ANCIENT ROMEANCIENT ROME

ORIGINS OF ROMEORIGINS OF ROME• 754 BC – Romulus and Remus

–Twins sons of Mars, God of War

–Cast adrift down the Tiber River

–Raised by She-wolf

–Romulus killed his brother Remus

–Romulus est. Roma Quadrata

–1ST King of Rome

ROMULUS AND REMUS

5TH Century Bronze sculpture

PALATINE HILLPALATINE HILL

• 1ST Roman settlements

• Huts of Romulus

• Hills on bank of Tiber River

• Excellent farmland• Center of Italian Peninsula

ROMAN SOCIETYROMAN SOCIETY

• FAMILY was basic unit–Father had Absolute Power

• Women–Larger role than in Greek

society–Most worked at home–In charge of large gatherings

EDUCATIONEDUCATION

–All classes men and women learned to read and write

–Wealthy Romans hired private tutors

–HISTORY was important subject

–Adopted Etruscan’s writing and alphabet

RELIGIONRELIGION–Adopted from Greeks and Etruscans–Etruscan Rituals – helped have favor

with Gods and Goddesses–Roman Gods and Goddesses

• Jupiter – God of Sky and all other Gods

• Juno – wife of Jupiter – Goddess of Marriage

• Mars – God of War (Romulus and Remus)

ROMAN MYTHOLOGYROMAN MYTHOLOGY

EARLY REPUBLICEARLY REPUBLIC600 BC

– Ruled by Etruscan King– City grew to 500 square miles– Valley below Palatine Hill was drained

and made center Public meeting place

509 BC

Tarquin the Proud– Last Tyrant King driven from power– Roman aristocrats declared no more

kings

Roman ForumRoman Forum

Republic– Form of government which citizens have

power to vote

Patricians– Aristocrat landowners that held most of the

power

Plebeians– Common farmer, artisans, and merchants– Majority of population

Tribunes– Elected officials – protected rights of

Plebeians– Became corrupt

GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENTSenate

– 300 Patricians

– Two Consuls (elected officials) –

1. Supervise business affairs

2. Command armies

– During war – Senate would elect Dictator for 6 months

12 Tablets

– 1st Roman written law by Tribunes

EARLY REPUBLICEARLY REPUBLIC

CINCINNATUSCINCINNATUS• Organized army• Led to victory• Returned to

farmland• 16 days total as

Dictator

Q&A1. How was Rome established?

2. Describe the Roman religion.

3. Describe Roman Education.

4. What is a Republic?

5. How was Roman government different from the Greeks?

6. What is a Patrician?

7. What is a Plebeian?

8. What is a Tribune?

9. Who were the Consuls?

PUNIC WARSPUNIC WARS

Roman ArmyRoman Army

• All Citizens who owned land were required to serve in the army

• 10 yrs of service

LEGIONLEGIONInfantry

–5,000-6,000 soldiers

Calvary

–1000 soldiers

Century

–Divisions of Legion

–Could act independently

Flexibility was strength of Legions

3 CATEGORIES OF CONQUERED PEOPLE

1.Latin – full citizenship with right to vote

2.Far territories – citizenship, no right to vote

3.Allies – sent troops to Roman Army, did not make treaties with Roman enemies

ROMAN TRADE

–Location great for land and sea trade

–Variety of foods, olive oil, raw and manufactured goods

–Controlled almost all trade in Mediterranean Sea

Roman powerRoman power

400 BC

• Rome gained control of Italian Penn.

– Expansion weakened and crushed Republic

– More land, More $$, More power, More Corruption and Greed

390 BC – the Gauls (Celtics from the North) sacked Rome

CARTHAGECARTHAGE

Location

–North edge of peninsula on African Coast

–SW of Sicily

• Dominate city in Med

• Controlled Sicily

• Rome wanted the island

PUNIC WARSPUNIC WARS

1ST Punic War

–264-241 BC

–Fought on Sicily and North Africa

–Rome victorious

–Gained control of Sicily and Western Med.

HANNIBALHANNIBAL

• Son of Carthage General

• King during 2nd Punic war

• Raised from birth to hate Romans and vowed Revenge for 1st Punic War

• “Conquer or Die!!!”

Hannibal counting the rings of dead Roman Soldiers

22ndnd Punic War Punic War

218-202 BC

• 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry, 60 elephants

• Hannibal led army across Straits of Gibraltar, through Pyrenees and Alps (1/2 of army did not make it)

• Surprise attack on Roman Empire

• 10 yrs – marched throughout empire at will

Battle of Cannae

– 216 BC

– Hannibal destroyed the bigger Roman Army

• Rome attacked Carthage

– Carthage was left unprotected

• Hannibal had to return to Carthage to defend his city

Battle of Zama

– Romans led by Scipio Africanus

– Ends 2nd Punic War

3rd PUNIC WAR

149-146 BC

Battle of Carthage

– Siege of Carthage

– 6 days of fighting

– Rome sacked Carthage

– Salted the earth so nothing else could grow

– Rest of Carthage died of starvation

Q&AQ&A

1. Who fought in the Punic Wars?

2. What was gained/lost from the 1st Punic War?

3. Who was Hannibal?

4. Describe the 2nd Punic War?

5. What was important about the 3rd Punic War?