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Learning Target:

To understand the review

impact of the Roman Empire

and Greece on history: take a

senteo quiz.

Rome Intro

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Italy in 750 BCE

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Early Civilization

-Italy was originally occupied by many different groups of people -Two main groups were Greek colonists and the Etruscans -The Etruscans ruled much of central Italy and Rome itself -Ancestors of the Romans, the Latins, settled in the area that is now Rome around 800 B.C.

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Influence of the Etruscans

Writing Religion The Arch

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Legend of the Founding of Rome

-Legend has it that twin brothers, Romulus and Remus founded the city -According to the tale, the twins’ mother was a Latin woman and their father was the war god Mars -

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Rome is located:

-On the banks of the Tiber River -On and around seven hills

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-Romans drove out their Etruscan ruler and established a republic

- They did not want one person to have all the power

- 509 B.C. Rome is Founded

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Republican Government

2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome)

Senate (Representative body for patricians)

Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)

Structure of the Republic

-Patricians= landholding upper class -Plebeians= farmers, merchants, artisans, -traders -Senate= governing body -Consuls= two patricians -Dictator= assigned to be in charge in the event of a war for six months

Patricians

Plebeians

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The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE

Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.

The Roman Forum

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Carthaginian Empire

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Roman Empire

• Most powerful ancient empire

• At the time of Punic Wars had only

conquered Italy and some of the

surrounding islands.

• Started Punic Wars

The Punic Wars

-Carthage had an empire throughout the Mediterranean -Rome fought Carthage in three wars from 264 B.C. to 146 B.C. (118 years!) Had the largest navy

at the time of 246

B.C.

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First Punic War

• Fought on and around the island

of Sicily

• Rome besieged many

Carthaginian cities in Sicily

• Carthage blockaded Sicily

• Rome destroyed Carthage's

Navy.

• Rome won the first Punic War

Hannibal’s Route

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gbPIyCuGTA

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Hannibal

Trebia and Tresemia

Second Punic War

• Carthage created colonies in Spain

and General Hannibal Attacked

Rome.

• Hannibal captured almost all of Italy.

• Roman General Scipio captured

Spain cutting off supplies to Hannibal.

• Scipio attacked Carthage and

defeated Hannibal

• Rome Controls all of Northern Africa

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Third Punic War

• Rome became afraid Carthage

would attack again.

• Rome attacked Carthage

• Rome decimated the city and

sold the Carthaginians into

slavery.

• Carthage was finally defeated

by Rome after 120 years of

fighting.

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Politics

-Rome grows strong and begins conquering the rest of Italy -By 270 B.C., Rome controls most of the Italian peninsula -Military is made up of citizens

-Rome conquered justly- allowing those conquered to keep their culture, customs, and government- as long as they supplied soldiers, paid taxes, and acknowledge Roman leadership

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Religion -Romans were polytheistic-they believed in many gods and goddesses -Many of the gods were adapted from the Greek gods

Greek God Roman God

Zeus-ruler of all gods Jupiter-ruler of all gods

Hera-wife of Zeus, protected marriage

Juno-wife of Jupiter, protected marriage

Poseidon-god of the sea Neptune-god of the sea

-Roman calendar is full of feasts and celebrations to honor the gods and goddesses -Temples for worship to ask for divine assistance

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Rome’s Early Road System

Roman Roads: The Appian Way

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Roman Aqueducts

The Roman Colosseum

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The Colosseum Interior

Circus Maximus

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Reform Leaders Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus

• the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land.

Military Reformer Gaius Marius

• recruited an army from the poor and homeless.

• professional standing army.

The Gracchus Brothers •The brothers worked to get the state to distribute the land to the poor farmers •They also worked to get the state to buy grain to feed the poor •Senate felt they were a threat to its power, and hired thugs to kill the brothers and their followers

-Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were patricians who were elected tribunes

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Pompey

Civil War & Dictators

Julius Caesar

• Alesia

Julius Caesar

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Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC

The Die is Cast!

The First Triumvirate

Julius Caesar Marcus Licinius Crassus Gaius Magnus Pompey

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Beware the Ides of March! 44 BCE

The Second Triumvirate

Octavian Augustus Marc Antony Marcus Lepidus

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Octavian Augustus: Rome’s First Emperor

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The First Roman Dynasty

Pax Romana: 27 BCE – 180 CE

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The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 CE

The Rise of Christianity

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St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

The Spread of Christianity

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Imperial Roman Road System

The Empire in Crisis: 3c

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Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 CE

Constantine: 312 - 337

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Constantinople: “The 2nd Rome” (Founded in 330)

Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c

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Attila the Hun: “The Scourge of God”

Byzantium: The Eastern Roman Empire

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The Byzantine Empire During the Reign of Justinian

-Civil wars break out to decide who should hold power. The senate wanted to keep the status quo; political leaders wanted to weaken the senate and enact reforms -Slave uprisings throughout the republic -Armies became loyal to their commanders because they gave them benefits such as captured land

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The Byzantine Emperor Justinian

The Legacy of Rome

Republic Government Roman Law Latin Language Roman Catholic Church City Planning Romanesque Architectural Style Roman Engineering

• Aqueducts • Sewage systems • Dams • Cement • Arch

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