anatomy of meninges ventricles cerebrospinalfluid

8/13/2019 Anatomy of meninges ventricles cerebrospinalfluid

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MENINGES, VENTRICLES,

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AND BOOLDSUPPLY OF THE BRAIN

Dr Israa M SulaimanDr Mohammed FaezDepartment of AnatomyIMS/MSU


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OBJECTIVES

Illustrate and describe the Meningessthree

membranes.

Describe the structure of the meninges, its

blood supply and nerve supply.

Illustrate and describe the venous bloodsinuses


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The Meninges

The Meninges are the

membrane covering the

brain and spinal cord.

The Meninges consist ofthree membranes:

1. The dura mater,

2. The arachnoid mater,3. The pia mater.


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The Meninges


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The Meninges

1. Dura mater- strong,"Tough mother"

a. Falx cerebri

b. Falx cerebellic. Tentorium cerebelli

d. Diaphragma sella

2. Arachnoid-

spidery, holds blood

vessels

3. Pia mater-

"delicate mother"


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The Meninges


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Sagittal section showing the duramater

1) Falx cerebri

2) Tentorium

cerebelli

3) Falx

cerebelli

4) Diaphragma sellae


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Superior view showing the duramater

1) Falx cerebri

2) Tentoriumcerebelli
http://yahooligans.yahoo.com/reference/gray/illustrations/figure?id=569http://yahooligans.yahoo.com/reference/gray/illustrations/figure?id=569http://yahooligans.yahoo.com/reference/gray/illustrations/figure?id=569


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DURA MATER

Thick dense inelastic membrane

and the outermost layer of the

meninges

Bilaminar:

Endosteal layer (outer)

Meningeal layer (inner)

These are closely united except

along certain lines, where they

separate to form venous sinuses.


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DURA MATER

Endosteal layer ;

o Periosteum - inner surface of theskull bones

o Not continuous with dura materof spinal cord

Meningeal layer ;

o Dura mater proper

o Covering the brain

o Continuous with dura mater ofspinal cord

o Folded inwards as 4 septabetween part of the brain

o The function of these septa is torestrict the rotatory displacementof the brain.


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duramater

Superior

cerebral

veins

beneath

arachnoid


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Coronal section of the upper part of the head

Endosteal layer

Meningeal layer

They are closelyunited except along

certain lines; they

are separated to

form venous

sinuses

Superior sagittal sinus

(Dural venous sinus)Dura mater

Subdural space


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DURA MATER

Dura mater septa:

1. Falx cerebri

2. Falx cerebelli

3. Tentorium cerebelli

4. Diaphragma sella


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Sagittal section showing the duramater

1) Falx cerebri

2) Tentorium

cerebelli

3) Falx

cerebelli

4) Diaphragma sellae


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The Falx Cerebri

It is a sickle-shaped fold of dura

mater that lies in the midline

between the two cerebral

hemispheres.

Its narrow end in front is attached to

the internal frontal crest and thecrista galli.

Its broad posterior part blends in the

midline with the upper surface of the

tentorium cerebelli.

The superior sagittal sinus runs in its

upper fixed margin, the inferior

sagittal sinus runs in its lower

concave free margin, and the straight

sinus runsalong its attachment to the

tentorium cerebelli.


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Falx cerebriSuperior sagittal sinus

Inferior

sagittal sinus Straightsinus

Tentorium

cerebelli

*

Frontal crest

Crista galli


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The Tentorium Cerebelli

The tentorium cerebelliis a crescent-shapedfold of dura mater thatroofs over the posterior

cranial fossa.

It covers the uppersurface of thecerebellum andsupports the occipitallobes of the cerebralhemispheres.


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Tentorium

cerebelli

Falx cerebri


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The Falx Cerebelli

The falx cerebelli is a small,

sickle-shaped fold of dura

mater that is attached to

the internal occipital crest

and projects forwardbetween the two cerebellar

hemispheres.

Its posterior fixed margin

contains the occipital sinus.


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The Diaphragma Sellae

The diaphragma sellae

is a small circular fold of

dura mater that forms

the roof for the sellaturcica.

A small opening in its

center allows passage

of the stalk of thepituitary gland


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Dural Nerve Supply

Branches of the trigeminal, vagus, and first

three cervical nerves and branches from the

sympathetic system pass to the dura.

The dura is sensitive to stretching, which

produces the sensation of headache.


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Dural Blood Supply

Dural Arterial Supply

The dura maters arteries

supply from the internal

carotid, maxillary, ascendingpharyngeal, occipital, and

vertebral arteries.

From a clinical standpoint,

the most important is the

middle meningeal artery,

which is commonly

damaged in head injuries.

Dural Venous Drainage

The meningeal veins lie in

the endosteal layer of dura.

The middle meningeal veinfollows the branches of the

middle meningeal artery

and drains into the

pterygoid venous plexus or

the sphenoparietal sinus.

The veins lie lateral to the

arteries.


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Arachnoid Mater

Delicate, impermeable &avascular membrane covering thebrain

Lying between Pia mater(internally) & duraMater(externally)

Separated from dura mater by apotential space, the subduralspace(filled by a film of fluid)

Separated from pia mater by thesubarachnoid space(filled with

CSF)

The outer and inner surfacescovered with flattenedmesothelial cells


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Superior

cerebral

veins

beneatharachnoid

Arachnoid mater


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Arachnoid mater

Arachnoid villiArachnoid mater

Subarachnoid space

Arachnoid

granulations

Subdural space

Arachnoid projects into venous

sinuses

- sites for CSF diffuses into

bloodstream


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Superior cerebral veins,

traverse the subdural

space to reach the

superior sagittal sinusand its lacunae

SUBDURAL SPACE :

Superior cerebral veins

beneath arachnoid


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Subdural haematoma

*

Dura

Arachnoid


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Subarachnoid Space (SP) :

Relatively narrow over the surface of cerebralhemisphere, but sometimes becomes much wider inareas at the base of the brain, the widest space iscalled subarachnoid cisterns

The cisterna cerebellomedularis lies between inferiorsurface of the cerebellum and roof of 4thventricle

The cisterna interpeduncularis lies between 2 cerebral

hemispheres. All the cisternae are in freecommunication with one another & with theremainder of subarachnoid space


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Median sagittal section to show the subarachnoid cisterns &

circulation of CSF

Superior

cistern

Interpeduncular

cistern

Cerebellomedullary cistern

Chiasmatic

cistern

Pontine

cistern


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*

Subarachnoid haemorrage

Dura

Arachnoid

Pia mater


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Pia Mater

Pia Mater is a vascularmembrane covered bymesothelial cells.

Closely invests thebrain, covering the gyri,descending into thedeepest sulci & closelyapplied to the corticalsurface.


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Pia mater

Pia mater


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Pia Mater

It extends out over the cranial nerves & fuseswith their epineurium

The cerebral arteries entering the substance of

the brain, carry a sheath of pia mater with them

The pia mater forms the TELA CHOROIDAE .

The tela choroidae fuse with ependyma to form

the choroid plexus

Choroid plexus forms CSF


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Coronal section of the interventricular foramen showing the choroid

plexus of 3rd& lateral ventricles

Ependyma

Choroid plexus

of 3rdventricle

Choroid plexus of

lateral ventricle

Pia mater of

tela choroidae


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Read About

The Venous Blood Sinuses


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VENTRICLES


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OBJECTIVES

Illustrate and describe the ventricles.

Describe the structure of the ventricles.

Illustrate and describe the cerebrospinal

fluid (CSF) formation, absorption and

circulation.


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VENTRICLES(Ventricular System)

A ventricle is an internal

cavity of the brain. Within

the brain, which is filled

with cerebrospinal

fluid(CSF).

The ventricular system is

composed of two lateral

ventriclesand two midline

ventricles( third and fourthventricles).


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The chambers are

connected to allow the flow

of cerebrospinal fluid via

two interventricular

foramen (referred to as theforamen of Monro) and the

cerebral aqueduct (referred

to as the aqueduct of

Sylvius).


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Lateral view to show the ventricular system of the CNS

Central canal of

medulla

oblongata &

spinal cord

Fourth ventricle

Lateral ventricle

Third ventricle

Interventricular

foramen (Monro)

Cerebral

aqueduct


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CONSISTS OF :

1) Lateral ventricle

2) Third ventricle3) Fourth ventricle

4) Central canal of the

medulla oblongata& spinal cord


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42


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43


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Lateral Ventricles

The lateral ventricles

are two curved shaped

cavities located within

the cerebrum. The lateral ventricles

are separated by the

septum pellucidum and

do not communicatedirectly

l i l


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Lateral ventricle

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Temporal lobe

Occipital lobe

l i l


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C-shaped cavity & may be divided into :

2. Anteriorhorn

1. Body

3. Posterior

horn

4. Inferior

horn

Third

ventricle

Fourth

ventricle

Lateral view of the ventricular cavities of the brain

Lateral ventricle


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Anterior horn

Inferior horn

Posterior horn

Lateral view to show the ventricular system of the CNS

Thi d i l


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The third ventricle is a narrow cavity or a slitlike cleft between the 2

thalamus

Communicates ;

Anteriorly with lateral ventricles through interventricular foramina

(of monro)

Posteriorly with fourth ventricle through cerebral aqueduct (of

sylvius)

Posterior view to show the ventricular system of the CNS

Third ventricle

Thi d t i l


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Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Temporal lobe

Occipital lobe

Third ventricle

Thi d t i l


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Third

ventricle

Hypothalamus

Coronal section of the brain (posterior view)

Third ventricle

Thalamus

ROOF

FLOOR

Lateral wall

Body of fornix


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Fourth ventricle

The fourth ventricle Is arhomboid or diamondshaped cavity.

It is a wide andflattened space located

just anterior to thecerebellum andposterior to the upper,

or superior, half of themedulla oblongata andthe pons.

F th t i l


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Cerebellum

Pons

Medulla

oblongata(superior

half)

Sagittal section of the 4thventricle

Cerebral

aqueduct

Central

canal

(spinal

cord)

Fourth ventricle

Fourth

ventricle

ANTERIOR

POSTERIOR

F th t i l


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Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Temporal lobe

Occipital lobe

Fourth ventricle

R f i ll f f h


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Pons

Medulla

oblongata

(superior

half)

Fig. : Sagittal section of the 4th

ventricle

Cerebral

aqueduct

ANTERIOR

POSTERIOR

Superior part of the roof ;

Superior medullary velum

Inferior part of the roof ;

Inferior medullary velum

Roof or posterior wall of fourth

ventricle :

Floor or rhomboid fossa of fourth ventricle :


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Floor or rhomboid fossa of fourth ventricle :

Formed by ;

1. Posterior

surface of the

pons

2. Cranial

of the

medulla

oblongata

Medial

sulcus

(divides the floor

into symmetrical

halves)

Medial

eminence

Sulcus

limitans

Facial

colliculus

Stria

medullaris

(strands of nerve

fibers)

Hypoglossal

triangle

Vagal

triangle

Posterior view of the

4thventricle

CENTRAL CANAL


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CENTRAL CANAL

Opens superiorly into the fourth ventricle

Fourth

ventricle

Inferior of

medulla

oblongata

Entire

length of

spinal cord

Central canal

(Lined with

ependyma but no

choroid plexus in the

central canal)

Extends ;

CENTRAL CANAL


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Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Temporal lobe

Occipital lobe

CENTRAL CANAL


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Conus medullaris-Terminal ventricle


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CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

CHOROID PLEXUS


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It is formed by invaginatingof vascularpia mater into theventricular cavity

It becomes highly convoluted& produce a spongy-likeappearance

It enters the 3rd and 4thventricles through theirroofs, and the lateralventricles through thechoroid fissure

produces cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)

CHOROID PLEXUS

Lateral ventricle

Third ventricle

Fourth

ventricle

Pi M Choroid


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Coronal section of the cavities of the lateral and 3rdventricles

Cavity Of

Lateral

Ventricle

Cavity Of

Third

Ventricle

Pia Mater

Ependyma

CN

THALAMUS

CORPUS

CALLOSUM

Choroid

Plexus of

The Lateral

Ventricle

Pia Mater of

TelaChoroidae

BODY OF

FORNIX

Choroid

Plexus of

The Third

Ventricle

Blood supply derives from choroidal branches of the internal carotid & basilar

arteries

A h id t


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Arachnoid mater

Pia mater

Ependyma

CEREBELLUM

Cavity of fourth ventricle

Choroid plexus of the

fourth ventricle

T shaped, vertical part is double

Horizontal part extends into lateral recesses of each ventricle (foramina of Luskha)

Blood supply ; posterior inferior cerebellar arteries


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What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ?

Clear, colorless fluid

Produced by the choroid plexus

Found in the :

Ventricles of the brain

Subarachnoid space (between Arachnoid + Pia mater) around the brain

& spinal cord

The pressure of the CSF is kept remarkably constant.

Based on the Monro-Kellie doctrine :

Volume of BLOOD, CSF & BRAIN at any time must berelatively constant


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Physical characteristics and composition of

the CSF

Appearance Clear and colourless

Volume 130 ml

Rate of production 0.5 ml/min

Pressure 60-150 mm of water

Composition

protein 15-45 mg/100 ml

glucose 50-85 mg/ 100 mlchloride 720-750 mg/100 ml

No. of cells 0-3 lymphocytes/cu mm


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Function of the CSF :

1. Cushions & protects the CNS from trauma

2. Provides mechanical buoyancy & support for the brain

3. Serves as a reservoir & assists in the regulation of the

contents of the skull

4. Nourishes the CNS

5. Removes metabolites from the CNS

6. Serves as a pathway for pineal secretions to reach thepituitary gland

Si f f i


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Sites of formation :

1. Choroid plexus of the ventricle cavities, mostly is formed

in the LATERAL VENTRICLES

2. Some originate from the ependymal cells lining the

ventricles

3. Some from the brain substances through perivascular

spaces

Movement of CSF inside the ventricle is controlled

by the:

1. Pulsation of the artery in the choroid plexus

2. By the aid of the cilia & microvilli of the ependymal

cells

5


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Choroid plexus ofthe 4thventricle

Choroid plexus of

the 3rdventricle

12

33.2

3.1

4

Superiorly =

lateral aspect of

each cerebral

hemisphere

Inferiorly =

subarachnoid

space around the

brain & spinal

cord

Choroid plexus of

the lateral ventricle


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cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

The CSF is formed in the lateralventricles escapes by theforamen of

monrointo the third ventricle

From the third ventricle by the

aqueduct into the fourth ventricle.

Then from the fourth ventricle thefluid is poured into the subarachnoid

spaces through the medialforamen

of majendieand the two lateral

foramina of luschka.

There is no evidence that functional

communications between thecerebral ventricles and the

subarachnoid spaces exist in any

region except from the fourth

ventricle.

Site of formation


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Choroid plexus of the

lateral ventricle

1. Lateral ventricle

2. Third ventricle

Interventricular foramina

3. Fourth ventricle

Cerebral aqueduct

3.2 Lateral

foramina

(Luschka)

3.1 Medianforamen

(Magendie)

3.2 Lateral

foramina

(Luschka)

4. Subarachnoid space

Inferiorly

Superiorly

Absorbed

Superiorly

Absorbed

Circulation of CSF in subarachnoid space :


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Median sagittal section to show the subarachnoid cisterns &

circulation of CSF

Superior

cistern

Interpeduncular

cistern

Cerebellomedullary cistern

Chiasmatic

cistern

Pontine

cistern

Circulation of CSF in subarachnoid space :

Median

foramen of

4thventricle

Factors that facilitate the flow of CSF in


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Factors that facilitate the flow of CSF in

subarachnoid space ;

1. Pulsation of the cerebral & spinal arteries

2. Movements of the vertebral column

3. Respiration & coughing

4. Changing of the positions


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Absorption of CSF into dural venous sinuses

Main sites - arachnoid villi(project into dural venoussinuses, especially, superiorsagittal sinus)

Arachnoid villiare covered byendothelium of the venous

sinus Arachnoid villitend to be

grouped together & formelevations known as arachnoidgranulations

CSF pressure >> the pressurein the sinus

The rate of absorption of CSFthrough the arachnoid villicontrols the CSF pressure


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CLINICAL APPLICATION

Hydrocephalus

The term hydrocephalus is

derived from the Greek

words "hydro" meaning

water and "cephalus"

meaning head.

It is excessive accumulation

of fluid in the brain.


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BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE BRAIN


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OBJECTIVES

Illustrate and describe the formation of the

circle of willis

Describe the blood supply of the brain

Arterial supply

Venous drainage

l d l f h


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Blood Supply of The Brain

The brain receives it

arterial supply from two

pairs of vessels, the

vertebraland internal

carotid arterieswhich

are interconnected in

the cranial cavity to

produce an arterialcircle (of Willis).


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Internal carotid artery

l C id


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Internal Carotid Artery

Beginsbifurcation of Com Carotid A Perforates base of skullcarotid canal Enters middle cranial fossa beside dorsum sellae In the cavernous sinus

Horizontal

Emerge outmedial side of Ant clinoid processperforates dura & arachnoid materenterssubarachnoid space

Turns posteriorlybelow optic nerve Turns upwardlateral to optic chiasma Now is under anterior perforated susbtance DividesintoANTERIOR & MIDDLEcerebral arteries

Posterior

Middle cerebral

artery


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Vertebral artery

Common carotid artery

External carotid artery


In temporal bone


in cavernous sinus

Basilar artery

Posterior cerebral

artery

Posterior

communicating

artery

arteryAnterior cerebral

artery

Basilar artery

Posterior cerebral

artery

V b l A


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Vertebral Artery

Branch of first part of subclavian A

Passesforamen transvesarium C6C1

Enters through foramen magnumperforatesdura & arachnoid materenters subarachnoid

space

Turns upward, forward, mediallymedullaoblongata

Lower border of ponsjoins opposite side BASILARartery

Posterior

Middle cerebral

artery


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Vertebral artery

Common carotid artery

External carotid artery


In temporal bone


in cavernous sinus

Basilar artery

Posterior cerebral

artery

Posterior

communicating

artery

arteryAnterior cerebral

artery

Basilar artery

Posterior cerebral

artery

Bl d S l f Th B i


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Blood Supply of The Brain

VERTEBRAL

Basilar

Posterior cerebral artery

INTERNAL CAROTID

Middle cerebral

Anterior cerebral

Anterior communicatingartery

Posteriorcommunicating artery

CIRCLE OF WILLIS

h f


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VERTEBRAL

Basilar

PCA Pontine

Labyrinthine

Ant Inf CA

Sup cerebellar

Choroidal

INTERNAL CAROTID

ACA

MCA Ophthalmic

Ant ComA

Post Com A

Choroidal

Branches of :-

CEREBRAL (ICA) CRANIAL (VERT)


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CEREBRAL (ICA)

Ophthalmic

Post Communicating

Choroidal

Ant Cerebral

Cortical

Central

Communicates with

Ant Comm Art

Post Cerebral

Mid Cerebral

Cortical

Central

CRANIAL (VERT)

Meningeal

Post Spinal

Ant Spinal

Post Inf Cerebellar

Medullary

(BASILAR)

Pontine

Labyrinthine

Ant Inf Cerebellar

Sup Cerebellar

Post Cerebral Cortical

Central

Choroidal

Ci l f Willi


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Circle of Willis

Interpeduncular fossabase of brain

Anastomosis

2 internal carotidarteries

2 vertebral arteries

In the subarachnoid

space

INFERIOR VIEW


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Anterior


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Vertebral arteries

Basilar A

Posterior cerebral

artery

Posterior

communicating

artery

Internal

carotid

artery

Middle cerebral

artery

Anterior cerebral

arterycommunicating

artery

Post Inf cerebellar A

Sup cerebellar A

Ant Inf cerebellar A


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Middle cerebral artery

Anterior cerebral artery


Central sulcus


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Anterior cerebral artery

Superior frontal gyrus

Central sulcus

Parieto-

occipitalsulcus

Frontal pole

Superior

parietal

lobule

Frontal pole

ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY


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ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY

LOBE AREA

FRONTAL

LOBE

Motorlower limb and perineum -

pericentral lobule

PARIETAL

LOBE

Sensorylower limb and perineum -

paracentral lobule

Anterior cerebral artery & anterior communicating artery


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Lentiform nucleus

Caudate nucleus

Internal capsule

(ANT)

Hypothalamus (ANT)

lentiform

caudate

Internal

capsule


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Middle cerebral artery

Central branches

Temporal pole

Central branches


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Left middle

cerebral artery

Right middle

cerebral artery

Medial

striate

arteries

Lateral

striate

arteries

MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY


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MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY

LOBE AREA

FRONTAL Motorexcept for paracentral lobule

Motor speechesp left side

PARIETAL Sensoryexcept for paracentral lobule

Sensory speech

TEMPORAL Auditory

Middle cerebral artery & anterior choroidal artery


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Lentiform nucleus

Caudate nucleus

Internal capsule (ANT

& POST)

lentiform

caudate

Internal

capsule


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Inferior temporal gyrus

Inferior temporal gyrus

POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY


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POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY

LOBE AREA

OCCIPITAL Visual

TEMPORAL Olfactory

Posterior cerebral artery & posterior communicating artery


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Hypothalamus

Thalamus (ANT)

Cerebral pedunclethalamus

Cerebral

peduncle

Internal

capsule

Posterior lateral arteries


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Thalamus (POST)

Geniculate bodies

Cerebral peduncle

thalamus

Cerebral

peduncle

Lateral

Geniculate

bodies

ARTERIES to specific brain areas


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Corpus striatum Middle & lateral

striate

Anterior &

Middle cerebralarteryInternal capsule

Thalamus PComA, basilar, PCA

Midbrain PCA, supCerebellarA, basilar

Pons Basilar, Ant, inf, supCerebellarA,

Medullaoblongata

Vertebral, ASA,PSA,PICA, basilar

Cerebellum supCerebellar, AICA,PICA

VENOUS DRAINAGE of THE BRAIN


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VENOUS DRAINAGE of THE BRAIN

EXTERNAL Superior

cerebral

Superficial

middle

cerebral

Deep middle

cerebral

INTERNAL Thalamo

striate

choroidal

SPECIFIC Midbrain

Pons

Medulla

oblongata

cerebellum

Superior cerebralSuperior

Sagittal


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Superficial

Middle

cerebral

basal

sinus

Transverse

sinus

Superior

Sagittal

sinus

Inferior

Sagittal

sinus

Great

cerebral

Internal

cerebral

Straight

sinus

Occipital

sinus

Superior cerebralSuperior

Sagittal

i

Superior anastomotic V


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Superficial

Middle cerebral

sinus

Transverse

sinus

Inferior anastomotic V

SuperiorSagittal

sinusInferior

Sagittal


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basal

sinus

Great

cerebral

Internal

cerebral

Straight

sinus

Occipitalsinus

Site ofjunction

with

transverse

sinus


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EXTERNAL CEREBRAL VEIN


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VEIN AREA DRAINS INTO

Superior

cerebral Lateral surface of

cerebral

hemisphere

Superior sagittal

sinus

Superficial

middlecerebral

Cavernous sinus

Deep middle

cerebral

Insula Joined by ant

cerebral & striate-

basal veinSup anas V Superior sagittal sinus

Inf anas V Inferior sagittal sinus

INTERNAL CEREBRAL VEIN


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INTERNAL CEREBRAL VEIN

VEIN AREA DRAINS INTO

Thalamostriate Basal ganglia,

thalamus,

internalcapsule,Tela

choroidae of 3rd

ventricle,hippo

campus

Internal cerebral

vein - great

cerebral vein

straight sinus

DURAL VENOUSSINUS

Choroidal

VEIN of specific areas


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p

Midbrain Basal, great cerebral

Pons Basal, cerebellar

Medulla oblongata Anterior & posterior spinal

Cerebellum Great cerebral

Superior cerebral vein

Great

cerebral

vein


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Superior sagittal sinus

Inferior sagittal sinus

Straight

sinus

Superior cerebral vein

Medial aspect of

hemisphere

vein

Transverse sinus

(R & L)

Sigmoid sinus

(R & L)

Confluence of

sinus

IntJugular

vein

IntJugular

vein

Cavernous sinus

Middle cerebral vein

Inferior

petrosal

sinus

Superior

petrosal

sinus

Falx cerebriSuperior sagittal sinusInferior sagittal


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Falx cerebrip gg

sinus

Straight

sinus

Tentorium

cerebelli

*

Superior

petrosal

sinus

Inferior

petrosal

sinus

Sigmoid

sinus

Confluence of

sinus

Transverse

sinus


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Straight

sinus Transverse

sinus

Sigmoid

sinus

Confluence of

sinus

Jugular

foramen

Cavernous sinusSuperior

petrosal

sinus

Inferior

petrosal

sinus

Superiorsa

gittal sinus

Cavernous sinus


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Cavernous sinus

Lateral to body of sphenoid bone

Connected to oppositeintercavernous S

Receives blood

Middle cerebral V Drains into

Int Jugular Vvia Inf petrosal sinus

Transverse Svia Sup petrosal S

Dural Venous sinusesemissary veinsextracranial V



117/120

Stroke or cerebrovascular accident:- Blockage in the arterycerebral infarction

Carotid artery

Basilar artery

Bleeding within the brainintracerebralhaemorrhage

Aneurysm

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

Intracerebral haemorrhage - hypertension

Damages one side of the body - contralateral


CVAdue to blockage


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CVA due to haemorrhage


119/120

CVA due to haemorrhage


120/120

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anatomy of meninges ventricles cerebrospinalfluid

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