analyze assure accelerate tm lbs technologies and test methodologies

Analyze Assure AccelerateTM

LBS Technologies and Test Methodologies

Analyze Assure AccelerateTM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications. Rev 1.01

LBS Technologies

Position Location Technology Location Measurement

Time of Arrival (TOA) Network

Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) Network

Angle of Arrival (AOA) Network

Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD) Network / Mobile

Advanced Forward Link Trilateration (AFLT) Mobile

Assisted GPS (A-GPS) Mobile

Hybrid (AFLT & A-GPS) Mobile

GPS Mobile

LBS employs several different technologies:

Only Mobile Based Technologies

require additional Mobile Testing


BTS Antenna

Advanced Forward Link Trilateration

• Advanced Forward Link Trilateration (AFLT)

• Mobile measures Pilot Phase (Distance) from BTSs Measurements passed

back to Network using IS-801-1 signaling

Network knows location of BTSs and Mobile’s distance from each BTS

Network calculates Mobile’s position

BTS Antenna

BTS Antenna

Mobile


Assisted GPS (A-GPS)

• Reference receiver provides GPS data and precise time to the PDE

• Network provides initial estimate of mobile position and assistance data to the mobile In MS-Assisted mode, the mobile

takes a ‘snapshot’ of the GPS satellites in view and reports distance data back to the PDE

PDE computes the position of the mobile

In MS-Based mode, the mobile computes its own position based on its internal measurements of the visible satellites


Hybrid

• Uses A-GPS & AFLT

• Best of both technologies

• Phone reports ranges using GPS satellites and CDMA pilots

• Example: QUALCOMM/SnapTrack’s

gpsOne The de facto standard in the CDMA industry


CDMA LBS Architecture

• Key Network Entities:

PSAPPublic Service Answering Point

MS

MPCMobile

Positioning Center

GPS Reference

Network

MSC

BSC

BSC

PDE

BSBS

Position Determination Entity

PDE calculates Mobile position MPC controls PDE and MS PSAP terminates emergency calls


LBS Market Perspective

LBS: A growing market Varying estimates between US$20B ~ US$82B by 2005 Some expect LBS will account for 20% of wireless data revenue by 2005

US: Still mostly driven by E911 Phase II mandate Deployments started in 2002 Expected to be widely adopted in 2005

Asia: Many commercial LBS applications have already started generating revenue Example: ‘EZ Navi’ service from KDDI in Japan

Europe: Commercial LBS and growing interest in E112 GSM/WCDMA standards from 3GPP Commercial deployments expected to start in 2005


Why Test LBS Performance?

There are 3 main reasons for testing LBS applications:

Customer Satisfaction In this growing market, LBS performance will be a critical

contributor to widespread customer adoption

Carrier Acceptance Without Carrier acceptance, mobiles cannot be brought to

market

Mandatory Test Requirements Governments are dictating performance criteria for Safety

of Life LBS applications (e.g. E911 & E112)


Customer Satisfaction

Minimum Performance Tests TIA-916 (IS-916) is a published Minimum Performance

Test Specification for location-capable mobiles:

• GPS Performance Tests:Accuracy Test (Stationary)Accuracy Test (Moving)Dynamic Range TestMultipath TestSensitivity Test

• AFLT Performance Tests:Accuracy Test Sensitivity Test

• Hybrid Performance Tests:3 Satellite, 2 pilots + 1 Satellite


Carrier Acceptance

Most major CDMA carriers have created their own LBS-capable mobile acceptance criteria based around Spirent’s PLTS

Some key carriers using PLTS:

• Verizon

• AllTel

• KDDI

• SKT

• KTF

• China Unicom CHINA UNICOM

KTF


Mandatory Test Requirements

FCC E911 Phase II Test Requirements The are currently NO mandatory Lab

Based tests defined

OET 71 describes the mandatory field test procedure for FCC validation

• This procedure is both costly and time consuming, but must be carried out

• Lab based testing allows Mobiles to be pre-screened to SAVE TIME and MONEY


An Introduction to IS-801.1


GPS Overview

GPS Global Positioning System

24 Satellites Continuously Orbit the Earth

GPS L1 Frequency: 1575.42MHz

Orbit: 20,000km, 11,000 miles

Complete Message lasts 750s

Slide 7


GPS Overview

Key Features of GPS satellites:

Each GPS satellite has a VERY accurate Clock.

All GPS satellites are exactly synchronized.

Each satellite transmits a unique PRN Code.

The position of each satellite is precisely known.

Slide 8


How does a normal GPS receiver work?

When you FIRST power up a GPS receiver it takes a

significant amount of time to locate the satellites.

The SECOND time you power up a GPS receiver it takes only a few seconds to

find the satellites.

Why the difference?

GPS Overview

15~20 mins

30~60 seconds

Slide 9


GPS Overview

GPS Receiver

First time Power-Up:

GPS Receiver does NOT know:

- Time (GPS)

- Rough Location of GPS Receiver

- Satellite Locations

Without any ONE of these items the GPS receiver must Search for the Satellites

Slide 10


Earth’s Surface

GPS Receiver

GPS Receiver Starts to Scan for a GPS Signal

Searching for GPS Satellites

First time Power-Up:

Slide 11


Earth’s Surface

GPS Receiver

Once a Satellite is found, the receiver starts to download GPS Data

GPS Overview

Slide 12


GPS Overview

GPS Data:

Almanac Orbital Patterns of the Satellites(Each satellite transmits the orbits of all other satellites.)

TimeTime Of Week (TOW)Week Number (WN)

EphemerisErrors in orbital patterns(Each satellite transmits own ephemeris data.)

It takes 12 ½ minutes to download the full set of

data!

Slide 13


Earth’s Surface

GPS Receiver

GPS Receiver continues to scan for more GPS signals

GPS Overview

Slide 14


Earth’s Surface

GPS Receiver

As the GPS receiver locks on to more satellites it starts to download their GPS data.

GPS Overview

Slide 15


Eatontown, NJ!

GPS Receiver

Once the GPS receiver has locked onto four satellites and downloaded the Almanac and Ephemeris data it can now calculate its position.

GPS Overview

Slide 16


GPS Overview

GPS Receiver

Second time Power-Up:

GPS Receiver DOES know:

- Time

- Last Position of the GPS Receiver

- GPS Data

GPS Receiver Stores the GPS Information

Slide 17


GPS Overview

Slide 17

Antenna & GPS Receiver

(Mobile)

Storage of Time, Almanac &

Ephemeris Data

(Network)

IS-801.1

Messages

A-GPS can be thought of as a GPS receiver split in 2 parts


IS-801.1 Overview

What is IS-801.1?

Position Determination Service Standard for Dual Mode Spread Spectrum Systems

This specification defines the Air Interface Messages passed between the Network and the Mobile phone.


IS-801.1 Overview

IS-801.1 Message consists of two parts:

Transport Protocol

The METHOD of passing the location information between the mobile and the network.

Location Data

The location INFORMATION to be passed between the mobile and the network.


IS-801.1 Overview

IS-801.1 Message

Transport Protocol & Location Data

Transport Protocol

Location Data

IS-801.1 Message


IS-801.1 Overview

Transport Protocol

IS-801.1 Currently ONLY defines ‘Data Burst Messages’

But…

QUALCOMM has also defined a TCP/IP protocol which can be used.


IS-801.1 Overview

Location Data Contain 3 main Parts:

Session ID Information

Request Elements

Response Elements

Session Information

Request Elements

Response Elements

Number Requests

Number Responses

Location Data


IS-801.1 Messages

Request MS Information & Pilot Phase Measurement

Provide MS Information

Provide Pilot Phase Measurement

Request Pseudorange & Pilot Phase Measurement

Request Acquisition Assistance

Provide Acquisition Assistance

Request Location Response,

Provide Pseudorange & Pilot Phase Measurement

Provide Location Response

BTS MS


An Introduction to TIA-916


TIA-916

“Recommended Minimum PerformanceSpecification for TIA/EIA/IS-801-1 Spread Spectrum Mobile Stations”

What is TIA-916?

Note 5.

Those wishing to deploy systems in the United States should also take notice of the requirement to be compliant with Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Ruling on 911 Emergency Services. Meeting the requirements contained in this standard (TIA-916) does not guarantee compliance with the FCC requirements listed in FCC 00-326, CC Docket No. 94-102.


TIA-916 Minimum Performance Testing

TIA-916 has two main test sections:

AFLT Tests

GPS Tests

Hybrid Tests &

The Hybrid section is just for completeness


TIA-916 GPS Performance Tests

GPS PerformanceGPS Accuracy Test (Stationary)GPS Dynamic Range TestGPS Sensitivity TestGPS Multipath Accuracy TestGPS Accuracy Test (Moving)


AFLT Tests

AFLT Performance TestsAFLT Accuracy TestAFLT Sensitivity Test


CDMA Position Location Test System(PLTS)


PLTS Hardware

PLTS Hardware– 2 SR3452V2 CDMA Network Emulator

– GSS5060 GPS Simulator

– TAS3710 PDE

– Controller PC

– 8 Port Ethernet Router

Slide 1


Spirent PLTS Overview

Builds on Spirent’s global leadership in GPS test and wireless channel emulation

Commercial PDE integrated into system, enabling true lab-based interoperability testing against identical software deployed in networks

Builds on Spirent’s global leadership in GPS test and wireless channel emulation

Commercial PDE integrated into system, enabling true lab-based interoperability testing against identical software deployed in networks

Unique AttributesUnique Attributes

Repeatable characterization of GPS, AFLT, and Hybrid performance is challenging and costly through field tests

As focus turns to commercial location-based services it is critical to characterize end-user experience

Repeatable characterization of GPS, AFLT, and Hybrid performance is challenging and costly through field tests

As focus turns to commercial location-based services it is critical to characterize end-user experience

Key Test IssuesKey Test Issues

The world’s first integrated test

solution for location-capable

CDMA mobile devices

The world’s first integrated test

solution for location-capable

CDMA mobile devices

TAS3710 PDE

TASKIT/ PLTS Software

SimGEN GPS Software

GSS5060 Multi-Channel GPS Simulator

Unit Under Test

TAS5048 Test Configuration UnitAirAccess C2K

CDMA Network Emulator

SR5500 Wireless Channel Emulator

TAS5600 Universal Interference Emulator

Virtual Receiver Data

Universal Diagnostic Monitor

TAS3710 PDE

TASKIT/ PLTS Software

SimGEN GPS Software

GSS5060 Multi-Channel GPS Simulator

Unit Under Test

TAS5048 Test Configuration UnitAirAccess C2K

CDMA Network Emulator

SR5500 Wireless Channel Emulator

TAS5600 Universal Interference Emulator

Virtual Receiver Data

Universal Diagnostic Monitor


What is a “SuperRack”?

• PLTS can combine with C2K-ATS CDMA Automatic Test System to form a complete, integrated test system for CDMA Mobile Device testing: Stage 1 (IS-98) Minimum Performance Stage 2 (IS-898) Signaling Conformance IS-801-1/IS-916 Position Location

• Common network emulation, impairment and test configuration resource


Key PLTS Features

• Easy-to-use test executive software with test automation Includes automated mobile control and monitoring

• Test suites for industry-standard test specifications Test Suites based on TIA-916 are supplied

• Real PDE algorithms for representative system testing Allows meaningful Interoperability testing and Hybrid testing of

mobiles that do not self-determine location

• Impairments Option for CDMA field scenario testing e.g. signal blockage, multipath interference, Doppler

spreading


Key PLTS Features

• Supports both mobile initiated and mobile terminated positioning sessions

• Supports both Control Plane and User Plane transport mechanisms Integrated support for IS-801-1 signaling for Control

Plane technologies Optional support for QUALCOMM® User Plane

architecture and KDDI-proprietary User Plane technologies

• Real PDE Integrated within system (SnapTrack®)


PLTS System Architecture

CDMA Position Location Test System (PLTS)


PLTS System Elements

• Test Executive Software (TASKIT/PLTS)

• GPS SimLOCATE software (GSS5060)

• CDMA Network Emulator (AirAccess C2K)

• SnapTrack® PDE (TAS3710)

• Universal Diagnostic Monitor (UDM V2)

Impairments Option:

• RF Channel Emulator (SR5500) with AWGN Option

• Test Configuration Kit (TAS5068)


TASKIT/PLTS Software

• Single point of control for all system elements

• Fully automates every aspect of test execution:

Data collection Results reporting Results analysis

• Test suites defined in terms of parameters required in a particular test, not instrument- specific settings


TASKIT/PLTS Test Suites

IS-916Test Suites

General Parameters

System Date / Time

GPS and CDMA Network Parameters

Map View of CDMA Environment


TASKIT/PLTS Results Reporting

• All test parameters and results stored in an Microsoft® Access database for post processing

• Standardized results formats in TASKIT/ PLTS enable meaningful performance comparisons to be shared between service providers, test labs and manufacturers


GSS5060 GPS Location Simulator

SimLOCATE software supports two locations:– One for mobile

– One for static PDE (Using Virtual Receiver)

Generates up to 12 GPS L1 C/A Code Satellite signals

Emulates signal impairments:– Atmospheric effects

– Static multipath

– Blockage

Built on Spirent’s global leadership in GPS environment emulation


SimLOCATE Application Software

Sky Plot

Mobile Location

Reference Receiver File

Mobile File

File Cabinet

Visible Satellite

Details & Received

Power Levels

Simulation Date/Time


Real-Time GPS Satellite Power Control

Visible satellites

Real time control of satellite power

Absolute or relative to GPS nominal (-130 dBm)

Turn individual satellites on or off in real time

Sliders control each channel independently or

all channels together


AirAccess C2K CDMA Network Emulator

• Real-time IS-95/IS-2000 multi-cell Network emulation

• Support for IS-801-1 signaling

• Platform enables both Control Plane (Data Burst) and User Plane (TCP/IP) delivery methods

• Multi-sector, multi-BSC emulation permits true soft, softer and hard handoffs


AirAccess C2K Application Software

TestResultsWindow

TestConfigurationWindow

File Cabinet

MessageAnalyzer


AirAccess C2K Message Analysis

Message Analyzer Includes Full IS-801-1

Message Decode


AirAccess C2K BTS Configuration

PN Offset and Power Level

Overhead MessageConfigu-ration


TAS3710 PDE

• Network Entity, hosted on server platform and configured for test system application

• Uses SnapTrack® / QUALCOMM® PDE algorithms

• PLTS system architecture capable of supporting multiple PDE software versions, including algorithms from other PDE vendors, for comprehensive interoperability testing


UDM V2 Universal Diagnostic Monitor

• Enables test automation by providing simultaneous remote control and monitoring of mobile

RF Shielded

Box

GPS Signals & CDMA Pilots

Remote Control and Monitoring of

Mobile Under Test UDM


• Complements PLTS by expanding Spirent’s position location testing capabilities into the field environment Full IS-801-1 message

logging & decoding

Location charting

Statistical error analysis for E911 Phase II compliance per FCC OET Bulletin No. 71

UDM V2 Universal Diagnostic Monitor


PLTS Impairments Option

• Emulates representative CDMA propagation impairments in rural, suburban and urban environments: signal blockage, fading, multipath

and noise

• Helps reduce the need for expensive field test campaigns to validatelocation-capable mobile devices beyond their minimum performance

TAS5048 Test Configuration Unit

SR5500 RF Channel Emulator(With AWGN Option)


PLTS User Plane Option

• Standard capabilities of Spirent’s PLTS system extended with User Plane option Simulation of QUALCOMM®’s User Plane

architecture integrated onto the PLTS platform

Includes flexible emulation of the Mobile Positioning Center (MPC) network entity required for authentication

Extends performance analysis capabilities of the PLTS system by providing User Plane implementations of test cases based on TIA-916 specification


Integrated Support in TASKIT/PLTS

• Extends existing minimum performance and system performance test cases with User Plane-specific test parameters

• Provides ability to analyze behavior of mobile/LBS application against each supported call flow


Flexible MPC Emulation

• PLTS emulates interface between mobile and Mobile Positioning Center (MPC)

• Highly flexible configuration interface provides control over MS-MPC message content Both SMS and TCP/IP-Based Protocols

• Behavior of mobile device can be analyzed across all possible MS-MPC message formats and content

• Configurations stored in standard file format and recalled into TASKIT/PLTS


Minimum Performance Test Cases

• User Plane package includes minimum performance test cases based on IS-916 standard

• Enable complete performance analysis of underlying positioning technologies (AFLT/GPS/Hybrid) employed by LBS applications

• Help characterize end-user experience of LBS applications


Roadmap for PLTS User Plane Option

• Network emulation support included in PLTS User Plane option will be delivered in two phases

• Phase 1 feature set available in December 2004 (PLTS Version 2.0) QUALCOMM® V1 User Plane Technologies

• Phase 2 feature set available in May 2005 (PLTS Version 3.0) QUALCOMM® V2 User Plane Technologies

Optional support over EV-DO


Basic PLTS System Configuration

PLTS-EX CDMA Position Location Test System AirAccess C2K CDMA Network Emulator

(includes two SR3452s) GSS5060 GPS Location Simulator TAS3710 PDE TASKIT/PLTS Software UDM V2 Universal Diagnostic Monitor


PLTS Hardware Options

PLTS-IMP4 Impairments Option for PLTS SR5500 RF Channel Emulator

AWGN Option C2K-TCU2-KIT Test Configuration Kit (includes TAS5048) PLTS-IMP-TS1 Impairment Support for TASKIT/PLTS


PLTS Software Options

PLTS-USER-PLANE User Plane Option for PLTS

PLTS-API Remote Control API Option

PLTS-KDDI-TS KDDI Test Suites

PLTS-JPN KDDI Protocol Support

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