anatomy and physiology anatomy – study of structure physiology – study of function structure is...
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Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy – study of structure
Physiology – study of function
Structure is always related to function
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Levels of Organization
Atom – hydrogen atom, lithium atom
Molecule – water molecule, glucose molecule
Macromolecule – protein molecule, DNA molecule Organelle – mitochondrion, Golgi apparatusCell – muscle cell, nerve cellTissue – loose connective tissue, muscle tissue Organ – skin, femurOrgan System – skeletal system, digestive system
Organism - human1-4
Levels of Organization
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Homeostasis
Body’s maintenance of a stable internal environment
Homeostatic Mechanisms – monitor aspects of the internal environment and corrects any changes
•Receptors - provide information•Control center - tells what a particular value should be•Effectors - causes responses to change internal environment
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Homeostatic Mechanisms
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Body Cavities
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Organ Systems
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Organ Systems
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Organ Systems
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Anatomical Terminology
Anatomical Position – body standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward
Terms of Relative Position• Superior versus Inferior•Anterior versus Posterior•Medial versus Lateral•Ipsilateral versus Contralateral•Proximal versus Distal•Superficial versus Deep
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Body Sections•Sagittal / Midsagittal or Median•Transverse / Cross•Coronal or Frontal•Oblique
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Abdominal Subdivisions
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Body Regions
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Clinical ApplicationMedical Imaging
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•Noninvasive procedures•Provide images of soft internal structures
Magnetic Resonance Imaging•Requires injection of dye•Produces computerized transverse, frontal, and sagittal sections of area being studied
Ultrasonography •Use of high-frequency sound waves•Relatively quick and inexpensive
In anatomy, this word means toward the front and in humans is synonymous with the word
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1. Dorsal
2. Abdominal
3. Anterior
4. Inferior
5. frontal
This word means 'closer to' and is the
opposite of 'distal.'
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1. Superior
2. Inferior
3. Posterior
4. Anterior
5. Proximal
This region of the body is also known as the wrist and may be
used to describe certain 'tunnel syndromes.'
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1. Popliteal
2. Plantar
3. Carpal
4. Mental
5. Brachial
This plane of the body separates it into right and left sides
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1. Midsaggital
2. Coronal
3. Transverse
4. Horizontal
5. Frontal
Your tonsils and spleen belong to this system.
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1. Exocrine
2. Endocrine
3. Lymphatic
4. Digestive
5. Nervous
Thyroid, pancreas, adrenal glands are organs of this system
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1. Exocrine
2. Endocrine
3. Digestive
4. Urinary
5. reproductive
Your appendix is located in this quadrant of the abdomen."
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1. Upper right
2. Upper left
3. Lower right
4. Lower left
Your liver is located in this quadrant of the abdomen."
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1. Upper left
2. Upper right
3. Lower left
4. Lower right