anatomy study of the structure and shape of the body and
TRANSCRIPT
Anatomy
▪Anatomy▪ Study of the structure and shape of the body and
its parts▪ Observation is used to see sizes and relationships of
parts
Types of Anatomy
▪Gross anatomy▪ Large structures▪ Easily observable
▪Let’s look at an example of gross anatomy using the digestive system organs
Oral cavity
Esophagus
Stomach
Smallintestine
Largeintestine
Rectum
(i) Digestive System
Breaks food down into absorbablenutrients that enter the blood fordistribution to body cells; indigestiblefoodstuffs are eliminated as feces.
Types of Anatomy
▪Microscopic anatomy▪ Structures are too small to be seen with the naked eye▪ Cells and tissues can be viewed only with a
microscope
Gastric pits
Pyloricsphincter
Gas
tric
pi
t
Surfaceepithelium
Mucousneck cells
Gas
tric
gl
and
Parietal cells
GastricglandsChief cells
▪Let’s look at an example of microscopic anatomy using a digestive system organ, the stomach
Physiology
▪Physiology▪ Study of how the body and its parts work or
function
Relationship Between Anatomy and Physiology
▪Structure determines what functions can occur▪ For example, the air sacs of the lungs have very thin
walls, a feature that enables them to exchange gases and provide oxygen to the body
Levels of Structural Organization
▪Six levels of structural organization1. Atoms2. Cells3. Tissues4. Organs5. Organ systems6. Organisms
© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.1 Levels of structural organization.
AtomsMoleculesChemical level
Atoms combine toform molecules.
Slide 2
1
Figure 1.1 Levels of structural organization.
AtomsMolecules
Smooth muscle cell
Chemical level
Cellular levelAtoms combine toform molecules. Cells are made up
of molecules.
2
Slide 3
2
1
Figure 1.1 Levels of structural organization.
AtomsMolecules
Smooth muscle cell
Chemical level
Cellular levelAtoms combine toform molecules. Cells are made up
of molecules.
Tissue levelTissues consist ofsimilar types of cells.
Smoothmuscletissue
Slide 4
1
2
3
Figure 1.1 Levels of structural organization.
AtomsMolecules
Smooth muscle cell
Chemical level
Cellular levelAtoms combine toform molecules. Cells are made up
of molecules.
Tissue levelTissues consist ofsimilar types of cells.
Smoothmuscletissue
Epithelialtissue
Smoothmuscletissue
Connectivetissue
Bloodvessel(organ)
Slide 5
1
2
3
4Organs are made up of different types of tissues.
Organ level
Figure 1.1 Levels of structural organization.
AtomsMolecules
Smooth muscle cell
Chemical level
Cellular levelAtoms combine toform molecules. Cells are made up
of molecules.
Tissue levelTissues consist ofsimilar types of cells.
Smoothmuscletissue
Bloodvessels
Heart
Cardio–vascularsystem
Epithelialtissue
Smoothmuscletissue
Connectivetissue
Bloodvessel(organ)
Slide 6
1
2
3
4Organs are made up of different types of tissues.
Organ level
5Organ systems consist ofdifferent organs that worktogether closely.
Organ system level
Figure 1.1 Levels of structural organization. Slide 7
AtomsMolecules
Smooth muscle cell
Chemical level
Cellular levelAtoms combine toform molecules. Cells are made up
of molecules.
1
2
Tissue levelTissues consist ofsimilar types of cells.
3
4
56
Smoothmuscletissue
Bloodvessels
Heart
Cardio–vascularsystem
Epithelialtissue
Smoothmuscletissue
Connectivetissue
Bloodvessel(organ)
Organs are made up of different types of tissues.
Organ level
Organ systems consist ofdifferent organs that worktogether closely.
Organ system level
Human organisms aremade up of many organsystems.
Organismal level