sulfide as a Reducing Agent for Culture of Anaer-obes. THOMAS D. BROCK* AND KATHLEEN O'DEA ...... .................. 254

Effect of Sulfate on Carbon and Electron Flow During Microbial Methanogenesisin Freshwater Sediments. M. R. WINFREY AND J. G. ZEIKUS* ..... ....... 275

Influence of Hydrostatic Pressure on the Effects of the Heavy Metal Cations ofManganese, Copper, Cobalt, and Nickel on the Growth of Three Deep-SeaBacterial Isolates. EDWARD J. ARCURI AND HENRY L. EHRLICH* .... ...... 282

Association of Hydrogen Metabolism with Methanogenesis in Lake Mendota Sedi-ments. M. R. WINFREY, D. R. NELSON, S. C. KLEVICKIS, AND J. G. ZEIKUS* 312

Fermentation of Mucin and Plant Polysaccharides by Strains of Bacteroides fromthe Human Colon. A. A. SALYERS,* J. R. VERCELOTTI, S. E. H. WEST, AND T.D. WILKINS ............................................................ 319

Tetrahydrofolate and Other Growth Requirements of Certain Strains of Rumino-coccus flavefaciens. L. L. SLYTER* AND J. M. WEAVER ..... .............. 363

Nitrogen-Fixing Enterobacter agglomerans Isolated from Guts of Wood-EatingTermites. C. J. POTRIKUS AND JOHN A. BREZNAK* ...... ................. 392

In Situ Morphology of the Gut Microbiota of Wood-Eating Termites [Reticuli-termes flavipes (Kollar) and Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki]. JOHN A.BREZNAK* AND H. STUART PANKRANTZ .................................. 406

Reduction of Sulfur by Spirillum 5175 and Syntrophism with Chlorobium. R. S.WOLFE* AND NORBERT PFENNIG ......... ................................ 427

Continuous Culture of Mixed Oral Flora on Hydroxyapatite-Coated GlassBeads. SARA Z. SUDO ............ ..................................... 450

Leakage of Cellular Material from Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in the Presence ofOrganic Acids. JON H. TUTTLE, PATRICK R. DUGAN,* AND WILLIAM A. APEL 459

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Vaginal Colonization. BRYAN LARSEN,* A. J.MARKOVETZ, AND R. P. GALASK ........ ................................. 470

Bacterial Oxidation of Polythionates: Determination of Tetrathionate with an Ion-Selective Electrode. OLLI H. TUOVINEN* AND D. J. DONALD NICHOLAS .... 477

Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologyImproved Enumeration of Streptomyces spp. on a Starch Casein Salt Me-

dium. SHIRLEY J. MACKAY ......... ................................... 227Confirmation of the Single-Step Membrane Filtration Procedure for Estimating

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Densities in Water. B. J. DUTKA* AND K. K.KWAN ................................................................240

Lead Inhibition of Enzyme Synthesis in Soil. MICHAEL A. COLE .... .......... 262Thermophilic Methane Production from Cattle Waste. V. H. VAREL, H. R. ISAAC-

SON, AND M. P. BRYANT* .......... ..................................... 298

Regeneration of Pleated Filters Used to Concentrate Enteroviruses from LargeVolumes of Tap Water. SAMUEL R. FARRAH, CHARLES P. GERBA, SAGAR M.GOYAL, CRAIG WALLIS, AND JOSEPH L. MELNICK* ..... .................... 308

Inactivation of Polioviruses and Coxsackieviruses in Surface Water. R. T.O'BRIEN* AND JUDITH S. NEWMAN ....... ............................... 334

Effect of Temperature, Aeration, and Moisture on CO2 Formation in Bench-ScaleContinuously Thermophilic Composting of Solid Waste. D. J. SULER AND M.S. FINSTEIN............................................................ 345

CONTENTS x*ii

Degradation of Malathion by Salt-Marsh Microorganisms. A. W. BOURQUIN ... 356Occurrence of Human-Associated Yeasts in Bivalve Shellfish from Long Island

Sound. JOHN D. BUCK,* PATRICIA M. BUBUCIS, AND THEODORE J. COMBS.. 370

Microbiological Profiles of the Viking Spacecraft. J. R. PULEO,* N. D. FIELDS, S.L. BERGSTROM, G. S. OXBORROW, P. D. STABEKIS, AND R. C. KOUKOL ...... 379

Inactivation of Clay-Associated Bacteriophage MS-2 by Chlorine. CHARLES H.STAGG, CRAIG WALLIS,* AND CALVIN H. WARD ...... ..................... 385

Food Microbiology and ToxicologyProcedures Involving Liquid Media for Detection of Bacterial Contamination in

Breweries. H. J. J. VAN VUUREN,* H. A. Louw, M. A. Loos, AND R. MEISEL 246Study of Conditions for Production of Roquefortine and Other Metabolites of

Penicillium roqueforti. P. M. SCOTT,* B. P. C. KENNEDY, J. HARWIG, AND B.J. BLANCHFIELD....................................................... 249

Variations in the Microbial Log Reduction Curves of Irradiated Cod Fillets,Shrimp, and Their Respective Homogenates. JOHN H. GREEN AND JOHN D.KAYLOR ............................................................... 323

Effect of Beef Broth Protein on the Thermal Inactivation of Staphylococcal Entero-toxin B. I. C. LEE, K. E. STEVENSON, AND L. G. HARMON* ..... .......... 341

Isolation and Molecular Size of Clostridium botulinum Type C Toxin. BUNEISYUTO AND SHUICHIRO KUBO* .......... ................................ 400

Plating Medium for Differentiating Salmonella arizonae from Other Salmonel-lae. ALLAN M. LITTELL ................................................ 485

MycotoxinsIsolation and Identification of Xanthomegnin, Viomellein, Rubrosulphin, and

Viopurpurin as Metabolites ofPenicillium viridicatum. MICHAEL E. STACK,*ROBERT M. EPPLEY, PETER A. DREIFUSS, AND ALBERT E. POHLAND .... ..... 351

Media for Identification of Gibberella zeae and Production of F-2 (Zearale-none). CHARLES W. BACON,* JOE D. ROBBINS, AND JAMES K. PORTER ..... 445

Metabolism and ProductsFatty Acid Fingerprints of Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10832 Grown at Various

Temperatures. D. B. DRUCKER* AND F. J. VEAZEY ...... ................ 221Lipid Accumulation in an Oleaginous Yeast (Candida 107) Growing on Glucose in

Single-Stage Continuous Culture. COLIN 0. GILL, MICHAEL J. HALL, ANDCOLIN RATLEDGE ....................................................... 231

Effect of Culture Conditions on Synthesis of L-Asparaginase by Escherichia coli A-1. W. R. BARNES, G. L. DORN, AND G. R. VELA* ...... .................. 257

Growth Characteristics of a New Methylomonad. BILL J. CHEN, WILLIAM HIRT,HENRY C. LIM, AND GEORGE T. TSAO* ................................... 269

Fermentation of Cellulose and Cellobiose by Clostridium thermocellum in theAbsence and Presence of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. P. J.WEIMER AND J. G. ZEIKUS ............ .................................. 289

Radiolabeling of and Macromolecular Syntheses in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Types 1and 4. DANIEL V. LIM,* ANN N. JAMES, AND ROBERT P. WILLIAMS ........ 328

Stable Gas-Liquid Chromatography Column for Fatty Acid Analysis. LYDELL B.HANSEN,* LYLE KUHNLEY, AND CHARLES T. KENNER ...... ............... 480

MethodsRapid Method for Detection of Urea Hydrolysis by Yeasts. D. K. PALIWAL AND H.

S. RANDHAWA*......................................................... 219

xviii CONTENTS

Generalized Indicator Plate for Genetic, Metabolic, and Taxonomic Studies withMicroorganisms. BARRY R. BOCHNER* AND MICHAEL A. SAVAGEAU ....... 434

Correction for the Inherent Error in Optical Density Readings. J. V. LAWRENCE*AND S. MAIER .......................................................... 482

ErratumStability ofBacillus pumilus Spore Strips used for Monitoring Radiation Steriliza-

tion. HERBERT N. PRINCE ........... .................................. 488

Volume 33 Contents for March Number 3General Microbial Ecology

Factors Affecting the Cellulolytic Activity of Rumen Contents. COLIN S. STEW-ART ................................................................... 497

Use of Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate as an Indicator of the Microbiota Biomass inRumen Contents. C. W. FORSBERG* AND K. LAM ...... .................. 528

Relationship of Vaginal Cytology to Alterations of the Vaginal Microflora of RatsDuring the Estrous Cycle. BRYAN LARSEN,* A. J. MARKOVETZ, AND R. P.GALASK ............................................................... 556

Comparison of Nitrogen Fixation Activity in Tall and Short Spartina alternifloraSalt Marsh Soils. ROGER B. HANSON ................................... 596

The Environment and the Microbial Ecology of Human Skin. MOLLIE E. Mc-BRIDE,* W. CHRISTOPHER DUNCAN, AND J. M. KNOX ..... ................. 603

Acetylene Reduction by Soil Cores of Maize and Sorghum in Brazil. JOHN TJEP-KEMA* AND PETER VAN BERKUM ......... ............................... 626

Survival of a Psychrophilic Marine Vibrio Under Long-Term Nutrient Starva-tion. JAMES A. NOVITSKY AND RICHARD Y. MORITA* ..... ................ 635

Retrieval of Concentrated and Undecompressed Microbial Populations from theDeep Sea. H. W. JANNASCH* AND C. 0. WIRSEN ...... .................. 642

Dietary Effects on the Composition of Fecal Flora of Rats. KING-THOM CHUNG,*GEORGE E. FULK, AND SIDNEY J. SILVERMAN ...... ....................... 654

Resistance of Cysts of Amoebae to Microbial Decomposition. R. A. BARRETT ANDM. ALEXANDER*......................................................670

Microtechnique for Most-Probable-Number Analysis. R. RowE, R. TODD,* AND J.WAIDE ................................................................675

Tentative Identification of Methanogenic Bacteria by Fluorescence Micros-copy. RONALD W. MINK AND PATRICK R. DUGAN* ..... .................. 713

Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologyLimax Amoebae in Public Swimming Pools of Albany, Schenectady, and Rensse-

laer Counties, New York: Their Concentration, Correlations, and Signifi-cance. THOMAS B. LYONS III AND RAMESH KAPUR ..... .................. 551

Occurrence ofEscherichia coli in Wild Cottontail Rabbits. R. KOZLOWSKI,* P. J.GLANTZ, AND R. G. ANTHONY .......... ................................. 563

Evaluation of Recovery Methods to Detect Coliforms in Water. G. K. BISSON-NETTE,* J. J. JEZESKI, G. A. MCFETERS, AND D. G. STUART .... ........... 590

Virus and Bacteria Removal from Wastewater by Rapid Infiltration ThroughSoil. STEPHEN A. SCHAUB* AND CHARLES A. SORBER.....................609

Continuous Open Flow-Through System as a Model for Oil Biodegradation in theArctic Ocean. AMIKAM HOROWITZ AND RONALD M. ATLAS*.647

CONTENTS XiX

Sensitivity of Various Bacteria, Including Actinomycetes, and Fungi to Cadmiumand the Influence of pH on Sensitivity. H. BABICH AND G. STOTZKY* ...... 681

Reductions in the Toxicity of Cadmium to Microorganisms by Clay Minerals. H.BABICH AND G. STOTZKY* ............................................... 696

Isolation of Atypical Candida albicans from the North Sea. S. A. CROW, P. I.BOWMAN, AND D. G. AHEARN* ......... ................................. 738

Food Microbiology and ToxicologyStability of Lactic Acid Bacteria to Freezing as Related to Their Fatty Acid

Composition. I. GOLDBERG* AND L. ESCHAR ............................. 489Bacteriological Investigation of Alberta Meat-Packing Plant Wastes with Empha-

sis on Salmonella Isolation. J. M. VANDERPOST* AND J. B. BELL .... ...... 538Effects of Varying Concentrations of Novobiocin Incorporated into Two Salmonella

Plating Media on the Recovery of Four Enterobacteriaceae. L. RESTAINO,* G.S. GRAUMAN, W. A. MCCALL, AND W. M. HILL ........................... 585

Modified Radioimmunoassay Determination for Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B inFoods. ZALMON POBER AND GERALD J. SILVERMAN* ..... ................. 620

Timed-Release Capsule Method for the Detection of Salmonellae in Foods andFeeds. WILLIAM H. SVEUM AND PAUL A. HARTMAN* ..... ............... 630

Comparative Study of Two Methods for Detection of Clostridium perfringens inGround Beef. B. S. EMSWILER,* C. J. PIERSON, AND A. W. KOTULA ....... 735

MycotoxinsProduction of the Tremorgenic Mycotoxins Verruculogen and Fumitremorgin B by

Penicillium piscarium Westling. R. T. GALLAGHER* AND G. C. M. LATCH . 730Metabolism and Products

Properties of an Immobilized Pesticide-Hydrolyzing Enzyme. DOUGLAS M. MUN-NECKE ............................................................... 503

Purification and Some Biological Properties of Asparaginase from Azotobactervinelandii. S. A. GAFFAR* AND Y. I. SHETHNA ...... .................... 508

Form of Vitamin B12 and Its Role in a Methanol-Utilizing Bacterium, Protamino-bacter ruber. KAZUYOSHI SATO,* SHUNSAKU UEDA, AND SHOICHI SHIMIZU . 515

Production of Kestoses (Fructosylsucroses) by Phytophthora parasitica var. nico-tianae. LESTER HANKIN* AND JOHN L. MCINTYRE ...... ................. 522

Control of Sexual Reproduction in Gibberella zeae (Fusarium roseum "Grami-nearum"). J. C. WOLF AND C. J. MIROCHA* ...... ....................... 546

Mutant of Methylomonas methanolica and Its Characterization with Respect toBiomass Production from Methanol. LENA HAGGSTROM ..... ............. 567

Lipid Accumulation in an Oleaginous Yeast (Candida 107) Growing on GlucoseUnder Various Conditions in a One- and Two-Stage Continuous Cul-ture. MICHAEL J. HALL AND COLIN RATLEDGE* ...... .................... 577

Bacterial Growth Kinetics on Diphenylmethane and Naphthalene-Heptamethyl-nonane Mixtures. RICHARD S. WODZINSKI* AND DAVID LAROCCA .... ...... 660

Application of Oxygen-Enriched Aeration in the Conversion of Glycerol to Dihy-droxyacetone by Gluconobacter melanogenus IFO 3293. M. C. FLICKINGER*AND D. PERLMAN....................................................... 706

Characterization of a Cytoplasmic Reserve Glucan from Ruminococcus al-bus. K.-J. CHENG, R. G. BROWN, AND J. W. COSTERTON ..... ............ 718

Extradiol Cleavage of 3-Methylcatechol by Catechol 1,2-Dioxygenase from VariousMicroorganisms. C. T. HoU,* R. PATEL, AND M. 0. LILLARD.725

xx CONTENTS

Induction and Catabolite Repression of Glucosidases in Pseudomonas maltophi-lia. R. S. BOETHLING.................................................. 8

Preparation and Activity of Immobilized Acetobacter suboxydans Cells. G.WAYNE SCHNARR, WALTER A. SZAREK,* AND J. K. N. JoNEs .............. 732

MethodsTransparent Plastic Incubator for the Anaerobic Glove Box. EDWARD BALISH,*

JAMES F. BROWN, AND TRACY D. WILKINS ............................... 525Multisurface Glass Roller Bottle for Growth of Animal Cells in Culture. ERNEST

KNIGHT, JR............................................................ 666Simple Procedure for Large-Scale Assays for Chick Interferon. GUNTER VIE H-

HAUSER ............................................................... 740

Volume 33 Contents for April Number 4General Microbial Ecology

Characteristics of Bacteroides Isolates from the Cecum of ConventionalMice. GERALD W. TANNOCK ........... ................................ 745

Muramic Acid as a Measure of Microbial Biomass in Estuarine and MarineSamples. JOHN D. KING AND DAVID C. WHITE* ...... ................... 777

Resistance ofRhizobium Strains to Phygon, Spergon, and Thiram. OLU ODEYEMIAND M. ALEXANDER*.................................................... 784

Diurnal Changes in Concentration of Rumen Ciliates and in Occurrence of Divid-ing Forms in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalus) Fed Once Daily. T. MICHAL-OWSKI* ............................................................... 802

Succession of Streptococcus bovis Strains with Differing Bacteriophage Sensitivi-ties in the Rumens of Two Fistulated Sheep. W. G. IVERSON AND N. F.MILLIS* ............................................................... 810

Alternative Model and Approach for Determining Microbial Heterotrophic Activi-ties in Aquatic Systems. A. S. DIETZ, L. J. ALBRIGHT,* AND T. TUOMINEN 817

Nitrogen Fixation (Acetylene Reduction) in a Salt Marsh Amended with SewageSludge and Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Compounds. ROGER B. HANSON. 846

Energetics of Streptococcal Growth Inhibition by Hydrostatic Pressure. PHILIPMATSUMURA AND ROBERT E. MARQUIS* .................................. 885

Nitrification in Histosols: a Potential Role for the Heterotrophic Nitri-fier. ROBERT L. TATE III ............ .................................. 911

Factors Affecting Nitrification In Situ in a Heated Stream. JAMES P. WHITE,*DAVID P. SCHWERT, JOANNE PIERCE ONDRAKO, AND LOUISE L. MORGAN .... 915

Numerically Dominant Denitrifying Bacteria from World Soils. THOMAS N.GAMBLE, MICHAEL R. BETLACH, AND JAMES M. TIEDJE* ..... .............. 926

Determination of Bacterial Number and Biomass in the Marine Environ-ment. STANLEY W. WATSON,* THOMAS J. NOVITSKY, HELEN L. QUINBY, ANDFREDERICA W. VALOIS ............... ................................... 940

Antigenicity of Bdellovibrios. THEODORE T. KRAMER* AND JORGEN M. WESTER-GAARD ................................................................ 967

Simple, Effective Method for Purifying the AS-1 Cyanophage. M. B. BARKLEYAND P. R. DESJARDINS* ................................................. 971

Linkage of Mercury, Cadmium, and Arsenate and Drug Resistance in ClinicalIsolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. HIDEOMI NAKAHARA,* TOMOAKI ISHI-

XXiCONTENTS

KAWA, YASUNAGA SARAI, ISAMU KONDO, HIROYUKI KOZUKUE, AND SIMONSILVER ................................................................ 975

Glucose-i-Phosphate as a Selective Substrate for Enumeration of BacteroidesSpecies in the Rumen. BURK A. DEHORITY* AND JEAN A. GRUBB ......... 998

Technique for Isolating Phage for Azotobacter vinelandii. PAUL E. BISHOP, MARKA. SUPIANO, AND WINSTON J. BRILL*.... ................................ 1007

Isolation of a Cellulolytic Bacteroides sp. from Human Feces. H. G. BETIAN, B.A. LINEHAN, M. P. BRYANT,* AND L. V. HOLDEMAN... ................... 1009

Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologyUse of an Axenic Medium for Differentiation Between Pathogenic and Nonpatho-

genic Naegleria fowleri Isolates. JOHAN DE JONCKHEERE ................ 751Salmonella in Surface Waters of Central New York State. N. C. DONDERO,*

CONSTANCE T. THOMAS, MOHAN KHARE, J. F. TIMONEY, AND G. M. FUKUI 791Toxicity and Mutagenicity of Hexavalent Chromium on Salmonella typhimu-

rium. FERNANDO L. PETRILLI AND SILVIo DE FLORA*.................... 805Ambient-Temperature Primary Nonselective Enrichment for Isolation of Salmo-

nella spp. from an Estuarine Environment. J. B. KAPER, G. S. SAYLER, M.M. BALDINI, AND R. R. COLWELL*...... ................................. 829

Identification of the Virucidal Agent in Wastewater Sludge. RICHARD L. WARD*AND CAROL S. ASHLEY .................................................. 860

Pyrolysis Gas-Liquid Chromatography of the Genus Bacillus: Effect of GrowthMedia on Pyrochromatogram Reproducibility. G. S. OXBORROW, N. D.FIELDS, AND J. R. PULEO*.............................................. 865

Klebsielleae in Drinking Water Emanating from Redwood Tanks. RAMON J.SEIDLER,* JAN E. MORROW, AND S. T. BAGLEY .... ....................... 893

Oxidative Coupling of Aromatic Pesticide Intermediates by a Fungal PhenolOxidase. RoY D. SJOBLAD AND JEAN-MARC BOLLAG*.... ................. 906

Inactivation by Ionizing Radiation of Salmonella enteritidis Serotype montevideoGrown in Composted Sewage Sludge. J. R. BRANDON,* W. D. BURGE, AND N.K. ENKIRI............................................................. 1011

Food Microbiology and ToxicologyRecovery of Clostridia on Catalase-Treated Plating Media. STANLEY M. HARMON

AND DONALD A. KAUTTER............................................... 762Iodination of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B by Use of Chloramine-T. D. S. ORTH* 824Microbiological Characteristics of Pacific Shrimp (Pandalusjordani). J. S. LEE*

AND D. K. PFEIFER.................................................... 853Amino Acid Profiles and Presumptive Nutritional Assessment of Single-Cell Pro-

tein from Certain Lactobacilli. M. D. ERDMAN, W. G. BERGEN, AND C.ADINARAYANA REDDY*................................................. 901

Use of Enzyme-Labeled Antibodies to Detect Salmonella in Foods. E. P. KRYSIN-SKI AND R. C. HEIMSCH*................................................ 947

Comparison of Sulfite-Polymyxin-Sulfadiazine Medium and Tryptose-Sulfite-Cy-closerine Medium Without Egg Yolk for Recovering Clostridium perfrin-gens. D. S. ORTH ...................................................... 986

MycotoxinsProduction of [14C]Patulin by Penicillium patulum. W. K. NIP AND F. S. CHU* 814Production and Antibacterial Activity of Malformin C, a Toxic Metabolite of

Aspergillus niger. B. KOBBE, M. CUSHMAN, G. N. WOGAN, AND A. L.DEMAIN* .............................................................. 996

* ai CONTENTS

CONTENTS

Production and Biological Activity of Patulin and Citrinin from Penicillium expan-sum. A. CIEGLER, R. F. VESONDER, AND LINDA K. JACKSON ..... ......... 1004

Metabolism and ProductsFungal Growth on Cl Compounds: Quantitative Aspects of Growth of a Methanol-

Utilizing Strain of Trichoderma lignorum in Batch Culture. ROWENA TYEAND ANDREW WILLETTS* .............. ................................. 758

Oxidation of Linear Terpenes and Squalene Variants by Arthrobactersp. YASUHIRO YAMADA, NOBUMI KUSUHARA, AND HIROSUKE OKADA* ..... 771

Cell Growth and Catecholase Production for Polyporus versicolor in SubmergedCulture. PAUL A. CARROAD AND CHARLES R. WILKE* ...... .............. 836

Maintenance Procedures for the Curtailment of Genetic Instability: Xanthomonascampestris NRRL B-1459. DENIS KIDBY, PAUL SANDFORD,* ALBERTA HER-MAN, AND MARTIN CADMUS ............. ................................ 840

Exponential Growth Kinetics for Polyporus versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus inSubmerged Culture. PAUL A. CARROAD* AND CHARLES R. WILKE .... ..... 871

Growth and Cell Volume ofEuglena gracilis in Different Media. T. E. SHEHATA*AND E. S. KEMPNER .................. ................................. 874

Bioassay for Homogeneous Parasporal Crystal ofBacillus thuringiensis Using theTobacco Hornworm, Manduca sexta. JOHN H. SCHESSER, KARL J. KRAMER,AND LEE A. BULLA, JR.* .............. ................................. 878

n-Alkane Oxidation Enzymes of a Pseudomonad. VASU R. PAREKH, R. W. TRAX-LER,* AND J. M. SOBEK ............... .................................. 881

Citrate, a Specific Substrate for the Isolation of Clostridium sphenoides. R.WALTHER, H. HIPPE, AND G. GOTTSCHALK ................................ 955

Ethylene Production by Soil Microorganisms. P. J. CONSIDINE,* N. FLYNN, ANDJ. W. PATCHING....................................................... 977

Rapid Tube Test for Detecting Fungal Cellulase Production. R. E. SMITH ..... 980

Mannitol Oxidation in Two Micromonospora Isolates and in Representative Spe-cies of Other Actinomycetes. R. J. MEHTA,* L. R. FARE, M. E. SHEARER, ANDC. H. NASH ........................................................... 1013

Unaltered Metabolism of Taurolithocholic Acid with Changes in Composition ofRat Intestinal Microflora. M. I. KELSEY,* S. SEXTON, G. E. FULK, AND K.-T.CHUNG ............................................................... 1016

MethodsContinuous-Flow System for Large-Scale Ultraviolet Irradiation of Bacterial

Cells. J. G. JOSHI* AND P. A. SWENSON ................................ 915Improved Procedure for Crystallization of Clostridium botulinum Type A Toxic

Complexes. H. SUGIYAMA,* L. J. MOBERG, AND S. L. MESSER .... ........ 963Multiple Syringe Inoculator for Agar Plates. TATSUO KANEKO, MAXINE HOLDER-

FRANKLIN, AND MERVYN FRANKLIN* ........ ............................ 982

Construction of a Kit of Reference Strains for Rapid Genetic Mapping in Bacillussubtilis 168. R. A. DEDONDER,* J-A. LEPESANT, J. LEPESANT-KEJZLAROVA',A. BILLAULT, M. STEINMETZ, AND F. KUNST ............................. 989

Autoclavable Dispenser for Disposable Pipette Tips. SHELDON A. LONDON* .... 994Internal Standards for Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Metabolic End Products

from Anaerobic Bacteria. J. W. MAYHEW AND S. L. GORBACH.1002

xxiii

Volume 33 Contents for May Number 5

General Microbial EcologyCharacterization of the Predominant Bacteria Occurring in the Rumen of Goats

(Capra hircus). B. A. DEHORITY* AND JEAN A. GRUBB ................... 1030General Model of Microbial Growth and Decomposition in Aquatic Ecosys-

tems. L. S. CLESCERI,* R. A. PARK, AND J. A. BLOOMFIELD ............... 1047New Microbial Growth Factor. S. H. BOK AND L. E. CASIDA, JR.* .... ........ 1085Urease Assay and Urease-Producing Species of Anaerobes in the Bovine Rumen

and Human Feces. M. A. WOZNY, M. P. BRYANT,* L. V. HOLDEMAN, AND W.E. C. MOORE ......................................................... 1097

Growth of Desulfovibrio in Lactate or Ethanol Media Low in Sulfate in Associationwith H2-Utilizing Methanogenic Bacteria. M. P. BRYANT,* L. LEON CAMP-BELL, C. A. REDDY, AND M. R. CRABILL ........ .......................... 1162

Use of Lipid Composition and Metabolism to Examine Structure and Activity ofEstuarine Detrital Microflora. JOHN D. KING, DAVID C. WHITE,* AND CE-CILE W. TAYLOR ....................................................... 1177

Lactobacilli Isolated from the Stomach of Conventional Mice. SALLY ROACH,DWAYNE C. SAVAGE, AND GERALD W. TANNOCK* ...... ................... 1197

Osmoregulation in Symbiosis-Independent Mutants of Bdellovibrio bacteriovo-rus. MAZAL VARON* AND JULIE SEIJFFERS ....... ....................... 1207

Medium for the Selective Isolation of Members of the Genus Pseudomonas fromNatural Habitats. MICHAEL A. GRANT* AND JOHN G. HOLT .... .......... 1222

Use of Nuclepore Filters for Counting Bacteria by Fluorescence Microscopy. J. E.HOBBIE,* R. J. DALEY, AND S. JASPER ........ ........................... 1225

Comparison of Two Direct-Count Techniques for Enumerating Aquatic Bacte-ria. WILLIAM B. BOWDEN* ............. ............................... 1229

Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologyDestruction of Coliforms in Water and Sewage Water by Dye-Sensitized Photooxi-

dation. A. J. ACHER* AND B. J. JUVEN ................................ ; 1019Small Pet Aquarium Frogs as a Source ofSalmonella. KAREN H. BARTLETT, T. J.

TRUST,* AND H. LIOR ................................................... 1026Effect of Cadmium on Fungi and on Interactions Between Fungi and Bacteria in

Soil: Influence of Clay Minerals and pH. H. BABICH AND G. STOTZKY* .... 1059Toxic Effect of Water-Soluble Fractions of Crude, Refined, and Weathered Oils on

the Growth of a Marine Bacterium. LYN F. GRIFFIN AND JOHN A. CALDER* 1092Significance of Fecal Coliform-PositiveKlebsiella. SUSAN T. BAGLEY AND RAMON

J. SEIDLER* ......................................................... 1141Evaluation of a New Presumptive Medium for Group D Streptococci. ROBERT L.

ABSHIRE* ............................................................. 1149Effect of Combined Heat and Radiation on Microbial Destruction. D. A. FISHER

AND I. J. PFLUG* ...................................................... 1170Concentration of Enteroviruses from Estuarine Water. SAMUEL R. FARRAH, SA-

GAR M. GOYAL, CHARLES P. GERBA, CRAIG WALLIS, AND JOSEPH L. MELNICK* 1192Comparison of Four Selective Agars for the Isolation of Pseudomonads. A. HART*

AND PATRICIA E. KITE................................................. 1209Inactivation of Poliovirus in Wastewater Sludge with Radiation and Thermoradia-

tion. RICHARD L. WARD*............................................... 1218

XXiV CONTENTS

Food Microbiology and ToxicologyIndonesian Tape Ketan Fermentation. T. C. CRONK, K. H. STEINKRAUS,* L. R.

HACKLER, AND L. R. MATTICK .......... ................................ 1067Diluent Sensitivity in Thermally Stressed Cells of Pseudomonas fluores-

cens. RODNEY J. H. GRAY,* Z. JOHN ORDAL, AND LLOYD D. WITTER ....... 1074Growth of Heat-Injured Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Media Supplemented with

Various Cations. J. H. HEINIS, L. R. BEUCHAT,* AND W. K. JONES ....... 1079

Study of Inhibition of Outgrowth in Bacillus cereus T by Ethyl Picolinate. N. K.PANDEY* AND K. G. GOLLAKOTA......................................... 1105

Catalase and Enumeration of Stressed Staphylococcus aureus Cells. RUSSELL S.FLOWERS, ScoTT E. MARTIN,* DENNIS G. BREWER, AND Z. JOHN ORDAL .... 1112

Minimal Requirements in Defined Media for Improved Growth of Some Radio-Resistant Pink Tetracocci. ANNA SHAPIRO, DEBORAH DILELLO, MARIANNAC. LoUDIS, DOLORES E. KELLER, AND S. H. HUTNER* ...................... 1129

Methyl Bromide as a Microbicidal Fumigant for Tree Nuts. J. E. SCHADE* ANDA. D. KING, JR . ....................................................... 1184

Changes in Lipid Composition of Escherichia coli Resulting from Growth withOrganic Solvents and with Food Additives. L. 0. INGRAM ..... ........... 1233

MycotoxinsNew Species ofAspergillus Producing Sterigmatocystin. C. J. RABIE,* M. STEYN,

AND G. C. VAN SCHALKWYK ............. ............................... 1023Production of Antibody Against Aflatoxin B1. F. S. CHU* AND I. UENO ........ 1125

Metabolism and ProductsBacterial Metabolism of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. DEBORAH DEAN-

RAYMOND AND M. ALEXANDER* ........... .............................. 1037Phosphate Inhibition of Secondary Metabolism in Serratia marcescens. FRANK

R. WITNEY, MARK L. FAILLA, AND E. D. WEINBERG* ...... ................ 1042Laminarinase (,8-Glucanase) Activity in Bacteroides from the Human Colon. A.

A. SALYERS,* J. K. PALMER, AND T. D. WILKINS .......................... 1118Microbiological Transformations of A6a' "°a-Tetrahydrocannabinol. DAVID Fu-

KUDA, ROBERT A. ARCHER, AND BERNARD J. ABBOTT* ...... ............... 1134Purification and Characteristics of an Alginase from Alginovibrio aquatilis. R.

A. STEVENS AND R. E. LEVIN* ........... ............................... 1156

MethodsSerial Propagation of Pneumocystis carinii in Cell Line Cultures. CARMEN R.

LATORRE, ALEXANDER J. SULZER,* AND LOIS G. NORMAN ..... ............. 1204Gentle Lysis of Staphylococcus aureus at Low Temperature. RUSSELL S. FLOw-

ERS, SCOTT E. MARTIN,* AND Z. JOHN ORDAL ....... ...................... 1215Butyl Rubber Stoppers Increase the Shelf Life of Prereduced, Anaerobically Steri-

lized Media. ROBERT S. FULGHUM* AND JOHN M. WORTHINGTON .... ...... 1220

Volume 33 Contents for June Number 6

General Microbial EcologySensitive Enzymatic Assay for Glucose Determination in Natural Waters. B. Z.

CAVARI* AND G. PHELPS ................................................ 1237

CONTENTS xxv

Preparation of Specifically Labeled '4C-(Lignin)- and 14C-(Cellulose)-Lignocellu-loses and Their Decomposition by the Microflora of Soil. DON L. CRAWFORD,*RONALD L. CRAWFORD, AND ANTHONY L. POMETTO III ..................... 1247

Hydrogen Utilization by Clostridia in Sewage Sludge. KYOKO OHWAKI AND R. E.HUNGATE* ............................................................. 1270

Cellulolytic Cocci Isolated from the Cecum of Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus). B.A. DEHORITY ........................................................... 1278

Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologyResponse of Microorganisms to an Accidental Gasoline Spillage in an Arctic

Freshwater Ecosystem. A. HOROWITZ AND R. M. ATLAS* ..... ............ 1252Two-Temperature Membrane Filter Method for Enumerating Fecal Coliform Bac-

teria from Chlorinated Effluents. BARBARA L. GREEN, ELIZABETH M. CLAU-SEN, AND WARREN LITSKY* ........... .................................. 1259

Comparison of Limulus Amebocyte Lysates and Correlation with the United StatesPharmacopeial Pyrogen Test. RUTH E. WACHTEL AND KIYOSHI TsujI* ..... 1265

Food Microbiology and ToxicologySpoilage Association of Chicken Leg Muscle. T. A. MCMEEKIN ..... .......... 1244Penetration of Bacteria into Meat. C. 0. GILL* AND N. PENNEY ..... ......... 1284

MycotoxinsAnalysis of Ochratoxin B Alone and in the Presence of Ochratoxin A, Using

Carboxypeptidase A. KARL HULT,* ELVY HOKBY, AND STEN GATENBECK ... 1275

Metabolism and ProductsProduction and Counting of Spores of Clostridium chauvoei. H. 0. BAGADI .... 1287Baked-Bean Waste: a Potential Substrate for Producing Fungal Amylases. Y. D.

HANG* AND E. E. WOODAMS ........... ................................. 1293Identification of Intermediates Formed During the Degradation of Hexachlorocy-

clohexanes by Clostridium sphenoides. A. D. HERITAGE AND I. C. MAcRAE* 1295

MethodsUse of the Minitek System for Characterizing Lactobacilli. S. E. GILLILAND AND

M. L. SPECK* .......................................................... 1289

XXVi CONTENTS