ancient greece
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1750 B.C. – 133 B.C. Ancient Greece. Early People of the Aegean. Minoans : 1750-1500 B.C.- developed on the island of Crete, named after Minos , a legendary king of Crete. Success based on trade not conquest - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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ANCIENT GREECE1750 B.C. – 133 B.C.
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Early People of the Aegean Minoans: 1750-1500 B.C.- developed
on the island of Crete, named after Minos, a legendary king of Crete.Success based on trade not conquestKnossos: rulers lived in this palace. It
housed rooms for the royal family, banquet halls, workshops for artisans. Walls covered with frescoes
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Early People of the Aegean Mycanea: 1400-1200 B.C.- developed on
Greek mainland before taking over Cretesea traders, lived in separate city-states on the
mainlandTrojan War: 1250 B.C.- Mycanea vs. Troy Troy-(rich
trading city in present day Turkey), Troy controlled straits connecting the Mediterranean and Black Seas.
Legend of the Trojan War: Trojans kidnapped the wife of a Greek king and the Greeks went to rescue her, fought for ten years to get her back. Finally Troy was seized by the Greeks and burned down
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The Age of Homer Homer: 750 B.C.- blind poet
who wandered village to village passing on oral accounts of heroic deeds. Responsible for two great epics. Iliad: story of Achilles, the
mightiest Greek warrior. Odyssey: story of Odysseus and
his return home to his wife Penelope after the Trojan War.
Iliad and Odyssey: display the values of honor, courage, and eloquence
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Ancient Greece Geography has a huge influence on
Greek way of life.Mountains cover ¾ of Greece – results in
city-states organization, rather than centralization
Bad conditions for growing grain, market agriculture emerges
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The Rise of Greek City-States Different city states developed with
different ideas:Sparta: great military, aristocracy rule, large
slave population, but very little arts or cultureAthens: democracy and advancements in
philosophy, education, trade, science, architecture, drama, and history
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Athens Democracy Athens/American Democracy:
Athens:Citizens participate directly (direct
democracy)Only male citizens (born in Athens) could
voteAmerica:Citizens elect people to make laws
(representative democracy)All citizens can vote
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The Persian Wars By 500 B.C., Athens had emerged as
the wealthiest Greek city-state Persians: empire stretching from Asia-
Minor to the border of India.`Greek city-states: Ionia in Asia MinorThough under Persian rule-still self
governing499 B.C.- Ionian Greeks rebelled against
Persian rule- Athens sent ships to help them
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Persian Wars Persians soon crushed the rebellion but
Darius, ruler of the Persians, was upset with the Athenians role in the uprising.
Marathon: Darius sent troops to punish Athens, landed near MarathonAthenians - heavily outnumbered, outmatched,
overran the Persians and forced them to retreat back to their ships.
Pheidippides - Athenian, ran from Marathon to Athens proclaiming “We are victorious” died upon arrival
The Marathon Race is named after this event.
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Persian Wars Darius: died before another attack was
made Xerxes: (son of Darius) 480 B.C.- sent
much larger force to conquer GreeceAthens- Sparta & other city-states supportThermopylae- Spartans led by Leonidas, held
out bravely but were defeated by the Persians, Persians then marched south and burned Athens (the city was empty)
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Persian Wars, cont’d.Greeks defeated Persians at the strait of
Salamis, and later on land in Asia Minor, ending the Persian invasion of Greece
Delian League: Athens and alliance with other greek City-States
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Athens – Age of Pericles Pericles – 460 -429 B.C. –under
his leadership, Athens thrived economically and the gov’t became more democratic.Direct democracy (6,000 members
required to decide important issues) - Stipend, Jury, Ostracism
Pericles’ Funeral Oration- one of earliest and greatest expressions of democracy
Pericles – turned Athens into cultural center of Greece
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Peloponnesian War Peloponnesian League: formed by Sparta
and other city-states to counter the Delian League
Peloponnesian War -431 B.C.- fighting broke out between Athens and Sparta. Soon all of Greece was involved. fighting lasted 27 yearsAthens geographic disadvantage: Sparta inlandPlague in Athens – 1/3 of population lost,
including Pericles
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Peloponnesian War War Ends: 404 B.C.- with the help of
Persian navy, the Spartans captured Athensended Athenian domination of Greek worldDemocratic government sufferedFor the next century, fighting plagued the
Greek world
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Greek Philosophers Socrates: Athenian
philosopher, we most know about him from his student PlatoSocratic Method – pose a series
of questions and asked students to evaluate their answers
“Know Thyself” seek truth and self-knowledge
Put on trial at age 70, jurors sentenced him to death, he drank the hemlock(deadly poison)
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Greek Philosophers Plato: distrust of democracy
after the death of SocratesSet up the Academy (school in
Athens)Emphasized the importance of
reasonThe Republic – Plato described his
vision of an ideal state. Ideal society: workers to produce, military to protect, and philosophers to rule
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Greek Philosophers Aristotle: Plato’s most
famous studentAnalyzed all forms of
governmentThought democracy could
lead to mob ruleFavored rule by a single and
strong rulerLeft writings on politics,
ethics, logic, biology, literature, and many other subjects
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Art, Architecture, and Drama Parthenon – an example of Greek
architecture (tall columns and sloping roof)
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•Greek Sculpture: valued order, balance, and proportion. Wanted to depict the ideal human form
•Poetry and Drama: Tragedies and Comedies
Art, Architecture, and Drama
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Alexander the Great 336 B.C. – 323 B.C. King of Macedonia upon
death of his father Great warrior who conquered
Persia, Egypt, and reached India
Hellenistic – Greek like Supported assimilation –
blended Greek styles with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian
Greek traditions spread to Asia and Africa