anaphysio ppt
DESCRIPTION
powerpoint pres of anaphy case analysisTRANSCRIPT
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
RLE3.3 Group 1
LUNGS
LUNGS
A pair of spongy air-filled organs located on both sides of the chest.
The right lung has 3 lobes and the left lung has two lobes.
left lung – “cardiac notch”
LUNGS
Trachea – conducts inhaled air into the lungs through its tubular branches, called bronchi
Bronchi (airways) Alveoli – absorbs
oxygen from the air into the blood.
PLEURA
a thin, balloon-like structure that surrounds the lungs and allows them to move smoothly as we breath in and out
2 types: Visceral pleura– covers
the lung Parietal pleura– covers
the chest wall Between the visceral and
parietal pleura exists the pleural space which contains a small amount of fluid.
CILIA
First line of defense for infection
Tiny hairs that lines the bronchi
Moves back and forth in an ongoing motion– like a wave
Moves foreign objects, like bacteria or viruses, out of the lungs
Mucus is carried on top of the cilia
INTERSTITIUM
Refers to the tissue network that surrounds and supports the air sacs (alveoli).
It includes a web-like network of strong structural fibers that prevent the alveoli from being over-stretched.
DIAPHRAGM The diaphragm is the large dome shaped muscle
that contracts and relaxes during breathing. It also separates the chest and abdominal cavity. Muscles near our ribs also help expand our chest for breathing.
Note:
Too much carbon dioxide in the blood results from
hypoventilation (too little breathing).
Too little carbon dioxide in the blood results from
hyperventilation (too much/or rapid breathing).
PANCREAS
PANCREAS
Transverse, retroperitoneal organ
Lies behind the stomach 5.75 to 9.5 cm long
Parts: Head – rests within the
concavity of the duodenum
Neck – between the head and the body and is in front of the superior mesenteric artery and vein
Body – lying behind the base of the stomach
Tail – ends just abutting the spleen
ENDOCRINE FUNCTION
The part with the endocrine function is made up of approximately a million cell clusters called islets of Langerhans.
4 cell types in the islets: α Alpha cells – secretes glucagon (increases glucose
in the blood) β Beta cells – secretes insulin (decrease glucose in
the blood) Δ Delta cells – secretes somatostatin (regulates
secretion of alpha and beta cells) γ Gamma cells – secretes pancreatic polypeptide
EXOCRINE FUNCTION
Helps out digestive system Secretes pancreatic fluid that contains
digestive enzymes to further break down the carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in the chyme.
PANCREATIC JUICES
DIGESTIVE ENZYME Proteases: trypsin and chemotrypsin –
digests proteins and peptides into smaller peptides.
Pancreatic lipase: digests dietary fat Amylase: digests carbohydrates
BICARBONATE neutralizes the acid coming in to the small
intestine from the stomach
KIDNEYS
KIDNEYS
2 bean-shaped organs
Situated in the retroperitoneum
Between T12-L3 on each side
Outer layer is the CORTEX and the middle layer is the MEDULLA
KIDNEYS: CORTEX
Glomerulus - ball-shaped structure composed of capillary blood vessels that filters waste products from the blood
Proximal Convoluted Tubule – major site of reabsorption
Loop of Henle – where urine production takes place
KIDNEYS: CORTEX
Distal tubule – responsible for the selective reabsorption of Na, K, Ca and water (with presence of ADH)
Collecting duct - reabsorbs bicarb and hydrogen to to acidify urine
KIDNEYS: MEDULLA
Renal pyramids - cone-shaped tissues of the kidneys
KIDNEYS
Multiple pyramids taper and join forming a minor calyx.
Several combined to make a major calyx.
The major calyxes join and enter a funnel-shaped renal pelvis that directs urine into the ureters.
KIDNEYS: NEPHRONS
Nephrons basic structural and functional
unit of the kidney regulate the concentration of
water and soluble substances like Na salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is need and excreting the rest as urine
2 types: Cortical
Approximately 85% Performs excretory and
regulatory functions Juxtamedullary
Approximately 15% Responsible for concentration
and dilution of urine
URINE FORMATION
Thanks!
FIN.
*toss toss*