ancient rome lasting legacies form of government important people of rome expansion of an empire...
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Ancient Rome
Lasting Legacies
Form of GovernmentImportant People of RomeExpansion of an EmpireArt, Architecture, and Entertainment
Beginning of Rome
Legend of Romulus and Remus
Circa 750 BC
Abandoned brothers
Raised by She-Wolf
Romulus killed Remus
Early Government
Republic
Form of government in which the power rests with the citizens who then vote to select their leaders to represent them
Patricians and Plebeians
Tribunes
Consuls
Senate
Dictator
Roman Republic vs. U. S. Government
Rome United States
Executive 2 Consuls, elected by the assembly for 1 year, commander of army
President, elected by citizens for 4 years, commander of army
Legislative Senate-300 memebers
Tribal Assembly- elected according to where they live
Both elected for life
Senate-100 members, 6 yr terms
House of Representatives-435 members, 2 yr . terms
Judicial Praetors-eight judges chosen for 1 year
Supreme Court-9 justices, appointed for life by President
Legal Code Twelve Tables – list of rules that were the basis of Roman Law
U.S. Constitution
Citizenship All adult male landowners only All native-born or naturalized people
Punic Wars (264 – 146 BC)
Series of 3 wars between Rome and Carthage
Hannibal and Scipio
First Triumvirate60 BC
Union between Pompey, Crassus, & Julius Caesar
Crassus• Very little known about him
• Wealthy Roman businessman, probably a “millionaire”
• Killed while fighting in a war in 53 BC
PompeyRoman GeneralPopular among citizens because of military victories73 BC Defeated slave uprising lead by Spartacus60 BC Married Julia Caesar, daughter of JuliusBecame a rival to Julius, fighting for power and control
Julius Caesar(100 – 44 BC)
Leader of Army in Gaul
Very successful and popular
49 BC began asserting control in ItalyCaused Pompey to flee to Egypt
Appointed Dictator for life in early 44 BC
Assassinated March 15, 44 BC (Ides of March)
Second Triumvirate
43 – 33 BC
Consisted of Lepidus, Marc Antony, and Octavian-nephew of Caesar.
Octavian to become leader and expand the Empire
Marc Antony
Met Cleopatra while in Anatolia with troops
Accused of plotting or rule Rome from Egypt
Defeated by Octavian in 31 BC
Committed suicide with Cleopatra
Augustus (Octavian)63 BC – 14 AD
Nephew and adopted son of Julius CaesarWanted to restore the Republic“Ablest Emperor of Rome”
Reformed the government by adding a civil service, paid workersSystem of roads “All roads lead to Rome”Strengthened army and navyIncreased the size of the Roman Empire
Pax Romana (27 BC – 180 AD)Died in AD 14 of natural causes
Height of Empire
Emperors Successors(Following Augustus)
Tiberius 14-37 AD
Caligula 37-41 AD
Nero 54-68 AD
Trajan 98-117 AD
Marcus Aurelius 161-180 AD
Constantine 272-337 AD
Decline of Roman EmpireDiocletian (245? – 313)
Attempted to reform the EmpireSplits empire into East and WestReforms only slowed the decline, didn’t stop it
Reasons for the decline:Political – office seen as a burden, division of empire, moving of capitalSocial – lack of patriotism, huge difference between rich and poor, little interest in public affairs, low confidence in empireEconomic – poor harvests, inflation, no more war plunder, heavy taxes, disruption of tradeMilitary – threat from northern tribes, low funds for defense, lack of interest in army, lack of loyalty
Fall of the Roman Empire
Germanic Invasions – AD 376-476Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Franks, Anglos, Saxons, Burgundians, and Vandals
Attila the Hun Romulus Augustulus
Last Roman Emperor14 year old boyDeposed and sent into exile in 476
Eastern half of Empire, Byzantine Empire, survives and flourishes