Egyptians and Beyond

Chapter 2 Section 2: The Egyptians

Pages 26-34

Discuss the major achievements of each period of Egyptian civilization

Identify the functions of the individuals in the class structure of Egyptian society

Examine the importance of religion in the Egyptian culture

VOCABULARY GEOGRAPHY Dynasty Pharaoh Theocracy Polytheism Monotheism Hieroglyphics Lineage Griots

Egypt Nile River Kush Sahara Kalahari Niger River Congo River Zambezi Red Sea Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean

Egypt Nile River Kush Sahara Kalahari Niger River Congo River Zambezi Red Sea Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean

Predynastic 3100 – 2700 BC King Menes unites

Egypt Old Kingdom

2700 – 2200 BC Pyramid Age

Middle Kingdom 2000 – 1800 BC Princes of Thebes

New Kingdom 1600 – 1100 BC Imperialistic Egypt

Upper Class Priests, court

nobility and land nobility

Middle Class Skilled artisans,

traders, teachers, artists, doctors and scribes

Lower Class Slaves and peasants

Theocracy Polytheism vs.

Monotheism Mummification Good Conduct

Hieroglyphic showing mummification

Religion Theocracy

Writing Hieroglyphics

Math Calendar

Building Pyramids and Sphinx

Medical advancements

Example of calendar

The geography of Africa helped to vary cultures Coast Desert Savanna Forest

Name of

Region

Size of Area

Native Vegetat

ion

Agriculture

Population

Way of Life

Coast

Desert

Savanna

Forest

FARMING HERDING

Hieroglyphics Not deciphered

Ironwork Stronger tools

and military Cultural center

On a trade route so many people passed through

Lineage Religion

Priests that can predict crops and rain

Politics Chiefs develop

power through raising armies, collecting taxes, and settling court cases

Africans passed their history on by word of mouth

Predict how this may cause problems Griots

People looked to trade Silent Trade

Ghana Wangara—Gold

for salt Mali Songhai

Taghaza—Salt for gold

Large empire based on trade and agriculture by 600 AD Controlled the gold

trade Strong central

government controlled by a partly divine king Appointed officers Final judge in court

cases

When the king appears in public… Servants Princes and

Advisers King controls

the gold Trade Taxes

Capital of Ghana

2 cities King Traders

Decline Attack of the

Almoravids

Sundiata and the king of Ghana had a past

Convert to Islam Timbuktu

becomes a center of wealth and learning

Struggled to seize power

Sonni Ali takes power as a brutal tyrant Led by fear

Successor to Sonni Ali Reversed the

harsh policy Expands the

Songhai Empire

Most organized and efficient West African states So what

happened?

The trade winds blew sailors back and forth between India and Africa

Islamic trade of the 7th century

Ibn Batuta Most beautiful

and well constructed towns he had seen

Large palaces Mansions Mosques Town squares Arched walkways

Swahili Culture Blend of Islamic,

African, and Asian cultures and languages

The Portuguese try to set up trade with the Swahili

Trade on the East African coast was peaceful until the Portuguese showed up!

In 1868, a European hunter stumbled across the ruins of this civilization!

The Shona Descended from

the Bantu people who probably migrated from the Congo forest

By the 1400’s, they were well developed

Semi-divine King Palace was a

busy place! 1000 people lived

there including the king, his wives, advisers, and officers

Portuguese trade Internal quarrels

of the ruling family

Ndebele—people from the south attacked

European prospectors

Agriculture and trade flourished Benin Dahomey Kongo Asante

Slave trade especially

Strong kings (Obas) help Benin grow wealthy and powerful 1000s AD-1st Oba 1300s—Oba

Ewedo 1400s—Oba

Eware the Great

Religious rulers Role of women Government

The town is composed of 30 main street, very straight and 120’ wide, apart from an infinity of small intersecting streets. The houses are close to one another, arranged in good order; they have roofs, verandahs, and balustrades [railings]…they wash and scrub their houses so well that they are polished and shining like a looking-glass…They are people who have good laws and a well organized police.

1472-Portuguese arrive in Benin to trade muskets and goods for gold

By 1500, English, French and Dutch were also trading with Benin

Slavery was allowed Begin to kidnap

Middle Passage 10 weeks long

ship ride Held in chains

packed below deck