ancient greece. geography greece comprised of peninsula, 2000 islands, eastern edge aegean land ...
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Ancient Greece
Geography
Greece comprised of peninsula, 2000 islands, eastern edge Aegean
Land Very mountainous! (3/4 covered w/ mountains)
Travel hard
Led small, independent city states
Little fertile land
Result small population
Lacked natural resources
“Greeks did not live on land, but around a sea.” Mediterranean, Aegean, Ionian, Black seas
Travel and trade
Climate Moderate temp. led outside lifestyle
The First “Greeks”: The Mycenaeans
Bronze Age people (1600-1200 BCE)
Named after city Mycenae
Is believed people warlike Battle scenes , fortified city walls
City of Mycenae
Mycenae City Walls
Lions Gate Cyclopean Walls
Mycenaean Artifacts
Shaft Graves
Mask of Agamemnon
Beehive Tombs
Minoan Influence on Mycenaeans
Minoans From Island Crete
Seafaring people
“Peaceful”
Minoan Influences Overseas trade
Writing
Minoans = Linear A (undecipherable)
Mycenaeans = Linear B (decipherable)
Heinrich Schliemann
Discovered Mycenae and Troy Convinced discoveries home legendary Kings
Agamemnon and Priam of Trojan War
Epic Poem written by Homer Iliad
Troy
King Priam’s Treasure
The Greek Dark Ages
(DORIANS}
The Dorian Invasion
Decline in Greek Culture
Homer and Hesiod
The Iliad and The Odyssey Theogony and Works and Days
Greek Religion
Basic characteristics
Polytheistic
Hierarchal
Moral guideline Anything in excess improper
Explained world Myths
Olympian Gods and Goddesses
Aphrodite- Love & Beauty
Apollo- Sun & Music
Ares- War
Artemis- Hunt
Athena- Wisdom & Arts
Demeter- Harvest
Dionysus- Wine
Hades- Underworld
Hephaestus- Metallurgy
Hera- Family
Hermes- Trade
Hestia- Hearth
Poseidon- Sea
Zeus- Sky
Muses
Fates
Furies
Characteristics of Gods
Immortal, but not all powerful
Act like humans, have human vices too
Meddle and mingle w/ humans
The Underworld
“Place of Hades”
Early thought = Gloomy Place
Later thought = Place of Judgment Rewarded or cursed
Fields of Asphodel
Tartarus
Punishment fit crime
Worship of the Gods
Build temples
National shrines Oracle of Delphi
Sacrifice
Festivals Olympics
Greek City-States
The Polis
Greek City State or Citizen State
“the people” or “the community”
The Polis continued…
Each polis had an agora (market place) and acropolis (fortified citadel)
Forms of Government
Monarchy Aristocracy Oligarchy Direct Democracy
• Rule by king• Rule hereditary• Ruler claim divine
right
• Rule by nobility• Rule hereditary• Social status,
wealth support ruler authority
• Rule by small group citizens
• Rule based on wealth or ability
• Rulers control military
• Rule by citizens• Rule based on
citizenship• Majority rule
decides vote
Athens
Athens: Building a Democracy
Draco Aristocracy
“Draconian” Law Code
Solon Democracy
Wealthy hold political office
All citizens participate in Assembly
No Debt slavery
Cleisthenes Reorganized society: 10 groups based on where lived not wealth
Strengthened power Assembly
Established Council 500
Athens: Education
Boys educated to be good citizen
Girls taught to be good wives/mothers
Sparta
Sparta: Building a Military State
Messenian “helot” Revolt led to need for strong state
Men serve in military age 7-60 Agoge
Women received military training; had considerable freedoms
“duty, strength, discipline over freedom, individuality, beauty, learning”
Sparta’s Oligarchy
5 Ephors Chief legal officials; monitor kings
Elected annually
Council of Elders 30 members o/ age 60
Served for life
2 kings Military
Hereditary position
Assembly All male citizens
Spartan Society
Spartans Citizens
Perioikoi 2nd class citizens
Helots Slaves
Sparta
Perioikoi
Helots